UNIT 8CHAPTER 25 – THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

CHAPTER 25The Industrial Revolution, 1700–1900 The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, spreads to

other countries, and has a strong impact on economics, politics, and society.

Rail locomotives began connecting U.S. cities in the 1840s, enabling transport of goods between factories, cities, and ports.

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

SECTION 4

The Beginnings of Industrialization

CASE STUDY: Industrialization

Industrialization Spreads

Reforming the Industrial World

OBJECTIVESCORE OBJECTIVE: Trace key events of the Industrial Revolution and analyze how these affected economics and politics.

Objective 8.1: Explain the beginnings of the British Industrial revolution and the inventions the furthered it.

Objective 8.2: Identify the social and economic effects of industrialization.

Objective 8.3: Identify the effects of industrialization on the rest of the world.

Objective 8.4: Explain the origins and main concepts of socialism, Marxism, and other 1800s reform movements.

CHAPTER 25 SECTION 4 1800S REFORM

The Industrial Revolution leads to economic, social, and political reforms.

INDUSTRIALIZATION PHILOSOPHERS

Laissez-faire Economics Laissez faire — economic policy

of not interfering with businesses Originates with Enlightenment economic

philosophers

Adam Smith — defender of free markets (capitalism) author of The Wealth of Nations Believes economic liberty guarantees

economic progress Economic natural laws — self-interest,

competition, supply and demand are good (capitalism!)

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CAPITALISM Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo boost laissez-faire capitalism

Capitalism — system of privately (individually) owned businesses seeking profits

Individuals run business for themselves to gain profit This profit will benefit the nation; govt. should not interfere

Malthus thinks populations grow faster than food supply Wars, epidemics kill off extra people or misery and poverty result

Ricardo envisions a permanent, poor underclass providing cheap labor

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SOCIALISM Utilitarianism

Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism — judge things by their usefulness This favored a small government – people can pursue their interests

John Stuart Mill favors regulation to help workers, spread wealth Thought it was wrong for workers to lead deprived lives, questioned capitalism

Socialism Socialism — factors of production owned by, operated for the

people to end poverty Government operates large business for benefit of people Socialists think government control can end poverty, bring equality

Socialism v. Communism This is an economic belief only

Soc: Private property is still allowed, govt controls larger businesses

Individual freedoms and political differences are usually allowed

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MARX’S BELIEFS Marxism’s Prophets

Karl Marx — German journalist proposes a radical socialism, Marxism

Friedrich Engels — German whose father owns a Manchester textile mill

The Communist Manifesto Marx and Engels believe society is divided into warring

classes Capitalism:

helps “haves,” the employers known as the bourgeoisie Hurts “have-nots,” the workers known as the proletariat

Predicted the workers (proletariat) will overthrow the owners (bourgeoisie)

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COMMUNISM The Future According to Marx

Marx believes that capitalism will eventually destroy itself Inequality would cause workers to revolt, seize factories and

mills Communism — society where people own, share the means

of production Predicted a classless society Under Communism – single govt party has complete control;

limited individual rights; no private property

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LABOR UNIONS Unions — associations formed by laborers to work for

change Unions negotiate for better pay, conditions with employers

Sometimes they strike — call a work stoppage—to pressure owners

Skilled workers are first to form unions Movement in Britain, U.S. must fight for right to form unions Union goals were higher wages, shorter hours, improved conditions

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ORIGINS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION—ASSESSMENTWhich of these is NOT a natural resource Britain had for Industrialization?

(A) Iron(B) Rivers(C) Capital(D) Coal

Which of these is Not a factor of production? (A) Harbors(B) Land(C) Labor(D) Capital

ORIGINS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION—ASSESSMENTWhich of these is NOT a natural resource Britain had for Industrialization?

(A) Iron(B) Rivers(C) Capital(D) Coal

Which of these is Not a factor of production? (A) Harbors(B) Land(C) Labor(D) Capital

VOCABULARY ASSESSMENTUrbanization is the

(A) Process of work in a society being done by machines

(B) Immigration from one country to another(C) Business growth through new inventions(D) Movement of people to cities

An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people. Private property does not exist and goods are shared equally.

(A) Capitalism(B) Communism(C) Socialism(D) Feudalism

VOCABULARY ASSESSMENTUrbanization is the

(A) Process of work in a society being done by machines

(B) Immigration from one country to another(C) Business growth through new inventions(D) Movement of people to cities

An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the workers. Private property does not exist and goods are shared equally.

(A) Capitalism(B) Communism(C) Socialism(D) Feudalism

CRASH COURSE

CAPITALISM & SOCIALISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3u4EFTwprM&index=34

&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9