Università degli Studi di PaviaFacoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Scienze politiche, Giurisprudenza, Ingegneria, Economia

Corso di Laurea Interfacoltà in Comunicazione, Innovazione, Multimedialità

CHINA TODAY: A NEUTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE FACETS OF A RAPIDLY EVOLVING SOCIETY IN BOTH

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TERMS

The Beginning of a Great Economic Power

Tesi di Laurea di:Valeria Repetto

Relatore:Chiar.mo Prof. Andrea Fumagalli

Correlatore:Chiar.mo Prof. Giorgio Rampa

SINCE ECONOMIC OPENING UP AND REFORM POLICY (1978): CHINA’S ECONOMY

HAS GROWN 90 TIMES BIGGER

FASTEST GROWING MAJOR ECONOMY IN THE WORLD

GDP: ANNUAL AVERAGE PREDICTED TO BE 9.5 PERCENT FOR THE PERIOD OF 2011-2015

WORLD’S LARGEST EXPORTER

SECOND LARGEST IMPORTER

OF GOODS

AND… WORLD’S SECOND BIGGEST CONSUMER OF LUXURY GOODS

BUILDING SKYSCRAPERS TO SHOW THE ECONOMIC BOOMING

MORE THAN 200 BUILDINGS ARE BEING BUILT NOW

NEXT THREE YEARS: ONE SKYSCRAPER COMPLETED EVERY FIVE DAYS.

800 IN FIVE YEARS TIME

Zhao Ziyang, 赵紫阳and Deng Xiao Ping(邓小平 ), first, and

Zhu Rongji (朱镕基 ) and Jiang Zemin(江泽民 ), afterwards

Two generation

s of reforms

• Agrarian Reform (1978)

• Social Market Economy(early 90s)

• Development of Social Economy Organizations in rural areas, as well as in urban

Main characters of the last 30 years of political and economical changes

SECOND PHASE

FROM THE AGRICOLTURE:

• DECENTRALIZATION OF THE PLANE AND THE MARKET

• FAMILY BUSINESSES : RESPONSABILITY

• GROWING AUTONOMY IN MANAGERIAL DECISIONS INSIDE STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES

SMALL ENTERPRISES

BORN: • VILLAGE AND

TOWNSHIP ENTERPRISES

FIRST PHASE

• 1978: THEY

OCCUPIED 28

MILION PEOPLE

• Mid-90’s: 135

MILION

MARKET-ORIENTED BY

WAY OF PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

• SOCIAL MARKET ECONOMY (ONLY APPROVED IN 1992)

• RENOVATION OF PULIC ENTERPRISES

• CONCEPT OF SOCIAL ECONOMY

和谐社会 CONCEPT OF “HARMONIOUS

SOCIETY”

THE FOURTH GENERATION (WITH HUJINTAO 胡锦涛 AND WEN JIABAO 温家宝 ) INTRODUCED THE SLOGAN

IN 2007

CENTRALITY OF SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT:

ACTIVE MEDIATION , PARTICIPATION

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES: INEQUALITY

WORKERS START MOVING FROM RURAL TO URBAN AREAS

• LIFE AS FARMER PRECARIOUS: ORGANIZED IN COMMUNES, WITH SOCIAL SERVICES GRANTED ONLY BY SELLING SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF AGRICOLTURE PRODUCTS

• LIFE AS TOWN WORKER LESS PRECARIOUS: BASED ON THE RELATION BETWEEN

CITIZENS AND WORKPLACE IN WORK UNITS IN THE STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES

MANY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

EDUCATION CHANGES

FOCUS ON THE FUTURE

COMPETITION

EXCELLENCE

SOCIAL PRESSURE

ANDINSECURITY

HEAVY ENPHASIS ON PASSING EXAMS

INCREASE OF PRIVATE STUDIES FOR EXCELLENCE

COSTS OF EDUCATION MORE AND MORE

EXPENSIVE

INEQUALITIES BETWEEN RURAL

AND URBAN CHILDREN

PUBLIC FOUNDING STILL NOT ENOUGH

DAMAGE DUE TO:

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE

• POPULATION GROWTH

• DEMAND PER CAPITA

GROWTH

• PUBLIC OPINION: INITIALLY MORE PRONE TO EMBRACE

THE ECONOMIC RISE INSTEAD OF THINKING ABOUT

CONSEQUENCES

CHINA HAS NOW BECOME THE WORLD’S LARGEST ENERGY CONSUMER

BESIDES, WATER IS ONE OF THE MOST SERIOUS THREATS FACING THE COUNTRY NOW

WARNING!CHINA RELIES ON COAL TO SUPPLY ABOUT 70

PERCENT OF ENERGY NEEDS

LEGISLATION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

• Law on the Protection of the Marine Environment, in 1982;

• Law on Water Pollution Prevention, in 1984;• Law on the Protection and Control of the air

pollution of 1987;• Law on the Prevention and Control of solid waste

disposal of 1995.

TOWARD A SOCIETY LAW CARBON BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY?

EFFORTS TOWARD RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

2008-2013: INCREASE OF SIXFOLD THE DEMAND OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

2009: 34.6 BILION US DOLLARS INVESTED

IN CLEAN TECHNOLOGY

CHINA PRODUCES MORE WIND TURBINES AND SOLAR PANELS EACH YEAR THAN ANY OTHER

COUNTRY IN THE WORLD

Whether China continues as an authoritarian colossus, stagnates, disintegrates, or becomes both freer and more prosperous will not just determine

China's future, but shape the rest of the world's too.The Economist

CONCLUSION

Thank you for listening

Valeria Repetto