urban development housing department cdp sasaram.pdfsahastrabahu. sasaram was also the birthplace of...

2011

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN – 2030

Sasaram Nagar Parishad

Urban Development & Housing Department Government of Bihar

Support Programme for Reforms in Bihar (SPUR)

City Development Plan, Sasaram

|Executive Summary 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

E.1 BACKGROUND

In the last few years, the policy environment in Bihar has gone under significant change

with the formulation of several ‘reform oriented’ policies conducive to long term

development. The impact of these policies has not been as desired, largely on account

of limitations in implementing abilities. As a result, Bihar has continued to lag behind

other states.

In this effort, Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar in

association with SPUR (DFID supported programme) for the betterment of the local

populace, has initiated the process of a planned and integrated development in the

State. One of the major initiatives in this direction is formulation of a City Development

Plan for various Urban Local Bodies across the State. Egis India has been appointed as

Consultants for the preparation of Sasaram cITYDevelopment Plan.

E‐2 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP)

A City Development Plan (CDP) is to think systematically of the future of the city and to

determine how it wishes to shape that future. It sets a vision for the city to be achieved

within a stipulated period of time, in sync with the character of the city and in

consensus with its stakeholders. It charts out the course of action so that the city is

enabled to reach the set goal within the target period. A CDP helps in enhancing the

livability, sustainability and manageability of the city. The objectives of preparation of

CDP include:

Define the growth directions and service up‐gradations in relation to the activity

mix/ growth;

Assess the demand‐supply gap in services to estimate and prioritize project

requirements;

Define specific rehabilitation and capital improvement needs with regards to

priority city infrastructure in both slums and other areas;

Define revenue enhancement and revenue management improvements

required to sustain the investment proposed;

Reforms required in local administration and service delivery to ensure financial

sustainability and improvements in service levels;



Suggest changes required at the local level to improve O & M of assets including

use of different institutional and PPP models and address common growth and

infrastructure issues

E.3 PREPARATION OF CDP: A MULTISTAGE EXERCISE

The City Development Plan is a multi stage exercise to be carried out in close

collaboration with the concerned ULBs. Four stages have been followed for the

preparation of City Development Plan. These are i) Inception ii) Interim Report iii) Draft

CDP and iv) Final CDP.

During the preparation of CDP, the participation of the stakeholders, who know their

city best, is ensured at every stage of formulating the CDP. For this purpose, workshops

have been organized details of which are shown in Table E‐1.

Table E‐1: Workshop Details

Workshop Stages Date

Ist Workshop Inception Report 4th September 2010

IInd Workshop Interim Report 7th February 2011

IIIrd Workshop Draft Report 7th May 2011

E‐4 TOWN PROFILE: SASARAM

E‐4.1 INTRODUCTION

Sasaram is believed to be named after the sage Parashurama and the legendary King

Sahastrabahu. Sasaram was also the birthplace of Sher Shah Suri, who ruled Delhi from

1540 to 1545 AD. Sher Shah developed Sasaram into a successful administrative unit. It

was an important trading post and often people came here to buy horses. Later, Sher

Shah built a mint here. He was a great reformer and during his short tenure of

emperorship he evolved the system of revenue administration. His currency reform was

followed by the Mughals and maintained by the Britishers.

E‐4.2 LOCATION AND REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY

Sasaram is located at 24°57’N and 84°02’E. Sasaram is a town located in western part of

Bihar and district head quarter of Rohtas district. It is situated on NH‐2 regionally

connected with Delhi at a distance of 925 kms and with Kolkata at a distance of 537

kms. The NH‐2 runs east to west and divides the town into two parts. The town is

connected to Patna, Capital of Bihar located on NH‐30 via Arrah through SH‐12 emerges

from NH‐2. Patna is 160 kms from Sasaram. The town is also lined with Varanasi on the

west and Gaya and Bodhgaya on the east through NH‐2. Sasaram is an important

railway station on the Grand Chord Broad Gauge Line of the Eastern Railway and is

linked by rail to all the major cities in India.



E‐4.3 DEMOGRAPHY

Sasaram Municipal Area is spread over an area of 10.9 sq.km divided into 25 municipal

wards, housing population of 131172 as per Census, 2001. The population density of

Sasaram is 120 ppha. Ward no. 21 has maximum population i.e. 3786, whereas, Ward

no. 38 has minimum population of 2785.

Sex ratio of Sasaram in 2001 was 882 females per 1000 males which is lower than

district’s and state. Literacy rate in Sasaram is 76.2 percent. Out of total literates in

Sasaram, males are 58.6 percent and females are 41.4 percent.

E‐4.4 PROJECTED POPULATION

Population of the town has been increasing at a very fast pace during the last few

decades. Population has been projected by consultants through various statistical

methods based on population trends in previous years assuming compounded annual

annual growth rate of population in future. Out of various nethods, population

estimated from exponential growth rate method has been adopted for planning

purposes with which the estimated population for 2011 is 178719 and for 2030 will be

322191.

E‐4.5 ECONOMY

Occupational structure of the populace is the primary indicator of nature of economy

and economic base of the town. Workforce participation in Sasaram is 22.7 which is

lower than states and districts. Out of total working population, 88% workers are main

workers, of which 92.5% are male workers showing marginal number of working

females in Sasaram town. The occupational structure of the town reveals that 89.8% of

the workers are ‘Other Workers’ which includes number of secondary and tertiary

sector activities and 5% are engaged in household industries.

Trade and Commerce

Sasaram’s economy is mainly based on trade and commerce activities. Economic base

of the town is mainly dependent on it. It acts a trading center for food grains,

agriculture products and agricultural equipments. The main commodities of the local

trading centre are food grains, cloths, ornaments, building materials, medicines etc. The

major commercial areas in the town are Gandhi Path, Chaukhandi, Gola Market,

Navratan Bazaar, fish and vegetable market. These are all situated in the southern

portion of the city. In addition to that a town has agriculture market yard for marketing

of food grains and its storage in the north of Sasaram.

Tourism

Sasram and its surrounding has famous tourist sites viz. Sher Shah Suri Tomb, Tomb of

Hasan Khan Suri, Rohtasgarh/Rohtas Fort, Chaurasan Mandir, Tomb of Chandan



Shaheed, Ashokan Inscription and a Rock‐cut Cave, Tara Chandi Hill Temple etc. Due to

lack of development of these places and tourist infrastructure, it is not playing an

important role in economic activity.

Industrial Activities

Few industrial activities like food processing industries such as rice polishing etc. are

present in Sasaram. It is also famous for production of stone chips and stone quarrying

covering primary sector.

E‐5 CITY VISION

Developing a shared and unanimous City Vision is central to the preparation of City

Development Plan (CDP). A vision is a statement where the city wishes to go, within a

given timeframe, and often expressed in clear expectations. The statement summarises

the future city and helps visualize the future destination for the city so that all efforts,

strategies, actions are oriented towards it without losing focus.

Vision defines the potential of the city and reflects its unique attributes in terms of

comparative and competitive advantages, values and preferences of the city’s

residents, its place in the larger spectrum of settlements at local, regional, national and

international levels. The unanimously agreed vision statement is as under:

“Sasaram is visualized to be tourist destination prominently

appearing on the tourism map of the Bihar, with a Regional Service

cum commercial Centre with well defined Heritage & leisure

destination with thriving sustained economy based on tourism,

handloom and allied activities supported by quality all basic physical

& social infrastructure for citizenry and visiting tourist.”

E‐6 SECTORAL ISSUES AND STRATEGIES

Studying the existing infrastructure availability, issues and findings have been derived

and strategies have been formulated to achieve the vision of the city. Further to

implement the strategies projects have been identified.

E‐6.1 ECONOMY

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Unorganized markets or commercial centers.

Poor infrastructure facility such as loading unloading facilities, storage facilities etc.

Lack of Shopping & Commercial centers with parking facilities.

Encroachments & Informal activities along main road.

Potential of tourism based economy viz. residential accommodation, restaurants etc.

Lack of diversification in economic activities



STRATEGIES

Development of organised commercial complexes in the town.

Promotion of Small Scale industries

Agricultural produce processing units will be encouraged to get established in

organized sector with all infrastructural facilities.

Development of tourist infrastructure such as hotels, restuarents to increase the

economic activities

MAJOR PROJECTS

Development of organised commercial complexes;

Industrial sheds for promotion small scale industries (along with storage facilities)

Organized Platforms for Weekly Market/ Vegetable (3 nos.)

E‐6.2 WATER SUPPLY

EXISTING STATUS

Ground water is the only source of water. Present supply is 25‐30 lpcd with 30%

coverage and about 4 hours/day supply. Present water supply is 6.7 MLD with only

chlorination as treatment. There are 3 OHTs with capacity of 5 lakh gallon. Length of

distribution system is 52 kms.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Ground water is the only source.

Inadequate and inequitable distribution of water supply

Less coverage and short duration of water supply

Existing distribution network is old, leading to high water losses and contamination

Lack of infrastructure viz. storage, pumping station and treatment plant

There is no meter billing and high illegal connections

STRATEGIES

All dwelling units accessible to existing water distribution lines need to be

connected urgently.

All illegal connections to be regularized on priority.

Condition of the present water supply network need to be assessed.

Ground water recharging through rain water harvesting, recharging, etc

Recycling of treated waste water for reuse (non drinking purposes)

Non revenue water will be brought down to less than 20% in phases

O & M cost will be recovered through water charges and connection charges.



Detail project Report for Integrated water supply scheme should be prepared for

the city.

MAJOR PROJECTS

Upgradation of existing line (52 km) and Distribution line for water supply (Main

line – 10 Km. & Distributory line ‐49 Km)

Water Filtration /Treatment Plant (60 MLD of capacity)

7 nos. of Overhead reservoirs (10 lakh capacity each)

4 nos. of Underground Tanks (20 lakh capacity each)

E‐6.3 SEWERAGE & SANITATION

EXISTING STATUS

70% of households are connected to sanitary toilets. In absence of organised sewerage

system, waste water flows into drains and disposed of in Sher Shah Suri Canal and other

open areas. Present waste generation is estimated to be 14.29 MLD and in 2030, 34.8

MLD.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Lack of sanitation facilities (individual and community toilets) leads to open

defecation;

In absence of underground sewerage system and flow of waste water into open

drains;

Intermixing of wastewater with storm water in drains;

Falling of untreated waste into Sher Shah Suri Canal and open areas creates pollution

in city.

STRATEGIES

Approach towards providing 100% access to toilets, to eradicate open defecation;

Installation of wastewater treatment plant at suitable location;

A Comprehensive (100%) Sewerage Network shall be laid which will ensure that all

wastewater is collected, treated and disposed off easily.

Provision of community toilet blocks particularly in slums and EWS housing areas

Encourage pay and use public conveniences through PPP arrangements.

Promotion of recycled waste water for non drinking purposes.

MAJOR PROJECTS

50 km of Sewerage Network Line installation (10 km Main line and 91 km Secondary

line)

1 nos. of Treatment Plant of 50 MLD capacity



10 nos, of community toilets and 2 nos.of public toilets.

E‐6.4 DRAINAGE

EXISTING STATUS

Presently 20% of town is covered with drainage network of 7.65kms of which 60% are

pucca drains. Incidence of water logging in old market areas, areas south of railway line

and low lying areas along Gandhi Path, Bauliya Road, GT Road and Bus Stand areas.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Inadequate coverage of drainage network.

Clogging of open drains due to collection of solid waste and encroachments;

Intermixing of wastewater and storm water creates pollution;

Water logging in various parts of the town;

Discharging of untreated waste into Sher Shah Suri Canal and other open areas;

STRATEGIES

To convert open and kutcha drains into covered and pucca drains

100% network coverage will be achieved with the adequate capacity

Installation of waste treatment plant at suitable locations to avoid emptying the

untreated waste water into canal as a short term measure

Water logging will be taken care on priority.

MAJOR PROJECTS

Strengthening and construction of Drainage network system (Strengthening of

existing drain‐7.65 km., construction of Main Drain line‐10 Km., and Secondary /

Tertiary drain line‐184.35 Km.)

Installation of 2 nos. of Waste Water Treatment Plant 5 MLD capacity each

E‐6.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

EXISTING STATUS

Present waste generation is 44.67 MT/Day. 40% of waste is being collected which is

being dumped in open areas near Rohtas stadium and other areas outside town.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Absence of door to door collection

Inefficient secondary collection

Inadequate waste management infrastructure including vehicles

Absence of designated dumping ground and disposal in open areas at various places

Absence of scientific disposal system



STRATEGIES

Door to door collection and segregation at source shall be practiced;

Adequate infrastructure would be procured

Scientific waste disposal system viz. sanitary landfill site will be developed

Private participation will be preferred;

Involvement of NGOs and organizing IEC Campaigns.

MAJOR PROJECTS

Procurements of Vehicles and Equipments

Landfill site development.

E‐6.6 ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION

EXISTING STATUS

Total road length in town is 86 kms of which 53% are pucca roads. NH‐2 and SH‐12

passes through the town connecting the town with regional road network. Bus service

is present for inter city movement. Cycle and walk are the preffered mode for intracity

movement. Shared autos also run in town as para transit mode.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Inadequate coverage of roads with inadequate width, along with encroachment.

Lack of maintenance of existing roads

Unplanned intersections along without signals and lighting

Railway line and NH passing through the center of the city acts as a physical barrier

Unorgaised bus stand and in absence of truck terminal facility and off parking lots

loading unloading of trucks, and parking takes place on commercial roads leading to

congestion.

STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLAN

Up gradation, strengthening of existing roads and development of new roads;

Intersection improvement inluding installation of traffic signals, signages etc.;

Development of pedestrian infarstructure on priority to improve the pedestrian

safety and improve vehicular traffic movement;

Organised parking spaces near major activity centers will be developed;

Up gradation of bus terminal and development of truck terminal;

Preparation of Comprehensive Mobility Plan

Installation of sufficient street lights and reduction in energy consumption by use of

CNG, LED system.



MAJOR PROJECTS

Upgradation of 40 kms of existing roads and construction of 22.5kms of new roads;

Improvement of 8 intersections Gandhi/Dharmshala Chauk, Bauliya Chauk, Post

office chauk, Masjid Chauk, Shersah Suri Intersection etc.

Construction of 20 kms of footpaths and 2 foor over bridges

Development of 4 parking lots, 1 truck terminal and upgradation of bus stand

Preparation of Comprehensive Mobility Plan

E‐6.7 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

EXISTING STATUS

There are 6 colleges for higher education and 1 Govt. hospital and 1 Medical college and

hospital. There are 2 Play ground/Mela ground, 2 parks as recreational facilities. Other

community facilities includes 1 Multi purpose hall, 3 Public Libraries, 3 police stations.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Lack of recreational spaces and community facilities;

Inadequate infrastructure for fire fighting;

Lack of technical educational facilities;

Lack of hospitals for specialized diseases.

STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLAN

Development of adequate recreational facilities and green spaces for improve the

quality of life in Gaya city;

Improvement of community facilities important from socio‐cultural reasons;

Provision of fire services in town.

MAJOR PROJECTS

Development of 2 city level parks and 7 neighbourhood parks

Development 1 recreational center (stadium) and 1 playground

Construction of 4 multipurpose halls and 1 nightshelter

Development of 2 sub fire stations in town

E‐6.8 URBAN SLUMS & POOR

EXISTING STATUS

There are 92 slums in Sasaram in which 41119 populations is residing. Basic

infrastructures such as water supply, sanitation, roads, drainage are grossly inadequate.



ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Approx one‐third population of Sasaram resides in slums

Basic infrastructure services are grossly inadequate

Only 21% of slum households have sanitation facility, showing high rate of open

defectaion

Most of the slums are dependent on public stand posts and handpumps

Total of 24 kms of roads are present in 92 slums

Absence of solid waste management practices

STRATEGIES

Provision of affordable houses for poor

Since the slum pockets are spread all over the city, it is proposed that the basic

services for slums will be treated at par with rest of the town

Provision of community toilets and low cost individual toilets in slums

E‐6.9 HERITAGE & TOURISM

EXISTING STATUS

Sasaram is most famous for Sher Shah Suri Tomb/ Mausoleum. The town also has Sukha Roza

(Tomb of Sher Shah’s father), Chandan Shaheed, Gurudwara Taksal Sangat. Apart from these,

there are a lot of other tourist destinations around Sasaram, such as, Tarachandi temple,

Chaurasan Mandir, Rohtas fort, Gupteshwar, Bhaluni Dham, Deo Markandaya, etc

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Sasaram has World Heritage Sites but its not part of existing tourist circuit;

Lack of maintenance of tourist sites to attract more tourists;

Lack of recreational development around tourist attraction like gardens, eateries

Lack of tourist infrastructure such as residential accomdations, restaurents

Lack of environmental conservation especially for water bodies

STRATEGIES

Development of tourist circuit network and interlinking all heritage sites

Conservation and development of Sher Shah Suri Tomb and Salim Shah Tomb and

Sukha Roja as major tourist attractions (landscaping, water front, pathways etc.)

Preservation of water bodies and recreational development.

