Unless otherwise indicated this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Open Access 101

Anna DanielOpen Access Week, October 2014

Image: gulia.forsythe https://flic.kr/p/egx8fA CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Agenda• Rationale for OA• Definitions• Open licences• Green, gold and hybrid open access publishing models• Journal articles: how to determine what you can make

openly available • Summary of key points

Why go OA?

Image modified from: Kingsley, D and Brown, S. 2013 Benefits of Open Access http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/c2/56/4a/c2564a4ab3b1f1bba268add77b0624b0.jpg CC BY

= ARC measures of research performance

ARC, NHMRC etc. Some funders overseas penalise grantees who do not open access to results.

Use of OER in courses complies with Federal requirements for HECs funded students

$

Reputation effect of being published in prestigious OA journals with prestigious editors. Attracts prestigious people to you!

Because a third of Australia’s universities are doing it!

Increased peer review and feedback, transparency and accountability = stronger research credibility

Researchers in any country can reuse your work, anytime with attribution to you

Open access policies

ANU, Bond, Charles Sturt University, Deakin, Edith Cowan, James Cook, Macquarie, QUT,Newcastle, Queensland, South Australia, Wollongong and Victoria Universities

Federal State Universities with OA

PoliciesDeclaration of Open Government 2010Open Government Partnership Action Plan 2014Publishing Public Sector Information (Finance) 2011Coalition’s Plan for e-Government 2013Australian Chief Scientist, ARC, NHMRC

Government data – ‘an extraordinary national asset at our fingertips’ – should be published as a routine government function, and open access should be the default position’. Malcolm Turnbull 2014.1

…aka openness is now unavoidable

1. Keynote speech to the AIIA ‘Navigating Analytics Summit’: www.minister.communications.gov.au/malcolm_turnbull/speeches/aiia_speech_navigating_analytics_summit2

ACT: Open Data Policy; Open Government in the ACTNSW: Open Government; Open Data PolicyQld: Qld Universities Open Data StrategySA: Open Data DeclarationVic: DataVic Access Policy

There are three elements of openness: 1. Accessible – available online to anyone, anywhere, anytime at zero cost2. Technical – in a format that allows downloads and reuse3. Legal – with a license that protects copyright and gives permission to anyone to

reuse it

OER are open educational resources – educational resources that are openly licenced for reuse by anyone, anywhere, anytime. Any resource can be made open: creative and scholarly works, research data and code, educational resources, and some corporate data.

1. Definitions from AOASG and SHERPA RoMEO <http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/guidance/authors.html#whatoa>

What is open access (OA)?Open access is making research results freely available to anyone with an internet connection

Open Access RepositoriesOpen Access repositories can hold digital versions of published works (articles, media, books, code etc.) and make them freely available. Most universities have open access repositories, and there’s 2,700+ open access repositories worldwide with over 64 million works1.

Open Access JournalsA way of providing Open Access is to publish in an Open Access Journal. These journals are available $free$ to anyone, anywhere, anytime. About 65% are free to publish in2, but others require payment to publish (to be discussed) There’s 10,000+ peer reviewed OA journals worldwide containing 1,734,051 articles3. There’s 120+ Australian OA journals.

1. http://www.opendoar.org/find.php 2. July 2013 in http://aoasg.org.au/open-access-journals-in-australia/ 3. http://doaj.org/ icons from thenounproject.com

What open access isn’tDoes not exclude peer review

OA works are not poor quality or 2nd rate

OA is not a convoluted, complicated and confusing process

OA does not increase plagiarism

Banksy Follow your dreams’ image: Chris Devers ‘https://www.flickr.com/photos/cdevers/4602805654/ CC BY-NC-ND

