1. listening comprehension 2. background information civil defense the conelrad 3. warm-up questions...

1. Listening Comprehension

2. Background Information

Civil Defense

The Conelrad

3. Warm-up Questions

Before Reading_Main

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading

Missiles


Listening ComprehensionDirections: Listen to the interview and fill in the chart with what you’ve heard.

A Minute of the Madrid Conference

Place of the conference Madrid

Topic of the conference 1)

RepresentativesHeads of state and government from several countries

Organizer The Club of Madrid

Discussion Areas

The 2) of terrorismThe 3) to the threatHow terrorism 4) democracy.How civil society can be 5) to face it.

AimTo promote international cooperation against terrorism in 6) ways

SolutionPeople believe the only way to solve the problem is by 7)

Global terrorism______________

causes______response________

challenges__________strengthened__________

practical_______

international cooperation______________________.

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Woman:

Man:

Woman:

Man:

Woman:Man:

(A female journalist is interviewing a representative at the Madrid conference on global terrorism.)

We know that heads of state and government from several countries have joined the conference in Madrid. What is the topic of the meeting? This conference is on global terrorism and security. It tries to find out the causes of violence and explore ways to reduce the threat.This conference has been organized by the Club of Madrid, a non-governmental organization of former presidents and prime ministers.Yes, the conference is to commemorate the first anniversary of last year’s train bombings in the Spanish capital. The attack killed 191 people, which has been the worst terrorist attacks in Western Europe’s modern history.What are the specific things they are discussing? Four main areas, in fact: the causes of terrorism; the response to the threat; how terrorism challenges democracy; and how civil society can be strengthened to face it.

■


Woman:

Man:

Woman:

Man:

It is said that the aim of the discussion is also to promote international cooperation against terrorism in practical ways.Yes, the conference organizer Christer Elverson says that terrorism is a global phenomenon. So people believe the only way to solve the problem is by international cooperation. That is to say all countries that have been hit to work together.It is said that a plan of action on how to fight terrorism in the years ahead is going to be released on Friday. Yes, the conclusions are likely to reflect a European way based on prevention rather than the American way of reaction.


Background Information

1. Civil Defense


Civil defense is the national program of the U. S. to safeguard civilian life and property. With the coming of the age of missiles and rockets, civil defense has become a program for national survival.

With the menace of missiles, people may be doomed by fallout ( 放射性尘埃 ) – the dangerous radioactive particles or dust that is left in the air after a nuclear explosion. There is no practical way to protect people in the immediate range of a nuclear explosion. Civil defense, therefore, must be based primarily on a system of fallout shelters.

In 1961, the federal government of the U. S. began to survey to find shelter spaces in factories, office buildings, and other places. These shelters were to be stocked with essential supplies, marked for identification, and made available to the public in an emergency.


2. The Conelrad

Standing for Control of Electromagnetic Radiation, Conelrad was a system formerly used for broadcasting instructions over radio stations by shifting frequencies or going on and off the air irregularly in order to keep enemy aircraft or guide missiles from utilizing the beams of the station for navigation. Under the Conelrad system, all stations were to broadcast at 640 or 1240 kHz (Kilohertz), each station transmitting for only a few seconds and then transferring the broadcast to another station. The Conelrad system was abandoned and replaced by the Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) in August 1963 when it was decided that modern navigational aids would allow an enemy to find his target even without the use of a radio system.

Directions: Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.


1. What does “Conelrad” stand for?

It stands for Control of Electromagnetic Radiation.

2. Is Conelrad system still in use?

No, it has been abandoned.

3. What took the place of Conelrad system?

The Emergency Broadcast System.


Air-to-air and air-to-surface guided missiles are generally short-range, light, rocket-powered projectiles with sophisticated internal guidance systems. Both types were tested in wartime Germany, and the German radio-controlled glide bombs were responsible for sinking numerous Allied ships. Although these early missile weapons relied on optical tracking and control from parent aircraft, most current air-to-ground guided missiles depend on their own target-sensing mechanism once launched.

Missiles


Warm-up Questions

1. What is going on at Dr. Stockton’s one summer evening?

A birthday party.

2. Why does Stockton refuse to share his bomb shelter with his neighbors?

Because it can house three people only, that is, his own family members.

3. What is Stockton’s reason for refusing his neighbors to come into the shelter?

He says he doesn’t have any room or supplies and it’s designed for three people only.

4. What do the neighbors intend to do when they gather before the Stockton house with a giant log?

They intend to smash the door and go into it.

5. How do the Stocktons put resistance against their neighbors’ intrusion?

They put stuff up against the door.

Scan the text quickly and then answer the following questions.


6. What do the neighbors think of their own behavior once the crisis is over?

They regret for what they have done and want to pay for the damage.

7. What conclusions does Stockton draw from the events of the evening?

People sometimes are not destroyed by the bomb, but by their own selfishness, or they may be destroyed morally.

1. Part Division of the Text

2. Rhetorical & Stylistic Analysis

For Part 1 & 2 Questions and Answers

For Part 3 Role Play

For Part 4 Multiple Choice


3. Further Understanding

Part Division of the Text

Main IdeasParagraphsPart

1 1~2

2 3 (Act Two → A chorus of voices greet this with assent.)

