1. word web 2. listening comprehension 3. background information before reading_main before...

1. Word Web

2. Listening Comprehension

3. Background Information

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading

4. Warm-up Questions

William Shakespeare

Mark Twain

Behavior and Behavioral Sciences


Word Web

Directions: Figure out the expressions related to the word “praise”.

PRAISE


Listening Comprehension

Directions: Listen to the paragraph about tip and answer the following questions.

(1) What was the original use of a tip?

It was used to insure prompt service or to speed service.

(2) What is the amount of money for a tip?

It is about 10% to 20% to their bills.

(3) Who depends largely on tips?

Waiters and waitresses depend largely on tips.

■


A tip is a small gift of money for service, usually in addition to payment due. Originally, it was used to insure prompt service or to speed service. But nowadays, it is a common practice for most American and European hotels and restaurants to add a service charge of about 10% to 20% to their bills, and many guests feel impelled to tip above this. On the other hand, many waiters and waitresses depend largely on tips for their livelihood.


William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an English playwright and poet, recognized in much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists. His style: His plays communicate a profound knowledge of the

sources of human behavior, revealed through portrayals of a wide variety of characters. His use of poetry within his plays to express the deepest levels of human motivation in various situations is considered one of the greatest accomplishments in literary history.

His famous plays: Romeo and JulietMuch Ado About NothingA Midsummer Night’s DreamThe Merchant of VeniceHamletMacbeth


Mark Twain

Mark Twain (1835-1910) is the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, a great American writer and humorist.

His style: His best work is characterized by broad, often irreverent humor or biting social satire. Twain’s writing is also known for realism of place and language, memorable characters, and hatred of hypocrisy （伪善） and oppression（压迫） .

His famous work: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885)The book is the story of the title character, known as Huck, a boy who flees his father by rafting down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave, Jim.


Behavior and Behavioral Sciences

Directions: Listen to the passage about behavior and behavioral sciences and fill in the missing words.

Behavior is anything that a living creature does. With human beings the word often refers to acts that other persons can if they happen to be present. Actually, all and ways of acting are behavior. These include a person’s thoughts, , feelings, needs, and the responses of his muscles and glands. Behavior sciences deal with the of human actions, especially those actions that develop out of interpersonal , usually including the fields of sociology, social and anthropology, education and .

■

observe______responses________

emotions________

subject ______

relations_______cultural______

psychology_________


Warm-up Questions

What did your parents do when you made a mistake? And how about the teacher?What kind of feeling do you have when you are praised? How do you feel when you are blamed?Do you often praise people or criticize them?How do Chinese usually do with praise? (= “It’s nothing.” “ Don’t mention it.” Or other words to conceal our actual happy feelings in order to show our modesty.)Do you think that punishment is the way to make a child learn?

1)

2)

3)4)

5)

1. Part Division of the Text

2. True or False


3. Further Understanding

Questions and Answers

Role-play

Dictation

Blank Filling

Report Completion

Reading Comprehension

Discussion

For Part 1

For Part 2

For Part 3

For Part 4


Part Division of the Text

An example that shows the importance of praise.

The possible reasons why people are so chary about giving praise.

The author takes people of different sorts for example and further explains that praise can bring about unexpected good effect on them.

Parts Lines Main Ideas

1—15

16—34

35—77

1

2

3

4 78—85The author encourages people to give more praise to others.

1. The author had decided to quit her job but a few words of praise from a customer changed her mind.

4. According to the author, people often feel embarrassed when they hear compliments.


True or False

2. We are reluctant to criticize but eager to praise other people.

3. One of the author’s friends is good at languages and this ability has enabled her to make friends with foreigners. F( )

She is not much of a linguist.

F( )

According to the author, we are often eager to criticize but reluctant to praise other people.

T( )

T( )


They know that instinctively.

6. Mothers need to be told that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.

T( )5. Of all people, housewives need praise the most.

8. In most schools, students who fail to get praise are the ones who need it the most. T( )

7. Through experiments it has been learned that a person tends to repeat his behavior if such behavior is rewarded. T( )

F( )

Questions and Answers


1.2.

3.

How did the writer feel at the end of her first day as waitress in a restaurant?How did she feel when the father with several children had changed the ice-cream order a dozen times?How come her exhaustion vanished all of a sudden?