All open licences are not the same

BY = Attribution Credit the author

NC = NonCommercial useSeek permission for commercial use

SA = SharealikeAny reuse must apply same ‘SA’ open licence

ND = No Derivatives No remixing of the work. Seek permission to remix it

Text, images, code, multimedia SoftwareGNU GPL General Public Licence

or BSD 3-Clause Software Licence Berkeley Software Distribution

Data

CC0 = Public Domain Dedication* or Public Domain MarkOr CC BY in Australia

* note this is not a licence

deposit an open access copy of the published work in a repository

or

publish in a journal that is available at zero cost to the public

1. http://www.opendoar.org/find.php 2. http://aoasg.org.au/open-access-journals-in-australia/ 3. http://doaj.org/ icons from thenounproject.com

How to open access

deposit an open access copy of the published work in a repository

or

publish in a journal that is available at zero cost to the public

1. http://www.opendoar.org/find.php 2. http://aoasg.org.au/open-access-journals-in-australia/ 3. http://doaj.org/ icons from thenounproject.com

GREEN

GOLD

How to open access

Green open access

1. Publish ‘anywhere’* through traditional process (peer review etc.)

2. and deposit a version of the published paper in an open institutional repository (or in a repository openly).

* can publish anywhere, paywalled or open access journal. If publishing in a free open access journal, simply link to the published version in your repository entry.

Green open access

Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to subscription

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. Retain licence to deposit in open archive

Published articles behind

$paywalls$ in Australian legal

jurisdiction

Embargo….. Author deposits a version of the

paper in an open access repository

Public access to the version in the repository, linked by Google Scholar

………………

Green open access

Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to subscription

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. Retain licence to deposit in open archive

Published articles behind

$paywalls$ in Australian legal

jurisdiction

Embargo….. Author deposits a version of the

paper in an open access repository

Public access to the version in the repository, linked by Google Scholar

………………

Gold open access

Image: modified from Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to Open Access

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Gold open access

Image modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to Open Access

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Gold open access

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to Open Access

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. May retain rights

Image modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0

Gold open access

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to Open Access

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. May retain rights

Author$pays$

APC

Image modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0

What’s an APC?Article processing charge, or upfront payment for costs of publication incl.:

editorial (manuscript handling), technical support (journal platform and manuscript handling systems); production (copy editing (although this may be provided for free by peers?), formatting, marking up and indexing; marketing; profit; customer service (permissions management, responding to reader questions); and may also carry the cost of print infrastructure, paywalls, authentication systems, bespoke complex licence creation costs, litigation, PR and lobbying, world travel, expensive dinners …

Image: Superior Ace Printing Press by sanickles https://www.flickr.com/photos/9137715@N05/2047070491/ CC BY-NC-ND

In 2013, 35% of open access journals were gold open access. 65% of open access journals require no APC, they’re free to publish in

Source: http://aoasg.org.au/open-access-journals-in-australia/

Gold open access

Image: modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0 1. http://aoasg.org.au/open-access-journals-in-australia/

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to Open Access

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. May retain rights

Author$pays$

APC

Public reuse Openly licenced

Hybrid (type of gold) open access

Image modified from : Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/cost-of-hybrid/ CC BY 4.0

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to subscription

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. Rarely retain rights

Hybrid (type of gold) open access

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to subscription journals for peer

review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. Rarely retain rights

Image modified from : Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/cost-of-hybrid/ CC BY 4.0

Hybrid (type of gold) open access

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to subscription

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. Rarely retain rights

Author$pays$

APC

Image modified from : Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/cost-of-hybrid/ CC BY 4.0

Hybrid (type of gold) open access

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to subscription

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. Rarely retain rights

Author$pays$

APC

Public reuse Openly licenced

Image modified from : Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/cost-of-hybrid/ CC BY 4.0

Hybrid (type of gold) open access

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to subscription

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. Rarely retain rights

Author$pays$

APC

Public reuse Openly licenced

Image modified from : Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/cost-of-hybrid/ CC BY 4.0

General differences at a glanceTraditional Green Gold Hybrid

Copyright ownership Journal Author/Uni Depends Depends

Peer Review Yes Yes Yes Yes

Findability Paywalled Open Open Unclear

Reuse Paywalled Anyone, anywhere,

anytime

Anyone, anywhere,

anytime

Anyone, anywhere, anytime (but perhaps not marked as

such, it’s complex)

Embargo No Potentially No Unclear

Google Scholar? ? Yes Yes ?