The story began at Dr. Stockton’s house, where a birthday party was held one summer evening. It was suddenly broken up by an unexpected emergent radio announcement of suspected enemy missiles approaching. The guests hurried home but came back soon.

The neighbors wanted to share Dr. Stockton’s bomb shelter for their own security, but were refused because there was no more room.


Main IdeasParagraphsPart

3 4~9 (A chorus of voices greet this with assent. → Then from the portable radio in the corner comes. )

The crowd argued, quarreled and even fought for a chance to go into the shelter but still failed. So they smashed the door open.


4 9 (Then from the portable radio in the corner comes. → the end.)

In the end, the suspected missiles proved to be only a satellite. The Stocktons, their friends and neighbors were all spared from a bomb, but there would be no more friendship and neighborhood harmony among them.


Rhetorical & Stylistic Analysis

Directions: This text is an abridged version of Act Two of the television play “The Shelter”, which first appeared on the CBS Television Networks in 1961. Read the present play quickly and grasp the following elements of the drama.

Time One summer evening

Characters Dr. Stockton, his wife Grace Stockton and his son Paul Stockton Henderson, Mrs. Henderson Marty Weiss, Mrs. Weiss Jerry Harlowe, Mrs. HarloweMan # 1

Key Elements The Drama of The Shelter

Scene Dr. Stockton’s house


Key Elements

Conflicts At the surface level: people vs. people (e.g. Stockton vs. the others; Weiss vs. the Hendersons; Harlowe vs. the others)At the deep level: man vs. himself (his own selfishness because everyone in the play is selfish although in varying degrees)

Climax The shelter door was smashed down.

The Drama of The Shelter


Key Elements

Outcome The “enemy missiles” turned out to be satellites. All the characters were in an awkward situation because something valuable was destroyed.

Theme In some cases, human’s selfishness, which is usually hidden underneath, is more dangerous to human society than nuclear missiles.

The Drama of The Shelter


Questions and Answers

1. Why does the party break up in confusion?

Because the President of the United States declares the state of emergency for suspected enemy missiles approaching.

2. Why do the neighbors come back to the Stockton house soon after they leave in a hurry?

They want to share with the Stocktons the bomb shelter that is the only one on their street.


Role Play

Directions: The students are required to do a role play based on this part. The main roles are Dr. Stockton, his wife Grace Stockton and his son Paul Stockton; Henderson, Mrs. Henderson; Marty Weiss, Mrs. Weiss; Jerry Harlowe, Mrs. Harlowe. The role play should cover the main points in the story.


1. It turns out that the President’s announcement_____.A) is part of the civil defense programB) is a false alarmC) is intended to frighten the people out of their witsD) is meant to sharpen the people’s vigilance

2. The play reaches the climax when_____.A) the mob marches down the street carrying a giant logB) the mob gathers before the Stockton houseC) the shelter door starts to give under the attackD) the President announces that the suspected missiles have

been identified as satellites

Multiple Choice

KEY

KEY

Directions: Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.


3. Once the crisis has passed, Stockton’s neighbors are eager to live as they used to. This is because they are anxious to _____.

A) get out of the awkward situationB) look as civilized as beforeC) keep up appearances as was their customD) all of the above

4. Most probably the author intends the play as a discussion on ____.A) human natureB) man’s fate in a modern warC) man’s behavioral habitsD) none of the above

KEY

KEY


Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching. Can it shelter all of them? Does its owner let them in? Here is the story ...


SYNOPSIS OF ACT ONE: On a summer evening, a birthday celebration is going on at Dr. Stockton’s. Among those present are his neighbors: the Hendersons, the Weiss’s and the Harlowes. In the midst of it comes unexpectedly over the radio the announcement of the President of the United States declaring a state of emergency for suspected enemy missiles approaching. The party breaks up and the neighbors hurry home.

However, shortly afterwards they return one after another to the Stockton house for the simple reason that they want to survive — want to share with the Stocktons the bomb shelter which is the only one on their street.

The Shelter Rod Serling

SentenceSentence WordWord


ACT TWO (abridged) OUTSIDE STOCKTON HOMEHENDERSON: It’ll land any minute. I just know it. It’s going to land any minute —MRS. HENDERSON: (grabs hold of him) What are we going to do?


Throughout above and following dialogue, a portable radio carried by one of the children carries the following announcement:

ANNOUNCER’S VOICE: This is Conelrad. This is Conelrad. We are still in a state of Yellow Alert. If you are a public official or government employee with an emergency assignment, or a civil defense worker, you should report to your post immediately. If you are a public official or government employee ...

MRS. HARLOWE: Jerry, ask again.


HARLOWE: Don’t waste your time. He won’t let anyone in. He said he didn’t have any room or supplies there and it’s designed for three people.

MRS. HENDERSON: What’ll we do?HARLOWE: Maybe we ought to pick out just one basement and go to work on

it. Pool all our stuff. Food, water, everything.MRS. HARLOWE: It isn’t fair. (she points toward Stockton house) He’s down

there in a bomb shelter completely safe. And our kids have to just wait around for a bomb to drop and —

HENDERSON: Let’s just go down into his basement and break down the door?