Role-play


Characters: waiters, a family, a manager

Task: order in a restaurant, give tips and ask for feeling

Tips Complimenting:

You really look great today! What a wonderful house you have! That is not a bad bike you’ve got! I really like your hair style / dress! The meal, especially the dumpling, is delicious!

Role-play


Tips Responses:

Thanks. I am glad you like it too. I am very glad you think so. Thank you. It’s so nice of you to say so. You are flattering me. / I am flattered. Thank you. It’s really nothing special.

Wrong Responses:

No, no, it’s nothing. It’s not so good. You cannot say so. Don’t say that. Welcome. It’s my duty.

Dictation


Listen to the following paragraph and then fill in the missing words.

Praise is like to the human spirit; we can’t and without it. And yet, while most of us are only too ready to to others the cold wind of , we are somehow to give our fellows the warm sunshine of

sunlight_______ flower_____ grow____apply_____

criticism_______ reluctant________praise_____.

■

Blank Filling


According to the author, unexciting and routine jobs that generally go unnoticed are , , , , .

cleaning_______ laundry______ paper-delivery___________ gas-station work______________house-keeping____________

Report Completion


Directions: You are required to read Line 71 to Line 83 and then complete the following report of the experiment made by behavioral scientists.

Purpose: To prove that any human being tends to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result.____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Objects of experiment: School children._____________

Process: Children are divided into three groups. One group was consistently praised for its previous performance; another group was criticized; the third was ignored.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Results:

Conclusion:

Unexpected findings:

Those who were praised improved dramatically. Those who were criticized improved some. Those who were ignored hardly improved at all.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise, but the less able children reacted badly to criticism, needed praise most.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The less able children in most schools fail to get the pat on the back.________________________________________________________

2. According to the writer, who should be given particular praise?

a. A film star.

d. A cook.


Reading Comprehension

1.What can you infer from Line 35 to Line 43?

a. The more a person does, the more praise he will receive.

b. People usually give more praise to those whose work is not hard

and dirty.

c. Paper boys get most of the praise from customers.

d. Paper boys don’t know how to accept compliments gracefully.

KEY

KEY

Go over Part 3 again and complete the multiple choices.

b. An artist.c. A housewife.


3. What can you learn from the dialogue between the writer and her

daughter?

a. It is better to scold the children than to praise them.

b. Parents should never scold their children.

c. Parents don’t know how to make children play peacefully at home.

d. It does their children more good to praise than to scold them.

KEY

4. According to this part, teacher should ______.

a. ask students to leave margins for praise

b. give students favorable comments over their previous work

c. always know that students are eager to be praised

d. always ask students to hand in something above their usual

standard

KEY


5. The author’s attitude about praise

is_____.

a. positive

b. negative

c. doubtful

d. critical

KEY

Discussion


Do you agree with the author’s opinion that we should be alert to the small excellence around us and comment on them? Why or why not?


Are we too quick to blame and slow to praise? It seems we are.

SentenceSentence WordWord


It was the end of my exhausting first day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant. My cap had gone awry, my apron was stained, my feet ached. The loaded trays I carried felt heavier and heavier. Weary and discouraged, I didn’t seem able to do anything right. As I made out a complicated check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream order a dozen times, I was ready to quit.

PROFITS OF PRAISE Janet Graham


Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip. “Well done,” he said. “You’ve looked after us really well.”

Suddenly my tiredness vanished. I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I’d liked my first day, I said, “Fine!” Those few words of praise had changed everything.

Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit; we cannot flower and grow without it. And yet, while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.


Why — when one word can bring such pleasure? A friend of mine who travels widely always tries to learn a little of the language of any place she visits. She’s not much of a linguist, but she does know how to say one word — “beautiful” — in several languages. She can use it to a mother holding her baby, or to a lonely salesman fishing out pictures of his family. The ability has earned her friends all over the world.



It’s strange how chary we are about praising. Perhaps it’s because few of us know how to accept compliments gracefully. Instead, we are embarrassed and shrug off the words we are really so glad to hear. Because of this defensive reaction, direct compliments are surprisingly difficult to give. That is why some of the most valued pats on the back are those which come to us indirectly, in a letter or passed on by a friend. When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful remarks are conveyed, it seems a pity that there isn’t more effort to relay pleasing and flattering comments.


