Unit 6Unit 6

Animal IntelligenceAnimal Intelligence

What Animal Really What Animal Really ThinkThink

Part 1 ObjectivesPart 1 Objectives Part 2Part 2 Discussion Discussion Part 3Part 3 Language Points Language Points Part 4Part 4 Content QuestionsContent Questions Part 5Part 5TranslationTranslation

Part 1 ObjectivesPart 1 Objectives 1.1. understand the main idea --- some understand the main idea --- some

animals seem capable of thinking animals seem capable of thinking when it is in their own interests to when it is in their own interests to do sodo so

2.2.    appreciate the importance of eg. appreciate the importance of eg. in expositionin exposition

3.3.    language points language points 4.4.    four skills four skills   

Part 2 DiscussionPart 2 Discussion

1. Ranking1. Ranking (1)  T dictates the following names of (1)  T dictates the following names of

animals to Ss pig, hen, dog, dolphin, animals to Ss pig, hen, dog, dolphin, elephant, monkey, rat, parrot, cat, elephant, monkey, rat, parrot, cat, ant.ant.

(2)  Ss form groups to rank those (2)  Ss form groups to rank those animals according to their animals according to their intelligence, and get ready to explain intelligence, and get ready to explain the rational behind the ranking. Ss the rational behind the ranking. Ss may cite eg., anecdotes, personal may cite eg., anecdotes, personal experiences, scientific findings, etc.experiences, scientific findings, etc.

(3) (3) T invites speakers for several T invites speakers for several groups to report to the class groups to report to the class

(4) T leads in to the text by (4) T leads in to the text by saying saying As you all agree, animals As you all agree, animals do display intelligence in some do display intelligence in some areas. Let’s read the text and find areas. Let’s read the text and find out more eg. of animal out more eg. of animal intelligence intelligence

Part 3 Language PointsPart 3 Language Points Only to (do sth.)Only to (do sth.) is often used to indicate that sb. is often used to indicate that sb.

did sth. with a disappointing or surprising result. did sth. with a disappointing or surprising result. InfinitiveInfinitive toto functions as result adverbial. functions as result adverbial.

only to be met with a blank stareonly to be met with a blank stare eg. 1) He hurried to the railway station, only to eg. 1) He hurried to the railway station, only to

find that the train had left. 2) He had once tried find that the train had left. 2) He had once tried inviting her out, only to meet with a rather cool inviting her out, only to meet with a rather cool response.response.

even if their horizons are more limited even if their horizons are more limited than ours.than ours. even though they can't even though they can't assess the world in the same way as we assess the world in the same way as we do because of more limited knowledge do because of more limited knowledge and experience.and experience.

1.intelligence1.intelligenceability to learn and understand ability to learn and understand eg. 1) Do computers have any intelligence?eg. 1) Do computers have any intelligence? 2) Don't act like such an idiot — use your 2) Don't act like such an idiot — use your

intelligence. intelligence. ((intelligent)intelligent) a. a. eg. 1) intelligent computer eg. 1) intelligent computer

2) Even if you are intelligent, you can't be an 2) Even if you are intelligent, you can't be an excellent student without working hard.)excellent student without working hard.)

2.controversy2.controversy a lot of discussion and a lot of discussion and argument about sth., often involving argument about sth., often involving strong feelings of anger or strong feelings of anger or disapproval (followed by disapproval (followed by overover or or aboutabout) )

eg. There is a fierce / bitter/ heated eg. There is a fierce / bitter/ heated controversy over the publishing of controversy over the publishing of his book.his book.

3. 3. surroundsurround be or go all around (sth. be or go all around (sth. or sb.)or sb.)

eg. 1) The village was surrounded by eg. 1) The village was surrounded by desert. So the villagers had to desert. So the villagers had to abandon it and move to other areas.abandon it and move to other areas.

2) The baby was sitting on the floor 2) The baby was sitting on the floor surrounded by toys.surrounded by toys.

4. explore4. explore 1) examine thoroughly, learn 1) examine thoroughly, learn aboutabout

eg. The engineers have already explored eg. The engineers have already explored the possibility of building a bridge over the possibility of building a bridge over the river.the river.

2) travel over (a region, area, etc.) for the 2) travel over (a region, area, etc.) for the purpose of discovery purpose of discovery

eg. a) Both adults and children find it eg. a) Both adults and children find it exciting to explore space. exciting to explore space.

b) The man will explore the Sahara b) The man will explore the Sahara desert on foot.desert on foot.

5. obvious5. obvious easy to see and understand; easy to see and understand; clearclear

eg. 1) It must be obvious to everyone that eg. 1) It must be obvious to everyone that he's lying. he's lying.