A chorus of voices greet this with assent.As HENDERSON rushes through toward the basement entrance, HARLOWE

overtakes him saying:HARLOWE: Wait a minute, wait a minute. All of us couldn’t fit in there. That

would be crazy to even try.WEISS: Why don’t we draw lots? Pick out one family?


HENDERSON: We can all march down there and tell him he’s got the whole street against him. We could do that.

HARLOWE: What good would that do? I keep telling you. Even if we were to break down the door, it couldn’t accommodate all of us. We’d just be killing everybody and for no reason.

MRS. HENDERSON: If it saves even one of these kids out here — I call that a reason.

The voice comes up again.WEISS: Jerry, you know him better than any of us. You’re his best friend.

Why don’t you go down again? Try to talk to him. Plead with him. Tell him to pick out one family — Draw lots or something —

HENDERSON: One family, meaning yours, Weiss, huh?WEISS: (whirls around to him) Why not? I’ve got a three-month-old infant

— MRS. HENDERSON: What difference does that make? Is your baby’s life

any more precious than our kids?SentenceSentence WordWord


HARLOWE: What difference would it make? He won’t let us in.

WEISS: (shouting at her) I never said that. If you’re going to start trying to argue about who deserves to live more than the next one —

HENDERSON: Why don’t you shut your mouth, Weiss? (with a wild, illogical anger) That’s the way it is when the foreigners come over here. Aggressive, greedy, semi-Americans —

WEISS: (his face goes white) Why you garbage-brained idiot you —MRS. HENDERSON: It still goes, Weiss! I bet you’re at the bottom of the list

—WEISS suddenly flings himself through the crowd toward the man and there’s

a brief, hand-to-hand fight between them broken up by HARLOWE who stands between them breathless.

HARLOWE: Keep it up, both of you. Just keep it up. We won’t need a bomb. We can slaughter each other.

MRS. WEISS: (pleading) Marty, go down to Bill’s shelter again. Ask him —WEISS: I’ve already asked him. It wouldn’t do any good.





Once again the siren sounds and the people seem to move closer together, staring up toward the night sky. Off in the distance we see searchlights.

HARLOWE: Searchlights. It must be coming closer.HENDERSON: (as he suddenly pushes HARLOWE

aside and heads for the steps) I’m going down there and get him to open up that door. I don’t care what the rest of you think. That’s the only thing left to do.

MAN #1: He’s right. Come on, let’s do it.INSIDE THE SHELTER

GRACE is holding tight to PAUL. STOCKTON stands close to the door listening to the noises from outside as they approach. There’s a pounding on the shelter door that reverberates.


OUTSIDE THE SHELTERHENDERSON: Bill? Bill Stockton? You’ve got a bunch of your neighbors

out here who want to stay alive. Now you can open the door and talk to us and figure out with us how many can come in there. Or else you can just keep doing what you’re doing — and we’ll fight our way in there.

HARLOWE appears and pushes his way through the group and goes over to the shelter door.

HARLOWE: Bill. This is Jerry. They mean business out here. STOCKTON’S VOICE: And I mean business in here. I’ve already told you,

Jerry. You’re wasting your time. You’re wasting precious time that could be used for something else ... like figuring out how you can survive.

MAN #1: Why don’t we get a big, heavy log to break the door down?HENDERSON: We could go over to Bennett Avenue. Phil Kline has some

giant logs in his basement. I’ve seen them. Let’s get one. And we’ll just tell Kline to keep his mouth shut as to why we want it.



WEISS: Let’s get hold of ourselves. Let’s stop and think for a minute —HENDERSON: (turning to face WEISS) Nobody cares what you think. You or

your kind. I thought I made that clear upstairs. I think the first order of business is to get you out of here.

With this he strikes out, smashing his fist into WEISS’s face in a blow so unexpected and so wild that WEISS, totally unprepared, is knocked against the wall. His wife screams and, still holding the baby, rushes to him. There’s a commotion as several men try to grab the neighbor and HARLOWE is immediately at WEISS’s side trying to help him to his feet. Once again the sirens blast.

HENDERSON: (shouts over the noise and commotion) Come on, let’s get something to smash this door down.

They start out of the cellar toward the steps.



INSIDE THE SHELTERSTOCKTON slowly turns to face his wife. The angry screaming cries of the p

eople ring in their ears even as they depart.GRACE: (looks up) Bill? Who were those people?STOCKTON: (turning to stare toward the door) “Those people?” Those are o

ur neighbors, Grace. Our friends. The people we’ve lived with and alongside for twenty years. (then in a different fixed expression and in a different tone) Come on, Paul. Let’s put stuff up against this door. Everything we can.

The man and boy then start to pile up a barricade, using furniture, the generator, books, any movable object they can get their hands on.

OUTSIDE OF THE SHELTERThe mob marches down the street carrying a large heavy log that is perhaps

fifteen feet long. Their own shouts mix with the sound of the intermittent siren and with the voice of the announcer on the Conelrad station.