Restoration of all other heritage/tourist sites;

Development of recreational spaces around all tourist sites

Development of infrastructure, such as accommodation, restaurants etc.at tourist

sites



MAJOR PROJECTS

Conservation and development of Sher Shah Suri Tomb and Salim Shah Tomb and

Sukha Roja as major tourist attractions

Presevation and recreational facilities around other water bosies viz. behind Nagar

Parishad Office, north of Railway Station, along NH‐2 near Gandhi Chowk, etc.

Presevation, landscaping, pathways, access road along Shehr Shah Suri canal;

Redevelopment of religious places such as Tarachandi, Taksaal Sangat, and Jama

Masjid etc.

E‐6.10 URBAN GOVERNANCE AND REFORM

EXISTING STATUS

Presently, only 6 computers are available in SNP for computerised database creation

related to birth death certificate, BPL/APL Cards etc. No initiatives have been taken for

Double Entry System of Accounting, IT applications (GIS & MIS). Levy of reasonable user

charges is mainly for water tax & marginal amount from consolidated tax. SNP is not

able to spend from local budgets on basic services for urban poor.

Revenue income is 59.3% per year. The tax revenue has a growth rate of 20.07% per

annum. The rise of non‐tax income is 19.96% per year. The growth of total income

including capital grants 59.3% per year. The average growth rate of ‘own resources’ (tax

and non‐tax together) of Sasaram Nagar Parishad is 20.02%.

Expenditure growth is 2.35% per year. The wage and salaries increases per year at the

rate of rate of 2.48%. The rise of non‐development expenditure is nearly 2.17% per year.

The expenditure on O & M increases at the rate of 5.37%.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Lack of technical & skilled manpower in Nagar Parishad 23 technical posts are

vacant.

Lack of funds for data base creation & management of GIS

Poor O & M cost recovery;

94.60% as non‐development expenditure and only 5.40% as development

expenditure.

Average surplus with SNP is 47.07% in last 3 decades;

The share of ‘own source’ in total income is around 20.02%;

The fiscal gap of Sasaram Nagar Parishad is ‐23.08%.

STRATEGIES

Filling all sanctioned posts, if need be increase no. of some critical posts.



Procurement of software and organizing training for double entry system of

accounting;

Procurement of computers, software for GIS & MIS and infrastructure and

property mapping into GIS and MIS data base creation in addition to training

programs;

Development of 3 nos. of decetralised complaint redressed centers

Capacity building & training programme for local body staff.

Revision of user charges phase wise.

E‐7 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN

Investment Plan proposed for the overall development of the town includes

development of water supply system, sewerage system, drainage system, solid waste

management infrastructure, roads and transportation, heritage conservation, social

facilities, housing and basic services for urban poor and slums, e‐governance and urban

reforms implementation. Overall investment for city and sector wise investment

estimated is presented in Table E‐2.

Table E‐2: City Investment Plan

Sectors

Investment Required (Rs. Crore)

Total (%) Share Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

(2011‐16) (2016‐21) (2021‐30)

Economic Development 23.20 9.80 33.00 7.06

Water Supply 46.66 26.41 73.07 15.63

Sewerage and Sanitation 27.80 34.15 5.25 67.20 14.38

Drainage 34.50 6.25 40.75 8.72

Solid Waste Management

17.68 1.98 1.19 20.85 4.46

Roads and Transportation

64.52 38.00 0.00 102.52 21.93

Street Lights and Power 6.50 3.40 0.97 10.87 2.33

Social Infrastructure 9.12 1.14 6.20 16.46 3.52

Services to Urban Poor 25.00 20.00 14.54 59.54 12.74

Heritage and Conservation

39.20

39.20 8.39

E‐gove & Municipal Reforms

3.95

3.95 0.84

TOTAL 298.13 141.12 28.15 467.41 100.00

% Share 63.78 30.19 6.02 100.00

E‐8 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN

Funding pattern has been developed keeping in view government policy and

programmes. Overall funding pattern for all 3 phases is presented below (Table E‐3, E‐4,

& E‐5):



As mentioned in Table E‐2 total investments proposed for overall development of the

town is Rs. 467.41 Crores of which maximum (21.93% of total investment) required is

for roads and transportation, followed by water supply (15.63%) and sewerage and

sanitation system (14.38%). Sasaram being a major service centre for district, traffic,

and transportation play an important role in the economic development of the town

and hence needs to be improved on priority in addition to water supply, as it is the

most important basic infrastructure required for living in any city.

E‐9 FUNDING PATTERN

An optimum funding pattern has been shown in Table E‐3. The funding pattern has

been developed keeping in view of government policy and programmes.

Table E‐3: Funding pattern of all phases: 2011 – 2030

Sector Project Funding Structure (%)

GoI GoB ULB Beneficiary PPP

Water Supply All 80 10 10 0 0

Sewerage and Sanitation

All 80 10 10 0 0

Public Toilets 0 0 0 0 100

Drainage All 80 10 10 0 0

SWM

Vehicles 0 0 0 0 100

All others 80 10 10 0 0

Transport

New Bus Truck Terminus

0 0 0 0 100

Parking lots 0 0 0 0 100

Ring road, new road, RCC bridge, Over bridge, Junction,

80 10 10 0 0

Footpath, shed, road improvement

0 90 10 0 0

CMP 0 90 10 0 0

Signage, Foot Bridge, Signal Improvement

80 10 10 0 0

Social Infrastructure

Rest 0 90 10 0 0

Recreation Hall 0 0 0 0 100

Urban Poor All 80 10 10 0 0

E‐Governance All 0 90 10 0 0

Economic Development

Industrial Shed 60 30 0 0 10

Rest 0 0 100 0 0

Street Light All 0 90 10 0 0

Heritage and conservation All

80 10 10 0 0

The requirement of fund from different sources for the projects to be undertaken in the

three phases. Based on sectoral priorities and financial health of the local body and

funding patterns, the investment plan has been prepared and proposed to be

implemented in three phases. The phases are as follows:



Phase‐I: 2011‐2016

Phase‐II: 2016‐2021 and

Phase‐III: 2021‐2030

The requirement of funds has been shown sector‐wise and project‐wise.

Table E‐4: Funding pattern of Phases – I; (2011 – 2016)

Sector Project Amount (Rs Crore)

Funding Structure (%)

GoI GoB ULB PPP

Water Supply 46.66 37.328 4.666 4.666 0


All 27.7 22.16 2.77 2.77 0

Public Toilets 0.1 0 0 0 0.1

Drainage All 34.5 27.6 3.45 3.45 0

SWM Vehicles 3.95 0 0 0 3.95

All others 13.73 10.984 1.373 1.373 0

Transport New Bus Truck Terminus

17.5 0 0 0 17.5



2.5 2 0.25 0.25 0


39.4 0 35.46 3.94 0

CMP 0 0 0 0 0


0.12 0.096 0.012 0.012 0


Rest 7.62 0 6.858 0.762 0

Recreation Hall 1.5 0 0 0 1.5

Urban Poor All 25 20 2.5 2.5 0

E‐Governance All 3.95 0 3.555 0.395 0


Industrial Shed 15 9 4.5 0 1.5

Rest 8.2 0 0 8.2 0

Street Light All 6.5 0 5.85 0.65 0

Heritage and conservation

All 39.2 31.36 3.92 3.92 0

Total 298.13 160.528 75.164 32.888 29.55

Table E‐5: Funding pattern of Phases – II; (2016 – 2021)

Sector Project Amount

(Rs crore)


GoI GoB ULB PPP

Water Supply All 26.41 21.128 2.641 2.641 0


All 34.15 27.32 3.415 3.415 0


Drainage All 6.25 5 0.625 0.625 0

SWM Vehicles 1.97 0 0 0 1.97




(Rs crore)


GoI GoB ULB PPP

All others 0 0 0 0 0

Transport


0 0 0 0 0



23.7 18.96 2.37 2.37 0


8.7 0 7.83 0.87 0

CMP 0.5 0 0.45 0.05 0


0.1 0.08 0.01 0.01 0


Rest 1.135 0 1.0215 0.1135 0






Rest 9.8 0 0 9.8 0



All 0 0 0 0 0

Total 141.12 88.488 23.4225 22.2345 6.97

Table E‐6: Funding pattern of Phases – III; (2021 – 2030)


(Rs crore)


GoI GoB ULB PPP



All 5.25 4.2 0.525 0.525 0



SWM Vehicles 1.19 0 0 0 1.19



0 0 0 0 0



0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 0 0

CMP 0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 0 0




(Rs crore)


GoI GoB ULB PPP


Others 6.2 0 5.58 0.62 0


Urban Poor All 14.54 11.632 1.454 1.454 0




Rest 0 0 0 0 0

Street Light All 0.97 0.000 0.873 0.097 0.000


All 0 0 0 0 0

Total 28.15 15.832 8.432 2.696 1.19

The requirement of fund for the total investment for the period 2011‐2030 from the

Government of India, Government of Bihar, Nigam etc. The total investment under PPP

mode has also been shown in the table. The table shows more than 57% investment is

expected from GoI, nearly 24% from GoB and 12% from the ULB and 6% from private

sector.

Table E‐7: Assessment of Requirement of Funds from Sources

Phase Period Total Investment (Rs

crore) Share in Rs crore

GoI GoB Nigam PPP

1 (2011‐2016) 298.1 160.5 75.2 32.9 29.6

2 (2016‐2021) 141.1 88.5 23.4 22.2 7.0

3 (2021‐2030) 28.2 15.8 8.4 2.7 1.2

Total 467.4 264.8 107.0 57.8 37.7


crore) Share (%)

GoI GoB Nigam PPP

1 (2011‐2016) 298.1 53.8 25.2 11.0 9.9

2 (2016‐2021) 141.1 62.7 16.6 15.8 4.9

3 (2021‐2030) 28.2 56.2 30.0 9.6 4.2

Average Share (%) 57.6 23.9 12.1 6.4

E ‐ 10 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF SNP CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I)

The projections are based on the data obtained from the Table E‐8. This may also be

mentioned that actual data of income and expenditure are only for the years 2008‐09

and 2009‐10. The data for 2010‐2011 is also an estimated one, vide SPUR data sheet.

Consequently, the projections of income and expenditure have limitation and a

projection for 20 years based on three years base data lacks consistency. Under given

situation the conservative estimate of SPUR surplus is considered for funding purposes

since margins of error is higher in trend‐based estimation.



Table E‐8: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure

Rs in Lakh

Year Income Expenditure Surplus

2011‐12 451.73 91.90 359.83

2012‐13 544.11 93.97 450.14

2013‐14 636.49 96.03 540.46

2014‐15 728.87 98.10 630.77

2015‐16 821.25 100.16 721.09

2016‐17 913.63 102.23 811.40

2017‐18 1006.01 104.29 901.72

2018‐19 1098.39 106.36 992.03

2019‐20 1190.77 108.42 1082.35

2020‐21 1283.15 110.49 1172.66

2021‐22 1375.53 112.55 1262.98

2022‐23 1467.91 114.62 1353.29

2023‐24 1560.29 116.68 1443.61

2024‐25 1652.67 118.75 1533.92

2025‐26 1745.05 120.81 1624.24

2026‐27 1837.43 122.88 1714.55

2027‐28 1929.81 124.94 1804.87

2028‐29 2022.19 127.01 1895.18

2029‐30 2114.57 129.07 1985.50

E‐11 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF SNP BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)

Assumptions for Estimating SNP’s Financials

SPUR has considered certain assumptions for different sources of income and

expenditure to estimate the income and expenditure in next five years (2011‐2016) of

SNP which are presented in Table E‐9.

Table E‐9: Alternative Scenario: Assumptions based on past trend and projection by SPUR

SN PARTICULARS REMARKS

TOTAL RECEIPTS

1 Total Tax Revenues double in 2011‐12,triple in 2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐16

2 Total Non‐Tax Revenues double in 2011‐12,triple in 2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐16

3 Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self‐Generated Income ( 1+2)

4 Assigned Revenues Assuming 5% growth

5 Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Assuming 4% growth form FY 2011‐




Matching grants) 12(Matching grant 3 to 7%) 6 Other Income Assuming 5% growth

7 Total Capital Grants Assuming 5% growth

TOTAL EXPENDITURE

1 Establishment Expenditure Assuming 5% growth except in 2011‐12 is 10%due to restructuring

2 O & M Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

3 Programme Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

4 Administration Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

5 Finance & Interest Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

6 Misc Expenditure Assuming 5% growthSource: SPUR;

E‐12 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS

The position of Corporation in revenue generation and revenue expenditure for the

period 2011‐2030 is given below Table E‐10. The expected income and expenditure

projection estimation is based on the projected figures for 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 obtained

from SPUR (Annexure IV). Based on data from 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 given by SPUR the

expected income and expenditure estimations of SNP for the rest of the period (from

2016‐17 to 2029‐30) has been calculated.

Table E‐10: expected income and expenditure of Sasaram Nagar Parishad

YEAR EXPECTED INCOME BASED

ON TRENDEXPECTED EXPENDITURE

BASED ON TRENDSURPLUS

2011‐12 312 98 214

2012‐13 357 103 254

2013‐14 402 108 294

2014‐15 448 113 335

2015‐16 494 118 376

2016‐17 539 123 416

2017‐18 585 128 457

2018‐19 630 133 497

2019‐20 676 138 538

2020‐21 721 143 578

2021‐22 767 148 619

2022‐23 812 153 659

2023‐24 858 158 700

2024‐25 903 163 740

2025‐26 949 168 781

2026‐27 994 173 821

2027‐28 1040 178 862

2028‐29 1085 183 902

2029‐30 1131 188 943

During all the years of investments of Parishad under its usual course of operations and

those under JNNURM put together are expected to get covered by the surplus of



revenue incomes over revenue expenses sufficiently. The existing financial obligations

in the form of capital incomes and expenditures have been adequately covered.

Growth rates of revenue income and revenue expenses are estimated very

conservatively. Table E‐11 shows that under expected income and expenditure pattern

the SNP will be in position to contribute its share in funding investment. The projected

pattern of income‐expenditure is expected to generate sufficient surplus to cover its

share of investment.

The requirement of Rs 3288.8 lakh in phase ‐ I as its share in investment is found to be

available from its generation of surplus in year 2015‐16. The additional requirement of

funds Rs. 2223 lakh in phase ‐II and Rs 269.6 lakh in phase‐ III will also be covered by

surplus generated in 2021‐22 and 2029‐30 respectively.

Table E‐11: expected income and expenditure of Sasaram Nagar Parishad

Year Surplus Cumulative Surplus Requirement of

Fund by Nigam for investment

Balance After Investment

2011‐12 214 214

3288.8 2012‐13 254 468

2013‐14 294 762

2014‐15 335 1097

2015‐16 376 1473 ‐1816 2016‐17 416 ‐1400

2223

‐1400 2017‐18 457 ‐943 ‐943 2018‐19 497 ‐446 ‐446 2019‐20 538 92 92 2020‐21 578 670 670 2021‐22 619 1288 ‐935 2022‐23 659 ‐276

269.6

‐276 2023‐24 700 424 424 2024‐25 740 1164 1164 2025‐26 781 1944 1944 2026‐27 821 2765 2765 2027‐28 862 3627 3627 2028‐29 902 4529 4529 2029‐30 943 5472 5202

E‐12 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II

The following Table E‐12 shows that in an average past three years trend‐based surplus

estimation by Alternate‐I is very higher than surplus estimated based on SPUR’s

assumption and projection of income during 2011‐2015 in Alternate‐II. Hence, the

funding of future projects and expected income and expenditure pattern of SNP has

been considered based Alternate‐II.



