unit 6 text i predators, parasites and other relationships text ii slaughter of the elephant
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 6
Text I Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships
Text II Slaughter of the Elephant
Pre-reading Activity
Structure
Vocabulary Acquisition
Intensive Reading
Answer the Questions Orally
Text 1: Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships
1.Look up the following words in the dictionary.
2.What subjects do you think this text is about?
3.What type of writing is it? What do you
anticipate?
1.Look up the following words in the dictionary.
2.What subjects do you think this text is about?
3.What type of writing is it? What do you
anticipate?
Text I Pre-reading Activity
Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships
1. Predator: a wild animal that lives on other
animals by killing and eating them
Parasite: a plant or animal that lives on or in
another and gets food from it
Ecosystem: a system which relates all the
plants, animals and people in an area to their
surroundings
2. The title of the text strongly suggests that it
is an expository piece of writing on ecology.
1. Predator: a wild animal that lives on other
animals by killing and eating them
Parasite: a plant or animal that lives on or in
another and gets food from it
Ecosystem: a system which relates all the
plants, animals and people in an area to their
surroundings
2. The title of the text strongly suggests that it
is an expository piece of writing on ecology.
Text I Pre-reading Activity
Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships
This is Earth and Sky. When you look at a farm or a ranch, you might think to yourself, that’s where _____ or _____ products come from. You might see ______ that goes into clothing, or wood for paper, construction or fuel. But Scott Swinton, agricultural economist from Michigan State University sees more. He knows that agricultural lands______ air and water, ______ greenhouse gases, and provide _______ for wild plants and animals. These extra _______ are ones that some ecologists have called ecosystem services. And ecosystem services are really just things that ecosystems provide that humans care about and that we like. Ecosystem services may not be bought and sold in a marketplace. But they have ______. Swinton is planning a survey of Michigan citizens to ask what they'd pay for ecosystem services such as reduced erosion or runoff or more greenhouse gas storage. It’s part of an effort to understand the value on ecosystem services. Swinton also wants to understand how ______ farming practices affect the ecosystem services that a piece of land provides. And then finally with those kinds of things understood, we can think about designing policy ________ for farmers to produce more of these ecosystem services.
This is Earth and Sky. When you look at a farm or a ranch, you might think to yourself, that’s where _____ or _____ products come from. You might see ______ that goes into clothing, or wood for paper, construction or fuel. But Scott Swinton, agricultural economist from Michigan State University sees more. He knows that agricultural lands______ air and water, ______ greenhouse gases, and provide _______ for wild plants and animals. These extra _______ are ones that some ecologists have called ecosystem services. And ecosystem services are really just things that ecosystems provide that humans care about and that we like. Ecosystem services may not be bought and sold in a marketplace. But they have ______. Swinton is planning a survey of Michigan citizens to ask what they'd pay for ecosystem services such as reduced erosion or runoff or more greenhouse gas storage. It’s part of an effort to understand the value on ecosystem services. Swinton also wants to understand how ______ farming practices affect the ecosystem services that a piece of land provides. And then finally with those kinds of things understood, we can think about designing policy ________ for farmers to produce more of these ecosystem services.
Text I Listening Practice
corn dairycotton
filter storehabitat
benefits
value
specific
incentives
Now, please underline the key words or
phrases.
Now, please underline the key words or
phrases.
Text I List of key words of each paragraph
1. Predators include lions, wolves, robins, frogs, humans, etc.2. Humans are the greatest predators known3. Predators do not really have an easy time killing defenseless
prey.
Now, please underline the key words or
phrases.
Now, please underline the key words or
phrases.
Text I List of key words of each paragraph
4. Parasites often spend an entire lifetime with their hosts.
5. Man makes use of predators and parasites to control the number of
some pests. This is called biological control.
6. Parasites and their hosts are closely associated with each other, and
that is an example of symbiosis.
Text I Structure
Exposition
To support a generalization with a specific case
To support an abstraction with a concrete instance
To develops his material by offering examples and details
To use the common method Of illustrating an idea
by examples
Text I Vocabulary Acquisition
Write down the definition of each word that fits the context.
1. carnivore (L.4)
2. prey on (L.17)
3. superb (L.25)
4. array (L.13)
5. species (L.25)
6. ad infinitum (L.38)
7. deliberately (l.42)
A flesh-eating animal
Hunt an animal of any kind
excellent
A collection
A group of plants or animals of the same kind
Without end, forever (Latin)
On purpose, intentionally
Some predators, carnivores such as lions…
1. A flesh-eating animal. 食肉动物2. Any of various predatory, flesh-eating mammals of the order
Carnivora, including the dogs, cats, bears, weasels, hyenas, and raccoons.
食肉动物：食肉目各种食肉性哺乳动物的一种，包括狗、猫、熊、鼬、鬣狗以及浣熊
3. An insectivorous plant. 食虫植物
n. adj. carnivorous
Sometimes individual predators do prey upon farm animals…
v. ~ on / upon
1. To hunt, catch, or eat as prey: 捕食
2. To victimize or make a profit at someone else's expense.
使…成为牺牲品：使…成为牺牲品或以损害他人谋利
3. To plunder or pillage. 抢劫或抢夺
4. To exert a baneful or injurious effect: 折磨，使痛苦
prey: v.&n.