ANNOUNCER’S VOICE: We’ve been asked to once again remind the population that they are to remain calm, stay off the streets. This is urgent. Please remain off the streets. Everything possible is being done in the way of protection. But the military and important civil defense vehicles must have the streets clear. So you’re once again reminded to remain off the streets. Remain off the streets!

The minute the mob gathers before the STOCKTON house, they smash into it, carrying the giant log. They move down the cellar steps. As the log smashes into the shelter door, the siren goes up louder and more piercing and it is at this moment that we see both WEISS and HARLOWE join the men on the heavy log to lend their support to it.

INSIDE THE SHELTERSTOCKTON and PAUL lean against it as it starts

to give under the weight, under the pressure. The air is filled with angry shouts, the intermittent siren, the cries of women and children.



INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE SHELTERAnd it all reaches one vast pitch just as the door is forced open. PAUL and ST

OCKTON are pushed back into the shelter and just at this moment the lights go on in the basement. The siren also reaches its top and then suddenly goes off and there is absolute dead silence for a long moment. Then from the portable radio in the corner comes.

ANNOUNCER’S VOICE: This is Conelrad. This is Conelrad. Remain tuned for an important message. Remain tuned for an important message. (a pause) The President of the United States has just announced that the previously unidentified objects have now been definitely identified as being satellites. Repeat. There are no enemy missiles approaching. Repeat, there are no enemy missiles approaching. The objects have been identified as satellites. They are harmless and we are in no danger. Repeat. We are in no danger. The state of emergency has officially been called off. We are in no danger. Repeat. There is no enemy attack. There is no enemy attack.



MRS. WEISS: (her eyes closed and crying softly) Thank God. Oh, thank God.WEISS: (in a whisper, his face bruised and blood clotted) Amen to that.HENDERSON: Hey, Marty ... Marty ... I went crazy. You understand that, don’t

you? I just went crazy. I didn’t mean all the things I said. (he wets his lips, his voice shaking) We were all of us ... we were so scared ... so confused. (he holds out his hands in a gesture) Well, it’s no wonder really, is it? I mean ... well, you can understand why we blew our tops a little —

There’s a murmur of voices, a few half-hearted nods, but they’re all still in a state of shock.

HARLOWE: I don’t think Marty’s going to hold it against you. (then turning to STOCKTON) I just hope Bill won’t hold this — (he points to the wreckage around him) against us. We’ll pay for the damage, Bill. We’ll take up a collection right away.

As STOCKTON walks past them across the cellar and up toward the stairs, all eyes are on him and there’s an absolute dead silence.


WEISS: (his voice shaky and nervous) We could ... we could have a block party or something tomorrow night. A big celebration. I think we deserve one now.

He looks around smiling at the others, a nervous smile born of a carry-over of fear and the realization that something has taken hold of all of them now. Something deadening in its effect and disquieting beyond words. STOCKTON takes a step up on the stairs then stops and turns back toward them. His face is expressionless.

HARLOWE: (with phony laughter desperately trying to relieve situation) Block party’s not a bad idea. (looking around at the others) Anything to get back to normal.

STOCKTON: (looks from face to face and slowly shakes his head) Normal? (a pause) I don’t know. I don’t know what “normal” is. I thought I did, but I don’t any more.

HARLOWE: I told you we’d pay for the damages —



STOCKTON: (stares at him) The damages? (he nods) I wonder if we realize just what those damages are? (he looks from face to face again) Maybe the worst of them was finding out just what we’re like when we’re normal. The kind of people we are. Just underneath the surface. I mean all of us. A lot of naked animals who attach such great importance to staying alive that they claw their neighbors to death just for the privilege. (he leans against the stairway wall, suddenly desperately tired, very softly as he turns away from them) We were spared a bomb tonight ... but I wonder if we weren’t destroyed even without it.

He continues up the steps.






1. Why is an inverted order used here?

It is used to emphasize the adverbial.

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

庆祝活动正在进行时，收音机里出乎意料地传来美国总统的公告，因怀疑敌方导弹可能飞近，宣布全国处于紧急状态。






shelter: n.

SS Several bicycle shelters were set up recently in the residential areas.

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TT

夏天，树可以遮挡太阳。SS

Trees are shelters from the sun in summer.

protection from danger or from wind, rain, hot sun, etc.






in the midst of: be in the middle of, in the course of

SS I saw him in the midst of a crowd.

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TT They are in the midst of cleaning their room.

CF: midst, middle & center这三个名词都有“在……之中”的意思。

midst 指 “在一个群体中（ among ）”。例如：SS We walked into the midst of the forest.TT 我们走进了森林中。

middle 指“中间部分，中部”，但不一定是中心。例如：SS He was in the middle of the street.TT 他在街中间。center 指“场所的正中心”，“中心点”，常用于比喻中心地位。例如：

SS Beijing is the political and cultural center of our country.

TT 北京是我们国家政治和文化中心。

SS 他们正在打扫房间。






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break up: if a meeting or party breaks up, people start to leave; when a school breaks up, it closes for a holiday

SS

The school breaks up on Friday.

TT

讨论直到晚上十点才结束。

SS

The discussion didn’t break up until 10 p.m.