Table E‐12: Comparison of Financials of SNP by Two Alternatives

Rs in Lakh

Year Surplus Income of SNP based on

Alternate‐ISurplus Income of SNP Based on

Alternate‐II 2011‐12 359.83 214 2012‐13 450.14 254 2013‐14 540.46 294 2014‐15 630.77 335 2015‐16 721.09 376 2016‐17 811.40 416 2017‐18 901.72 457 2018‐19 992.03 497 2019‐20 1082.35 538 2020‐21 1172.66 578 2021‐22 1262.98 619 2022‐23 1353.29 659 2023‐24 1443.61 700 2024‐25 1533.92 740 2025‐26 1624.24 781 2026‐27 1714.55 821 2027‐28 1804.87 862 2028‐29 1895.18 902 2029‐30 1985.50 943


| Table of Contents i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐1 1.2 BACKGROUND ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐1 1.3 ABOUT ‘SPUR’ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐2 1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐3 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐4 1.6 SCOPE OF THE WORK ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐4 1.7 METHODOLOGY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐4 1.8 FRAMEWORK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐6 2 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐2 2.1 STATE BIHAR: AT A GLANCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐2 2.1.1 Introduction ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐2 2.1.2 Physical Features ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐2 2.1.3 Demographic Features ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐3 2.1.4 Work Participation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.2 DISTRICT ROHTAS: AN OVERVIEW ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.2.1 Location ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.2.2 Demographic Features ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.2.3 Work Participation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐5 2.2.4 Administrative set up ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐5 2.2.5 Economy ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐5 2.3 SASARAM: TOWN PROFILE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐5 2.3.1 Historical Importance ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐5 2.3.2 Location and Regional linkages ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐6 2.3.3 Physiography and Natural slope ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐6 2.3.4 Climate and Vegetation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐6 2.3.5 Existing Spatial Growth ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐6 3 DEMOGRAPHY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.2 SASARAM NAGAR PARISHAD AREA AND POPULATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.3 GROWTH TREND ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐2 3.5 POPULATION DENSITY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 3.6 HOUSEHOLD SIZE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 3.7 SEX RATIO ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 3.8 LITERACY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 3.9 SOCIAL COMPOSITION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 3.10 POPULATION PROJECTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 3.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐6 4 ECONOMY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 4.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 4.2 ECONOMIC BASE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 4.3 AREAS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐3 4.3.1 TRADE AND COMMERCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐3


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4.3.2 Formal and Informal Commercial ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐4 4.3.3 INDUSTRIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐5 4.3.4 TOURISM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐5 4.3.5 SERVICES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐5 4.4 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐5 4.5 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐5 4.6 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐6 4.6.1 Primary Sector ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐6 4.6.2 Agriculture ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐6 4.6.3 Trade and Commerce ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐7 4.6.4 Handicrafts and Handloom ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐7 4.6.5 Industrial ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐7 4.7 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐7 5 PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT (LAND USE) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐1 5.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐1 5.2 EVOLUTION OF TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐1 5.3 EXISTING SPATIAL GROWTH ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐1 5.4 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS AND EXISTING LAND USE ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐2 5.4.1 Sasaram Nagar Parishad Area ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐2 5.4.2 Residential Use: ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐3 5.4.3 Commercial use: ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐3 5.4.4 Industrial use: ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐3 5.4.5 Public Semi Public ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐3 5.4.6 Transport and Communication: ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐3 5.4.7 Others: ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐3 5.5 GROWTH DIRECTIONS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐4 5.6 PROPOSED LAND USE DISTRIBUTION, 2030 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐4 6 WATER SUPPLY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.2.1 Sources of Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.2.2 Coverage ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐2 6.2.3 Quantity of Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐2 6.3 WATER DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐2 6.3.1 Water distribution System zonewise: Northern & Southern Zone ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐3 6.3.2 Water Distribution Arrangements ‐ Tube Wells ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐4 6.3.3 Over Head Tanks/ Reservoirs: ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐4 6.3.4 Distribution Network: ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐5 6.3.5 Water treatment facility: ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐5 6.4 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS (AS PER UDPFI AND CPHEEO

GUIDELINES) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐5 6.5 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 6.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 6.7 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐7 6.7.1 Vision & Goals ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐7 6.7.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐7 6.8 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐8


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7 SANITATION AND SEWERAGE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.2 EXISTING SEWERAGE SYSTEM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.3 HOUSEHOLD TOILETS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.4 MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐2 7.5 PUBLIC TOILETS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐2 7.6 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS (AS PER UDPFI GUIDELINES)7‐3 7.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐3 7.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐4 7.9 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐4 7.9.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐4 7.9.2 Goals ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐5 7.9.3 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐5 7.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐6 8 DRAINAGE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.2 NATURAL SLOPE OF TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.4 HIERARCHY OF DRAINS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.4.1 Length of drains and Coverage ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐2 8.4.2 Flood Prone Area / Water logging areas ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐2 8.4.3 Household accessibility to drains ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐2 8.5 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐3 8.6 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐3 8.7 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐3 8.8 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐4 8.8.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐4 8.8.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐4 8.9 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐5 9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.2.1 Quantity of Waste Generated and Collected ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.2.2 Transportation and Disposal ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐2 9.2.3 Vehicles and Staff ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 9.2.4 Reuse / Recycling ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 9.3 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 9.4 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐4 9.5 ISSUES AND CONCERNS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐4 9.6 CITY SPECIFIC STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐5 9.6.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐5 9.6.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐6 9.7 PROJECT IDENTIFIED ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐6 10 ROAD AND TRANSPORTATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐1 10.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐1 10.2 REGIONAL LINKAGE TO THE CITY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐1 10.3 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF SASARAM TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐2


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10.4 INTERSECTIONS/ CHOWKS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐4 10.5 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐4 10.6 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐5 10.7 STREET LIGHT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐6 10.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐6 10.9 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐7 10.10 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐7 10.10.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐7 10.10.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐7 10.11 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐8 11 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.2.1 Education ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.2.2 Health ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐2 11.2.3 Other Socio Cultural Facilities ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐2 11.3 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐3 11.4 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐3 11.4.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐3 11.4.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐3 11.5 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐4 12 SERVICES TO THE URBAN POOR ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.2.1 Existing Slums in Sasaram ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.2.2 General Characteristics of Slums in Sasaram ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐2 12.2.3 Land Ownership/ Tenure Status ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐2 12.3 URBAN BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐2 12.3.1 Socio‐Economic Characteristics of Slum Population ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐2 12.3.2 Basic Infrastructure and Environmental Conditions ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐2 12.3.3 Drainage ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐3 12.3.4 Pavements/Roads ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐3 12.3.5 Sanitation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐3 12.3.6 Solid Waste Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐3 12.3.7 Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐4 12.3.8 Community Facilities and Institutional Structures ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐4 12.4 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐4 12.5 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐5 12.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐5 12.6.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐5 12.6.2 Goals and Service Outcomes ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐5 12.6.3 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐6 12.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐6 13 HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐1 13.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐1 13.2 PLACES OF TOURIST INTEREST: SASARAM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐1 13.2.1 Sher Shah Suri Tomb / Mausoleum ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐1


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13.2.2 Tomb of Hasan Khan Suri ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐2 13.2.3 Rohtasgarh/Rohtas Fort ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐2 13.2.4 Chaurasan Mandir:‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐3 13.2.5 Tomb of Chandan Shaheed:‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐3 13.2.6 Ashoka Inscription and a Rock‐cut Cave:‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐3 13.2.7 Tara Chandi Hill Temple:‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐3 13.2.8 Gurudwara Taksal Sangat ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐3 13.2.9 Dhurwan Kund & Gupta Dham/ Gupteshwar:‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐3 13.2.10 Deo Markandeya:‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐4 13.2.11 Bhaluni Dham:‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐4 13.2.12 Akbarpur:‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐4 13.2.13 Shergarh:‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐4 13.3 EXISTING STATUS OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS/AREAS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐4 13.4 TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐5 13.5 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐6 13.6 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐6 13.7 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐6 13.8 FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐7 14 ENVIRONMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.2 POLLUTION LEVELS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.2.1 Air Pollution ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.2.2 Noise Pollution ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐2 14.2.3 Water Pollution ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐2 14.2.4 Land Pollution ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐3 14.3 CITY GREEN SPACES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐3 14.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐3 14.5 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐5 15 URBAN GOVERNANCE AND REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐1 15.1 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐1 15.2 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN BIHAR ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐2 15.3 FUNCTIONS OF ULBS IN BIHAR ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐3 15.4 FUNCTIONS OF SASARM NAGAR PARISHAD ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐5 15.5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SNP ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐5 15.6 FINANCIAL POSITION OF SASARAM MUNICIPAL COUNCIL ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐8 15.7 URBAN REFORM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐8 15.8 MANDATORY REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐9 15.8.1 Reforms at Urban Local Body / Parastatal ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐9 15.8.2 Reforms at State Level ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐9 15.9 OPTIONAL REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐10 15.10 ADOPTION OF MUNICIPAL REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐10 15.10.1 Status of Mandatory Reforms at Sasaram Nagar Parishad ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐11 15.10.2 Status of Optional Reforms at Sasaram Nagar Parishad ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐12 15.11 ISSUES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐13 15.12 CITY SPECIFIC STRATEGIES AND IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐13 16 CITY VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐1 16.1 BACKGROUND ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐1


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16.2 CITY LEVEL SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐1 16.3 CITY LEVEL VISION 2030 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐2 16.4 DEVELOPMENT GOALS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐3 16.5 SECTORAL STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐3 17 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.2 BASIS FOR PROJECT IDENTIFICATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.3 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.4 SECTORWISE AND PHASEWISE PROJECTS AND INVESTMENT PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐2 17.4.1 Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐3 17.4.2 Sewerage ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐3 17.4.3 Drainage ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐4 18 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.2 FINANCIAL PROFILE : EXISTING SCENARIO ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.2.1 Sources of Revenue ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.2.2 Revenue Income ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.2.3 Growth of Income ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐2 18.2.4 Structure of Revenue ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐2 18.2.5 Efficiency in Tax Collection‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐3 18.3 REVENUE EXPENDITURE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐3 18.3.1 Growth of Expenditure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐4 18.3.2 Structure of Expenditure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐4 18.3.3 Surplus/Deficit ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐4 18.3.4 Financial Sustainability ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐5 18.4 INVESTMENT REQUREMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐6 18.5 FUNDING PATTERN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐7 18.6 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF SNP CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I) ‐‐ 18‐10 18.7 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF SNP BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)18‐11 18.7.1 Assumptions for Estimating SNP’s Financials ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐11 18.8 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐12 18.9 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐13 19 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐1 19.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐1 19.2 MONITORING UNIT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐2 19.3 PLAN REVIEW ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐2 19.4 CONVERTING DREAMS INTO REALITY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐2 20 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐1 20.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐1 20.2 STAGES OF STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐1 20.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE THREE WORKSHOPS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐2 20.4 OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐3


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List of Tables

Table 3.1:Population growth trends ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 Table 3.2: Population Size Distribution ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 Table 3.3: Number of households with different household size ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 Table 3.4: Sex ratio in last three decades‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 Table 3.5: Literacy rate in Sasaram Nagar Parishad area ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 Table 3.6: Social Composition of population in Sasaram ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 Table 3.7: Growth Rate and Projected Population; Sasaram City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 Table 4.1 : Work‐Force participation rate ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐2 Table 4.2: Occupational structure of the Town, 2001 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐2 Table 4.3: Trade and commercial activity, Sasaram ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐3 Table 4.4: SWOT Analysis of Economic Base ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐5 Table 4.5: Identified Projects for Economic Base: Sasaram Nagar Parishad ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐7 Table 5.1: Land Use as per UDPFI Guideline for future scenario : Sasaram Nagar Parishad ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐5 Table 6.1:No. of piped water connection, hand pumps and public stand posts in Sasaram ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐2 Table 6.2: Details of Tube‐Wells in Sasaram Nagar Parishad ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐3 Table 6.3: Details of Over head water tanks reservoirs and water sumps ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐4 Table 6.4: Distribution network line in Sasaram Nagar Parishad‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐5 Table 6.5: Gap in Water Supply: Sasaram, City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 Table 6.6: SWOT Analysis of Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 Table 6.7: Service Level Benchmarking‐ water Supply: Sasaram City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐7 Table 6.8: Identified Projects for Water Supply: Sasaram City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐8 Table 7.1: Sewerage future Generation, 2030: Sasaram City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐3 Table 7.2: SWOT Analysis of Sewerage and Sanitation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐3 Table 7.3: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking – Sewerage and Sanitation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐4 Table 7.4: Identified Projects for Sewerage System: Sasaram City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐6 Table 8.1: Demand and Supply Gaps of Drains: Sasaram town ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐3 Table 8.2: SWOT Analysis of Drainage‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐3 Table 8.3: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Storm water Drains & water Bodies8‐4 Table 8.4 : Identified to improve the drainage system of the Sasaram town ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐5 Table 9.1: Type and Number of Vehicles ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 Table 9.2: SWOT Analysis of Solid Waste Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐4 Table 9.3: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Solid Waste Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐5 Table 9.4: Projects Identified for Solid Waste Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐6 Table 10.1: Major Roads within the City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐3 Table 10.2: Length of Road Network ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐3 Table 10.3: Status of Street Lighting ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐6 Table 10.4: SWOT Analysis of Transportation: Sasaram Town ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐7 Table 10.5: Proposed Projects and Estimated Cost: Sasaram town ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐8 Table 11.1: Existing Educational Facilities, 2010: Sasaram town ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐2 Table 12.1: SWOT Analysis of Slums Sasaram Town ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐5 Table 12.2: Goals and Service Outcomes‐Basic Services for Poor ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐5 Table 13.1: Identified Projects for Heritage / Tourism: Sasaram Nagar Parishad ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐7


| Table of Contents viii

Table 15.1: Sate‐wise compliance of provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment, Act, 1992. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐2 Table 15.2 : Details of manpower resources in Sasaram Nagar Parishad ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐6 Table 15.3: Identified Projects ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐14 Table 17.1: City Investment Plan: 2011‐2030 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 Table 17.2: Economic Development ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐2 Table 17.3: Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐3 Table 17.4: Sewerage & Sanitation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐4 Table 17.5: Drainage ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐4 Table 17.6: Solid Waste Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 Table 17.7: Traffic & Transportation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 Table 17.8: Street Lights & Power ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 Table 17.9: Social Infrastructure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐6 Table 17.10: Services to Urban Poor ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐6 Table 17.11: Heritage and Conservation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐6 Table 17.12: E Governance ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐7 Table 18.1:Income of SNP (Rs. In Lakh) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐2 Table 18.2: Growth rate of SNP (In %)‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐2 Table 18.3: Growth rate of SNP (In %)‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐2 Table 18.4: Efficiency of tax collection ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐3 Table 18.5: Expenditure (Rs. In Lakh) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐3 Table 18.6: Growth rate of Expenditure (Rs. In Lakh) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐4 Table 18.7: Structure of Expenditure (In %) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐4 Table 18.8: Surplus and Deficit (Rs. In Lakh) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐5 Table 18.9: Financial Sustainability ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐5 Table 18.10: Fiscal Gap ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐6 Table 18.11: City Investment Plan: 2011‐2030 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐6 Table 18.12: Funding pattern of all phases: 2011 – 2030 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐7 Table 18.13: Funding pattern of Phases – I; (2011 – 2016) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐8 Table 18.14: Funding pattern of Phases – II; (2016 – 2021) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐8 Table 18.15: Funding pattern of Phases – III; (2021 – 2030) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐9 Table 18.16: Assessment of Requirement of Funds from Sources ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐10 Table 18.17: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐11 Table 18.18: Alternative Scenario: Assumptions based on past trend and projection by SPUR ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐11 Table 18.19: expected income and expenditure of Sasaram Nagar Parishad ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐12 Table 18.20: expected income and expenditure of Sasaram Nagar Parishad ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐13 Table 18.21: Comparison of Financials of SNP by Two Alternatives ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐14

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Multistage Exercise ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐3 Figure 1.2: Multistage Exercise ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐5 Figure 1.3 : Framework for SWOT Analysis ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐6 Figure 3.1: Population Growth Trend, 1901‐2001: ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐2 Figure 3.2: Sex Ratio from 1981 to 2001 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4


| Table of Contents ix

Figure 3.3: Literacy rate ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 Figure 3.4: Projected Population by Various Methods ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐6 Figure 4.1 : Type of Vendor's activities ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐4 Figure 5.1:Existing Land use distribution of Sasaram Nagar Parishad ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐2 Figure 15.1:Organisational Structure‐Sasaram Municipal Council ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐6 Figure 18.1 : Establishment costs by own resources. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐5

List of Maps

Map 2.1: Map of Bihar Map 2.2: Location of Sasaram

Map 2.3: Regional Network Map 2.4: City Map Map 3.1: Ward Map Map 4‐1: Commercial Activity Map 10.1: Strategic location of Sasaram Map 10.2: Road and Transportation Map 10.3: Proposed Transportation Infrastructure List of Annexure

Annexure I : Status of Basic Infrastructure of Slums In Sasaram Annexure II: Income & Expenditure For The FY 2008‐09 Annexure III: Income & Expenditure For The FY 2009‐10 Annexure IV: Financial Projection Report Annexure V: List of Participants


| Introduction i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1‐1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1‐1 1.2 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 1‐1 1.3 ABOUT ‘SPUR’ ........................................................................................................ 1‐2 1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP) .......................................................................... 1‐3 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT ........................................................................ 1‐4 1.6 SCOPE OF THE WORK ............................................................................................ 1‐4 1.7 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 1‐4 1.8 FRAMEWORK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE ............................................................... 1‐6

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Multistage Exercise ........................................................................................ 1‐3 Figure 1.2: Multistage Exercise ........................................................................................ 1‐5 Figure 1.3 : Framework for SWOT Analysis ..................................................................... 1‐6


| Introduction 1‐1

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION

This assignment seeks to provide support to various urban local bodies (ULBs) of Bihar

in preparing City Development Plan (CDP). This report will provide a comprehensive

long term strategy (Vision‐2030) further divided as immediate term (5 years), short

term (10 years), medium term (15 years) and long term (20 years) as well as City

Investment Plan (CIP). Based on these plans, the concerned ULBs will access funds

under GoI/GoB schemes, from SPUR supported by DFID as well as from their own as

well as other sources based on priority actions and projects identified in the CDP. The

CDP will also provide operational strategies for various sectors and present

implementable action plans for each viable sector. It will also provide a Financial

Operating Plan (FOP) to direct the ULBs for mobilizing various financial resources to

implement the identified projects. The CDP preparation is done through consultative

process as defined in the JNNURM’s City Development Plan preparation revised

toolkit.

1.2 BACKGROUND

In the last few years, the policy environment in Bihar has gone under significant change

with the formulation of several ‘reform oriented’ policies conducive to long term

development. The impact of these policies has not been as desired, largely on account

of limitations in implementing abilities. As a result, Bihar has continued to lag behind

other states. The urban sector in Bihar is small, with only 10 percent of the state’s

population classified as urban, but surprisingly, the state has as many as 138 urban local

bodies. The characteristics of majority of these bodies are mentioned below:

Deficiencies in the availability and accessibility of infrastructure and service

provisions;

Severely cash starved and highly dependent on grants, even for the payment of

staff salaries;

Coping with poverty pockets that are excluded from service networks and

Severely restricted in technical capabilities to utilize available funds for

infrastructure creation. The priorities for infrastructure creation are many and

require prioritization. It is the absence of a holistic approach that is severely

constraining the sustainability of interventions.



