University of Ahlulbait

College of pharmacy SECOND CLASS

Pharmacognosy

Lab:1

Ass.Lectur : Maryam M. Alhelfy

The scope of Pharmacognosy

Pharmacognosy is the science of drugs of biological

origin ( plant , animal , mineral ).

Or

It can also defined as the obgective study of crude drugs of the natural sources processed scientifically.

-Pharmacognosy gives a sound knowledge of the vegetable drugs under botany and animal drugs under zoology

-It also includes plant taxonomy , plant breeding , plant pathology , plant genetics and by this knowledge one can improve the cultivation methods for both medicinal and aromatic plants .

-There are a number of cards or sheets you have to recognized the botanical name, family name, local name, part used, active compound, basic structure, dosage form, and therapeutic use.

Coffee plant:

Scientific name: Coffea arabica

Family name: Rubiaceae

:Local nameالقهوة

Part used: seeds

Active compound: purine alkaloid like caffeine

Dosage form: tablet, injection.

Therapeutic use: central stimulant.

Cinnamon plant:

Scientific name: Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Family name: Lauraceae

:Local nameالدارسين

Part used: bark

Active compound: aldehyde volatile oil like geranial & neral

Dosage form: solution & ointment

Therapeutic use: flavoring, carminative, has digestive, antibacterial and anti-parasitic properties

Black pepper plant:

Scientific name: piper nigrum

Family name: piperaceae

:Local nameالفلفل األسود

Part used: unripe fruit

Active compound: hydrocarbon volatile oil like alpha-pinene.

Dosage form: powder, ointment

Therapeutic use: stimulant of appetite, febrifuge, aid in weight loss.

Fennel plant:

Scientific name: Foeniculum vulgare

Family name: umbellifera

:Local nameحبة الحلوة

Part used: seeds

Active compound: ethereal volatile oil like anethole

Dosage form: drop, capsule.

Therapeutic use: flavoring and carminative

Anethole

papaver plant:

Scientific name: Papaver somniferum

Family name: Papaveraceae

:Local nameالخشخاش

Part used: ripe capsule

Active compound: opioid alkaloid like morphine, codeine, papaverine.

Dosage form: tablet, syrup.

Therapeutic use: Narcotic, analgesic, antitussive, sedative, muscle relaxant.

Morphine

Belladonna plant:

Scientific name: Atropa belladonna

Family name: Solanaceae

:Local nameست الحسن

Part used: leaves

Active compound: alkaloid like atropine, hyoscyamine, hyoscine.

Dosage form: tablet, injection, drop, syrup.

Therapeutic use: antispasmodic, and mydriatic.

Peppermint plant:

Scientific name: Mentha piperita

Family name: Labiatae

:Local nameالنعناع

Part used: leaves

Active compound: alcoholic volatile oil like menthol

Dosage form: lozenges and syrup

Therapeutic use: flavoring and carminative.