NB: break 除了和 up 组成短语，还可以构成以下短语：

break down

break into

break off

（机器）出了毛病；毁掉

闯入

暂停；中断

break in 打断；插嘴；闯入

break through 突破；冲破







abridge: v. make shorter

SS Aero plane abridges the distance.

TT I have to abridge my stay here.

CF: abridge, shorten & abbreviate这三个动词均含有“缩减”的意思。

abridge 使变短，既可指尺寸，也可指时间。

shorten 删去次要部分而保留其核心部分。

abbreviate 尤指词的缩短，也可指句、文章、时间等的缩短，还可指单词拼法的缩写，常指取一个复合名词的第一个字母。如：WHO, UN 等。

SS 我不得不缩短在这里的逗留时间。

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ACT TWO (abridged) OUTSIDE STOCKTON HOMEHENDERSON: It’ll land any minute. I just know it. It’s going to land

any minute —MRS. HENDERSON: (grabs hold of him) What are we going to do?






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Directions: Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. I have to my stay here.

2. “Hour” is to “hr.”

3. Can you my overcoat?

4. His life was by trouble.

5. The parade was by rain.

abridge_______

abbreviated__________

shorten_______

shortened_________

abridged_________







grab1. v. take an opportunity, accept an invitation, etc. immediately;

take hold of someone or sth. with a sudden or violent movement; quickly and suddenly put out your hand to try and catch or get sth.

SS Grab your chance to travel while you’re still young.

TT The man grabbed my wallet and ran away. SS 那个人抢走我的钱包，逃跑了。

SS The storekeeper grabbed at the thief but missed.

2. n. a sudden attempt to suddenly try to take hold of sth.

Collocations:grab a chancegrab a seatgrab at sb. / sth.

抓住机会强占座位试图抓住……；抢夺……

SS I made a grab at the revolver and shot at the attacker.

TT He made a grab at the money on the counter.SS 他一把抓住柜台上的钱。

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ACT TWO (abridged) OUTSIDE STOCKTON HOMEHENDERSON: It’ll land any minute. I just know it. It’s going to land

any minute —MRS. HENDERSON: (grabs hold of him) What are we going to do?






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Collocations:make / take a grab at / for sth.

be up for grabs

grab bag

抓住（某物）

容易得到的

摸彩袋











Paraphrase the sentence.

Many voices say “yes” to Henderson’s suggestion at the same time.











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overtake: v. catch up with; surpass

SS When I eventually overtook the last truck, I pulled over to the inside lane.

TT China overtook many countries in steel production.

CF: overtake, exceed & surpass这三个动词都含有“超过”意思。

overtake 因移动速度快而赶上并超过路上的车辆、行人或动物。例如：SS He ran out of the door to overtake her.

TT 他冲出门追上了她。

exceed 某事物大于某个数量或数字，还可以表示超越了规定或规则。例如：

SS The driver was punished for exceeding the speed limit.TT 司机因超速而受到惩罚。surpass 较正式用词，指一事物（或人）比另一事物或人好，或者比另

一事物更具有某种特点，也可以指超越某人期望的或能理解的范围。例如：

SS His performance surpassed expectations.TT 他的表演超出了大家的预期。

SS 中国的钢产量超过了许多国家。











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fit in: if sth. fits in with other things, it is similar to them or goes well with them

SS The box is used to fit in the toy.

TT It is a small car and only two of us can fit in.

SS 这辆车很小，只能坐两个人。

NB: fit 除了和 in 组成短语，还可以构成以下短语：

fit into

fit oneself for

fit on

顺应 ; 适合

作好……的准备

装上

fit up 准备；装备

TT 这个盒子是用来装玩具的。






HENDERSON: One family, meaning yours, Weiss, huh?WEISS: (whirls around to him) Why not? I’ve got a three-month-old infant


any more precious than our kids?SentenceSentence WordWord


HARLOWE: What difference would it make? He won’t let us in.






HENDERSON: One family, meaning yours, Weiss, huh?WEISS:(whirls around to him) Why not? I’ve got a three-month-old infant


any more precious than our kids?



1. What mood is used in this sentence?

Subjunctive mood.

2. Why is it used here?

It is used to show that Jerry doesn’t agree with Henderson’s suggestion of breaking the door.











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accommodate: v. if a room, building, etc. can accommodate a particular number of people or things, it has enough space for them

SS The minibus accommodates twelve people quite comfortably.

TT The auditorium can accommodate 20, 000 people.

SS 大礼堂能容纳两万人。

Collocations:

be accommodated at / in a hotel

accommodate sb. for the night

accommodate sth. to sth.

在一家旅店住宿

留某人过夜

使……适应……

accommodate sb. with (a room and a bed)

给某人提供（一个房间、一张床）











plead: v. ask for sth. that you want very much, in a sincere and emotional way

SS When the rent was due, Tom pleaded with the landlady for more time.

TT His parents pleaded with the teacher to give their son another chance.