2) It is obvious that the Chinese women's 2) It is obvious that the Chinese women's soccer team will defeat the American soccer team will defeat the American women's team.women's team.

6. reveal6. reveal make (sth.) knownmake (sth.) known eg. A survey of the Chinese diet has eg. A survey of the Chinese diet has

revealed that a growing number of revealed that a growing number of children in cities are overweight.children in cities are overweight.

7. convince7. convince make (sb.) feel sure by the make (sb.) feel sure by the use of argument or evidence (used in the use of argument or evidence (used in the patterns patterns convince sb. of sthconvince sb. of sth., ., convince sb. convince sb. thatthat) )

eg. 1) His parents managed to convince eg. 1) His parents managed to convince him that teaching was the most suitable him that teaching was the most suitable profession for him.profession for him.

2) We finally convinced the police of our 2) We finally convinced the police of our innocence. innocence.

((be convinced)be convinced) feel certain that sth. is true feel certain that sth. is true eg. I was convinced that we were doing eg. I was convinced that we were doing

the right thing.)the right thing.)

8.8.dominant dominant 1)1) ruling; stronger, more ruling; stronger, more powerful, or more noticeable than other powerful, or more noticeable than other people or things people or things

eg. Charlie Chaplin was a dominant eg. Charlie Chaplin was a dominant figure in the American film industry. figure in the American film industry.

2) a dominant position 2) a dominant position 统治地位统治地位

9. 9. negotiatenegotiate discuss in order to come to an discuss in order to come to an agreement (used in the patterns agreement (used in the patterns negotiate/or negotiate/or sth., negotiate to do sth., negotiate with sbsth., negotiate to do sth., negotiate with sb .).)

eg. The government refused to negotiate with eg. The government refused to negotiate with terrorists. terrorists.

10. maintain10. maintain continue to do or have (sth.)continue to do or have (sth.) eg. 1) Our department maintains close eg. 1) Our department maintains close

contacts with the IT industry. contacts with the IT industry. 2) The taxi driver and his friend Ed 2) The taxi driver and his friend Ed

maintained their friendship for over 30 maintained their friendship for over 30 years. years.

11. relieve11. relieve free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc.; ease free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc.; ease (pain, anxiety, etc.) (used in the pattern (pain, anxiety, etc.) (used in the pattern relieve sb. relieve sb. of sthof sth.).)

eg.eg. 1) Taking a part-time job would relieve you of 1) Taking a part-time job would relieve you of the financial burden. the financial burden.

2) Drugs can relieve much of the pain.2) Drugs can relieve much of the pain. 12. 12. undertakeundertake carry out; take upon oneself (a carry out; take upon oneself (a

task, etc.)task, etc.) eg.eg. 1) The United Nations was supposed to 1) The United Nations was supposed to

undertake the role of global peace-keeper.undertake the role of global peace-keeper.

2) You should think very carefully 2) You should think very carefully before you undertake the responsibilities before you undertake the responsibilities of a general manager of a multi-national of a general manager of a multi-national company. company.

3) We'll have to employ more staff if 3) We'll have to employ more staff if we're to undertake more work.we're to undertake more work.

13. figure out13. figure out understand; reason out understand; reason out eg. 1) I can't figure out why he quit his eg. 1) I can't figure out why he quit his

well-paid job to undertake such tedious well-paid job to undertake such tedious work. work.

2) I can't figure her out; one minute she's 2) I can't figure her out; one minute she's happy, the next, sad. happy, the next, sad.

3) It took me 2 hours to figure out how to start 3) It took me 2 hours to figure out how to start the new washing-machine.the new washing-machine.

14. 14. extendextend 1) (cause to) stretch or reach 1) (cause to) stretch or reach eg. The high-speed train service is planned to eg. The high-speed train service is planned to

extend from Baltimore to Philadelphia.extend from Baltimore to Philadelphia. 2) make larger or longer2) make larger or longer eg. a) I would like to stay in France a bit eg. a) I would like to stay in France a bit

longer, but I will need to extend my visa.longer, but I will need to extend my visa. b) We've extended the kitchen to give us room b) We've extended the kitchen to give us room

for a dining area.for a dining area.

15. expand15. expand (cause to) grow larger (in size, number (cause to) grow larger (in size, number or amount) or amount)

eg. 1) The air in the balloon expands when eg. 1) The air in the balloon expands when heated.heated.

2) The population of the town expanded rapidly 2) The population of the town expanded rapidly in the 1960s. in the 1960s.

3) The bank is aiming to expand its share of the 3) The bank is aiming to expand its share of the mortgage market.mortgage market.

16. switch16. switch change; shift (used with change; shift (used with toto)) eg. 1) He used to play tennis, but now he's eg. 1) He used to play tennis, but now he's

switched to golf.switched to golf. 2) She started studying medicine at college, but 2) She started studying medicine at college, but

switched to Business Studies in her second year.switched to Business Studies in her second year.