The overall scope of this assignment is the preparation of City Development Plans and

City Investment Plans for three urban local bodies, namely, Gaya Municipal

Corporation, Aurangabad Nagar Parishad and Sasaram Nagar Parishad. These three

towns have been identified for technical and investment support under the ongoing

Department for International Development (DFID, Government of United Kingdom) for

SPUR‐Support Programme for Urban Reforms in Bihar. Hence, Egis India Consulting

Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Faridabad has been appointed to prepare CDP and CIP for above

mentioned ULBs.

1.3 ABOUT ‘SPUR’

The SPUR is based on the premise that effective urban centres play a significant role in

economic growth and poverty reduction by providing the nuclei for greater economic

activity and services that can contribute to pro‐poor development. Over 60 percent of

India’s economic growth and 90 percent of government revenues in recent decades are

attributed to urban areas.

SPUR’s goal is “significantly accelerated economic growth and poverty reduction in

Bihar by 2014”. Its purpose is to “significantly enhance the ability of identified ULBs’ to

provide urban services and to attract private investments.”

The project will cover 28 urban centres, expected to become hubs for economic

activities, benefitting the wider state. It will directly improve the quality of services

received by 6.36 million urban citizens, of who 2.83 million are poor. It is also expected

that the programme will benefit large number of people from nearby rural areas who

depend on these urban centres. The project will promote state level institutions and

improve financial and managerial capacities, as well as accountability, of Urban Local

Bodies (ULBs). SPUR will achieve its purpose by delivering five mutually reinforcing

outputs:

effective policies and stronger institutions to promote and manage urban

development in place;

state and ULBs mobilize significantly increased resources for urban development

and manage them more effectively;

identified ULBs plan, implement and manage urban infrastructure and services

more effectively;

increased municipal capacity to attract private investment in urban areas;

empowered poor communities and socially excluded groups, increased access to

urban resources and livelihood opportunities

The above mentioned five outputs will strengthen key components (state level

institutions and their links with the centre; links between the state level institutions and

the ULBs; and links between the ULB governance structures, executive and the citizens’



Figure 1.1: Multistage Exercise

groups including private sector entities and citizens’ organizations) and functional areas

(policy making; planning; implementation; monitoring and evaluation; communication

and feedback mechanisms) that constitute the broad delivery chain leading to impacts

on the poor urban citizens.

Therefore, the CDP will draw strategic links with the ongoing SPUR programme, of

which supports following five thematic areas:

urban governance and planning;

municipal finance and accounting;

municipal infrastructure;

local economic development;

social development, poverty alleviation and livelihoods

1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP)

The City Development Plan prepared is both a

perspective and a vision for the future

development of a city. It presents the current stage

of the town’s development, sets out the directions

of growth and the thrust areas, and suggests

alternative routes, strategies, and interventions for

bringing about the change. It provides a framework

and vision within which projects need to be

identified and implemented. It establishes a logical

and consistent framework for the evaluation of

investment decisions.

The City Development Plan emphasizes on issues of priority of local concerns for urban

renewal and infrastructure like water supply; sewerage and solid waste management;

construction and improvement of drains/storm water drains, electricity,

construction/up gradation of roads, highways/expressways; parking lots/spaces;

sanitation, sports and cultural sites, capacity building of local bodies; disaster

management; development of heritage sites, preservation of water bodies, education,

health and other social infrastructure.

Cities with rapid growth in population are putting heavy pressure on services and the

urban local bodies are not been able to meet the demands and expectations. To

address the present and emerging infrastructure needs and services delivery gaps in

Sasaram town area the city development plan needs to be prepared. The key objective

of the plan is to formulate a development strategy for meeting the emerging challenges

of infrastructure, address the problems of urban mobility and create enabling

environment for the growth of economy.



1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT

The broad objective of this assignment is to visualize the town in the next 20 years.

Specific objectives of preparation of CDP include:

Define the growth directions and service up‐gradations in relation to the activity

mix/ growth;

Assess the demand‐supply gap in services to estimate and prioritize project

requirements;

Define specific rehabilitation and capital improvement needs with regards to

priority city infrastructure in both slums and other areas;

Define revenue enhancement and revenue management improvements

required to sustain the investment proposed;

Reforms required in local administration and service delivery to ensure financial

sustainability and improvements in service levels;

Suggest changes required at the local level to improve O & M of assets including

use of different institutional and PPP models and address common growth and

infrastructure issues

1.6 SCOPE OF THE WORK

The scope of the study and the activities to be carried out shall be as indicated in the

Terms of Reference. However, the scope of work defined in the TOR shall not be a

limiting factor for the CDP preparation. The CDP to be a meaningful document which

can be translated on the ground and help achieve development goals effectively, it has

to be contextual and close to the ground realities and priorities.

The City Development Plan is a multi stage exercise to be carried out in close

collaboration with the ULBs. Following are the various stages in the preparation of City

Development Plan for Sasaram City:

Inception Report

Interim Report

Draft CDP

Final CDP

1.7 METHODOLOGY

The City Development Plan (CDP) preparation is mostly based on the secondary data

collected from concerned departments and public reports. Some conclusions are also

based on site inspection and discussions with officials of concerned departments

engaged in providing and maintaining various infrastructure facilities and residents of

city area.



The City Development Plan presents the urban development issues, deficiency analysis

and a management framework outlining strategies and guidelines for future growth.

The CDP ‐ considered as an multi‐stage exercise ‐ takes into account the existing

situation including assessing the status of municipal services, its fiscal status,

operational and management procedures. (Figure 1.2).

The CDP also takes into consideration the works and plans of government and quasi‐

government agencies contributing towards the growth and development of the town.

The whole methodology is furthue classified into six major stages as indicated in the

Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2: Multistage Exercise

Strategies for Development

City Assessment

SWOT Analysis

Demand Supply Gap

Future Perspective & Vision

Parameters

Demography

Economic Base

Financial assessment of ULBs

Physical and Environment features

Infrastructure

Institutions

Provision of Basic Services especially to the urban poor

Multi Stakeholder

Consultations

City Investment Plan & Financial Alternatives

Prioritization & Phasing of Projects/Investments

Funding options

Financial Operation Plan

Revenue & Asset Management

Direction of Change & Expectations

Options and Strategies

Link with Reform Agenda

Criteria for Prioritisation



1.8 FRAMEWORK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE

Land, housing, urban development and provision of civic infrastructure are State subject

and under the purview of the State Government, under the constitution of India. The

State Government is empowered to enforce and enact necessary laws and frame

policies that support its governing function. However, Central Government plays a

significant role through allocation of funds and devolution of resources within the

national five‐year plans for development. The government of India introduced the

Constitution Amendment Act (74th ) in 1991. The constitution (74th Amendment Act),

1992 (CAA 74) refurbished the whole system of urban‐local self‐governance by

implanting a new structure of economy, municipal authorities with additional

devolution of functions, planning responsibilities and new system of fiscal transfers. It

accorded constitutional status to urban local bodies (ULBs) and prescribed a near

uniform local government structure valid across the country.

Figure 1.3 : Framework for SWOT Analysis



The twelfth schedule of the CAA74 has listed 18 function and responsibilities to Local

Bodies listed as below:

Urban Planning including town planning

Regulation of land‐use and construction of buildings.

Planning for economic and social developments

Roads and bridges.

Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.

Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management.

Fire services.

Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological

aspects.

Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the

handicapped and mentally retarded.

Slum improvement and up‐gradation.

Urban poverty alleviation.

Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds.

Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.

Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds and electric

crematoriums.

Cattle ponds; prevention of cruelty to animals.

Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths.

Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public

conveniences.

Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries”.


| Physical Features of town i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF TOWN ..................................................................... 2‐2 2.1 STATE BIHAR: AT A GLANCE ............................................................................... 2‐2 2.1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 2‐2 2.1.2 Physical Features ................................................................................................ 2‐2 2.1.3 Demographic Features ....................................................................................... 2‐3 2.1.4 Work Participation ............................................................................................. 2‐4 2.2 DISTRICT ROHTAS: AN OVERVIEW ..................................................................... 2‐4 2.2.1 Location .............................................................................................................. 2‐4 2.2.2 Demographic Features ....................................................................................... 2‐4 2.2.3 Work Participation ............................................................................................. 2‐5 2.2.4 Administrative set up ......................................................................................... 2‐5 2.2.5 Economy ............................................................................................................. 2‐5 2.3 SASARAM: TOWN PROFILE ................................................................................. 2‐5 2.3.1 Historical Importance ......................................................................................... 2‐5 2.3.2 Location and Regional linkages .......................................................................... 2‐6 2.3.3 Physiography and Natural slope ........................................................................ 2‐6 2.3.4 Climate and Vegetation ...................................................................................... 2‐6 2.3.5 Existing Spatial Growth ...................................................................................... 2‐6

List of Maps

Map 2.1: Map of Bihar Map 2.2: Location of Sasaram

Map 2.3: Regional Network Map 2.4: City Map


| Physical Features of town 2‐2

Map 2.1: Map of Bihar

2 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF TOWN

2.1 STATE BIHAR: AT A GLANCE

2.1.1 Introduction

Bihar is located in the eastern part of the country. It is an entirely land‐locked state,

although the outlet to the sea through the

port of Kolkata is not far away. Bihar lies

mid‐way between the humid West

Bengal in the East and the sub humid

Uttar Pradesh in the West which provides

it with a transitional position in respect of

climate, economy and culture. It is

bounded by Nepal in the north and by

Jharkhand in the South.

The Bihar plain is divided into two equal

halves by the river Ganga which flows

through the middle from west to east. Location of Bihar is Latitude (24°‐ 20'‐10" ~

27°‐31'‐15" N) and Longitude (82°‐19'‐50" ~ 88°‐17'‐40" E).

During most of British India, Bihar was a part of the Presidency of Bengal and was

governed from Calcutta. As such, this was a territory very much dominated by the

people of Bengal. All leading educational and medical centers were in Bengal. When

separated from the Bengal Presidency in 1912, Bihar and Orissa comprised a single

province. Later, under the Government of India Act of 1935, the Division of Orissa

became a separate province and the Province of Bihar came into being as an

administrative unit of British India. At Independence in 1947, the State of Bihar with the

same geographic boundary formed a part of the Republic of India until 1956. At that

time, an area in the south‐east, predominantly the district of Purulia, was separated

and incorporated into West Bengal as part of the Linguistic Reorganization of Indian

States. Patna is currently the capital of Bihar.

2.1.2 Physical Features

Bihar lies in the tropical to sub tropical region. Rainfall here is the most significant factor

in determining the nature of vegetation. Bihar has a monsoon climate with an average

annual rainfall of 1205mm.



The topography of Bihar can be easily described as a fertile alluvial plain occupying the

Gangetic Valley. The plain extends from the foothills of the Himalayas in the north to a

few miles south of the river Ganges as it flows through the State from the west to the

east. Rich farmland extended throughout the State. The major crops of the State are

paddy, wheat, lentils, sugarcane, jute, etc. Sugar cane is also grown in the West

Champaran. The principal fruits are mangoes, banana, jack fruit and litchis. This is one

of the very few areas outside China which produces litchis.

Bihar is richly endowed with water resources, both the ground water resource and

surface water resource. Not only does Bihar get good rainfall but it has considerable

water supply from the rivers which flow within the territory of the State. Ganga is the

main river which is joined by tributaries with their sources in the Himalayas.

Some of them are Saryu (Ghagra), Gandak, Budhi Gandak, Bagmati, Kamla‐Balan and

Mahananda. Among the wildlife, prominent are deer, bears, numerous species of birds,

wild owl and last but not the least, tiger. The forest around Valmiki Nagar, West

Champaran is one of the last remaining refuges of this highly endangered species.

Bihar is truly a splendid home for wildlife. There are a total of 21 wildlife sanctuaries

and 2 national parks in Bihar that makes it the best in the country for witnessing the

wonders of the nature. The area covered by each of them is quite huge which gives

ample space for the creatures to thrive in natural habitats. The state has taken special

initiatives to take care of the animals and maintain the fragile ecosystem. The wildlife

sanctuaries here are also renowned because they are home to some endangered

species whose number has increased over the last few years. Rajgir Wildlife Sanctuary

and Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary are the most famous of all the sanctuaries in Bihar.

2.1.3 Demographic Features

The state has a total geographical area of 94163 sq. km. and a population size of

39754714 (2001 Census) giving a density of 422 persons per sq. km. The details of the

total population of the State, as per 2001 Census.

In the State of Bihar 52 percent of total population is male and the rest (48 percent) is

female. It is also clear from the above table that 90 percent of the population of the

State resides in rural areas and the rest (10 percent) resides in urban areas.

As per Census 2001, the figures for sex‐ratio, population density per sq km and

percentage decadal growth rate are 921, 422 and 28.43, respectively, for the State of

Bihar.



2.1.4 Work Participation

The work participation in the State is 33.7 percent and non workers are 66.3 percent.

The work participation rate amongst males and females is 47.4 percent and 18.8

percent, respectively. Importantly, the work participation rate amongst the women is

also high that is 18.8 percent. It is interesting to note that the women of the State

participate in economic activities.

2.2 DISTRICT ROHTAS: AN OVERVIEW

2.2.1 Location

Located at 24‐30” – 25‐20" N latitude and 83‐14” – 83‐20”E longitude Rohtas district

has an area of about 3850 Sq.Kms and lies at a height of 108 m from the sea level.

Rohtas started functioning as an independent district in 1972 before which it was a part

of the Shahabad district. Sasaram is the headquarters of the Rohtas District. Rohtas is

surrounded by Bhojpur and Buxar district in the North, by Plamu and Garwah district in

the South, by Aurangabad and a part of Gaya district in the East and by Kaimur district

in the West. The important river flowing through the district is Sone. The location of

Rohtas district is presented below.

Map 2.2: Location of Sasaram

2.2.2 Demographic Features

Rohtas district covers an area of 3,847 sq. km. and has a total population of 24,50,748

(As per census 2001) giving a density of 698 persons per sq. km. which is much higher

than the corresponding figure of the state 422 persons per sq. km.

The district has 2450748 persons, out of which 1283485 (52 percent) are males and

1167263 (48 percent) are females. It is also worth mentioning here that 87 percent of

the total population of the district resides in rural areas and the rest (13 percent) in the

GayaAurangabad

Rohtas



urban areas. As per Census 2001, the district has a sex ratio of 909 which is worse than

the state’s 921. The literacy level in Rohtas district is 49.2%, a little higher side from

states i.e. 47.53 %.

2.2.3 Work Participation

As per census 2001 the overall work participation rate of Rohtas is 30.4 percent and non

workers are 69.6 percent. The work force participation rate amongst males and females

is 45.7 percent and 13.5 percent, respectively. The work force participation rate for

main workers is 22.23 percent and that for marginal workers is 8.14 percent.

2.2.4 Administrative set up

Sasaram city is the administrative head quarters of the Rohtas district. The district is

divided into 4 Sub‐Divisions, 19 Blocks, 244 Panchayats and 2088 Villages. The district

has 2 Nagar Parished, 4 Nagar panchayats and 1 zila parishad. It has 2 parliamentary

constituency and 7 assembly constituency.

2.2.5 Economy

Rohtas district has predominantly agricultural economy. Major crops produced in the

district include paddy and wheat. Agro‐based industries include vegetable oil mills.

Other industries include cement and paper mills.

2.3 SASARAM: TOWN PROFILE

2.3.1 Historical Importance

Sasaram is believed to be named after the sage Parashurama and the legendary King

Sahastrabahu. Sasaram was also the birthplace of Sher Shah Suri, who ruled Delhi from

1540 to 1545 AD. Hasan Khan and his father Ibrahim Khan Suri came to India and were

granted jagirs (land lordship) in Punjab. Their fortunes swayed with those of their

masters and latar Hasan moved to Jaunpur and finally to Sasaram. Sher Shah was born

in Narnaul and spent his childhood at Sasaram. The most important status was enjoyed

during 1539 AD to 1545 AD when sher shah after defeating the Mughal emperor

Humayun in 1539 became the emporer of India. Sher Shah developed Sasaram into a

successful administrative unit. It was an important trading post and often people came

here to buy horses. Later, Sher Shah built a mint here. He was a great reformer and

during his short tenure of emperorship he evolved the system of revenue

administration. His currency reform was followed by the Mughals and maintained by

the Britishers.



2.3.2 Location and Regional linkages

Sasaram is located at 24°57’N and 84°02’E. Sasaram is a town located in western part of

Bihar and district head quarter of Rohtas district. It is situated on NH‐2 (Shershah Suri

Marg) regionally connected with Delhi at a distance of 925 kms and with Kolkata at a

distance of 537 kms. The NH‐2 runs east to west and divides the town into two parts.

The town is connected to Patna; Capital of Bihar located on NH‐30 via Arrah through

SH‐12 emerges from NH‐2. Patna is 160 kms from Sasaram. The town is also lined with

Varanasi on the west and Gaya and Bodhgaya on the east through NH‐2.