SS 父母恳求老师再给他们儿子一次机会。

Pattern: plead for sth.plead with sb. (to do sth.) plead + that clause

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CF: plead, beg, pray & appeal这三个动词都含有“恳求”的意思。

plead 意为“恳求”，指迫切而诚恳地请求某人做某事。例如：SS Anne pleaded to go with them.TT 安妮恳求跟他们一起去。beg 意为“恳求，请求”，指急切地请求某人做某事。例如：

SS He begged their forgiveness.TT 他请求得到他们的原谅。pray 意为“祈求”，表示极希望得到某物或某事发生。例如：

SS The whole family is praying for Mike.TT 全家人都在为迈克祈祷。appeal 意为“恳求，呼吁”，指严肃且常常是急切地要求给予所需之

物，尤指钱、援助、同情等，带有尊严感。例如：SS I appealed to his sense of justice.

TT 我企求唤起他的正义感。











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make a / the difference: have an important effect or influence on sth. or sb.

SS It doesn’t make much difference to me whether you go or not.

TT Love really makes a difference sometimes.

SS 爱有时能改变一切。

TT 你去不去对我没有多少影响。










deserve: v. have a right to; be worthy of; be fit for

SS His new novel deserved the high praise it received.

TT Those criminals deserved to be severely punished.

SS 这些罪犯罪有应得。

CF: deserve & worth两个词均有“值得”意思。

deserve 意为“值得”，动词，指由于品德、成就或行动而应该受到奖励、惩罚或某种待遇。例如：

SS He played so well in the game that he deserved the medal. TT 他在比赛中表现如此出色应该得到这枚奖牌。worth 意为“值得”，介词，常指价值方面值钱或因为某事让人愉快、

有益或有用而值得去做，后跟名词、代词或动名词的主动语态，不接不定式。例如：

SS The jewelry worth $450 million was stolen.TT价值 4亿 5千美元的珠宝被偷了。

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Collocations:

deserve attention / consideration

deserve blame / punishment

deserve sympathy

值得注意 /考虑

应该责备 / 惩罚

值得同情

deserve the title 不虚此名

deserve the life 不虚此生










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Collocations:

an aggressive war

an aggressive salesman

be aggressive in sth.

侵略战争有干劲的（有进取心的）推销员

在……方面有进取心

aggressive act 侵略行径

aggressive weapon 进攻性武器

aggressive: adj. behaving in an angry, threatening way, as if you want to fight or attack someone; very determined to succeed or get what you want

SS He is aggressive in pursing new policy.

TT It is good to be a little aggressive in business.

SS 在生意场上有点咄咄逼人是必要的。










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bet: v. used to say that you are fairly sure that sth. is true, sth. is happening, etc., although you cannot prove this

SS I bet it is going to rain this afternoon.

TT I bet Jim will be late again today.

SS 我肯定吉姆今天还会迟到。








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head for: go or travel towards a particular place, especially in a deliberate way; if you are heading for a particular situation, especially a bad one, it seems likely to happen

SS

He headed for London.

TT

他快要退休了。

SS

He is heading for retirement.



WEISS: Let’s get hold of ourselves. Let’s stop and think for a minute —HENDERSON: (turning to face WEISS) Nobody cares what you think. You or

your kind. I thought I made that clear upstairs. I think the first order of business is to get you out of here.

With this he strikes out, smashing his fist into WEISS’s face in a blow so unexpected and so wild that WEISS, totally unprepared, is knocked against the wall. His wife screams and, still holding the baby, rushes to him. There’s a commotion as several men try to grab the neighbor and HARLOWE is immediately at WEISS’s side trying to help him to his feet. Once again the sirens blast.

HENDERSON: (shouts over the noise and commotion) Come on, let’s get something to smash this door down.

They start out of the cellar toward the steps.

1. What is the rhetorical function of this sentence?

It repeats the original insult in a different way rather than express the real surprise that the message has not been understood.

2. Put the sentence into Chinese.

我还以为在上面的时候已经把这一点讲清楚了呢！









depart: v. leave a place, especially when you are starting a journey

SS He departed early in the morning, hoping to get there at noon.

TT The train for Shanghai is due to depart from Platform 5.SS 去上海的列车预定在 5号站台发车。

Collocations:

depart from ….

depart for (a place)

从……出发；偏离 / 放弃……出发前往（某地）




eople ring in their ears even as they depart.GRACE: (looks up) Bill? Who were those people?STOCKTON: (turning to stare toward the door) “Those people?" Those are o





get one’s hands on: find; get possession of

SS In his school days, he read everything he could get his hands on.

SS He got his hands on the dictionary he wanted very much.







What is the grammatical function of “the minute” in this sentence?

It introduces an adverbial clause of time.







remind: v. make sb. remember sth. that they must do; make sb. remember sb. that they know or sth. that happened in the past

SS If I forget, please remind me.SS The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.

TT I reminded him of his promise.

SS 我提醒他许下的诺言。

Pattern: remind sb. of sth. remind sb. to do sth. remind sb. + that-clauseCF: remember, recall, remind & memorize

四个动词都可解释为“想起”remember 意为“记得，想起”，普通用语。可以指通过主

观努力记忆，也指不由自主地记起。recall 意为“回想，使想起”，专指主动追忆。强调心中有感而发。SS The sound of my name recalled me to myself.TT 听到别人叫我的名字让我回过神来。







remind 使想起，提醒。指提醒他人追忆某事。

memorize 意为“记住”，指有意识地努力去记住某事。SS The police had a careful look at the car and tried to

memorize the plate number.TT 警察仔细看了看车子，努力记住车牌号。

SS Oh, that reminds me. I have to go to see the doctor.TT 哦，我想起来了，我得去看医生。

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the four words above in their proper forms.