Financial Cost $0 $0 $$ $$$ + $$$

Public benefit Slow, low Highest High Not as high (muddy)

Progress check

Image excerpt from: gulia.forsythe ‘Occupy OpenEd11’ https://www.flickr.com/photos/gforsythe/6283629230/ CC BY-NC-SA

Type SHERPA RoMEO into your search engine

Type SHERPA RoMEO into your search engine

SHERPA RoMEO search

<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>

SHERPA RoMEO search result

<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>

SHERPA RoMEO search

<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>

SHERPA RoMEO search result

SHERPA RoMEO search

<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>

SHERPA RoMEO search result

<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>

SHERPA RoMEO search

<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>

SHERPA RoMEO search result

<http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/>

Article versions

Published version 1 Postprint Preprint

1. used under s40 of Copyright Act 1968

Article versionsPublished version (Publisher PDF)The version ‘as published’ in the journal (sometimes called the ‘publisher’s PDF’). This version generally includes value added by the publisher, such as hyperlinked references, typesetting (into columns) and pagination. Only a small proportion of all publishers will allow this version to be made open access, even after an embargo.

Postprint (Accepted version)The final version of an academic article or other publication - after it has been peer-reviewed and revised into its final form by the author. As a general term this covers both the author's final version and the version as published, with formatting and copy-editing changes in place. It has the SAME content as the published version.

Preprint (Submitted version)In the context of Open Access, a preprint is a draft of an academic article or other publication before it has been submitted for peer-review or other quality assurance procedure as part of the publication process. Preprints cover initial and successive drafts of articles, working papers or draft conference papers.

Sources: SHERPA RoMEO and AOASG

Article versionsPublished version (Publisher PDF)The version ‘as published’ in the journal (sometimes called the ‘publisher’s PDF’). This version generally includes value added by the publisher, such as hyperlinked references, typesetting (into columns) and pagination. Only a small proportion of all publishers will allow this version to be made open access, even after an embargo.

Postprint (Accepted version)The final version of an academic article or other publication - after it has been peer-reviewed and revised into its final form by the author. As a general term this covers both the author's final version and the version as published, with formatting and copy-editing changes in place. It has the SAME content as the published version.

Preprint (Submitted version)In the context of Open Access, a preprint is a draft of an academic article or other publication before it has been submitted for peer-review or other quality assurance procedure as part of the publication process. Preprints cover initial and successive drafts of articles, working papers or draft conference papers.

Sources: SHERPA RoMEO and AOASG

Q: What’s the difference between the Accepted version and Publisher version?

Q: What’s the difference between the Accepted version and Publisher version?

A:• Accepted version is the postprint• Postprint is formatted simply and this enables easier reuse• Content is exactly the same as published version• Published version has publisher formatting• Different DOIs • Published version may be what citation metrics measure

Q: A publisher says they allow preprints to be archived, but SHERPA RoMEO claim they allow postprints, why is the SHERPA RoMEO entry wrong?

Source: SHERPA RoMEO FAQs <http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/faq.php>

Q: A publisher says they allow preprints to be archived, but SHERPA RoMEO claim they allow postprints, why is the SHERPA RoMEO entry wrong?

A: Publishers may use the term preprint to define all forms of the article prior to print publication. SHERPA follows an academic practice of defining preprints as a draft of an academic article or other publication before it has been submitted for peer-review or other quality assurance procedure as part of the publication process. Preprints cover initial and successive drafts. Note again that SHERPA RoMEO focusses only on journals.