Sasaram has a railway station which is located in the centre of the city on the Grand

Trunk Road. Sasaram railway station is an important on the Grand Chord Broad Gauge

Line of the Eastern Railway and is linked by rail to all the major cities in India. Major

train routes are crossing through Sasaram Railway Junctions. The trains which stop in

Sasaram include the Kalka mail, Purushottam Exp, Mahabodhi Exp, Kolkata Mail,

Jodhpur Exp, and Chambal Exp. Etc. (Refer Map 2.3, Regional Linkages of the town).

2.3.3 Physiography and Natural slope

The Town is situated at an altitude of 101 meters (331 ft) above mean sea level. The

kaimur hills are located at a distance of 12 Km forms the southern fringe of the town

and Kudra River runs at the southern side of the town.

The southern portion of the town has a rough topography with a slope from north to

south which including area such as Tara Chandi Hill Temple and Chandan Shaheed or

Peer while the northern and central town area is almost plain.

2.3.4 Climate and Vegetation

The average rainfall in Sasaram town is 900mm. The maximum and minimum

temperature of the town is 45OC and 5OC, respectively. The town enjoys a tropical

climate with May and June as the hottest months, December and January the coldest

and July and August as rainy months.

2.3.5 Existing Spatial Growth

Sasaram is located on the Grand Trunk Road; the famous Indian Highway built in the

reign of Sher Shah Suri in the mid 16th century also known as NH‐2. This road runs on

East‐West direction. At present the inter city as well as intra city traffic moves through

GT road and thus it is a highly congested road. One Bypass road for the Golden

Quadrilateral is proposed but not yet built. The town is growing linearly along GT Road.

The growth of the town is also observed towards south. Sone canal is acting as a

physical barrier for the growth of the town in northern and western side of the town.



The GT Road is dividing the town into two parts. The northern part of the city is mainly

developed along Arrah road. Again a railway line running parallel to the GT Road passes

through the town from west to east. The town is divided into 25 municipal wards as per

census 2001 out of which 3 wards are located to the north of railway line and the

remaining 22 wards are located to the south. Further Sasaram divided into 40 municipal

wards at present.

The town has number of water bodies which includes canal and water bodies around

heritage sites. Sone canal is outlining the northern and western boundary of the town.

(Map 2.4: Sasaram Nagar Parishad Map). The impressive structure of Sher shah Suri

tomb is standing in the middle of an artificial lake which is fed by Sone canal. There are

around 5 small water bodies in the town.


| Demography i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3 DEMOGRAPHY ................................................................................................... 3‐1 3.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 3‐1 3.2 SASARAM NAGAR PARISHAD AREA AND POPULATION ..................................... 3‐1 3.3 GROWTH TREND ................................................................................................ 3‐1 3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION .............................................................................. 3‐2 3.5 POPULATION DENSITY ........................................................................................ 3‐3 3.6 HOUSEHOLD SIZE ............................................................................................... 3‐3 3.7 SEX RATIO ........................................................................................................... 3‐4 3.8 LITERACY ............................................................................................................. 3‐4 3.9 SOCIAL COMPOSITION ....................................................................................... 3‐5 3.10 POPULATION PROJECTION ................................................................................. 3‐5 3.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ........................................................................................ 3‐6

List of Tables

Table 3.1:Population growth trends ................................................................................ 3‐1 Table 3.2: Population Size Distribution ........................................................................... 3‐3 Table 3.3: Number of households with different household size ................................... 3‐3 Table 3.4: Sex ratio in last three decades ........................................................................ 3‐4 Table 3.5: Literacy rate in Sasaram Nagar Parishad area ................................................ 3‐4 Table 3.6: Social Composition of population in Sasaram ................................................ 3‐5 Table 3.7: Growth Rate and Projected Population; Sasaram City ................................... 3‐5

List of Figures

Figure 3.1: Population Growth Trend, 1901‐2001: ......................................................... 3‐2 Figure 3.2: Sex Ratio from 1981 to 2001 ......................................................................... 3‐4 Figure 3.3: Literacy rate ................................................................................................... 3‐5 Figure 3.4: Projected Population by Various Methods ................................................... 3‐6

List of Maps

Map 3.1: Ward Map

Map 3.2: Ward Map


| Demography 3‐1

3 DEMOGRAPHY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The demographic characteristic, a major component in the formulation of a City

Development Plan, is analyzed in terms of the pattern of population growth and its

spatial spread within the city. The analysis reflects its population growth as excessive by

natural increase, in‐migration, and jurisdictional increase. The social composition of the

city’s population has been analyzed through indicators like population below poverty

line, scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population, age and sex structure and labour

force.

3.2 SASARAM NAGAR PARISHAD AREA AND POPULATION

Sasaram Nagar Parishad spreaded over an area of 10.9 sq.km with a population of

131,172 with a population density of 12034 persons per sq.km. Sasaram is administered

by a Municipal Council (Nagar Parishad) as local body. As per census 2001, Sasaram

Municipal Council Area is divided into 25 wards whereas presently it has been further

redistributed into 40 wards (Map 3‐1).

3.3 GROWTH TREND

As per census 2001, the population of Sasaram is 131172. Population of the city has

been increasing steadily. In the year 1921, population of the city was 22,308 persons.

Upto end of the year 2001, Population was increased to 131,172 persons. The average

decadal growth rate for last three decade (1971‐2001) was 39.8%, which is much above

the national growth rate of 21.34%. The highest growth rate was observed in the

decade of 1971‐1981 i.e. 52.14%. Since 1951 to 2001, the population of Sasaram has

been increasing at a brisk pace. Population change of Sasaram town and its growth rate

in last 10 decades which is shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1:Population growth trends

S.N Year Population Growth (in %)

1 1901 23,644

2 1911 23,097 ‐2.37

3 1921 22,308 ‐3.42

4 1931 25,175 12.85

5 1941 27,201 8.05

6 1951 29,265 7.59


| Demography 3‐2

S.N Year Population Growth (in %)

7 1961 37,782 29.1

8 1971 48,282 27.79

9 1981 73,457 52.14

10 1991 98,122 33.58

11 2001 131,172 33.68 (Source: Town Directory, 2001)

Figure 3.1: Population Growth Trend, 1901‐2001:

The population growth trend of the city shows decrease in growth rate in initial two

decades i.e. from 1901 to 1911 and 1911 to 1921. It has been observed from Table 3.1

and Figure 3.1 that population of Sasaram town is increasing since 1931 but the rate of

growth is very slow till 1951. From 1961‐2001, the growth of the town is very fast with a

growth rate ranging from 28‐52%. However the growth rate increased tremendously

during the last three decades (1971‐2001). The highest growth rate has been observed

in 1971 ‐1981 decade i.e. 52%. Sasaram is a tourist place as well as administrative

headquarter of Rohtas district. Other than that it has been functioning as an important

service cum commercial centre for its hinterland. This is indicated by the fact that

nearly 10 to 12 % of floating population visits the town daily to avail these facilities.

3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Sasaram is administered by Nagar Parishad as local body. The administrative limits of

Sasaram city encompass an area of 10.9 square kilometer. As per census 2001, there

were 25 municipal wards with population size of 131172. Further for election purposes

wards has been redistributed into 40 wards. Population in 40 elected wards varies from

2785 to 3786 (Map‐3‐2). Population size of each of the ward has been distributed into 3

ranges which are shown in Table 3.2.

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Population

Population growth trend


| Demography 3‐3

Table 3.2: Population Size Distribution

Sr.

No.

Population Size

Distribution

Number of

Wards Ward Numbers

1 2500 to 3000 13 2,3,11,18,19,20,34,35,36,37,38,39, & 40

2 3000 to 3500 14 1,5,6,8,9,10,23,24,25,26,27,28,29, & 33

3 > 3500 13 4,7,12,13,14,15,16,17,21,22,30,31, & 32

(Source: Spur cell)

Lowest population size of 2785 is of Ward no. 38 and the highest population size 3786 is

of Ward No. 21. It can be observed from the above table that there is not much

variation in the distribution of population in all the 40 wards.

3.5 POPULATION DENSITY

Sasaram is a class I town with a population density of 12034 persons person/ sq.km.

(120 P/Hact.). The southern part of the town (Old/Main town area) is very densely

populated. The eastern and western development along NH‐2 is sparsely populated and

the northern Sasaram is having medium density.

3.6 HOUSEHOLD SIZE

As per census 2001, there were 18225 household in Sasaram Nagar Parishad, for a total

population of 131172. Therefore the average household size in Sasaram works out to be

7.2 which are higher than the average house hold size of urban areas in the country

which is about 5. The number of household with different household sizes in Sasaram is

given below in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Number of households with different household size

Household size Total No. of Households in

Sasaram Nagar Parishad Percentage

6 ‐ 6.5 3743 20.5

6.5 ‐ 7 3986 21.9

7 ‐ 7.5 3889 21.3

7.5 ‐ 8 5092 27.9

8 + 1515 8.3

Total 18225 100.0 (Source: Based on Census of India 2001)

Approximate 28% of households are having household size in between 7.5 to 8 and

8.3% of household are having household size above 8.The higher household size is the

reflective of the prevalent joint family system in the city, it also indicate the lack of

housing facility in the city. As per the recent information from SPUR Cell and Sasaram

Nagar Parishad the total number of household in Sasaram are 28785.


| Demography 3‐4

3.7 SEX RATIO

Sex ratio is an important indicator of health and social status of women in society which

has direct and indirect bearing on other key indicators like child mortality. Thus, the sex

ratio in last three decades is shown in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4: Sex ratio in last three decades

Town Sex Ratio in 1981 Sex Ratio in 1991 Sex Ratio in 2001

Sasaram 877 890 882

(Source: Town Directory, 2001)

Figure 3.2: Sex Ratio from 1981 to 2001

(Source: Town Directory, 2001)

Sex ratio of Sasaram Municipal Council Area increased from 1981‐1991 and further

reduced in 2001, which is not a good indicator. Sex ratio of Sasaram town in 2001, 882

females per 1000 males is lower than the districts and states sex ratio of 909 females

per 1000 males and 921 females per 1000 males respectively hence there is a need to

improve the social status of the female in town.

3.8 LITERACY

Literacy rate is an important indicator of the socio‐economic status of the area. Overall

literacy rate along with male and female literates are shown in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5: Literacy rate in Sasaram Nagar Parishad area

Area Literates

Literacy Rate Male Female Total

Sasaram Nagar

Parishad

48997 34595 8359276.2%

58.6% 41.4% 100%

(Source: Census, 2001)

870

875

880

885

890

895

Female/1000 M

ale

Years

Sex Ratio

19911981 2001


| Demography 3‐5

Above table shows that out of the total number of literates in SNP, approximate 59 %

are male and 41% are females. Overall literacy rate of SNP is 76.2% higher than states

and districts average 47.5% and 51.1% respectively.

Figure 3.3: Literacy rate

3.9 SOCIAL COMPOSITION

Social Composition of town represents the percentage of Schedule Caste and Schedule

Tribe out of the total population. As per census 2001, 7% and 1% of the total population

are SC and ST respectively, which is also represented in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6: Social Composition of population in Sasaram

Social Composition Population Percentage of population

SC 9108 7%

ST 1775 1%

Others 120289 92%

Total Population of Town 131172 100%

(Source: Census 2001)

3.10 POPULATION PROJECTION

Growth rate of the city has registered steady increase during the last few decades from

1971 to 1981. Population has been projected as per all growth trend methods

(Arithmetic Method, Geometric Method and Exponential /Induced Growth Method) as

under:

There has been 33.68% growth rate of urban population in Sasaram city during decade

1991‐2001; Considering exponential growth method, it is calculated that the city will

grow with the grow from 178719 to 243208 during the decade 2011‐ 2021 and 322191

persons in the target year 2030.(Table 3.8 and Figure 3.5)

Table 3.7: Growth Rate and Projected Population; Sasaram City

S. N. Year Arithmetic Method Geometric

Method

Exponential / Induced

Method

1 1961 37,782 37,782 37,782

2 1971 48,282 48,282 48,282

59%

41% Literatecy Male

Literacy Female


| Demography 3‐6

S. N. Year Arithmetic Method Geometric

Method

Exponential / Induced

Method

3 1981 73,457 73,457 73,457

4 1991 98,122 98,122 98,122

5 2001 131,172 131,172 131,172

6 2011 169809 175430 178719

7 2021 247083 234621 243208

8 2030 351403 305868 322191

Source: Based on Census of India, 2001 and Statistical Calculation by EGIS INDIA

Figure 3.4: Projected Population by Various Methods

Source: Based on Census of India, 2001 and Statistical Calculation by EGIS INDIA

3.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS

As discussed earlier Sasaram has shown tremendous growth in the decades from 1971

to 2001 i.e. (Decadal @ 52.14%, 33.58% and 33.68% respectively). Thus integrated

planning, development and service delivery of the town including physical and social

infrastructure needs to be done to bridge the existing gap and to fill the future

requirement of the estimated population. The main issues and findings related to

demography of the town are as under‐

Population of Sasaram is increasing with a dynamic rate about more than 50%.

Thus, provision of infrastructure especially housing, water supply and sanitation

is crucial.

The sex ratio in Sasaram is 882 females per 1000 males, which is lower than the

states and districts sex ratio.

Work force participation rate in Sasaram is only 22.68%.

Literacy levels are lower. Only 58.6% of male and 41.4% of female are literate.

131172

169809.0

247083.1

351403.2

175430.3

234621.7

305868.34

178719.7

243208.4

322191.1

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000ArithmeticMethod

GeometricMethod

ExponentialGraphicalMethod


| Economy i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4 ECONOMY ................................................................................................... 4‐1 4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 4‐1 4.2 ECONOMIC BASE ............................................................................................... 4‐1 4.3 AREAS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ....................................................................... 4‐3 4.3.1 TRADE AND COMMERCE .................................................................................. 4‐3 4.3.2 Formal and Informal Commercial ..................................................................... 4‐4 4.3.3 INDUSTRIES ....................................................................................................... 4‐5 4.3.4 TOURISM ........................................................................................................... 4‐5 4.3.5 SERVICES ........................................................................................................... 4‐5 4.4 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ 4‐5 4.5 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ...................................................................................... 4‐6 4.6 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ............................................................................. 4‐6 4.7 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ....................................................................................... 4‐7

List of Tables

Table 4.1 : Work‐Force participation rate ....................................................................... 4‐2 Table 4.2: Occupational structure of the Town, 2001 ..................................................... 4‐2 Table 4.3: Trade and commercial activity, Sasaram ........................................................ 4‐3 Table 4.4: SWOT Analysis of Economic Base ................................................................... 4‐5 Table 4.5: Identified Projects for Economic Base: Sasaram Nagar Parishad ................... 4‐7

List of Figures

Figure 4.1 : Type of Vendor's activities ............................................................................ 4‐4

List of Maps

Map 4‐1: Commercial Activities


| Economy 4‐1

4 ECONOMY

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Development is a multi‐dimensional phenomenon. Some of its major dimensions

include: the level of economic growth, level of education, level of health services,

degree of modernization, status of women, level of nutrition, quality of housing,

distribution of goods & services, and access to communication. In Bihar, the progress of

economic development among districts and their urban centers are not uniform. This

study examines the existing variability of development and thereby identifying the

indicators responsible for the diversity in development.

The economic base is reference to the key sectors that drive the city’s economy. The

analysis has been focused for identifying the lead sectors of economy of the city, and

examining if the growth within the lead sectors likely to be maintained in plan period of

2010‐2030.

4.2 ECONOMIC BASE

Occupational structure of the populace is the primary indicator of nature of economy

and economic base of the town. Maximum working population is engaged in tertiary

sector mainly trade and commerce. The trade and commercial activities forms the

backbone of Sasaram town and the major commodities handles are Stone Chips, food

grains, clothing, ornaments, hardware, building materials, medicines etc. It is because

of the location of these economic activities that Sasaram has been serving as the

regional service center for its Hinterland and also in Rohtas district.

Sasaram has a rich heritage sites (including Shersah Suri Tomb, a world heritage site)

and various historical and important religious places. Bihar Government has also given

tourism, the status of an industry. Development works in this pursuit have been

undertaken.

Workforce participation rate (WFPR) in Sasaram Town is 22.7% which is much lower

than states and districts WFPR of 33.7% and 36.8% respectively. The detailed workforce

participation rates of Sasaram Nagar Parishad are shown in Table 4.1.


| Economy 4‐2

Table 4.1 : Work‐Force participation rate

Total

Pop

Total Workers WFPR Main Workers

Main

Workers

Marginal

Workers Total

Male Female Total

131172 26224

(88%)

3533

(12%)

29757

(100%) 22.68

24269

(92.5%)

1955

(7.5%) 26224


Above table shows that out of the total population about 23% is working showing that

economic activities and workforce participation level need to increase to improve the

employment level and hence to develop the town. Further it can be observed that 88%

of the working population are main workers, out of total main workers a little

contribution of females in the economy of the town.

Occupational structure of the population is the primary indicator of nature of economy

and economic base of the town. Occupational structure of the Sasaram Nagar Parishad

is being classified into four fold classification as per census 2001, primary census

abstract. Since main workers are major contributors to the economy of town, detailed

classification of main and marginal workers is shown in Table 4‐2.