1. your appointment with the eye doctor.

2. Children can the alphabet easily.

3. As you may , he was in the army then.

4. He was how the readers’ tastes have

changed.

Remember_________

memorize________

recall_____reminded_________







in the way of: in the matter of; as regards to

SS 我恐怕帮不了你什么忙。

SS Ours is a newly built residential district and there isn’t much around here in the way of entertainment.

TT I am afraid I can do nothing in the way of helping you.

NB: way 一词还可以构成以下短语：

in a way

in no way

in one’s own way

在某种程度上，从某一方面看

决不；无论如何都不

自行其事

in one way or another 以某种方式；不管怎样

in the way 妨碍；挡路

in this way 这样




OCKTON are pushed back into the shelter and just at this moment the lights go on in the basement. The siren also reaches its top and then suddenly goes off and there is absolute dead silence for a long moment. Then from the portable radio in the corner comes.





OCKTON are pushed back into the shelter and just at this moment the lights go on in the basement. The siren also reaches its top and then suddenly goes off and there is absolute dead silence for a long moment. Then from the portable radio in the corner comes


call off: stop or give an order to stop; cancel

SS The meeting was called off because the chairman was away on business.

TT 由于主席出差，会议取消了。

call for

call forth

call in

需要；邀请

唤起；引起

召来；来访

call on 号召；呼吁

call up 使想起；打电话

call attention to 引起注意

NB: call 一词还可以构成以下短语：

SS The football match was called off because of heavy rain.








bruise: v. if part of your body bruises or if you bruise part of your body, it gets hit or hurt and a bruise appears; if a piece of fruit bruises or is bruised, it gets a bruise by being hit, dropped, etc.

SS 她摔倒时跌破了头。

SS She bruised her forehead when she fell.

TT Tomatoes bruise easily.

Collocations:

bruise badly

bruise easily

bruise oneself against sth.

伤得很厉害

容易碰伤

在……上碰伤了

get bruised on sth. 在……上碰得鼻青脸肿








scare: v. frighten; make someone feel frightened

SS 这男孩伤得倒不重，只是受惊吓不小。

The boy was more scared than hurt.

The sudden appearance of a dark figure scared the girl into crying.

TT

SS








blow one’s top: (sl.) become very angry; explode with anger

SS 老师发现汤姆上学又迟到了，他非常恼火。

SS It is no secret that Mr. Smith often blows his top at home.

TT The teacher blew his top when he found Tom was late for class again.



WEISS: (his voice shaky and nervous) We could ... we could have a block party or something tomorrow night. A big celebration. I think we deserve one now.

He looks around smiling at the others, a nervous smile born of a carry-over of fear and the realization that something has taken hold of all of them now. Something deadening in its effect and disquieting beyond words. STOCKTON takes a step up on the stairs then stops and turns back toward them. His face is expressionless.

HARLOWE: (with phony laughter desperately trying to relieve situation) Block party’s not a bad idea. (looking around at the others) Anything to get back to normal.

STOCKTON: (looks from face to face and slowly shakes his head) Normal? (a pause) I don’t know. I don’t know what “normal” is. I thought I did, but I don’t any more.

HARLOWE: I told you we’d pay for the damages —

1. What is the grammatical function of “born of” ?

“Born of” modifies the noun “smile.”

2. Put the sentences into Chinese.

他看看四周，又朝大家笑笑，但他的微笑显得那样紧张，一则因为他心有余悸，再则因为他感到此刻有什么东西控制了每个人，这种东西令人沮丧，令人难以名状地不安。





Does “damages” means money in Stockon’s eyes? If not, what does it mean?

“Damages” in Stockon’s eyes doesn’t mean money or compensation at all. The real meaning of “damages” here is the lost friendship and friendliness among neighbors.





attach importance to: consider sth. to be important

SS 我国政府十分重视教育。

SS The new mayor attached great importance to helping the disabled in our society.

TT Our government attaches great importance to education.


1. Useful Expressions

2. Summary Writing

3. Discussion

4. Multiple Choice

5. Dictation

6. Writing Practice

7. Talk about the Pictures

8. Proverbs and Quotations

1. 紧急状态

2. 解散

3. 民防

4. 容纳

5. 抓阄

6. 朝……方向走

7. 当真

8. 控制自己

state of emergency

break up

civil defense

fit in

draw lots

head for

mean business

get hold of oneself

Useful Expressions


9. 死一般的寂静

10. 不明物体

11. 取消

12. 大发脾气

13. 恢复正常

14. 弄清楚

15. 有关系，有影响

16. 强调……的重要性

dead silence

unidentified objects

call off

blow one’s top

get back to normal

figure out

make a / the difference

attach importance to…


17. 不久以后

18. 一个接一个

19. 直接交手的

20. 把……弄到手

shortly afterwards

one after another

hand to hand

get one’s hands on



Summary Writing

One summer evening a birthday party ( 正在进行 ) at Dr. Stockton’s. The families present had been neighbors and friends for many years. ( 在欢庆的过程中 )

