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Andy van Dam lecture

• thoughts?

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of Utah

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A university spin-off

• Stanford University Networked workstation

- SUN Microsystems (1982)

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of Utah

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Bill Joy

• Graduate student at U.C. Berkeley• Co-founder of SUN

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Bill Joy

• Berkeley gets a UNIX tape (1974)• Bill Joy adds additional features to UNIX

- Creates “Berkeley Standard Distribution” (1978)

• BSD supports TCP/IP !

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of Utah

55

Remember VAX?

• DEC’s VAX machines formed much of the early Internet

- Why? BSD Unix.• This is why Unix is associated with the

Internet.

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Unix Lamentation

• Created by AT&T- AT&T didn’t profit from it

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Unix Lamentation

• Popularized by DEC hardware- DEC didn’t profit from it

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of Utah

88

Unix Lamentation

• Better than MS-DOS- But never dethroned it as a popular OS for

home computers

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of Utah

99

Unix Lamentation

• “Unix” not “unified”- Vendor-specific fragmentation

AT&T: Original UNIX Berkeley: BSD SUN: SunOS, Solaris HP: HP-UX IBM: AIX SGI: IRIX Microsoft: Xenix Cray: UNICOS

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Unix Lamentation

• Just how fragmented is Unix?• Take a look!

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of Utah

1111

Times are a-changin’

• Prevailing wisdom:- Do as much as you can in hardware!- Remember the POLY instruction?

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of Utah

1212

Times are a-changin’

• Why?- Assumptions:

Slow (core) memory Easy for assembly language programmers Primitive compilers

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of Utah

1313

Times are a-changin’

• But...- Assumptions don’t stay true forever!

Fast (chip) memory Fewer assembly language programmers Better compilers

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of Utah

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What if...

• The instruction set were simple?• Each instruction did very little?

- ...but fast?• Pipelining!

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Pipelining

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of Utah

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RISC

• “Reduced Instruction Set Computer• David Patterson (1980)

- RISC project at U.C. Berkeley• John Hennessy (1981)

- MIPS project at Stanford University

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RISC

• SUN uses a RISC-based processor in its workstations (1987)

• RISC chips take over workstation market

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of Utah

1818

RISC

• SUN uses a RISC-based processor in its workstations (1987)

• RISC chips take over workstation market- ...But NOT the home PC market!- Why?

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of Utah

1919

Reminder

• Essay (final version) due tomorrow in class.

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of Utah

2020

Looking ahead...

• Only two homework assignments left!- a small one-page writing assignment

to be announced later- a final project

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“Test Question”

• On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in.

• (Put your name on it!)