Table 4.2: Occupational structure of the Town, 2001

Category of

Workers Main Workers Percentage

Marginal

Workers Percentage

Cultivator 708 2.6 152 4.30

Agricultural Workers 668 2.5 348 9.84

Household Industry

Workers 1328 5% 450 12.73

Other Workers 23520 89.8% 2583 73.11

Total 26224 100 3533 100


The occupational structure of the main workers of the

town reveals that 89.8% of the workers are ‘Other

Workers’ which are from the segment of other activities

(which constitute all Government servants, Municipal

employees, teachers, factory workers, construction

workers, those engaged in trade and commerce, business,

transport, banking, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment, artists,

all excluding agricultural and household industry workers and 5% are engaged in

household industries.

Though agriculture related industries forms one of the major economic bases of the

town because of the fertile land around the town but Cultivators and Agricultural

workers of the city constituted very less portion. But Hinterland areas are main source


| Economy 4‐3

of agricultural productivity and Sasaram is act as economic and business center for

them.

4.3 AREAS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Sasaram is primarily an administrative headquarter, but the main backbone of its

economy is trade and commerce. It has been functioning as important service cum

commercial center for its hinterland. As per the UIDSSMT scheme report for Sasaram,

nearly 10‐12 % floating population visits the town daily to avail of these facilities.

As discussed earlier Trade and Commerce is the major economic base of the town. Also

agriculture related industries like rice polishing is one of the major economic activities

of the town. Because of the fertile land around the town it acts like a local trading

center for food grains, agricultural products, agricultural equipments etc. This region is

also known as ‘Dhan Ka Katora’ (a bowl of food grains). The rice collected through the

open market in Sasaram is sold in the markets of Kolkata and New Delhi also (Map 4.1).

4.3.1 TRADE AND COMMERCE

The town has emerged as major trade and commercial centre of the district. People are

mostly engaged in trade and commerce, selling agriculture produce and apparel,

basically of rice, tussar silk etc.

Sasaram acts as a regional service cum commercial centre

for its hinterland and for the whole district. The main

commodities of the local trading centre are Stone Chips,

food grains, cloths, ornaments, building materials,

medicines etc. The major

centers are Gandhi Path,

Chaukhandi, Gola Market, and Navratan Bazaar. These are

all situated in the southern portion of the city. In addition to

that a town has agriculture market yard for marketing of

food grains and its storage in the north of Sasaram. The type

of trade and commercial activity is given below in Table 4.2.

Table 4.3: Trade and commercial activity, Sasaram

Activity Type of Product

Whole Sale Agricultural products

Retail Clothes/Household products etc

Commercials Clothes, Food, Fruits and vegetable, medicines etc



| Economy 4‐4

4.3.2 Formal and Informal Commercial

Street vending is one of the means of earning livelihood, as it requires minimal financial

input and the skills requirement are also low. A large section of street vendors in urban

areas comprises those people who migrated to cities from

rural areas in search of employment. Street Vendors, on the

other hand are self‐employed and self income generators.

Sasaram today is growing very rapidly receiving large chunk

of migrants from the district. In such a circumstance street

vending will be a major source of livelihood. The total

numbers of vendors in Sasaram are 1980 out of which 65.25 percent are fixed and

34.74 percent are mobile. Around 16% percent sell fruits and 28% vegetable, 16% sell

Non Veg. items etc, 23% sell processed food, 8% cloths and 9% percent falls under

other’s category.

Figure 4.1 : Type of Vendor's activities

Source: SPUR Cell

Other than this, there are informal commercial markets and shops in the form of

encroachment. Most of these commercial activities are concentrated near station or

bus stand area, along NH‐2, all Major Roads and Chauks of the city i.e. mainly on GT

Road (NH‐2), Gandhi Path, Bauliya Road, Shersah Suri Road, etc.

28%

16%

16%

8%

23%

9%

Type of Vendor's activities

Vegetable

Fruit

Non Veg

Cloth

Food

Others

65%

35%

Type of locations

Totalfixed

Totalmoving


| Economy 4‐5

4.3.3 INDUSTRIES

Sasaram has agriculture processing industries like rice

polishing, flour mills etc Apart from that Stone crushing is

another important activity which is popular here. Town has

around 400 small and medium stone crushers units. There

are also few small units for Tyre moldings, Tractor and

vehicle repairing units etc also as part of economic activities

in the town.

4.3.4 TOURISM

There are many monuments in the town of Sasaram. These monuments are of historical

importance. A world heritage site Sher Sah Suri tomb dedicated to the great emperor

Sher Shah Suri is the chief attraction in Sasaram. The tomb is located right in the midst

of an enormous lake, which is manmade. There are other sites also included Hasan Sur

Khan tomb, Sher Shah Suri’s father, Sukha Rauza, Samrat Ashoka Pillar and Maa Tara

Chandi’s temple, Gurudwara Taksal Sangat, Deo Markendya, Bhaluni Dham etc.

The town has many economic activity related to tourism and religion like hospitality

industry, eateries, and local products etc. They mainly sell their products locally which

need to be promoting outside. People sell these products through middle men which

reduces the profits of the product maker. Sasaram should be developing in the way that

this attracts the tourists coming to Gaya, Bodhgaya, Nalanda and Rajgir.

4.3.5 SERVICES

Almost 45 % of the total workers of the city are included in the service sector. Service

sector mainly includes Government servants, Municipal employees, teachers, banking,

political and public representatives or social workers, etc.

4.4 SWOT ANALYSIS

Table 4.4: SWOT Analysis of Economic Base

Strengths Opportunities

Agriculture rich hinterland.

Strong Connectivity of road through to

NH‐2 (GT Road) and railway.

Availability of large skilled and non‐skilled

labourers/ human resources.

Strong potential to promote agro

processing units/industries in the town.

Opportunity to promote stone

mining/crushing industries.

Potential of Heritage Tourism.

Weakness Threats

Unorganized market base or commercial

centers.

Encroachments by shops in all market and

Lack of employment opportunities within

the city.

Encroachments and pollution is major


| Economy 4‐6

bazaar road.

Informal activities along main road

congesting roads.

apprehension.

Deterioration of heritage and tourist

sites.


Work force participation is very low and it shows

lack of opportunity in Sasaram.

Demand for commercial services is steadily

increasing, but in absence of adequate initiatives

to develop organised commercial areas, the

informal sector in the form of street vending is encroaching upon road space

along major roads and footpaths leading to traffic congestion including

pedestrians.

Poor and weak infrastructure facility unable to support economic base.

There are no special commodity based markets and wholesale markets in

Sasaram. Commercial activities are concentrated only along GT Road and few

major busy congested stretches.

There is a need to facilitate the informal sector activities in the town which is

present in city to a significant extent in a more organised manner.

4.6 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

Sasaram today is growing very rapidly receiving large chunk of migrants from the

district. Need to organize street vendors so that they have specific vending zone and

access to the basic services.

Promotion of tourism due to presence of number of historical sites specially

presence of world heritage sites. In addition to this other historical and religious

sites to support the local economy.

Organised commercial areas (commercial complexes) should be developed in a

decentralized manner to decongest the busy streets. This will also meet the

higher order commercial needs of the town as a well as its hinterland.

More incentives should be given to promote Household industry.

Provision of Industrial and Export Promotion Zones for enhance trade leading to

economic development.

New and modern techniques should be introduced in hand embroidery, stone

art ware and wood inlay to revive its market and produce quality product to

compete with market.

Modern communication facilities like internet and e‐marketing should be made

available and common facility centers and R& D Centers should be developed

for household industries to tap the market opportunities.


| Economy 4‐7

Agricultural produce processing units (Agro based Industries) may be

encouraged to get established in organized sector with all infrastructural

facilities.

Industrial promotion zone to be developed at appropriate sites to promote

household industries.

Private Participation should be promoted in developing commercial and

industrial areas.

4.7 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS

Table 4.5: Identified Projects for Economic Base: Sasaram Nagar Parishad

S.N PROJECTS

Phase – I

(2011‐16)

Phase ‐ II

(2016‐21)

Phase – III

(2021‐30)

Qty. Qty. Qty.

a Renovation of existing Nagar Parishad

Markets 3 Nos. 2 Nos. ‐

b

Sheds & Promotion Zone to accommodate

household and small scale Units/

industries etc.

1 Nos.

(75 Sheds) ‐ ‐

c Shopping / Commercial Complexes 1 Nos. 1 Nos. ‐

d Platforms for Weekly Market/

Vegetable/fruits. 1 Nos. 2 Nos. ‐


| Physical Planning and Growth Management i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

5 PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT (LAND USE) ................... 5‐1 5.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 5‐1 5.2 EVOLUTION OF TOWN ......................................................................................... 5‐1 5.3 EXISTING SPATIAL GROWTH ................................................................................ 5‐1 5.4 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS AND EXISTING LAND USE ANALYSIS ........................ 5‐2 5.4.1 Sasaram Nagar Parishad Area .............................................................................. 5‐2 5.4.2 Residential Use: ................................................................................................... 5‐3 5.4.3 Commercial use: .................................................................................................. 5‐3 5.4.4 Industrial use: ..................................................................................................... 5‐3 5.4.5 Public Semi Public ................................................................................................ 5‐3 5.4.6 Transport and Communication: ........................................................................... 5‐3 5.4.7 Others: ................................................................................................................. 5‐3 5.5 GROWTH DIRECTIONS ......................................................................................... 5‐4 5.6 PROPOSED LAND USE DISTRIBUTION, 2030 ........................................................ 5‐4

List of Tables

Table 5.1: Land Use as per UDPFI Guideline for future scenario : Sasaram Nagar Parishad ......................................................................................................................... 5‐5

List of Figures

Figure 5.1:Existing Land use distribution of Sasaram Nagar Parishad ............................ 5‐2


| Physical Planning and Growth Management 5‐1

5 PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH

MANAGEMENT (LAND USE)

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Land and its use form the base of any development. Land is the most crucial economic

tool for planned development of the urban areas and achievement of social objectives

through its judicious allocation for future use.

5.2 EVOLUTION OF TOWN

Sasaram is a town located in western part of Bihar. It is the district headquarters of

Rohtas district of Bihar. Sasaram is the largest town of Rohtas district in terms of

population and second largest in terms of area. It has always remained a major growth

centre of the district. Sasaram is the 18th largest city of Bihar in terms of area and is

13th most populous city of the State.

Traditionally it is believed to be named after the sage Parashurama and the legendary

King Sahastrabahu. Sasaram was also the birthplace of Shershah Suri, who ruled Delhi

from 1540 to 1545 AD. Earlier in 16th century Shershah Suri developed Sasaram into a

successful administrative unit.

5.3 EXISTING SPATIAL GROWTH

Sasaram is developed along all the major corridors passing through the city. The NH‐2

and Grand chord line of eastern Railway divide the Sasaram town in two parts such as

northern and southern zone. Approximately one third of the town is located in the

northern part and two third portions are located in the southern part. Major Roads are

Sasaram‐Bikramganj‐Arrah Road (SH‐12) is running in north south direction and enters

the town from north similarly; and Kochas‐ Sasaram Road are also running in the north‐

south direction and enters the city from its northern fringe. The town has number of

water bodies which includes canal and lakes. Sone canal is outlining the northern and

western boundary of the town. Major portion of the town is located on southern side of

GT Road. The northern part of the city is mainly developed along SH‐12.



5.4 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS AND EXISTING LAND USE ANALYSIS

5.4.1 Sasaram Nagar Parishad Area

Sasaram is a class I town spread over an area of 10.9 sq.km with a population of

131,172 with a population density of 12034 persons per sq.km. Sasaram is administered

by a Municipal Council (Nagar Parishad) as local body. As per census 2001, Sasaram

Municipal Council Area is divided into 25 wards whereas presently it has been further

redistributed into 40 wards.

The town has grown in an organic way without any Master plan or comprehensive

development plan. Therefore the land use of the city has been analyzed through

recognition survey by the consultants. Like any other Indian cities major portion of the

city is under residential land use. Major residential development can be seen along SH‐

12, and Kochas‐Sasaram Road. The southern part of the town contains mainly

commercial areas like Gandhi Bazar, Choukhandi, Gola market, Navratan bazaar, Fish

and vegetable market etc. In addition this portion also contains the Main hospital and

90% of the total educational institutions. One major commercial activity in the northern

part of the town is the Agriculture market yard. All the government offices are located

along NH‐2 i.e. District Collectorate, Sub Divisional offices, Deputy Police

superintendent office, Nagar Parishad office, central government offices etc. NH‐2 is

also serving as the major commercial Road as well as all the recreational facilities are

also located along NH‐2 comprising of 3 cinema halls, 1 stadium and 1 municipal park

(Nehru Park close to Sasaram Railway station). The bus stand is located between the

north of NH‐2 and south of Grand chord Railway line and is served by the SH‐12 (Arrah‐

Sasaram Road). The famous Sher Shah Mausoleum lies in the heart of the city but in

southern of NH‐2.

The approximate percentage of existing land use distribution is given below in figure 5.1

as per Sasaram Nagar Parishad.

Figure 5.1:Existing Land use distribution of Sasaram Nagar Parishad

(Source: Sasaram Nagar Parishad)

65%7%

10%

14%

1%1%2% Residential

Commercial

Transportation

Public/Semi Public

Industrial

Recreational



5.4.2 Residential Use:

Residential land use in the town is about 65 % of the total area of town. According to

the UDPFI guidelines, 35‐45% of the area should be under residential land use. These

areas need to be well planned to accommodate future growth. Most of the residential

development is concentrated in wards located in town core and southern part of the

town area and along the major Old G.T Road areas.

5.4.3 Commercial use:

Presently under commercial use is 7.0 % to total area, which is inadequate as

recommended under UDPFI Guidelines (4 ‐ 5 % of the total land area can be brought

under commercial use). Market areas of the town are mainly consisting of retail

activities. Some commercial activities in the town have come up after encroachment

along roads and some are in the form of mixed land use.

5.4.4 Industrial use:

Around 1.0 % to total area is under industrial, which is inadequate and very low as

recommended under UDPFI Guidelines (10‐ 12 % of the total land area can be brought

under industrial use). The town has a number of industries and industrial estates,

mainly of consumer goods. There is lot of land available for industries in the town in

the form of vacant land and open spaces. Some tract of this land could be developed as

industrial zone.

5.4.5 Public Semi Public

Almost 14 % area of the town comes under Public Semi Public as compared to

recommended 12‐14%.

5.4.6 Transport and Communication:

About 10% area of the town has been under transportation use. It is not adequate as

per the recommended 12‐14% in the UDPFI guidelines for large cities. The roads of the

town except all highways and major roads have widths varying between 3.0 to 18.0 mts.

There are also encroachments on the roads. There is need of improvement and

strengthening of existing transportation network, Bus Terminals and truck terminal, etc.

5.4.7 Others:

2% is under other category which includes vacant land and water bodies. This area

needs to be conserved as Sasaram is a drought prone area.



5.5 GROWTH DIRECTIONS

It is clear that the Land use distribution in Sasaram is not as per standards. The

percentage of residential and commercial land use i.e. 65% and 7% resp. is higher than

the standards which should be 40 to 45 % and 3 to 4% resp. The major concern is

Recreational Land use which is just 1%, much lesser than the standards i.e.18 to 20%.

The unplanned distribution of land use has resulted in congestion, poor quality of

Infrastructure in Sasaram city.

The major part of the city is located on the southern part of the GT Road and it

comprises of high density residential area, congested streets and crowded market

places. The area of the town is not increased from last many decades thus because of

the unavailability of land and congestion in southern part of the city, there is less

growth prospects in this area in future.

On the other hand, if we look after the overall image of the town, its growth is taking

place in linear pattern along NH‐2 (GT Road). This growth is not systematic and is in

haphazard manner which will create problem in providing Infrastructure facilities. As

discussed earlier the Sasaram city is growing along major corridor i.e. along NH‐2 in

eastern and western direction and in Northern direction mainly along SH‐12

(Bikramganj‐Arrah Road). But because of the Sone canal outlining the western and

northern boundary of the town it is acting as a constraints for future growth in these

direction. Thus maximum growth prospect is in Eastern, North eastern and south

eastern area of the town.

5.6 PROPOSED LAND USE DISTRIBUTION, 2030

Sasaram should have Master Plan for the year 2030 with clear strategy of land use

development on the ground.

The location and provision of various land uses in the City Development Plan should be

based on the following considerations ‐

By the year 2016, total population of the town will be increased to about

225917 persons from 131172 persons in the year 2001 and further to 287614

persons in the year 2021 and 411009 persons in the year 2030.

By the end of the year 2030 as population of the town will approximately of 5

lakhs. Considering the density guidelines, as per UDPFI guidelines, the average

density of the town should be 60‐90 ppha.



Sasaram has unique characteristics that it has tremendous potential for

development of heritage tourism based economy and also as an agro based

industrial and regional growth service center.

