unit overview - level 5 unit 2

8/6/2019 Unit Overview - Level 5 Unit 2

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Unit Overview Level 5 Unit 2

Talking about the futureIn this unit you will start to learn language to talk about the future.

Vocabulary

Vocabulary Phonetic spelling Part of speech Translation / definition

floods UK [fld] US [fld] verbto cause to fill or become covered withwater, especially in a way that causesproblems

gap year nouna year between leaving school and startinguniversity which is usually spent travelling orworking

gas UK [gs] US [gs] nouna substance in a form like air that is neithersolid nor liquid

globalwarming noun

a gradual increase in world temperaturescaused by polluting gases such as carbondioxide which are collecting in the air aroundthe Earth and preventing heat escaping intospace

graduationUK [,grd.u'ei.n]US [,grd.u'ei.n]

nounwhen you receive your degree for finishingyour education or a course of study

soldierUK ['sul.dr] US['soul.d`]

nouna person who is in an army and wears itsuniform, especially someone who fightswhen there is a war

sure UK [:r] US [ur] adjective certain without any doubt

surgeonUK ['s:.dn] US['s`: ]

nouna doctor who is specially trained to performmedical operations

authorUK [':.r ] US[':.`] noun the writer of a book, article, play, etc.

hybrid carsUK ['hai.brid] US['hai.brid]

nouna vehicle with an engine that uses bothpetrol and another type of energy, usuallyelectricity

identityUK [ai'den.ti.ti] US[ .i]

nounwho a person is, or the qualities of a personor group which make them different fromothers

temperatureUK ['tem.pr.tr] US[ p`..t `]

nounthe measured amount of heat in a place orin the body

virtualreality

nouna set of images and sounds produced by acomputer, which seem to represent a placeor a situation that a person can take part in

carbondioxide

nounthe gas formed when carbon is burned, orwhen people or animals breathe out

carbonfootprint

nounSomeone's carbon footprint is ameasurement of the amount of carbondioxide that their activities produce.

climatechange

noun the way the world's weather is changing

coal UK [kul] US [koul] noun

a hard, black substance which is dug fromthe earth in pieces, and can be burnt toproduce heat or power, or a single piece ofthis

military

UK ['mil.i.tri] US [

ter.i] adjective relating to or belonging to the armed forces

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opportunityUK [,p.'tju:.n.ti]US [,:.p`'tu:.n.i]

noun the chance to get a job

pioneerUK [,pai'nir] US [ 'nir]

nouna person who is one of the first people to dosomething

desert noun

an area, often covered with sand or rocks,

where there is very little rain and not manyplants

developmentUK [di'vel.p.mnt]US [di'vel.p.mnt]

nounwhen someone or something grows orchanges and becomes more advanced

droughtUK [draut] US[draut]

noun a long period when there is little or no rain

pollutionUK [p'lu:.n] US[p'lu:.n]

noundamage caused to water, air, etc. by harmfulsubstances or waste

prospectsthe possibility of being successful, especiallyat work

rain forestUK ['rein.fr.ist] US[ f:r ]

nouna forest in a tropical area which receives alot of rain

renewable UK [ri'nju:..bl=] US[ 'nu: ]

adjective describes a form of energy that can beproduced as quickly as it is used

sciencefiction

nounbooks, films or cartoons about an imaginedfuture, especially about space travel or otherplanets

Language focus

First Conditional:

When considering a real future possibility, the first conditional can be used. It's often used to talk about warnings orthreats. The event described in the main clause depends on the condition described in the Ifclause.

Conditional sentences have two clauses:

A main clause containing will / won't followed by a base verb and a subordinate adverbial clause that is introduced byif. We can usually change the order of the clauses:

If + subject + present tense + comma + subject + will / won't + base verb

Subject + will / won't + base form of the verb + if + subject + present tense

If Subordinate clause: Condition Main Clause: Possible Result

If you don't use energysaving lightbulbs, you will have a higher electricity bill.

If we continue to use coal power, we will cause more pollution.

If we work together, we will be able to slow down global warming.

Main Clause: Possible Result If Subordinate clause: Condition

You will have a higher electricity bill if yo u d on't us e e ne rgysaving lightbulbs .

We will cause more pollution if we continue to use coal power.

We will b e abl e t o s low down glo bal war ming if we wo rk t og et he r.

Will and going to

When making a prediction, will is most often used. For example:

In fifty years' time, robots will take over the earth.In the future, people will live on the moon.

When making or talking about a plan, it is better to use going to. For example:




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Tomorrow, I'm going to have a bath.I'm going to visit my grandparents this summer.

Zero conditional

Zeroconditional sentences refer to general truths. Zeroconditional sentences contain a statement of the condition anda statement of the result.

The statement of the condition is formed by an ifclause and a statement of result.

If+ subject + simple present + object, subject + simple present + object

For example:

Ifw ecutdown rainforests, we lose trees which consume carbon monoxide.Ifthe planet becomes hotter, deserts become bigger.Ifthe climate changes, more extreme weather occurs.

Content and function words

The disappearance of the rainforest has led to an increase in extreme weather conditions.

In the above sentence, the content words are in bold. In speech, these content words are given more stress, oremphasis, in order to make the meaning clear. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

Function words are not usually stressed. These words don't carry meaning and just help with the grammar of thesentence. Function words include articles, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, etc

Collocations

Collocations are pairs or groups of words that are often used together. To learn English vocabulary effectively, you needto know about common collocations.

For exampl e, we say: But we don't say:

I made a mistake. I did a mistake.

I will domy best. I will make my best.

These are examples ofverb + noun collocations. There are many other types, but we will concentrate on verb + noun,adjective + noun and noun + preposition collocations here.



unit overview - level 5 unit 2

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