Unit 6: The Age of Imperialism and World War I (1890-1918)

Presidents McKinley, Teddy Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson:

Imperialism in East Asia and Latin America

Bell Ringer - A New World Power

At the end of the Spanish-American War, the U.S. had accomplished its goal of becoming a world power, a role we still retain today.

What problems have we faced as a nation historically because of the role we play in the rest of the world?

The Filipino Insurrection (1898 – 1902)

Emilio Aguinaldo launches guerilla war against U.S.Very brutal conflict and U.S. used harsh tactics to put down rebellionAguinaldo captured in 19015,000 U.S. and 200,000 Filipinos died (most were civilians)

An “Open Door” to ChinaMany nations wanted “spheres of influence” in China for trade rights1899- Sec. State John Hay wrote “Open Door” notes to Europe’s leadersOpen Door Policy would ensure U.S. equal access to China’s marketsHe was basically ignored.

The Boxer Rebellion of 1900In the spring, Chinese Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (the “Boxers”) rebelled against foreigners300 foreigners and Christian Chinese were massacredUS sent 2000 troops with 20,000 multi-national force to crush rebellionEurope’s leaders agree to Open Door Policy

The Assassination of McKinleyMcKinley was easily re-elected in 1900 with war hero Theodore Roosevelt as his Vice President

Sept. 6, 1901 anarchist Leon Czolgosz assassinates President McKinley

T.R. becomes President 8 days later

The “Modern Presidency” is born

T.R. was an Imperialist and wanted U.S. to continue to grow as world power

TR’s ResumeHarvard grad - 1880NY State Legislator – 3 termsRancher in Dakota Territory until 1886Civil Service Commission & Police Commissioner in NYAsst. Sec. of NavyWar HeroGovernor of NYExiled to Vice PresidencyPresident 1901-1909

42 years & 11 monthsYoungest President Ever

Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy“Walk softly and carry a big stick”U.S. had to accept challenge of empire and be an international leaderSocial DarwinsimUse military force when diplomacy fails

U.S. Policy in Puerto RicoForaker Act (1900) – civil gov’t where U.S. President appointed a governor & part of leg. Insular Cases – S.C. determined that P. Ricans didn’t have all rights of U.S. citizensJones-Shafroth Act (1917) – same rights as U.S. citizensU.S. Protectorate today & Commonwealth (1952)

Cuba Becomes a U.S. ProtectorateTeller Amendment (1898) – No annex!U.S. Army remained until 1902Platt Amendment (1903) – Cuba couldn’t sign treaties with other nations unless U.S. approved and leased us naval base at Guantanamo Bay so we could protect the canal zone!

The Panama Canal1902 – U.S. purchased French assets in Panama for $40 million via Spooner ActUS supported revolution in Panama to free it from Colombia in 19031904 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty gave US rights to 10 mile-wide, 46 mile-long canal zone for $10 Million + $250,000 a year rentT.R. boasted, “I took the canal zone…”

The Panama Canal CompletedBuilt from 1904-1914Dr. William Gorgas helped defeat malaria35,000 workers from 80 nations5,000 deaths8,000 miles saved from S.D., CA – N.Y.C. 9 Hours to get through it!1979 ceded back to Panama

Panama Canal Time Lapse

Bell Ringer – Imperialism Under McKinley and T. Roosevelt1. T or F: More American soldiers died during the

Filipino Insurrection than during the Spanish-American War.

2. T or F: During the late 1800s, the U.S. pursued an Open Door Policy with Russia.

3. T or F: The Boxers in China rebelled because of the Chinese government’s harsh treatment of Christian missionaries.

4. T or F: Theodore Roosevelt served as Governor of NY prior to becoming Vice President of the U.S. in 1900.

5. T or F: President Roosevelt “took the Canal Zone” by aiding a rebellion in Panama vs. Colombia.

Roosevelt Settles the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)

Japan & Russia go to war over influence in China1904 Japan humiliates Russian fleet at Port Arthur, China1905 TR wins Nobel Peace Prize for Treaty of Portsmouth, NHShowed increased role of U.S. in world affairs

Roosevelt Updates the Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine

(1823) – No new European colonies in W. HemisphereRoosevelt Corollary (1905) – U.S. is policeman of W. Hemisphere – this will keep order and Europe out of our neighborhood

The “Gentlemen’s Agreement”1906 SF,CA banned Asian children from public schoolsJapanese newspapers demanded action1907 -TR reached agreement to end segregation in S.F. while Japan would restrict emigration to the U.S.

T.R.’s “Great White Fleet”1907 – TR concerned about Japanese expansion in Asia at the expense of China, Russia, and KoreaHe flexes U.S. muscle when he sends 16 new U.S. battleships around world on a “good will cruise”1908 – It makes a special stop in Japan

Exit Slip – U.S. Imperialism in East Asia and Latin America

1. The U.S. fought a costly war from 1899-1902 after winning it from Spain?a. Cuba b. China c. The Philippines d. Vietnam

2. The U.S. wanted an Open Door Policy in this nation?a. Japan b. China c. Vietnam d. Korea

3. President Roosevelt sent U.S. troops to support a revolt against this nation because he wanted a canal across Panama?a. Argentina b. Brazil c. Colombia d. Venezuela

4. A Gentlemen’s Agreement was reached between the U.S. and _______ to settle the issue of segregated schools in SF,CA.a. Cuba b. China c. Spain d. Japan

President Taft’s Dollar DiplomacyTaft was T.R.’s “handpicked” successor Put down the “Big Stick” and substitute $$$ for bullets in Asia and Latin AmericaIt encouraged American investmentU.S. had to use force at times and it really failed

President Wilson’s Moral DiplomacyWilson (D) – Anti-imperialist at heartU.S. would never again seek “one square foot” of territory and we would promote “natural rights” and self-determinationStill we intervened in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico

Wilson sends U.S. troops to MexicoMexican dictator Porfirio Diaz was friendly to U.S. businesses but he was overthrown by revolution in 19111913 F. Madero was killed by V. Huerta, but Wilson wanted V. Carranza who opposed Huerta1914 Wilson sent U.S. Marines to Veracruz, Mexico and Huerta’s government collapsed

The Hunt for Pancho VillaRevolutionary Pancho Villa, angry b/c Carranza was slow to bring about change, raided Columbus, N.M. in 1916 and killed 18 AmericansWilson sent General John J. Pershing + 10,000 troops to find him11 month search, 400 miles into Mexico, called off in March 1917 as WW I raged in EuropeVilla was killed by unknown assassins in 1923

Exit Slip – The U.S. in Latin America1. T or F – President Taft’s foreign policy

can be described as mild and ineffective.2. T or F – President Wilson involved U.S.

troops in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico.

3. T or F – President Wilson could be described as Roosevelt’s “hand-picked successor.”

4. T or F – Pancho Villa was apprehended by U.S. troops in 1917 and executed for murder.