Sometimes individual predators do prey upon farm animals…
n. 1. An animal hunted or caught for food; quarry. 捕获物，猎物 2. One that is defenseless, especially in the face of attack; a
victim. 牺牲品 3. The act or practice of preying. 捕猎，捕食词组：
1) be [become, fall] a prey to 成了 ... 的受害者 , 受 ... 的折磨
2) easy prey 容易捕获的猎物 ; 容易上钩者 ; 头脑简单的人
3) make a prey of 把 ... 当作食物 [ 猎获物 ]
4) seek after one's prey 寻食 ; 寻求战利品
prey upon
Please translate:
我不知道在动物世界里是否总是弱肉强食。
I don’t know if it is always the case in the animal world that strong
er animals prey upon the weaker ones.
People usually believe that predators have an easy time of it, killing defenseless prey.
Please paraphrase:
People usually think that predators do not have to make an effort to
kill the prey animals, since they prey have no means of protecting
themselves.
… strength and size, and formidable claws and teeth…
formidable: adj.
1) Arousing fear, dread, or alarm: 可怕的：引起恐惧或忧虑的： E.g. the formidable prospect of major surgery.
2) Inspiring awe, admiration, or wonder:
不可思议的：引起敬畏、钦佩或惊奇的：3) Difficult to undertake, surmount, or defeat:
难对付的：难以完成、克服或对付的： E.g. a formidable challenge; a formidable opponent.
My experience shows quite the contrary --the tiger has to work quiet hard for its meals,… I estimate that, for every wild prey killed, the tiger makes twenty to thirty unsuccessful attempts.
Please paraphrase:
What I have gone through proves quiet opposite, i.e., the tiger has
to make a real effort to get something to cat. I would say that in
order to catch one wild animal, the tiger has to try to make twenty
to thirty attempts.
If the wolf could capture prime, healthy prey, it…
prime
1. most important [synonym] main
e.g. 吸烟是引起肺病的主要原因。 Smoking is the prime cause of lung disease.
我们主要关切是为所有毕业生提供工作岗位。 Our prime concern is providing jobs for all the graduates.
2. of the very best quality or kind
The hotel is in a prime location overlooking the valley.
3. be a prime candidate/target (for something)
Old people are a prime target for thieves.
4. prime example
Blakey Hall is a prime example of a 19th century building.
So, naturalists observe, a fleaHath smaller fleas than he on him prey;And these have smaller still to bite’ em,And so proceed ad infinitum.
Please paraphrase:
Naturalists have observed that fleas have smaller fleas living on
and feeding off them, and these have even smaller fleas on them.
This phenomenon continues almost indefinitely.
扁虱扁虱
fungi: n. 真菌 , 菌类 singular : fungus bacteria: n. 细菌 singular: bacterium adj. bacteria-free 无菌的flatworm: n. 扁形虫tick: n. 〈动〉扁虱mite: n. 螨类
Since there are many parasitic fungi, bacteria, flatworms, insects, ticks, and mites.
mongoose
in hopes that… 希望着
In the hope of 希望能
e.g. We came to the island in the hope of finding a simpler
way of life.
in vain hope 幻想地 , 空想地
last hope 最后的希望或被寄托最后希望的人
live in hope(s) 仍然希望情况会好转
lose all hope(s) 完全失望
elm spanworm
bluebird
… controlling the importation of plants and animals to the U.S.
importation: n. 反： exportation
1. The act or business of importing. 进口：进口的生意或行为2. The condition or process of being imported.
进口：进口的状态或过程3. Something imported; an import. 输入物，进口货
词组：
duty-free importation 免税进口
foreign capital importation 引进外资
unilateral importation [exportation] 单边进 [ 出 ] 口
Fish caller remoras attach themselves to sharks. They get a free ride and eat fragments of the sharks’ food.
Please paraphrase:
Remoras, a type of fish, cling themselves to sharks, go where the
sharks go and eat bits of sharks’ food.
There are many other commensal relationships in the sea.
commensal : adj. & n. Adj. Of, relating to, or characterized by a symbiotic relationship
in which one species is benefited while the other is unaffected. 共栖的，共生的
n. An organism participating in a symbiotic relationship in which one species derives some benefit while the other is unaffected. 共生生物
…animals that depend on the host for shelter or food scraps.
scrape: n. & v.
n. 1. A small piece or bit; a fragment. 小块，少许；碎片 2. scraps Leftover bits of food. scraps 残羹剩饭 3. Discarded waste material, especially metal suitable for reproc
essing. 废料：尤指可以回收的废金属
v.tr. （及物动词） 1. To break down into parts for disposal or salvage. 打碎 2. To discard as worthless; junk. 废弃；抛弃
The organism that make up a lichen couldn’t survive long apart.
Please paraphrase:
The organisms that a lichen is composed of could not live long separately.