17. 17. envyenvy wish that you had a quality or wish that you had a quality or possession that another person has (used in the possession that another person has (used in the patterns patterns envy sb./sthenvy sb./sth., ., envy sb. sthenvy sb. sth.. .. envy sb. for envy sb. for sthsth.).)

eg. 1) He became a millionaire overnight. eg. 1) He became a millionaire overnight. Many people envied him for his good luck.Many people envied him for his good luck.

2) She's got a capacity for languages that 2) She's got a capacity for languages that many students would envy.many students would envy.

18. cooperate18. cooperate act or work together (followed by act or work together (followed by withwith,, or or inin,, or or to do sthto do sth.).)

eg. 1) The New York City police cooperated eg. 1) The New York City police cooperated with the force in Boston in catching the with the force in Boston in catching the criminals.criminals.

2) Russia and the US are cooperating in 2) Russia and the US are cooperating in joint space ventures.joint space ventures.

3) Aid agencies and the local government 3) Aid agencies and the local government are cooperating to deliver supplies to the are cooperating to deliver supplies to the flooded area.flooded area.

19. 19. assessassess judge the quality, importance or judge the quality, importance or worth ofworth of

eg. 1) The value of the diamond was eg. 1) The value of the diamond was assessed at $20,000.assessed at $20,000.

2) Examinations are not the only means of 2) Examinations are not the only means of assessing someone's ability.assessing someone's ability.

20. at first20. at first at the beginningat the beginning eg. 1) At first I thought that the shop eg. 1) At first I thought that the shop

was empty, then a man appeared from was empty, then a man appeared from behind one of the counters .behind one of the counters .

2) Jack felt tired at first, but soon got 2) Jack felt tired at first, but soon got used to the long working hours. used to the long working hours.

Compare "at first, first, and firstly". Compare "at first, first, and firstly". (See Vocabulary II, Confusable Words(See Vocabulary II, Confusable Words

21. deceive21. deceive try to make (sb.) believe sth. try to make (sb.) believe sth. that is false (used in the patterns that is false (used in the patterns deceive deceive sbsb., ., deceive sb. into doing sthdeceive sb. into doing sth.) .)

E.g. 1) You can't pass exams without E.g. 1) You can't pass exams without working, so don't deceive yourself into working, so don't deceive yourself into thinking you can.thinking you can.

2) He deceived me into signing the 2) He deceived me into signing the papers. papers. 

3) We were deceived into believing that 3) We were deceived into believing that he could help us.he could help us.

22. original22. original first or earliest first or earliest eg. 1) The Indians were the original inhabitants eg. 1) The Indians were the original inhabitants

of North America. of North America. 2) The land was returned to its original owner.2) The land was returned to its original owner. 23. survive23. survive 1) remain alive 1) remain alive

eg. A few were killed but most survived in the eg. A few were killed but most survived in the earthquake.earthquake.

2) continue to live or exist after2) continue to live or exist after

eg. a) She survived the accident.eg. a) She survived the accident.

b) The plants may not survive the frost.b) The plants may not survive the frost.

Part 4 Content QuestionsPart 4 Content Questions Ss answer the following questionsSs answer the following questions ---- What does “ it” in the first line of Para. ---- What does “ it” in the first line of Para.

4 refer to? (hint the key chain held by 4 refer to? (hint the key chain held by Colo)Colo)

---- What does “ the problem” in the first ---- What does “ the problem” in the first line of Para. 10 refer to? (hint the keepers line of Para. 10 refer to? (hint the keepers couldn’t reach the baby whale to help it.)couldn’t reach the baby whale to help it.)

---- What does “ this whole trick” in the ---- What does “ this whole trick” in the first line of Para. 12 refer to? (hint Melati first line of Para. 12 refer to? (hint Melati deceived her deceived her

keeper into giving her two oranges keeper into giving her two oranges instead of one from her keeper by instead of one from her keeper by pretending.)pretending.)

Part 5 TranslationPart 5 Translation When I was young I developed a keen interest When I was young I developed a keen interest

in animals. So I often visited the zoo in my in animals. So I often visited the zoo in my home town. There what attracted me most was home town. There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male. They a couple of tigers, especially the male. They were kept in a huge iron cage were kept in a huge iron cage at firstat first, but later , but later was was releasedreleased from it and put in a place called from it and put in a place called Tiger Hill. The hill was separated from the Tiger Hill. The hill was separated from the visitors by a very wide and deep ditch. What's visitors by a very wide and deep ditch. What's more, it was also more, it was also surroundedsurrounded by a high iron by a high iron fence along the ditch.fence along the ditch.