Table 5.1: Land Use as per UDPFI Guideline for future scenario : Sasaram Nagar Parishad

SN Land use UDPFI (% to Total)

1. Residential 35‐45

2. Commercial 4‐5

3. Public Semi Public 14‐16

4. Recreation 18‐20

5. Transportation 12‐14

6. Industrial 10‐12

7. Agricultural Existing

8. Vacant & Barren Land Balanced

9. Water Bodies Balanced

Total 100 Source: Based on UDPFI Guidelines

Thus keeping the above factors in mind, the land use distribution for the year 2030 has

been proposed according to the UDPFI guidelines. (Table 5.1)

The above land uses have been proposed as per the UDPFI guidelines. It is thus seen

that the vacant land will be completely utilized by the year 2030. About 35‐45 % of the

total area is proposed under residential use; commercial area will be established in a

planned manner with the help of some market places. It would help to plan more

commercial facilities in a limited place. Therefore, area under commercial should be

from 4% to 5% of town area.

The transportation sector of the town needs to be organized to facilitate its apparent

growth in planned manner. Existing transportation network of the town will be

strengthened. The kutcha pathways and minor roads will be developed as pedestrian

friendly. Available vacant land and some area from open spaces would be planned

under industrial and recreational use. Land under recreation has been proposed 18%

need for recreational facilities for sustainable tourism in the town region.

About 12% of the land area has been allotted for industrial use, as Sasaram has huge

potential to be developed as a trade center for the entire region.


| Water Supply i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

6 WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................................ 6‐1 6.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 6‐1 6.2 EXISTING STATUS .............................................................................................. 6‐1 6.2.1 Sources of Water Supply................................................................................... 6‐1 6.2.2 Coverage ........................................................................................................... 6‐2 6.2.3 Quantity of Water Supply ................................................................................. 6‐2 6.3 WATER DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS ......................................................... 6‐2 6.3.1 Water distribution System zonewise: Northern & Southern Zone .................. 6‐3 6.3.2 Water Distribution Arrangements ‐ Tube Wells ............................................... 6‐4 6.3.3 Over Head Tanks/ Reservoirs: .......................................................................... 6‐4 6.3.4 Distribution Network: ....................................................................................... 6‐5 6.3.5 Water treatment facility: .................................................................................. 6‐5 6.4 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS (AS PER UDPFI AND CPHEEO

GUIDELINES)...................................................................................................... 6‐5 6.5 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ 6‐6 6.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ...................................................................................... 6‐6 6.7 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES .............................. 6‐7 6.7.1 Vision & Goals ................................................................................................... 6‐7 6.7.2 Development Strategies ................................................................................... 6‐7 6.8 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ....................................................................................... 6‐8

List of Tables

Table 6.1:No. of piped water connection, hand pumps and public stand posts in Sasaram ........................................................................................................... 6‐2

Table 6.2: Details of Tube‐Wells in Sasaram Nagar Parishad .......................................... 6‐3 Table 6.3: Details of Over head water tanks reservoirs and water sumps ..................... 6‐4 Table 6.4: Distribution network line in Sasaram Nagar Parishad .................................... 6‐5 Table 6.5: Gap in Water Supply: Sasaram, City ............................................................... 6‐6 Table 6.6: SWOT Analysis of Water Supply ..................................................................... 6‐6 Table 6.7: Service Level Benchmarking‐ water Supply: Sasaram City ............................. 6‐7 Table 6.8: Identified Projects for Water Supply: Sasaram City ....................................... 6‐8


| Water Supply 6‐1

6 WATER SUPPLY

6.1 INTRODUCTION

The quality and adequacy of urban infrastructure directly influence the quality of life of

the residents. The infrastructure profile refers to the status of infrastructure and utility

systems in the city. Its analysis has been indicated the adequacy or inadequacy of

infrastructural services in terms of coverage, quantity, and quality. The gap between

demand and supply of different infrastructural services has been measured. The cost of

delivering services and recoveries made from them has also been reviewed.

Urban growth both spatially and population wise puts pressure on infrastructure,

particularly water supply, sewerage, solid waste, drainage, electricity, road network etc.

Unless infrastructure is improved to the required level, quality of life suffers. Most

importantly, it influences economic development of the city and investment climate.

Public Health Engineering Department (P.H.E.D.) is responsible for planning, design and

construction of major works, and for operation of the water supply system, while

Sasaram city constructs hydrant points, regulates permits for connections and

collection of water tariffs. Repairs and replacement are carried out as a part of

government funded projects, rather than out of own sources.

In absence of any perennial source of water, water is being supplied in town from

ground water with the help of tube wells. Water supply system has been divided into

two parts for convenience of infrastructure development for north side and south side.

A detailed analysis has been done by consultants to study the service level of the

present water supply scheme and requirement of system to serve the population till

2030 by understanding the existing water supply system, present gap and future

requirement which has explained in subsequent sections.

6.2 EXISTING STATUS

6.2.1 Sources of Water Supply

At present source of water supply in Sasaram is ground water i.e.

piped water supply and bore wells (Hand pumps and Power bores).

Households are connected to tap water supply hand pumps, tube

wells, and also from unprotected sources like wells, canal, springs,

& other sources and therefore is subjected to water born diseases.



Quality of Water at source

The ground water quality in is assessed to be average. Sodium Hydrochlorides and

Bleaching powder is used as a disinfectant for water purification. There is no treatment

plant for treatment of water. Water supplied directly from ground.

6.2.2 Coverage

At present about 30% of population is covered with piped water supply at the rate of

only 25 to 30 LPCD. There is severe problem of water supply in town. Around 70% of

the town is not having access to water. Large number of population is dependent on

their own connection, community connection and other sources.

Above that untreated ground water is being supplied due to which various diseases are

common in the town. Number of public hand pumps and public stand posts are given

below in Table no. ‐ 6.1

Table 6.1:No. of piped water connection, hand pumps and public stand posts in Sasaram

Description Quantity

Total number of households with direct water supply connection 7044

Total number of public hand pumps (Nos.) 510

Total number of public hand pumps in slums (Nos.) 210

Total number of public stand posts (including slums) 225

Total number of public stand posts in slums (Nos.) 60

Total number of power bores/ Tube wells (Nos.) 9

Average hours of pressurized supply per day (n Hrs.) 4 Source: PHED Sasaram, SPUR Cell

The total hand pumps in town is 510 in which 210 in slum areas and 225 public stand

posts in town out of 60 in slums. Sasaram is divided in to 4 major water distribution

zones such as northern zone and southern zone.

6.2.3 Quantity of Water Supply

As per SPUR, 4.38 MLD of water is supplied every day in town in 4 zones but broadly in

2 zone such as northern zone and southern zone through tube wells. The rate of supply

is about 25‐30 LPCD. The average hours of pressurized supply per day to each zone are

4 hours

6.3 WATER DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS

The city is divided broadly into 2 zones for the purpose of water supply (northern zone

and southern zone). The railway line divides the whole town in to two parts‐ the north

part and the south part. The north side of railway line covers very few wards and

supplied by Baijala pumping plant where southern part is covered almost most of the



Photo 6‐1: Water Tankers at PHED

wards which is mainly supplied by Karwandia pumping plant. The water is supplied

through reservoirs as well as direct pumping. The water is supplied directly in Baijala,

DM Colony and New area mohalla.

Water crisis is faced mostly by people in northern side of railway due to inadequate

water pumping facilities and lack of distribution system.

Table 6.2: Details of Tube‐Wells in Sasaram Nagar Parishad

Name of the Tube well Size Discharge (Gallons per

hour)

Year of Installation

Daily Hours of operation

Pump No‐6 Karwandia 14*12 35000 1985 18




New Pump

Pump No‐1 14*12 40000 2008 18

Pump No‐2 14*12 40000 2008 18

Pump No‐3 14*12 40000 2008 18

Baijala pump 12*8 15000 1990 8

Fazalganj 10*6 4000 1985 12Source: P.H.E.D, UIDSMT Report, 2007 Sasaram Nagar Parishad

6.3.1 Water distribution System zonewise: Northern & Southern Zone

Sources of Water Supply system/ Pumping Station

In northern side Baijala pumping station is the main source where as in

southern side the main source of water is Karwandia pumping station.

Number of H.Y. Tub well (functioning)

Only 1 tube well is available for pumping in northern zone but in southern side

there are 4 tube wells available for water pumping.

Quantity of water supplied (in percentage of total supply)

Southern zone (5837 KLD) has more than 7 times higher quantity of water

supply than northern zone (730 KLD).

Population coverage

Total coverage is 30 % at town level and

out of which only 26 % of populations are

covered in northern zone and 74% of

population covered in southern zone.

Pump capacity at source

In northern area only 1 pump is available

for water pumping and capacity of pump is

only 15 H.P. where as in southern area 4 nos. of pumps are available with the

capacity of 265 H.P.



Storage reservoir

In northern area there is no reservoir available but in southern zone there are 3

water reservoirs available with the capacity of 350000 Gallon (Sump House),

50000 Gallon (Over head tank) and 100000 Gallon (Over head tank) capacity.

Level of water supply

Water supply in entire town is about 30 LPCD. There uneven distribution and

inadequate supply of water per capita in northern and southern zone such as

62.76 LPCD in southern zone and only 20.75 LPCD.

Distribution system existing

Distribution system in northern area is 4.3 km long, ranging from 300 mm dia to

100 mm dia, whereas, in southern area it is 25 km ranging from 350 mm dia to

80 mm dia.

6.3.2 Water Distribution Arrangements ‐ Tube Wells

There are 4 no. of high yield Tube well functioning within their service life at the south

side of Railway since 1985. Three new pumps have been installed in the city in the year

2008 with the discharge capacity of 40000 gallon per hour. The Fazalgunj tube well has

the lowest discharging capacity. The details of the tube wells in Sasaram Nagar Parishad

are given above in Table 6.2.

6.3.3 Over Head Tanks/ Reservoirs:

Water is distributed through gravity from overhead

reservoirs. Since Sasaram is at a higher altitude than

the water source, initially this water is to be pumped

to these overhead reservoirs. This pumping has been

consuming a huge power supply, thus increasing the

financial burden over the Sasaram Nagar Parishad.

There are four storage reservoir exists in Sasaram.

Total 7lakh gallon water is supplied through reservoirs by supplying 3.5 lakh gallon two

times a day. Capacity and location of the storage reservoir are given below in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3: Details of Over head water tanks reservoirs and water sumps

S.N. Location Capacity (gallon)

1 P.H.E.D Campus 1,00,000

2 Hospital Campus 1,00,000

3 Nurat Ganj 1,00,000

5 Gola Market 50000 Source: P.H.E.D, UIDSMT Report, 2007 Sasaram Nagar Parishad



6.3.4 Distribution Network:

Total 47.3 km of water supply pipe line is available for town’s supply. The details of

distribution network are given below in Table 6.4. The rising main is 10 Kms in length

with 18” dia and distribution line is 25 Kms in length with 14” dia. Other than that 8 Kms

separate line known as jail pipeline with 6” dia and 4.3 Kms pipeline with 3” to 12” dia

Lalganj (Baijala) pipeline has been also laid in the city.

Table 6.4: Distribution network line in Sasaram Nagar Parishad

S.N. Type of Pipe line Length Diameter1 Rising Main 10 Kms 18”

2 Distribution Line 25 Kms 14”

3 Jail Pipeline (Separate line) 8 Kms 6”

4 Lalganj (Baijala) Pipe line 4.3 Kms 3” – 12” Source: P.H.E.D, UIDSMT Report, 2007 Sasaram Nagar Parishad

6.3.5 Water treatment facility:

No special water treatment facility exists in Sasaram Nagar Parishad only sodium

hypochlorite and bleaching powder also are used as a disinfectant for the ground water.

6.4 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS (AS PER UDPFI AND CPHEEO

GUIDELINES)

At present water is supplied at 25‐30 liters/capita/day which are less than the desired

minimum standard for city like Sasaram. According to the UDPFI guidelines, the

desirable amount is about 135 litres /capita /day for cities. Therefore, all the projections

for water supply network are done as per requirement for cities i.e. 135 litres

/capita/day.

According to the CPHEEO Guidelines, 135 litres /capita /day are required for the cities

with piped water and where sewerage system is existed. Since the sewerage system will

be laid in the city in near future, water demand of the city is assumed as 135 litres

/capita/ day.

For meeting the current demand to cover entire population of 178719 persons, 17.87

MLD water is required at the standard rate of 100 LPCD for first phase. Since, the City

has present supply of 4.38 MLD, presently there is gap of 13.49 MLD in water supply

(Table 6.5). In the future, water demand will further increase with increase in the

population. For the projected population of 243208 persons for the year 2021, 32.83

MLD will be required and 322191 persons for the year 2030, 43.49 MLD will be

required. Thus additional supply of 39.11 MLD is required by the year 2030.



Table 6.5: Gap in Water Supply: Sasaram, City

Description Estimated population Water Demand Availability Deficit

In No. MLD MLD MLD

Base Stage (2011) 178719 17.87 @100 LPCD 4.38 MLD ‐ 13.49Second Phase (2021) 243208 32.83 @135 LPCD ‐ ‐ 28.45Target Stage (2030) 322191 43.49 @135 LPCD ‐ ‐ 39.11

6.5 SWOT ANALYSIS

Table 6.6: SWOT Analysis of Water Supply


Ground water quality is good and confirms the

drinking water standards.

Willingness of PHED department and Sasaram

Nagar Parishad to strengthen the water

supply system of Sasaram.

Water quality is comparatively better

than other towns.

Weakness Threats

Present supply of water is only 25‐30 LPCD Distribution system is very old and need

replacement and renovation Low efficiency of tariff collection

Sasaram comes under drought prone

zone because of low rainfall.

Continuous depletion of ground water

Deteriorating quality of ground water

Absence of perennial source of water


The key issues and concerns regarding water supply in Sasaram City are:

Inadequate Coverage in city.

At present water is provided at the rate of only 25‐30 LPCD.

High distribution Losses (50 %).

Limited water supply duration (only 4 hrs Supply /day).

Distribution network is very old, thus leading to high losses and contamination

of the water.

Illegal connections.

Lack of awareness.

No provision for efficient collection of user charges (No separate charges for

water supply; included in house tax)

No metered connections.

Weak water management System.

Inadequate staff.

Absence of data recording and updating system.

Quality of ground water is deteriorating due to over exploitation and

contamination.



6.7 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

6.7.1 Vision & Goals

“To enhance the coverage and access to piped water supply in the city area to 100%

and 24 hours a day to create a system for continuous quality water in an equitable,

efficient, and sustainable manner.”

The whole city including slum areas should be covered with water supply network.

Supply of 100 LPCD of safe drinking water should be accomplished by the end of phase‐I

(2016) and supply of 135 LPCD should be accomplished in later phases. 24 hrs water

supplies may not be the priority during the year 2016 but is a goal for the year 2021 and

2030. Quality of water should be good and safe for its users. (Table 6.7).

Table 6.7: Service Level Benchmarking‐ water Supply: Sasaram City

SN Components Benchmark Existing Status

(2010‐11) Phase‐I(2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)

Phase‐III(2021‐30)

1 Coverage of Water Supply Connections

100% 30 % 80% 100% 100%

2 Per capita availability of water at consumer end

135 LPCD 25‐30 LPCD 100 LPCD 135 LPCD 135 LPCD

3 Extent of metering of water connections

100% 0 % 40 % 80% 100%

4 Extent of non revenue water

20% 50 % 30% 25% 20%

5 Continuity of Water Supply

24 hrs 4 hrs 10 hrs 12‐16 hrs 20‐24 hrs

6 Quality of Water Supplied

100% 70‐80 % 80 % 90% 100%

7 Efficiency in redressed of customer complaints

80% 50 % 80 % 100% 100%

8 Cost recovery in water supply services

100% 30 % 60% 80% 100%

9 Efficiency in collection of water supply related charges

90% 30 % 60 % 80% 100%

6.7.2 Development Strategies

All dwelling units accessible to existing water distribution lines need to be

connected urgently.

All illegal connections to be regularized on priority.

Condition of the present water supply network need to be assessed.

Need for improvement and up gradation of pumping station and

establishment of Treatment Plant for supplying water for drinking purpose.



Construction of Overhead Tanks to meet the future demand and present

deficit for water storage.

Efforts should be made to reduce water losses in transmission and

distribution. (The contingency provision of 15‐20% to be made to account for

the losses).

The old water pipelines need to be replaced as these are damaged exposed

and have leakage problem at many places.

Water tankers service need to be initiated to cover outer areas and those

areas where water supply scheme is not accessible, to avoid spread of water

borne diseases.

Provisions to be made for storage and treatment of rain water to reduce

dependence on ground water which is depleting and recharge ground water

table.

Detail project Report for Integrated water supply scheme should be prepared

for the city.

Rooftop rainwater harvesting should be made mandatory in building bye‐laws

and necessary amendment in the bye laws may be initiated accordingly.

Metering coupled with improved recovery of revenue will certainly help to

reduce the revenue expenditure gap.

Tariff for the recycled treated wastewater should be fixed to encourage its

non‐potable use such as gardening, horticulture and other uses.

Installations of meters at all strategic locations on the main trunk line will

help in detection and subsequently removal of theft.

