Aerospace DepartmentMade by: Amr Emad

1-the definition of RC Airplane,UAVs,UAS

2-the difference between RC and UAV

3-The difference between UAV and UAS

4-Classifications of UAV

5-Functions of UAV6-The history of UAV and development of it.

Before we get too specific, let’s consider some generally agreed-

upon definitions of the two aircraft categories. Later on, we’ll

delve a bit deeper into specifics of several other aspects.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: According to Wikipedia, a UAV, or

drone, is controlled either autonomously or by remote control of

a pilot. While remote piloting was the norm for many years,

autonomous control has since become the standard method of

operation. DIY Drones echoes this definition; claiming that UAVs

have the capacity for autonomous flight and navigation. The

Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA) adds that drones are

“computer-controlled for nearly their entire flight.” Apparently, as

long as the autonomous system is in place and capable of

functioning, the aircraft remains a UAV, regardless of whether or

not the autonomous system is in use.

Radio-Controlled Aircraft: By contrast, RCA (as the name

implies) are controlled with a handheld radio transmitter, which

communicates with a receiver aboard the aircraft. The receiver

directs the aircraft’s servos to move the control surfaces based on pilot input.

RC plane becomes a UAV with the addition of an autopilot

Per their website, AMA claims that an RC flier “manually controls

the aircraft via R/C for nearly the entire flight.” Even if an

autopilot is installed and occasionally used

RCA: Nearly everyone seems to agree that R/C aircraft are

operated for recreational purposes only

Drone: In contrast to RCA, one of the generally agreed-upon

requirements for UAVs is that these aircraft are mission-oriented,

transport a payload, or otherwise perform some sort of practical

function.

While such pursuits have historically been for military purposes,

commercial and non-military

RCA: Currently, unoccupied aircraft that are flown strictly for

recreational purposes aren’t subject to FAA certification or

oversight(Federal Aviation Administration)

provided they comply with certain operating conditions

(discussed later)

Commercial RCAs: All recreational, unpiloted aircraft are

prohibited from engaging in any type of commercial activity. To

be eligible for commercial operations, the system(s) must meet

the equipment and certification requirements of actual drones

(specifics to follow)

Government Drones: To operate in the national airspace system

(NAS), government UAVs must obtain a Certificate of

Authorization (COA) or Waiver

Commercial UAVs: To operate drones for business purposes, civilian (non-government) organizations must obtain a Special Airworthiness Certificate –Experimental Category prior to conducting commercial flights in the NAS. The certificate applies not just to the aircraft, but to the entire unmanned aircraft system (UAS); including the ground control station, control link/specialized datalink, and any additional support equipment. The certification process usually takes 60-90 days and requires the drone to obtain an FAA registration (“N”) number. At present, the FAA is only issuing commercial UAV certificates for research & development purposes

A typical UAS consists of the:

unmanned aircraft (UA)

control system, such as Ground Control Station (GCScontrol

link, a specialized datalink)

other related support equipment.

For example, the RQ-7 Shadow UAS consists of four UAs, two GCSs, one portable GCS, one Launcher, two Ground Data Terminals (GDTs), one portable GDT, and one Remote Video Terminal. Certain military units are also fielded with a maintenance support vehicle

target and decoy

research and development

reconnaissance

logistics

civil and commercial UAVs

combat.

They can also be categorized in terms of range/altitude and the following has been advanced as relevant at such industry events as ParcAberporth Unmanned Systems forum:

Hand-held 2,000 ft. (600 m) altitude, about 2 km range

Close 5,000 ft. (1,500 m) altitude, up to 10 km range

NATO type 10,000 ft. (3,000 m) altitude, up to 50 km range

Tactical 18,000 ft. (5,500 m) altitude, about 160 km range

MALE (medium altitude, long endurance) up to 30,000 ft. (9,000 m) and range over 200 km

HALE (high altitude, long endurance) over 30,000 ft. (9,100 m) and indefinite range

HYPERSONIC high-speed, supersonic (Mach 1–5) or hypersonic (Mach 5+) 50,000 ft. (15,200 m) or suborbital altitude, range over 200 km

ORBITAL low earth orbit (Mach +25)CIS Lunar Earth-Moon transfer

Remote Sensing

Transport

Scientific Research

Armed Attack

Search and Rescue

During the American Civil War, Charles Perley

designed a hot-air balloon that could carry a

basket laden with explosives attached to a timing

mechanism

1-Langley AerodromeNumber 5

Karl Jatho Biplane

Sperry Aerial Torpedo

DH.82B Queen Bee

AQM-34 Ryan Firebee

Ryan SPA 147

Scout (Israel)

Firebird 2001 (Israel)

RQ-1 Predator (USA)

RQ-4 Global Hawk

Micro UAVBlack Widow (USA)

History of UAS by NASA

http://rcflightline.com/drones-vs-radio-controlled-aircraft-a-look-at-the-differences-between-the-two/