It’s especially rewarding to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned. An artist gets complimented for a glorious picture, a cook for a perfect meal. But do you ever tell your laundry manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right? Do you ever praise your paper boy for getting the paper to you on time 365 days a year?


Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing routine jobs: gas-station attendants, waitresses — even housewives. Do you ever go into a house and say, “What a tidy room?” Hardly anybody does. That’s why housework is considered such a dreary grind. Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers, but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors. Shakespeare said, “Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure.


Mothers know instinctively that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding. Still, we’re not always as perceptive as we might be about applying the rule. One day I was criticizing my children for squabbling. “Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted. Susanna looked at me quizzically.


“Of course we can,” she said. “But you don’t notice us when we do." Teachers agree about the value of praise. One teacher writes that instead of drowning students’ compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them. “I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard,” writes the teacher, “and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”



Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that any human being tends to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result. In one such experiment, a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days. One group was consistently praised for its previous performance; another group was criticized; the third was ignored.

Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically. Those who were criticized improved also, but not so much. And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all. Interestingly the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise, but the less able children reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most. Yet the latter are the very youngsters who, in most schools, fail to get the pat on the back.


To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment’s thought and a moment’s effort — perhaps a quick phone call to pass on a compliment, or five minutes spent writing an appreciative letter. It is such a small investment — and yet consider the results it may produce. “I can live for two months on a good compliment,” said Mark Twain.



So, let’s be alert to the small excellences around us — and comment on them. We will not only bring joy into other people’s lives, but also, very often, added happiness into our own.





Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip. “Well done," he said. “You’ve looked after us really well.”

Suddenly my tiredness vanished. I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I’d liked my first day, I said, “Fine!” Those few words of praise had changed everything.



Why — when one word can bring such pleasure? A friend of mine who travels widely always tries to learn a little of the language of any place she visits. She’s not much of a linguist, but she does know how to say one word — “beautiful” — in several languages. She can use it to a mother holding her baby, or to a lonely salesman fishing out pictures of his family. The ability has earned her friends all over the world.




Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing routine jobs: gas-station attendants, waitresses — even housewives. Do you ever go into a house and say, “What a tidy room?" Hardly anybody does. That’s why housework is considered such a dreary grind. Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers, but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors. Shakespeare said, “Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure.



“Of course we can,” she said. “But you don’t notice us when we do.” Teachers agree about the value of praise. One teacher writes that instead of drowning students’ compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them. “I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard,” writes the teacher, “and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”


To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment’s thought and a moment’s effort — perhaps a quick phone call to pass on a compliment, or five minutes spent writing an appreciative letter. It is such a small investment — and yet consider the results it may produce. “I can live for two months on a good compliment,” said Mark Twain.




Suddenly my tiredness vanished. I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I’d liked my first day, I said, “Fine!" Those few words of praise had changed everything.



Why — when one word can bring such pleasure? A friend of mine who travels widely always tries to learn a little of the language of any place she visits. She’s not much of a linguist, but she does know how to say one word — “beautiful" — in several languages. She can use it to a mother holding her baby, or to a lonely salesman fishing out pictures of his family. The ability has earned her friends all over the world.


1) How to understand “too…to” structure in this sentence?

too…to 表示 “太…以至于不…”，但当 too 之后跟的是 apt, ready, kind, happy, quick 等形容词时，动词不定式则表示肯定的意思。意为“太，非常，很”。如：

2) Put it into Chinese.

然而，我们中的大多数人却动辄对别人刮起批评的寒风，不知为什么却不愿把表扬的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。

We will be only too glad to help you if you need us. SS






What has been omit after “why’?

...are we somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.





1) Paraphrase this sentence.

When one thinks how fast the bad words spread, it seems a pity that one doesn’t do his / her best to pass good words and bring pleasure to people.


当想到那些冷言恶语传播的速度之快时，我们会为没有尽力传达那些令人愉快的赞美之词而感到遗憾。





1) Where is the real subject of the sentence?

