Integrated People-Driven

Reconstruction in Indonesia POST TSUNAMI ACEH RECONSTRUCTION

Tsunami Aceh in Figures

635,384 people displaced

127,720 people killed

93,285 people missing

139,195 houses destroyed

73,869 has of agricultural lands

destroyed

13,828 fishing boats destroyed

1,089 religious facilities destroyed

3,415 schools destroyed

669 government buildings

destroyed

119 bridges destroyed

22 ports destroyed

2,618 kilometers of road destroyed

8 airports or airstrips destroyed

Source: BRR, April 2009

26 December 2004

07.59 am local time,

9.3 on the Richter scale earthquake caused

tsunami wave located 155 kilometres west of

the Indonesian island Sumatra.

Temporary shelter construction from tsunami debris (wood

blocks, planks, nails, tin sheet)

Participatory mapping: community sketch to identify land

ownership, borders, digitized and used for village planning

and land titling supporting document.

HOUSE CONSTRUCTION METHOD

1. Construction by house owners, or

a group of owners, no contractor

2. Owners choose house type

among 5 option

3. Owners supervise the

construction, Uplink provides

technical field supervisor

4. House owner may purchase

building materials themselves

except timber, steel, cement, sand,

and rock that Uplink buys in bulk

for economic reason.

5. Uplink applies card system to

distribute building materials

HARD WORK – INTEGRITY - ANTI

CORRUPTION, COLLUSION, &

NEPOTISM – HONESTY –

TRANSPARENCY - GENDER EQUITY

MATERIAL CARD SYSTEM FOR HOUSE

OWNER PROCEDURE OF MATERIAL REQUEST CARD

HOUSE OWNER/OWNER GROUP

UPLINK PROCUREMENT TEAM

VILLAGE SUPPLIERS/JUB MATERIALS

STOCKIST

UPLINK FINANCE TEAM

card issued after data team

verified owner’s data

Inspector checks incoming

item to location and signs the

card

Finance team transfers

money to supplier’s bank

account on Thursdays

UPLINK PROCUREMENT TEAM

Procurement team conducts

site check (Monday and

Thursday) to ensure materials

amount and quality

UPLINK INFORMATION & DATA TEAM Data team issues owner ID

Number & contract

New Technologies Introduced to

the Community

Biofil System (Biological

Filter Septic Tank), made

of fiberglass, installed in

villages with high table

water level

Solar Energy for street lamp and

Meunasah in Lamawee and

Lampageu, a collaboratoin with

Green Peace

FULL SUPPORT FROM COMMUNITY

PROJECT MANAGER TEAM TRUSTED BY THE COMMUNITY

COMMUNITY MONITOR THE WORK

LOCAL LABOUR

SELF-MANAGED VILLAGE

INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION

VILLAGE ROAD

DRAINAGE

RIVER DYKE

EMBANKMENT

JETTY

WATER SUPPLY

HOUSING SANITATION

VILLAGE PUBLIC FACILITIES

Vegetable growing and selling

introduction of mushroom

farming skill

INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIC

FARMING

ECONOMIC RECOVERY:

Grants for families to start up small business

(proposal based)

Workshop for timber, steel, and compacted soil

cement blocks

Becak motor (motorised tri-cycle)

Encourage the community to use the tsunami

remains timber

Advocacy on land tenure, certification, housing rights

Together with JUB Change of coastal free-zone policy to safety measures policy

(especially for Banda Aceh area)

VILLAGE SOLIDARITY NETWORK (JUB)

WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION

Giving inputs for house design (size, rooms arrangement)

•Deciding choice of house model (5 options; 3 stilt houses, 2

grounded houses)

•Involve in Kampung Construction Team (TPK) as supervisor, book

keeper, or head mason on house and road construction.

•Group craft activities in kampung; rattan weaving

•Kampung Economic Team: individual small capital in each

kampung

•Organic Farming Team: Replanting agricultural plants and

(productive) garden plants individually and in group

•Develop paving-block small industry

•Take part as JUB Board members

RESULTS

One of fastest, most satisfactory results (UN Habitat study, 2006)

One of four world finalist in the UN Habitat 2007 Scroll of Honor

Winner of 2008 the Dubai International Award for Best Practices To

Improve the Living Environment 3335 quake-proof houses (stilt and ground), village infrastructure, sanitation system

The foundation of JUB (Jaringan Udeep Beusare/Village Solidarity Network) that links 23 villages in the stretch

Change of coastal free-zone policy to safety measures policy (especially for Banda Aceh area)

Strong impacts on gender balanced-participation in highly gender segregated society of Aceh

UPLINK has sown seeds for social movement and change in its area of work

8 YEARS AFTER LOOKING BACK AT THE RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT

• Economic challenge: high number of unemployment, low cash flow

• Agricultural activities has been started, it is one of the good sources for living

Research Findings User Satisfaction

Positive Points Things could do better

1. Safety within the home resulted from the

strength of the house

2. Sense of belongingness within the home

resulted from participatory process in

building the houses

3. Easy to modify/ to extend

1. Bigger size to accommodate people’s

need in the future

2. House design, need more “local touch”

3. House lay out : pay attention to local

perception/ interpretation to space (eg.

kitchen, bath room)

Beneficiary Targeting

• Large majority of the beneficiaries are still living in the house.

• Few cases of the houses are being abandoned as the owner move to another city.

• Some of the houses are rented or sold since the owners married to another survivors

and later share one of the two properties provided to them.

• Many inhabitants altered the function of houses so as to accommodate their lifestyle

and needs

Replication

• The structure of the additional building do not follow the Uplink’s standard

due to economic constrain.

• Some of the additional buildings used recycled material from the temporary

shelter.

• People need more time and facilitation to learn new technologies/

innovation introduced during the project. Some of the innovations (eg. Solar

panel, biofil sanitation system) have not been used.

• The organisation collaborated with the Australian Red Cross to provide a

similar participatory approach on Nasi Island, of the coast of Banda Aceh,

following the disaster. They are also implementing similar plans in post-

earthquake reconstruction in Yogyakarta.

Technical Performance

• Good structural performance, easy to extend, easy to maintain

• Need special attention on window frame and door

• Maintenance : regular repaint, insect spray, applying kerosene on the floor

to keep it clean and shiny, cover the wood wall metal sheeting to avoid

damage caused by rain water.

Livelihood

• Some of the economic recovery program during the project are still

run by the community ex. pedicab driver and workshop, duck and

chicken farming

• Skills acquired during the reconstruction phase are used to earn

income as small contractors

• Positive impact on women’s position and power within society

Lesson Learned

Reconstruction is not only about rebuilding physical aspect such but

also reconstructing the life. The concept of people's driven,

participatory, and holistic approach is a must.

Some of lesson learned from the project are:

•Sensitivity to Local Culture

•Involving Survivors in Every Stage of Reconstruction

•Post-Disaster Livelihood Programme

•Allocate more time to facilitate the learning process of the

community after the reconstruction phase