Source: SHERPA RoMEO FAQs <http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/faq.php>

Questions on the different versions?

Published version 1 Postprint Preprint

1. used under s40 of Copyright Act 1968

1. Simply put a version of your research outputs in an open access repository2. Try to retain copyright when you sign publishing agreements, and minimise

embargoes – difficult but necessary3. Consider using OA journals/OER in your research and teaching – it simplifies

the process if your work because they have fewer use restrictions4. Familiarise yourself with the CC licences 5. Include introductions to open access in inductions and orientations

6. Don’t get distracted – many problems of OA are problems of publishing in general and not specific to OA

7. Avoid confusing open access licences: if you don’t understand it, don’t sign it8. Don’t overthink it – done well it’s a simple process.

How to go OA - tips

Information and support AOASG – www.aoasg.org.au and the email listCreative Commons licences: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ / Uni Copyright Officer

SHERPA http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/ includes:RoMEO - Publisher's copyright & archiving policies JULIET - Research funders archiving mandates and guidelines DOAR: Directory of Open Access Repositories

Open access journals: http://doaj.org/Open access books: http://www.doabooks.org/Open academic works: http://www.opendoar.org/search.php or Google ScholarOER Commons: https://www.oercommons.org/

Upcoming AOASG webinarsFunder OA policies & requirements: Wed 22 Oct 12:30pm AEDT

Understanding publisher agreements: Wed 22 OCT 2:30pm AEDT

The changing publishing landscape: Thurs 23 Oct 12:30pm AEDT

Register at http://aoasg.org.au/aoasg-webinars-2014/

AOASG member institutions• Australian National University• Charles Sturt University • Curtin University • Griffith University • Macquarie University • University of Newcastle • Queensland University of Technology • University of Western Australia • Victoria University

The Patron of the AOASG is Emeritus Professor Tom Cochrane, Faculty of Law at QUT.aoasg.org.au

Questions?

Image: TimothyJ https://flic.kr/p/6gYcL CC BY 2.0

Following slides are parked and will be removed before the presentation

The publishing landscape in +10 years?Aidan Byrne - CEO ARC believes the dominant future structure will be green.

University

University

University

PublisherGreen

Gold(incl. vanity

pubs)Green

Crowd sourced works

THE WEB

Byrne, A. 2013. Opening Address, Open Access and Research Conference, QUT, Brisbane, 30 October

PLOS fee types

http://www.plos.org/publications/publication-fees/open-access-funds/

Traditional publishing

Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to subscription

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. Lose their copyright

Libraries $purchase$ or public $pays$

$Readers$ may only read or

print article – no text mining etc. ……………….

Articles behind $paywalls$ in Australian legal

jurisdiction

Traditional publishing

Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to subscription

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. Lose their copyright

Libraries $purchase$ or public $pays$

$Readers$ may only read or

print article – no text mining etc. ……………….

Articles behind $paywalls$ in Australian legal

jurisdiction

Traditional publishing

Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0

……………….

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to subscription

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. Lose their copyright

Libraries $purchase$ or public $pays$

$Readers$ may only read or

print article – no text mining etc. ……………….

Articles behind $paywalls$ in Australian legal

jurisdiction

Traditional publishing

Modified from: Callan, P. & Brown, S. QUT 2014 http://aoasg.org.au/what-is-open-access/ CC BY 4.0

……………….

Public funded research

results are written up

Manuscript sent to subscription

journals for peer review

Manuscript accepted for publication

Authors sign publishing

contract. Lose their copyright

Libraries $purchase$ or public $pays$

$Readers$ may only read or

print article – no text mining etc. ……………….

Articles behind $paywalls$ in Australian legal

jurisdiction

OA Publishing models

GREEN

GOLD

Fully OA Journal + link from institutional repository

Hybrid OA option+ link from institutional repository

Traditional subscription publisher + full version in institutional repository

$0 cost Open Access Journal + link from institutional repository