unit iv: the renaissance chapter 14: the renaissance spirit
TRANSCRIPT
Unit IV: The Renaissance
Chapter 14: The Renaissance Spirit
Renaissance Spirit Renaissance
15th & 16th centuries in Europe worth of the individual insatiable searching for knowledge term borrowed from art history “rebirth” birth of modern Europe and Western
society as we know it today
Renaissance Spirit Major Developments
philosophical “humanism”
“rebirth” of classical learning emphasis on human life now
Church less powerful education considered status symbol from religious to secular society
Historical Columbus, Magellan….
Renaissance Spirit Inventions and Discoveries
inventions printing press gunpowder
Science universe revolves around the sun, not the
earth theology
Martin Luther and Reformation
Renaissance Spirit Painting
patrons include Church plus wealthy families (Medici)
secular subjects mixed with sacred
portrait painting depth perception
“School of Athens” by Raphael (1483-1520)
Renaissance Spirit Sculpture
“Renaissance” man emphasize physical details of human
figure expressed, but controlled emotion Donatello, Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci
and Michelangelo
“David” by Donatello (1386?-1466)
“Mona Lisa” by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
“The Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci
“David” by Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Sistine Chapel Ceiling by Michelangelo
“Creation of Adam”
Renaissance Spirit Renaissance Musical Style
musical training = part of general education
more secular music
Renaissance Spirit characteristics of music
still more vocal than instrumental “word painting”
polyphonic texture more “consonant” harmony gentle rhythms… conjunct melody “a cappella”
Renaissance Sacred Music
Early Renaissance Mass 5 parts of Ordinary (Text, pg. 102)
Kyrie from the Greek ABA form (Kyrie - Christe - Kyrie)
Gloria “Glory be to God on High”
Credo “I believe in one God…” longest text
Renaissance Sacred Music Sanctus
“Holy, Holy, Holy…”… “Hosanna” Agnus Dei
Lamb of God sung 3 times
Requiem Mass “Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine”
(Grant them eternal rest, O Lord) Dies Irae
Renaissance Sacred Music Cantus Firmus Mass
“fixed melody” cantus firmus = foundation of work
unify initially, CF = from Gregorian Chant to … same Gregorian CF for each of 5 parts to … secular CF
Renaissance Sacred Music Guillaume Dufay (1400-
1474) “G. duFay” (du - “fa” - y)
L’homme armeé Mass: Kyrie Text, pg. 104
secular CF “L’homme armeé” (The Armed Man)
Renaissance Motet sacred form with a single, Latin text used in Mass, etc.
Renaissance Sacred Music 3-4 voices based on Chant or
other melodies Josquin des Prez
(c. 1440-1521) Franco-Flemish
(Netherlands) School Ave Maria…virgo serena
Text, pg. 106
Renaissance Sacred Music
High Renaissance Mass musical settings for the Ordinary
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
Counter-Reformation recapture minds of the people Council of Trent
1545-1563
Renaissance Sacred Music Objections
“noisy” instrument in service secular popular songs in Mass singers embellishing the chant complex, polyphonic settings Solution: Monophonic chant only!!
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina c. 1525-1594 100 + masses
Renaissance Sacred Music
“Pope Marcellus” Mass Pope Marcellus II 6 voices a cappella audible text Text, pg. 110
Renaissance Secular Music
Instrumental dance music last half of 16th century written by professional composers patterned after secular vocal works
Secular vocal music 2 types
Renaissance (15th century) Chanson 3 voices courtly love text “fixed form” of Middle Ages
Renaissance Secular Music
Renaissance Madrigal vocal work for several solo voices set
to short poem, usually about love “word painting” often include instruments 2 types: Italian and English
Renaissance Secular Music
16th C. Italian madrigal 3 composers
Luca Marenzio (1553-1599) over 400 excessive word painting and dissonance
Carlo Gesualdo (c.1560-1603) prince of Venosa had wife and her lover murdered
Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) 12 years for Duke of Mantua 30 yrs @ St. Mark’s in Venice
Renaissance Secular Music 8 books of Madrigals
Ecco mormorar l’onde (Hear, now, the waves murmur)
Text – nature “word painting” Criticized – use of
“unprepared” dissonance “high” voices vs. “low” voices Ferrara – professional women singers Text, pg. 118
Renaissance Secular Music
English Madrigal Musica Transalpina (1588)
Italian madrigals with texts translated into English
Elizabethan age Thomas Morley, John Wilbye, and
Thomas Weelkes English version lighter and more humor “ballett” (“fa-la-la” refrain)
Renaissance to Baroque “Fair Phyllis” (Text, pg. 121)
John Farmer
St. Mark’s more than one vocal ensemble “Cori spezzati” divide choir and instruments “Polychoral” music - antiphonal style
Giovanni Gabrielli “Sonata pian’ e forte” O quam suavis, Text, pg. 125