“to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned” 是句子的真正主语。在英语中，当主语是个较长的句子时，放在句首显得头重脚轻，因此常用形式主语 “ it” 代替主语从句，而从句则放到表语之后，其结构如下：It + 系动词 + 形容词 / 名词 + wh / how / that 从句 .“in which effort generally goes unnoticed and unmentioned”: 是先行词 area 的定语从句。 unnoticed 和 unmentioned 在句中是主语补足语。


对于那些通常不为人们注意或提及的努力给予赞扬，尤其有益。





1) How do you understand “of all” in this sentence?

of all 一般用来表示强调，通常用于两种场合。一种是表示 “特别是，尤其是”，另外一种用来表示惊讶，意为“竟然是，偏偏是。”

2) Find a word with similar meaning to “measure”.

share

How can he be absent today, of all days?SS

他为什么偏偏在今天迟到？TT





1) Paraphrase this sentence.

A bit of flattery is much more valuable than a lot of blaming.这句话是一句英语谚语的变体。 An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 一分预防胜过十分治疗。


一句赞扬抵得上十句责骂。





Paraphrase this sentence.

Now and then we are more liable to ignore the importance of putting this rule — praise is more valuable than scolding into practice.


“Of course we can," she said. “But you don’t notice us when we do." Teachers agree about the value of praise. One teacher writes that instead of drowning students’ compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them. “I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard," writes the teacher, “and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too."


What is the author’s implied meaning in this sentence?

Teachers shouldn’t always write scolding words on the students’ compositions in red ink.

To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment’s thought and a moment’s effort — perhaps a quick phone call to pass on a compliment, or five minutes spent writing an appreciative letter. It is such a small investment — and yet consider the results it may produce. “I can live for two months on a good compliment," said Mark Twain.




1) How do you understand “nothing but” in this sentence?

nothing but =just, only 只是，仅仅。 nothing but 一般后面接名词。如：


赞扬别人只需给予者片刻的思索和努力——或者是很快地打个电话传递一句赞美的话，或者是花五分钟时间写一封感谢信。

She is nothing but a beautiful empty head. SS

她只是一个脑袋空空的美人而已。TT




blame: v. to believe or state that someone is responsible for sth. bad

The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.SS

They blamed the failure on George.SS

Pattern: blame sb. for sth. blame sth. on sb.

Collocation:

be to blame

bear the blame

shift the blame on sb.

take the blame

应受谴责承担责任

嫁祸于人

负过失的责任




CF: blame, scold, condemn,& criticize这些词均含“责备，批评”之意。

blame 指一般意义上的“责怪”，不包含用言语责骂之意。They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.SS

scold 指“由于错误或不满而暴躁地、恼怒地表示气愤 , 予以斥责 , 其理由可能是充分的 , 但往往是不充分的”。一般指长辈对晚辈，上级对下级的比较严厉的“训斥”。

He was severely scolded by his teacher for cheating on the exam.

SS

condemn 指正式场合下的“谴责，判罪”。

Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil.

SS

The criminal was condemned to death.SS

criticize 指对某人的错误的批评。亦可作“评论”讲。

He was criticized for lack of leadership.SS

Would you criticize my writing and tell me if it’s any good?SS





Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip. “Well done," he said. “You’ve looked after us really well."

profit

(1) n. advantage obtained from something; money gained in business

TT

SS 他们出售非法光碟，大量获利。

They made a lot profits by selling illegal disks.

SS What’s the profit of doing that thing?

(2) v. be of advantage to; be benefited or helped

SS Too much complaint will profit you nothing.

SS What did you profit from that deal?






CF: profit & benefit两词都可当“好处”解释。

profit 用作“利润”时，只能用单数。

benefit 特指政府救济金。

make a profit 赚钱

unemployment benefit 失业救济金sick benefit 疾病津贴death benefit 死亡恤金long-term benefit 长期受益 ; 长远利益mutual benefit 互惠 , 互利survivor benefit 遗属抚恤金






Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

It is said he has got the unemployment from the

government.

All his wealth did not him.

We from daily exercises.

This new invention will bring you great like a

goldmine.

benefit______

profit_____

benefit______

profits______

1.

2.

3.

4.






as

TT

SS He worked as a laborer.

他是一个劳动者。（ as 表示的是身份）

SS He worked like a laborer.

CF: as & like这两词都可用作介词，但其意义却不同。

as 意为“作为，如同”，侧重人或事物的同一性。

like 意为“像…一样”，“像…似的”。

TT 他工作起来像个劳动者。 (He worked in manner of a laborer but he wasn’t a laborer.)





Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip. “Well done,“ he said. “You’ve looked after us really well.”

exhausting adj. tired out

SS The exhausting day really made me completely exhausted.

SS 这项实验既费时又费力。

TT The experiment is very time-consuming and exhausting.






make out

(1) write in a complete form, fill out

SS Could you make out a detailed list for me?

SS The teacher made out a list of books for students to read.

(2) understand

SS I just couldn’t make out how the fire started.

SS 你们知道我是谁吗？

TT Can you make out who I am?






Collocation:

make fun of

make for

make ends meet

make one’s way

取笑走向，冲向

收支平衡

艰难前进

make up for 编造，弥补






dozen: n. twelve

(1) dozen与数词连用时， dozen 之后不加 s, 也不常接介词 of 。SS Eggs are sold at 88 cents a dozen.

(2) 与many, several等词连用时，也不加 s, 后面的 of可有可无；dozen之后加 s时，后接介词 of。SS Many dozens of birds are seen flying over the sky.

(3) dozen(s) of之后如有代词，是指示形容词或物主代词时，其中的介词of不能省略。

a dozen of us; some dozens of her books






quit: v. stop doing sth.

SS He quit school because of his poor health.

SS 她必须戒掉烟酒 , 因为这对她的肝脏有害。

She had to quit smoking and drinking, for they are harmful to her liver.

TT






somehow: adv. in one way or another; for some reasons that one doesn’t understand or is not sure about

SS We will manage to finish the job somehow.

SS The book disappeared somehow.

NB:

anyhow & anyway它们是同义词，表示 “无论如何”、“以任何方式”、“反正”。

SS Anyway, It’s worth trying.

SS He couldn’t understand the meaning anyhow.






when: conj. since

SS 既然没车你是怎么来的？

SS Why should we stay here when the chairman didn’t come?

TT How could you get here when there was no bus?






not much of: not a very good

SS He is not much of a singer.

SS ￥ 500 a month is not much of a salary for a skilled worker.





shrug off: dismiss something as not deserving one’s attention or as unimportantSS 老板对工人们的抱怨置之不理。

SS In whatever situations, he can shrug off his problems and keep smiling.

TT The boss shrugged off the workers’ complaints.





convey: v. make (ideas, views, feelings, etc.) known to another personSS 我将把这消息通知他。

TT I will convey the information to him.

SS 我的情感难以言表。

TT I can't convey my feelings in words.





appreciate: v.

(1) be thankful for

SS Your kindness to me is really appreciated.

(2) understand and enjoy

SS This was really a good play. Everybody appreciated it.

SS 我们十分感谢你所做的一切。

TT We greatly appreciated what you have done.

SS 美味的食品人人喜欢。

TT Delicious food is appreciated by everyone.





CF: appreciate & value这两个词均有“赏识 , 鉴赏”之意。

appreciate “ ”指基于了解、正确的判断或洞察而重视，珍惜，赏识。

value 指由于价值、重要性或某一品质而“重视，尊敬”。它还可以作名词，意为“价值，价格，实用性，重要性。”


1.

2.

3.

4.

I this car at $ 30,000.

I don’t think you the difficulty of this job.

Her abilities were by her colleagues.

Mark his friendship with John very much.

value_____

appreciate_________

appreciated__________

values______





routine: adj. not unusual or exciting; regular

SS 放松一点，这只是一次例行体检。

SS 你代我去参加这次例会好吗 ?

TT Will you go to the routine meeting instead of me?

TT Relax. This is just a routine medical check.





apply: v. put into use

SS 这一原则在任何情况下都适用。

SS Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial methods.

TT This principle applies in every case.




drown: v. cover completely with water; die in water because of being unable to breathe

SS 今年已有好几个孩子溺水而亡。

SS Whenever he eats biscuits, he drowns them in milk.

TT Several children have drowned this year.




constructive: adj. helping

SS 感谢您富有建设性的批评和帮助。

SS The president’s speech was considered rather constructive.

TT Thank you for your constructive criticism and help.





CF: previous & former 这两个形容词均有“之前的”之意。

previous “ ”指（时间或顺序上）早先的，先前的，以前的。

former 指“从前的，以前的”。

His mother died previous to his arrival.SS

The previous paragraph we have just talked about is very important.