1. Why is the killing of elephants in some areas necessary?
2. Why do some hunters refuse to school an elephant?
3. Why is the planned mass slaughter of five thousand elepha
nts in the Tsavo Game Park justified?
4. In what way is an elephant different from other animals?
5. What is humane about the method used for killing elephant
s?
6. What does” the affairs of men” mean?
7. What is the author’s attitude towards the slaughter of the e
lephants? What do you think of this attitude?
1. Why is the killing of elephants in some areas necessary?
2. Why do some hunters refuse to school an elephant?
3. Why is the planned mass slaughter of five thousand elepha
nts in the Tsavo Game Park justified?
4. In what way is an elephant different from other animals?
5. What is humane about the method used for killing elephant
s?
6. What does” the affairs of men” mean?
7. What is the author’s attitude towards the slaughter of the e
lephants? What do you think of this attitude?
Text II Extensive Reading Questions
Slaughter of the Elephants
Important words:
1. Slaughter2. Contemplate (L.2)3. Understandable (L.3)4. Beast (L. 3)5. Fascination (L.4)6. Magnificent (L.5)7. Tread (L.6)8. Death throes (L.8)9. Justification (L.12)10. Massacre (L. 12) 11. air-to-ground radio (L. 17)12. fatal / instantaneously (L.19)13. humane (L.20)
14.Retreat (L.21)15.Density (L.23)16.Allocate (L.24)17.Diminish (L.25)18.Encroach (L.26)19.Altitude (L.29)20.Appetite (L.30)21.Spray (L.36)22.Drift (L.42)
Text II Practice
Workbook, Page 81, Comprehension
Oral Work
For or Against?
Chen Ling and Yuan Hua are roommates. Chen Lin
g has read an article in today’s newspaper on “For or Ag
ainst Killing wolves”. Chen tells Yuan about it and, as the
y have different opinions, they begin to argue.
Oral Work
A Discussion on the Nuclear Power Station
Here are some expressions which can be used to show
disagreement:
I don’t think so.
But it/ you can’t be…
You are wrong.
It certainly isn’t …
I never. / I don’t agree./ That’s not true. / That’s not the point.
Why should they...?
I doubt if that would work.
What do you say to the argument that…?
Précis Writing
Practice: write précis of Atomic Cars
A.Working in groups of two or three, choose the
opening sentence from among the following on
P75.
B.Working in groups and decide which of the
following details are necessary for the précis.
Paragraph Writing
Argument: P75
1) What is the usage of argument?
2) How many courses are there in an argument?
Letter Writing
Asking a Favor: P76
Write a letter asking a favor.
Writer,
Addressee,
Introduction,
Purpose,
Conclusion,
Ending…
Listening Comprehension
Dictation
Listening
Listening Dictation A
Useful Words and Expressions: * visual artist 视觉艺术家* selection n. 选择 , 挑选* countless adj. 无数的 , 数不尽的* exceptional adj. 例外的 , 异常的 a man of exceptional talent 具有特殊才能的人 exceptional weather 异常的气候 exceptional promotion 破格提升* motion n . 运动 , 动作* response n. 响应 , 反应 call forth no response in sb’s breast 在某人心中不起反应 in response to 响应 , 反应 make no response 不回答* indicate vt. 显示 , 象征* contemporary adj. 当代的 , 同时代的* without reference to adv. 不论 , 与……无关
Listening Dictation A
ArtistsEvery artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want to say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before. What visual artists, like painters, want to say is easy to make out but difficult to explain, because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors, not words. They seem to feel that a certain se1ection of shapes and colors, out of the countless billions possible, is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us. Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and response ； their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern, that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects. (156 words)
Listening Dictation B
Useful Words and Expressions: * professional adj. 专业的 , 职业的 professional knowledge 专业知识 professional men 专家 ( 尤指医生、律师等 )
a professional singer 职业歌唱家* be named for 被指定作* resident n. 居民* enthusiastically adv. 热心地 , 狂热地* stand for v . 代表 , 象征 * be short for 是…的简称* association n. 协会 , 联合* pastime n . 消遣 , 娱乐 Swimming is my favorite pastime. * specialized 专门的 specialize one’s studies 使研究专门化
specialize in agriculture 专攻农业
Listening Dictation BProfessional Sports in the U.S.
Professional sports are not only very popular in the United States, but also a big business. The most popular sports are baseball, football and basketball. Each sport has its own season and individual teams have millions of supporters. Professional teams are named for the cities where they are located. For example, the Lakers are in Los Angeles. The strongest supporters of the Lakers are residents of Los Angeles and southern California. When the Lakers play, many people in Los Angeles enthusiastically follow the game. When we mention “NBA”, almost every one knows it has some relationship with U.S. professional basketball. However, what does it really stand for? N.B.A. is short for the National Basketball Association. The NBA is gaining new fans and supporters around the world. Basketball is another popular American sport. In the U.S., basketball has been called the “national pastime”. However, football is the most popular professional sport in the U.S. American football is different from international football, which Americans call “soccer”. Both games require strength and specialized skills. (171 words)