, they heard an urgent radio announcement ( 宣布紧急状态 ) : enemy missiles had been identified ( 飞临美国 ) . Neighbors began to ( 匆匆赶回家 ) . But they returned immediately. They wanted to ( 分享 ) Stockton’s bomb shelter which (只能容纳三个人 ) and also was the only one in the street. They (恳求 ) the Stocktons, but were refused. The angry neighbors (拿了一根大木头 ) and ( 砸开 ) the door of the shelter. Just then, the radio announced that ( 刚才的警报是个错误的警报 )

and that no missiles were coming.

was going on___________

In the midst of their joyous celebrations________________________________declaring a state of emergency_________________________

approaching the United States_________________________ hurry home___________share______

could only accommodate three people_______________________________pleaded with__________

got hold of a huge log__________________ broke down__________

the previous warning was a false alarm_______________________________


Discussion

1. What does Stockton mean when he comments, “We were spared a bomb tonight… but I wonder if we weren’t destroyed even without it”?

2. What is the author’s attitude towards human nature as revealed in the play?3. Does the theme have universal application? Why or why not?

1. Someone shouted______ his lecture. A) in the presence B) at the sight of C) in the midst of D) at the point of

2. Your advices will certainly ______ in our cause. A) take an effect B) make difference C) have influence D) make a distinction

Before Reading Global Reading

Multiple Choice

KEY

KEY

Directions: Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.

Detailed Reading After Reading

3. Although I haven’t seen him for 10 years, I recognized him_____ I saw him.

4. “ Give me another chance,” the boy pleaded _____the boss.

A) the pointB) the timeC) the secondD) the minute


KEY

KEY A) withB) toC) forD) at


5. We saw him _______ us, so we stopped and waited for him.

6. By the angry look on his face, we know that he______ business.

A) walking forB) looking forC) heading forD) searching for


KEY

KEY A) talkedB) didC) meantD) said


7. He is rich ____ the way_____ knowledge.

8. There is a wedding ____ at the church.

A) in / ofB) by / ofC) of / forD) on / of


KEY

KEY A) taking onB) carrying onC) keeping onD) going on


9. At the final sprint, he ____ the lead runner.

10. The local government _____ much importance____ the agriculture.

A) overranB) overmatchedC) overpassedD) overtook


KEY

KEY A) gives / toB) adds / toC) attaches / toD) put / on



is one of the several methods of telling a story. It differs from the in that the stories in the drama are not told directly by the author but are

acted on a stage by before an audience. Strictly speaking, a printed play is not a play until it is acted. So, when reading plays, we must seeing and hearing the in action.

Most agree that the essence of drama is . A is a clash of actions, ideas, desires or wills. It may happen in different forms, man against man, man against environment or man himself. The becomes more and more intensified as the play moves on to its climax, the point of the greatest excitement or tension. When the story is over, we are able to see what it all amounts to or what the playwright has been gradually throughout the play. Only then can we define and assess the , a kind of generalization about life embodied in the story.

Dictation

Drama______novel______

actors______

imagine______characters_________

critics______ conflict_______

against _______

conflict_______

conflict_______

disclosing_________theme______

■


Writing Practice


1. Introduction

邀请信是书信写作中常见的主题之一，常用的句型有： 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)6)7) 8) 9) 10)

Why don’t you come to…How about coming to…I think it would be a good idea if…I’d really like you to…Is there any chance of your coming?I wonder if you could come…I’d like to ask you to come…Can you come over and join us?I would very much like you to come to …Could we have the honor of your presence at …?



Dear sir / madam, 　　　 (ORGANIZATION)… would very much like to have someone from your company speak at our conference on… ( TOPIC).　　　 As you may be aware that the mission of our association is to promote… (WHAT). Many of our members are interested in the achievements your company has made.　　　 (Enclosed)… is our preliminary schedule for the conference which will be reviewed in weeks. I’ll call you… (DATE) to see who from your company would be willing to speak to us. I can assure you that we’ll make everything convenient to the speaker.

Sincerely yours,　 (NAME)

2. An Example



3. Homework

You have just prepared a get-together party for your former classmates in your middle school. Write a letter to invite them to join your party.



Talk about the Pictures


Proverbs and Quotations

1. As a long journey tests a horse’s strength, so a long acquaintance shows a man’s heart.

路遥知马力，日久见人心。

2. The cross on the breast and the devil in the heart.

胸前挂十字，心中怀鬼胎。

3. Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends.

不幸可以考验朋友的真诚。


暗处最能反映一个人真正品格。

—— 美国教士穆迪

5. Personality is to a man what perfume is to a flower. — Schwab USA Businessman

品格之于人，犹如芳香之于花。 —— 美国实业家施瓦布


4. Character is what you are in the dark. — Moody USA churchman


1. listening comprehension 2. background information civil defense the conelrad 3. warm-up questions...

Documents

global terrorism

causes of terrorism

civil defense slide

terrorism challenges

madrid conference place

civil society

international cooperation

european way