UNIT 8

GRAMMAR

New Headway Plus: Pre-Intermediate

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

ITEMS TO BE COVERED IN THE UNIT

have (got) to

should / must

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

STARTER, PAGE 62

..............get up early

every morning

………………pay bills

……………go to school

…………work at the

weekend.

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

HAVE TO ( FORM)

has / have + to + infinitive

Positive and Negative

work hard.

to

have to

don’t have to

I

We

You

They

has

doesn’t have

He

She

It

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

HAVE TO ( FORM)

has / have + to + infinitive

Question

work hard ?

have to

I

we

you

they

Do

he

she

it

Does

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

HAVE TO (FORM)

Short answer with have to

Examples

A: Do you have to wear a uniform?

B: Yes, I do.

Nader: Does he have to go now?

Ahmad: No, he doesn’t.

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

HAVE TO ( NOTE )

The past tense of have to is had to, with did

and didn’t in the question and the negative.

Examples

I had to get up early this morning.

Why did you have to work last weekend?

They liked the hotel because they didn’t have to do

any cooking.

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

HAVE TO ( USE )

1. Have to expresses strong obligation. The obligation comes from “outside” – perhaps a law, a rule at school or work, or someone in authority

Examples:

You have to have a driving licence if you want to drive a car.

( That’s the law)

I have to start work at 08:00. ( My company says I must.)

The doctor says I have to do more exercise.

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

HAVE TO ( USE )

2. Don’t / Doesn’t have to expresses absence of

obligation ( it isn’t necessary )

Examples:

You don’t have to do the washing –up. I’ve got a dishwasher.

She doesn’t have to work on Monday. It’s her day off.

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

HAVE TO ( ACTIVITY)

Complete the sentences with have to, has to, or had to and

suitable verb

1. I ……………glasses because my eyes aren’t very good.

2. Remember! When you drive in England you………….on the left.

3. A: “Can I go and see the dentist when I want?”

4. B: “Well, usually you ……………….an appointment, unless

it’s an emergency.”

5. At weekends Jack wears jeans and a T-shirt. During the week

he …………………a suit and a tie.

6. I don’t like my job. Sometimes I ………………till midnight.

7. Their car broke down, so they………………..it to the garage.

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

INTRODUCTION TO MODAL VERBS

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

INTRODUCTION TO MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

FORM

can could might must

shall should will would

Modal Auxiliary

Verbs are

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS: FORM

1. They another verb.

The verb form is the infinitive without to.

Examples:

She can drive

I must get my hair cut.

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS: FORM

2. There is NO do / does in the question.

Examples

Can she drive?

Should I go home now?

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS: FORM

3. The form is the same for all persons. There is

no -s in the third person singular:

Examples

He can sing very well.

She should try harder.

It will rain soon.

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS: FORM

4. To for the negative, add ( n’t ). There is NO don’t /

doesn’t.

Examples

I wouldn’t like to be a teacher.

You mustn’t steal.

NOTE: will not = won’t

It won’t rain tomorrow

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

END OF INTRODUCTION

Now, let’s focus on

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

SHOULD: FORM

should + infinitive without to

The forms of should are the same for all persons.

Positive and negative

should do more exercises.

shouldn’t tell lies.

I

He

We

They

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

SHOULD: FORM

should + infinitive without to

The forms of should are the same for all persons.

Questions

see a doctor ? I

she

they

Should

should see a doctor ? I

he

we

Do you think

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

SHOULD: FORM

should + infinitive without to

The forms of should are the same for all persons.

Short answer

Yes, you should.

No, you shouldn’t.

Should I phone home?

Should I buy a Mercedes Benz?

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

SHOULD: USE Should is used to express what the speaker thinks is

right or the best thing to do.

It expresses mild obligation, or advice.

Examples

I should do my homework. (This is my opinion.)

You should do more work. (I’m telling you what I think.)

Do you think we should stop here? ( I’m asking you for

your opinion.)

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

SHOULD: USE

Should expresses negative advice.

Example:

You shouldn’t sit so close to the TV. It’s bad for your eyes.

**************************************

NOTE:

Should expresses the opinion of the speaker, and it is

often introduced by I think or I don’t think.

Examples:

I think politicians should listen more.

I don’t think people should get married until they’re 21.

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

MUST: FORM

Must + infinitive without to

The forms of must are the same for all persons.

Positive and negative

must try harder

mustn’t steal

I

He

We

They

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

MUST: FORM

Questions with must are possible, but the use of

have to is more common.

Questions Short answer

Yes, you must .

Yes, you do. Must I take exam?

Do I have to take exams?

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

MUST: USE

1. Must expresses strong obligation. Generally, this obligation

comes from inside the speaker.

Example

I must get my hair cut. (I think this is necessary.)

2. Because must expresses the authority of the speaker, you

should be careful of using You must……..It sounds bossy !!

Example

You must help me. (I am giving you an order.)

3. You must……….can express a strong suggestion.

Example

You must give me a ring when you’re next in town.

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

ACTIVITY:

Complete the sentences with a form of have to or should. Make the

verbs negative when necessary

1. You hair’s too long. I think you……………..get it cut.

2. I’ve put on weight. I ……………eat so many sweets.

3. I’m going to bed. I ……………….be up early tomorrow.

4. I’d like to meet your cousin. You ……………….invite her around.

5. I……………..tell my parents where I am, then they don’t worry.

6. You …………..come with me if you don’t want to. I’ll go on my

own.

7. If you need some help with your homework, you ……………go to

the library.

8. You ……….tell lies. It’s wrong.

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri

END OF UNIT 8 GRAMMAR

Prepared by Dahlia Yousri