SS

The boy who is now studying abroad is my former student.SS

Bush was the former President of the United States. SS

previous: adj.





她一个人在角落里玩，没有人理她。SS

My driving license was suspended for ignoring the traffic lights.

SS

ignore: v. not to take notice of, pay no attention to

TT She is ignored and played by herself in the corner.

CF: ignore, neglect, overlook & disregard这一些词均有“忽视，漠视”之意。

ignore 指“忽视，不顾”，强调故意置之不理，或没有给予应有的重视。neglect 指“疏忽，遗漏”，强调注意力分配不均衡，所给予的重视程度很小，但不是故意之举，并无恶意。overlook 指“忽略，宽恕”，常指由于匆忙或没注意而忽视。disregard 指“不顾”，强调故意不理睬，有漠视的意思。






1.

2.

3.

4.

He who history is doomed to repeat it.

Don’t writing to your mother.

He a printer’s error.

He my advice.

ignores______

neglect______

overlooked_________

disregarded__________





Students with low abilities tend to react badly to criticism.SS

react : v. respond

Pattern: react to 起反应

react on …对有影响

react against 反抗

How did he react to your suggestion?SS

How do acids react on metals? SS

The old lady reacted against her daughter by tearing the check apart.

SS





人人都需要赞扬。SS

pat on the back: an expression of praise or encouragement

Pattern: pat somebody on the back 对某人表示赞许

pat oneself on the back 自鸣得意

Every one needs a pat on the back.TT

Pats on the back are not enough. We need real support.SS

Everybody there patted him on the back. SS

He patted himself on the back for he was the only one to pass the exam.

SS





他正把知识传授给同学。SS

pass on: give or convey to another

He is passing on his knowledge to his classmates.TT

He immediately made a phone call to pass on his congratulations.

SS

Collocation:

pass away

pass by

pass down

pass out

去世；死 (= pass on, pass over)

漠视；不理会 (= pass over)

传递 (= pass on)

失去知觉；昏过去

pass over 去世 , 死亡 ; 不注意；漠视；置之不理；不考虑





The policemen were told to be alert to the dangers they were facing.

SS

be alert (to): be quick to see and act; be watchful

Be alert to everything around you. SS





不要靠吃老本生活。SS

live on: get a livehood

He lived on the government’s relief for many years.SS

Don’t live on your past gains.TT


1. Useful Expressions

2. Summary Writing

3. Debate

4. Multiple Choices

5. Dictation

6. Writing Practice

7. Talking About the Pictures

8. Proverbs and Quotations

生意兴隆的餐馆

小心，谨慎

报童

防御性反应

全家福照片

例行工作

恶语

沉闷枯燥的苦差

a busy restaurant

be chary about

paper boy

defensive reaction

picture of the family

routine job

spiteful remark

a dreary grind

Useful Expressions


片刻的思考

感谢信

a moment’s thought

an appreciative letter

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11. 留意

12. 传递赞美的话

13. 小小投资

14. 靠…为生

15. 片刻的努力

16. 赞扬，夸奖

be alert to

pass on a compliment

small investment

live on

a moment’s effort

pats on the back


17. 洗衣店经理

18. 带来快乐

19. 行为科学家

20. 赞扬的价值

laundry manager

bring pleasure

behavioral scientist

the value of praise

21. 运用规则

22. 插花23. 最需要24. 一顿美餐

25. 赢得朋友

26. 不屑理睬

apply the rule

arranging flowers

need … the most

a perfect meal

earn friends

shrug off


27. 超过平时水平

28. 简短的评论

29. 开花结果

30. 批评的寒风

above one’s usual standard

a brief comment

flower and grow

cold wind of criticism

It was the end of my exhausting day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant. (由于疲劳和沮丧 ) , I was ready to quit. But when I was praised by a father of several children, (我的疲劳顿时消失了 ) . (表扬就像阳光 ) to human spirit. Without it (我们就不能开花生长 ) . And yet, most of us (动不动就对别人刮起批评的寒风 ) . It’s strange (我们对表扬是何其的慎重 ) . Perhaps it’s because few of us know (大大方方地接受表扬 ) . It’s especially rewarding (对通常不为人们注意或提及的努力 ) . Those who do routine jobs ( 更懂得赞扬的意义 )To give praise (只需给予者付出片刻的思索和片刻的努力加以赞扬 ) and yet consider the results it may produce.


