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Updates to AMSR-E GPROF over Land Rain Algorithm & Applications to AMSR-2 Ralph Ferraro 1,2, Patrick Meyers 2, Nai-Yu Wang 2, Dave Randel 3, Chris Kummerow 3 1 NOAA/NESDIS 2 Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS), University of Maryland College Park, MD 3 Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA) Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA4-5 September 20131

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2 Outline GPROF2010V2 AMSR-E TMI SSMIS Independent evaluations AMSR-2 examples 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA

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3 Review of GPROF2010 Over Land Changes (N.Y. Wang) Driven by TRMM V7 reprocessing Main focus of effort - make improvements over V6 and develop synergy with PR V7 Previous TRMM versions were always out of sync between TMI and PR TRMM 2A12 V7 = GPROF2010 What was changed Improve Convective-Stratiform separation TB85V-RR relationships to remove warm season bias More versatile/precise land/ocean/coast (Dave Randel) Use of GPM X-Cal L1 TBs What was NOT changed Regional biases IF-THEN-ELSE screening logic (Grody and GSCAT heritage) End result closer agreement between TRMM V7 2A12 and 2A25 34-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA

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A TMI Example 4 Note the better gradient in the rain rates in V7 compared to V6 and PR; V6 tended to smear rain areas due to poorer CSI 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA

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GPROF2010 V2 (Meyers, Randel, Wang) Goal was to improve AMSR-E from TMI version Beyond TRMM domain, snow becomes a major issue Can we improve desert sand as well? Can we start to eliminate IF-THEN-ELSE? (Goal of GPROF2014) Also, port to other sensors e.g., AMSR-2, SSMI/S Time series continuity for climate/blended products (e.g., NASA/IMERG) Unbiased retrievals between AMSR-E, SSMI, SSMIS, TMI, AMSR-2, Real-time user continuity (NOAA JPSS/GCOM effort) Benchmark for GPM (GPROF2014) to improve upon What we wound up doing: Use L1C from X-cal, but still some empirical adjustments to TBs TMI vs. AMSR-E frequencies, etc. Same for AMSR-2, but not for SSM/I and SSMIS Use of ancillary data sets - Monthly snow climatology, Static desert mask Re-engineering of code Some changes for coast definition, databases, etc. AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA4-5 September 20135

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Example - Screening Problem Convective core screened out thinks its snow on the ground 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA6

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Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) Northern Hemisphere Multisensor (AVHRR, SSM/I, GOES, AMSR-E) Human in the loop Daily 24 km snow product 1997-present AMSR-E Monthly Snow Product Southern Hemisphere L3 25km Snow Water Equivalent Global 1/4 map of likelihood of snow coverage If (p > 75%), snow likely, pixel flagged Climatological Snow Screening 74-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA

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Climatological Snow Screening 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA8

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Climatological Desert Screening International Geosphere/Biosphere Programme 1/12 scene types 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA9

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GPROF2010V2 Land Screening 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA10 New Old Now used less often

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Putting it all together 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA11

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Example - Screening Problem Convective core screened out Convective core intact 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA12

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Rain Rate January 2010 mmday -1 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA13 AMSR-E GPROF2010 mmday -1 AMSR-E GPROF2010V2 NEW - OLD More convective cores included Less due to snow climatology

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AMSR-E Monthly Rain July 2010 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA14

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Comparison to GPCP 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA15

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4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA16 Comparison to GPCP 75% Snow Climo.

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4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA17 Comparison to GPCP

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4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA18 Comparison to GPCP

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GPCC Gauge Comparisons: Jan Jun 2013 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA19 GPCC Gauge (mm/mon) AMSR-2 (mm/mon) TMI (mm/mon) GPCC Gauge (mm/mon) SSMIS F18I (mm/mon) GPCC Gauge (mm/mon) ALL SatelliteI (mm/mon)

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AMSR-2 Teaming with CSU on recently selected NASA proposal for continuity of AMSR-E time series with AMSR-2 NOAA is also using AMSR-2 as part of JPSS program through separate arrangement with JAXA Show some examples of AMSR-2 usage (P. Meyers) Super storm Sandy Moore, OK Tornado Mid-Atlantic Tornado with rapid imagery and lightning Matchups with TMI (R. Joyce) AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA4-5 September 201320

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NEXRAD Reflectivity Super Storm Sandy October 2012 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA21

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Moore, OK Tornado May 20, 2013 Agreement in locations of heaviest precipitation 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA22

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NMQ-Q2 Validation Smoothed Reflectivities 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA23

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Cross-Track TB Strong scattering in core of storm Negative polarization at 89 GHz due to large hail? East/West gradient in low frequency polarization suggests changes in soil moisture due to rain 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA24

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Mid-Atlantic Severe Weather - 6/13/13 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA25 1 minute GOES visible and DCLMA Simulate GOES-R ABI and GLM Lightning jumps related to tornadic storms GPROF AMSR-2 Rain Rates 1 second lighting from DCLMA Lightning related to 89 GHz scattering

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26 GCOM-W1 AMSR2 (top) derived precipitation (mm/hr) TRMM TMI (bottom) 02:30-03:00 UTC 1 March 2013 Courtesy of Bob Joyce, NOAA/NWS/NCEP/CPC 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA26

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27 GCOM-W1 AMSR2 (top) derived precipitation (mm/hr) TRMM TMI (bottom) 04:00-04:30 UTC 1 March 2013 Courtesy of Bob Joyce, NOAA/NWS/NCEP/CPC 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA27

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Summary and Future Plans GPROF2010V2 over land Essentially produces unbiased estimates for TMI, AMSR-E, AMSR-2, SSM/I, SSMIS Will allow for continuity from AMSR-E to AMSR-2 Being adopted at NOAA as part of JPSS/GCOM EDRs Ready for AMSR-E reprocessing (if not done already) Improved features include Uses snow and desert climatologies Better CSI for improved rain rates GPROF 2014 in development (GPM/CSU team) Eliminate empirical RR calculation over land Identifies emissivity classes for Bayesian retrieval 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA28

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Backup Slides 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA29

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GPROF VS Radar

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Along-Track Tbs Scattering signature down to 18GHz Low polarization differences at higher frequencies, as expected 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting Oxnard, CA35