Summary Writing

Weary and discouraged_______________________

suddenly my tiredness vanished_____________________________ Praise is like sunlight___________________we cannot flower and grow__________________________

are only too ready toapply to others the cold wind of criticism

___________________

____________________________________

how chary we are about praising______________________________how to accept compliments gracefully__________________________________

to give praise inareas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned

_______________________________________________________________________

particularly appreciate praise____________________________.costs the

giver nothing but a moment’s thought and a moment’s effort________

________________________________________________________

So, ( 让我们随时注意周围各种小小的优点 )


and comment on them. We will (不仅给别人的生活带来欢乐 ) , but also very often, added happiness into our own.

let’s be alert to the small excellence around us___________________________________________

not only bring joy into other people’s lives______________________________________


Debate

Shall we praise or criticize?Directions: Divide the class into two parts. Each part chooses one side and prepare before class. Representatives give arguments first and then begin free debate. Teacher guides and concludes at last.

1) We are only too pleased to see you. “ only too” means ________.

A. rather

B. very

C. a bit

D. not at all

KEY

Multiple Choices


2) ________my greetings to your parents when you see them.

A. Talk

B. Take

C. Convey

D. Bring

KEY

Directions: Choose ONE best answer to complete the sentence.

4) Everyone is sure to get much ______ from reading.

A. benefits

B. money

C. fame

D. profit

3) His achievements ________ him fame.

A. earned

B. gave

C. bring

D. bought

KEY

KEY


6) He’s ________ to go, but he has to.

A. willing

B. reluctant

C. sure

D. certain

5) You’ll have to finish the job ______.

A. somehow

B. in any way

C. anyway

D. in whatever way

KEY

KEY


8) How does he ______ to your question?

A. react

B. answer

C. reply

D. call

7) The manager just ______ all our requests.

A. cut off

B. cut out

C. decline

D. shrugged off

KEY

KEY


10) A mouse is ________ to every sound and movement around it.

A. warned

B. alert

C. sensible

D. capable

9) Your kindness to the sick people is greatly ________.

A. thanked

B. admired

C. rewarded

D. appreciated

KEY

KEY



Dictation

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Can you make out what he is talking about?___________________________________

A capable boss knows how to give pats on back._______________________________________

Yesterday I bought four dozens of eggs from the supermarket._________________________________________________

Some people said that he was an excellent artist, but in my opinion, he was not much of an artist.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A talented actor should be alert to everything around him or how can he be a good actor?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

■


Writing Practice

Directions: Write a paragraph of about 100 words arguing that praise is more profitable than criticism. You can support your arguments with examples from the text or from your own experience.

Most people would agree that children learn best when they are praised by teachers or parents. Teachers can see the value of praise every day in their classrooms. Students who receive praise instead of “red marks” on their writing papers seem to improve more rapidly in writing skills. Similarly grown-ups do a better job if they get a pat on the back. Yet, people who do routine jobs such as waiting on tables or keeping house seldom receive compliments. Small wonder they consider their work a dreary grind. So it is especially rewarding to give these people praise. For instance, a kind smile and a few warm words removed all the tiredness of the author when at the end of her first day as waitress she was exhausted and ready to quit. So if we can keep an eye on the small excellences around us and give compliments to those who deserve them, we can bring joy into the lives of other people as well as our own.


Talking About the Pictures

Proverbs and Quotations

1. The secret of success is constancy of purpose.

成功的秘诀是坚定的目标。

2. He who laughs best who laughs last.

谁笑到最后，谁笑得最美。

3. To a wise man one word is enough.

聪明人一点就通。


4. We ask advice, but we can receive approbation.

— Charles C. Colton; British clergyman

我们征求意见，但事实上我们是想得到赞许。

—— 英国牧师科尔顿 , C. C.


5. When anyone remains modest, not after praise but after blame, then his modesty is real.

— John Paul Richter; French writer

当一个人没有获得赞扬而是遭到批评之后仍然保持谦虚，他的谦虚才是真实的。

—— 法国作家赖奇特 , J. P.