Public Private Partnership


Table 6.8: Identified Projects for Water Supply: Sasaram City

S.N. Identified Projects Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

Qty Qty Qty

1 Main W/S pipeline 10 Km ‐ ‐

3 Up gradation of Existing Pipeline 52 Km ‐ ‐

4 New distribution W/S pipeline 34 Km 15 Km ‐

6 Construction of underground Tank, Pump house with 4 no. of pump sets (Raw water)

1 Nos. ‐ ‐

7 Overhead reservoirs (10 lakh liters capacity each) 4 Nos. 3 Nos. ‐

8 Underground reservoirs (20 ML) 2 Nos. 2 Nos. ‐

9 Filtration / Treatment works (60 MLD) 1 Nos. ‐ ‐

10 Operation & Maintenance and other Charges LS LS LS


| Sanitation and Sewerage i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

7 SANITATION AND SEWERAGE ......................................................................... 7‐1 7.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 7‐1 7.2 EXISTING SEWERAGE SYSTEM ............................................................................. 7‐1 7.3 HOUSEHOLD TOILETS ........................................................................................... 7‐1 7.4 MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL ............................................................................ 7‐2 7.5 PUBLIC TOILETS .................................................................................................... 7‐2 7.6 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS (AS PER UDPFI GUIDELINES) 7‐3 7.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 7‐3 7.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ......................................................................................... 7‐4 7.9 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ................................................. 7‐4 7.9.1 Vision ................................................................................................................... 7‐4 7.9.2 Goals .................................................................................................................... 7‐5 7.9.3 Development Strategies ...................................................................................... 7‐5 7.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 7‐6

List of Tables

Table 7.1: Sewerage future Generation, 2030: Sasaram City ......................................... 7‐3 Table 7.2: SWOT Analysis of Sewerage and Sanitation ................................................... 7‐3 Table 7.3: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking – Sewerage and Sanitation .............. 7‐4 Table 7.4: Identified Projects for Sewerage System: Sasaram City ................................. 7‐6


| Sanitation and Sewerage 7‐1

7 SANITATION AND SEWERAGE

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Sanitation is vital for human health, generates economic benefits, contributes to dignity

and social development, and helps the environment. Sanitation is important to have

healthy and hygienic conditions in the town. Sanitation is means of hygiene reflecting

the quality of life of residents of any town. Sewerage, the core element of physical

infrastructure, determines the environmental status of any settlement. Development of

appropriate sewerage carriage system with efficient treatment acts as a prerequisite for

facilitating balanced and harmonized development. Augmentation of existing systems/

treatment facilities as well as adoption of new technologies of waste treatment is now

being focused to cover its total population under sewerage network system.

Governments’ limited spending on sanitation often reflects general awareness, apathy

which is, more than technical or economic, constraints in the context of competing

demands for resources.

Sewerage, the core element of physical infrastructure, determines the environmental

status of any settlement. Development of appropriate sewerage carriage system with

efficient treatment acts as a prerequisite for facilitating balanced and harmonized

development. Augmentation of existing systems/ treatment facilities as well as

adoption of new technologies of waste treatment is now being focused to cover its total

population under sewerage network system.

7.2 EXISTING SEWERAGE SYSTEM

Presently there is lack of sewerage network system in

Sasaram. There is no underground or piped sewer system in

Sasaram. The waste water flows into the road side small

open channels and ultimately discharges into drains,

Shersah Suri canal and Nallahs. As per standard norms,

waste water generated is 80% of the water supply. With this approximately 37.09 MLD

of waste water is generated per day in Sasaram city.

7.3 HOUSEHOLD TOILETS

As per latest information collected from SPUR in 2010, out of the total 20028

households, 77.60% of the households have access to septic tank type of sanitary



toilets. Rest of the households are having insanitary toilets, using community toilets or

defecating in open.

In the year 2001 as per the Census of India, almost 17 % (3011 HH) of the total

households had no latrines and 83 % (14573HH) households have access to latrine

facilities in Sasaram city.

In the year 2001 as per the Census of India, 58% (10178 HH) households had individual

water closet. Other than this, almost 10 % (1791 HH) of the total households had pit

latrines and almost 15 % (2604 HH) had other low cost latrines. 17% of households had

no latrines.

Thus above mentioned status of access to toilets in 2001 and 2010 shows that,

sanitation condition got deterioted in Sasaram town from 2001(83 %) to 2010 (77%)

showing that a special attention has to be given to improve the health and hygiene by

improving sanitation in city.

7.4 MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL

The septic tank system prevails in Sasaram for Sewage disposal. The septic tanks are

connected either to soak pits or drains. Sullage overflows

from the household septic tank into open drains, which are

further disposed off into other drains, Shersah Canal, Nallah

or any low lying areas. Most of these drains are chocked due

to disposal of garbage into them, and they also overflow

during the monsoon. Only 27 % of the total households are

connected to closed drains for disposal of waste water. These

are mainly high end government housing along the main

transportation corridor. 63% of the total households are

connected to open drains and 9% of the total households are not having any type of

drainage connectivity and hence their waste water was flowing outside on roads

creating unhygienic conditions.

7.5 PUBLIC TOILETS

Public toilets are important to be provided on public

places like commercial areas, near government offices,

bus stand etc. As per data provided by SPUR Cell, there

are 3 public toilets in Sasaram Nagar Parishad. Although

the city has facility of public or community toilets, there is

need of more public toilets near highly crowded public

areas or market areas, bus stand, such as Bauliya Chauk, Gandhi Chauk (Dharmshala



Chauk), Railway Station, Shershah Suri Tomb area, etc. The individual houses have soak

pits for waste disposal. About 23% of the total households of the town do not have

access to toilets or defecate in the open which creates unhygienic condition due to

unavailability of latrines. These households are part of slums. Thus, there is an urgent

need of more community toilets for the slums also.

7.6 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS (AS PER UDPFI GUIDELINES)

As per CPEEHO manual, sewage generated is considered as 80% of the water supply. In

the year 2011, total population is around 178719 persons, thus @80LPCD about 14.29

MLD of sewage was generated. The total amount generated will increase to 26.26 MLD

by the year 2021 and about 34.79 MLD by the year 2030. Since there is no sewerage

system in the city at present, and as the population will increase, the city will become

more congested, thus there is an urgent need to lay down underground sewer network.

To meet the demand for the projected population as well as present population total

capacity of approximate 34.79 MLD sewage network will be required. (Table 7.4)

Table 7.1: Sewerage future Generation, 2030: Sasaram City

Description Estimated population Sewerage Generation @ 80% of

water supply

Base Stage (2011) 178719 14.29

Intermediate Phase (2021) 243208 26.26

Target Stage (2030) 322191 34.79

In addition to sewerage network, a Sewerage Treatment Plant of 50 MLD capacity will

be required to sustain the future demand.

7.7 SWOT ANALYSIS

Table 7.2: SWOT Analysis of Sewerage and Sanitation

STRENGTHS OPPORTUNITIES

Willingness of Sasaram Nagar Parishad to develop sewerage network and to improve sanitation condition in the city.

Easy availability of funds from various funding agency including State and Central Govt. grants under various schemes.

WEAKNESS THREATS

Lack of awareness towards environmental sustainability.

Absence of sewerage system. Lack of Public and community

toilets.

Increase in pollution level during rainy season. Unhygienic condition prevails in public places. Open defecation along open drains, water bodies

and Shersah canal. Intermixing of waste water with storm water Flowing of untreated waste water into drains, water

bodies and Shersah canal.




Sasaram is growing at a rapid pace, and this necessitates provision of underground

sewer system. Analysis from the sewerage sector reveals that sewerage network

coverage needs to be introduced in the city area. The major key issues and findings are

as under –

Lack of sanitation facility in individual households as well as community or public

toilets (only 3) in town leads to open defecation along open drains, water bodies

and Shersah Canal causing pollution.

No existing sewerage system.

Household waste water flows into open and closed drains and finally enters into

Shersah Canal and creates unhealthy condition. This result in clogging of the

storm water drains and leads to health hazard for the whole community.

Wastewater recycling and reuse is negligible and there is no provision of

collection and treatment of waste water before disposing.

7.9 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

7.9.1 Vision

“To make city free from open defecation and to provide healthy environment for all

their citizens with a special focus on hygienic and affordable sanitation facilities.”

In order to achieve the above Vision have been set which have been detailed in Table

7.3.

Table 7.3: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking – Sewerage and Sanitation

S.N. INDICATORS BenchmarkPresent Status

(2010‐2011)

Goals Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)

Phase‐III (2021‐30)

1 Coverage of Toilets 100% 70% 80% 100% 100%

2 Coverage of Sewerage Network Services

100% 0% 70% 90% 100%

3 Collection Efficiency of Sewerage Network

100% ‐ 60% 90% 100%

4 Adequacy of Sewage treatment capacity

100% ‐ 70% 80% 100%

5 Quality of sewage treatment

100% ‐ 80% 90% 100%

6 Extent of reuse and recycling of sewage

20% ‐ 5% 10% 20%


80% ‐ 20% 60% 80%

8 Extent of cost recovery in sewage management

100% ‐ 20% 40% 80%



S.N. INDICATORS BenchmarkPresent Status

(2010‐2011)

Goals Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


9 Efficiency in collection of sewerage charges

90% ‐ 20% 40% 80%

The overall goal is to transform Sasaram town into community driven, totally sanitized,

healthy, and livable city.

7.9.2 Goals

Awareness Generation and Behaviour Change:

Achieving Open Defecation Free City:

Integrated City‐Wide Sanitation

Mainstream thinking, planning and implementing measures related to

sanitation in all sectors and departmental domains as a cross‐cutting issue,

especially in all urban management actions;

Extending access to proper sanitation facilities for poor communities and

other un‐served settlements;


Approach towards providing 100% access to toilets would be adopted to

eradicate open defecation.

A comprehensive sewerage network shall be laid as long term strategy. 100%

network coverage will be achieved in the first phase (presently developed areas)

and future geographical expansion of the town will be covered under phase‐II.

As a short term strategy, wastewater treatment plant should be installed on

major drain at suitable location wherein all other drains will also be connected

before disposing.

Considering the sizeable number of different types of non‐compatible toilets

existing in Sasaram, there will be provisions of community toilet blocks

particularly in slums and EWS housing areas connected to sewerage system.

Access to sewerage network to all the households, community and public toilet

blocks will be ensured to avoid flowing of waste into open drains.

The sewerage network proposed will be a comprehensive system which will

ensure that all wastewater is collected, treated and disposed off easily.

For effective service delivery, the system will function in a decentralised manner

and also for ease of operation and maintenance.

Effort will be made to encourage pay and use public conveniences through PPP

arrangements.

Community toilets shall be maintained through community participation.



Consultants recommend an integrated planning and implementation of water

supply‐drainage‐sewerage‐SWM to optimize the benefits including recycling and

reuse of water.

Recycling of treated waste water with separate lines for potable water and

recycled water for non drinking purposes in big hotels, industrial units, air

conditioning of large buildings, and irrigation of parks/green areas. For this, dual

pipe supply system shall be introduced.

All non‐residential buildings having a discharge of over 10,000 litres a day should

incorporate waste water recycling.

Master Plan for Sewerage System for the whole city needs to be prepared on

the priority basis.

To accommodate 100% city area and 100% households projected for the year

2030. Charges can be adjusted with property tax/ house tax.


Table 7.4: Identified Projects for Sewerage System: Sasaram City

S.N. IDENTIFIED PROJECTS PHASE‐I PHASE‐II PHASE‐III

Qty Qty Qty

SEWERAGE 1 Main Pipe line installation 10 km ‐ ‐

2 Secondary & Collector line 50 km 26 km 15 km

3 Treatment plant of 50 MLD capacity ‐ 1 No. (50 MLD) ‐

SANITATION 4 Community Toilets 8 Nos. 2 Nos. ‐

5 Public Toilets 2 Nos. ‐ ‐


| Drainage i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

8 DRAINAGE ..................................................................................................... 8‐1 8.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 8‐1 8.2 NATURAL SLOPE OF TOWN ................................................................................ 8‐1 8.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM ............................................................................. 8‐1 8.4 HIERARCHY OF DRAINS ...................................................................................... 8‐1 8.4.1 Length of drains and Coverage .......................................................................... 8‐2 8.4.2 Flood Prone Area / Water logging areas ............................................................ 8‐2 8.4.3 Household accessibility to drains ....................................................................... 8‐2 8.5 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS ............................................. 8‐3 8.6 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................. 8‐3 8.7 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ........................................................................................ 8‐3 8.8 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ............................................. 8‐4 8.8.1 Vision .................................................................................................................. 8‐4 8.8.2 Development Strategies ..................................................................................... 8‐4 8.9 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ......................................................................................... 8‐5

List of Tables

Table 8.1: Demand and Supply Gaps of Drains: Sasaram town ...................................... 8‐3 Table 8.2: SWOT Analysis of Drainage ............................................................................. 8‐3 Table 8.3: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Storm water Drains & water Bodies8‐4 Table 8.4 : Identified to improve the drainage system of the Sasaram town ................. 8‐5


| Drainage 8‐1

8 DRAINAGE

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Drainage is an important element of physical infrastructure and constitutes removal

and disposal of surplus rainwater from the land. Since urban expansion is inevitable,

increase run‐off would require remodeling of the existing drains. Provision of

new/supplementary drains. Provision of appropriate drainage in marginal settlements

consisting of slum clusters; informal/unauthorized colonies etc require special

attention.

8.2 NATURAL SLOPE OF TOWN

The southern part of town has uneven topography with a slope from north to south

while the northern portion of the town has a slope towards south west. The southern

part has some rugged terrain towards Tara Chandi Temple and Chandan Peer Hill.

Central town area and area along NH‐2 (Old GT road) is almost plain.

8.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Only 20% of the existing road network of the city is

covered with drainage which includes both pucca

and kutcha drains. Drainage system is almost absent

in Sasaram. Present system is majorly comprises of

open kutcha drains running along the major Roads

only. Further 80% of the town is not having even

small drains. The total road length including pucca

and kutcha; of Sasaram is about 88 Km and there

will be requirement of 176 kms of drainage network including both sides of roads. But

out of 176 kms, only about 8 Km of drains have been laid in the city. About 80% of roads

are still devoid of drainage network.

Total length of the drains for the whole city is 8 kms out of which length of major drain

is 5 and length of other drain is 3 kms.

8.4 HIERARCHY OF DRAINS

There is no proper hierarchy of drains in the city. Primary and secondary drains of the

city are not getting complete outfall of tertiary drains. Many of the tertiary or

secondary drains are directly disposed off into the Nallah.


| Drainage 8‐2

8.4.1 Length of drains and Coverage

Total length of the drains for the whole city is 7.65 kms out of which length of pukka

drain is 4.65 and length of kutcha drain is 3 kms. Only 20% of town is covered with

drainage facility which is also in a very poor condition.

8.4.2 Flood Prone Area / Water logging areas

Areas lying south of Railway line and Old GT road have

inadequate drainage system and remains water logged.

Gandhi road to Gola bazaar, Bus stand areas, Railway

station areas, stadium etc are problematic areas in terms of

water logging during rainy season. Further colonies on

southern areas have no drainage.

Thus absence of drainage system in substantial amount of area causes water logging

and flooding is a serious issue. In addition to that drain over flows due to silting, solid

waste disposal clogging and encroachment by shopkeepers. Thus overall drainage

system of the town needs to be improved.

8.4.3 Household accessibility to drains

As per the household census of India 2001, the connectivity of houses to waste water

outlet of Sasaram Nagar Parishad, 91% of household were having accessibility to waste

water outlet out of which 64 % are connected to open drains and only 27% are

connected to closed drains. 9% of household was not having accessibility to drains.


| Drainage 8‐3

8.5 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS

Total existing road length of the city is 86 kms but existing length of drains is only 7.65

km. Thus there is a gap of 164.35 km. in the drainage network in the city as compared

to the road network.

Table 8.1: Demand and Supply Gaps of Drains: Sasaram town

Categories Length

Existing Drainage (In Km) 7.65

Pucca Drainage (In Km) 4.65

Kutcha Drainage (In Km) 3.0

Gaps and Requirement of Drainage (In Km) 164.35

Additional proposed drains as per new proposed road (In Km) 30

Total Drainage in the City (In Km) 194.35Source‐ SPUR Cell

8.6 SWOT ANALYSIS

Table 8.2: SWOT Analysis of Drainage


Drainage system available in few wards

Areas available to construct drainage network in most of the wards

Political will and administrative machinery have positive thinking to deal this problem

Weakness Threats

Drains are clogged with garbage Canal is using for disposal of waste Water logging and flooding in low

lying areas and most of the wards Cleaning of drain through

conventional methods

Increase in pollution and unhygienic condition during rainy season.

Spread of water borne diseases Topography of the town does not support natural

flow of drainage at northern and north‐eastern part of the city.


Negligible coverage by drainage system in the city

is a major area of concern.

Water logging and flooding in low lying areas, i.e.

common in northern part and southern area of GT

Road such as Gandhi Path, Bouliya Road, Gola

Bazar, Jani Bazar, Bus Stand area, Railway station

and stadium area etc.

Most of the drains are clogged with garbage, due to lack of awareness amongst

people and no regular cleaning system.

Encroachment into water bodies and blocking of natural drainage channels need

to be prevented.


| Drainage 8‐4

Sher Sah Suri Canal has turned into nallahs and has become a source of pollution

for the city.

The north and north‐eastern slope of the city is naturally obstructed creates

problem of water logging.

80% of total drains are open drains.

Only 9% of kutcha and pucca Roads are provided with drainage facility.

9% of households are not having accessibility to waste water outlet.

Low lying areas mentioned above are water logged during rainy season.

Drains are acting as sewer lines. Storm water drains, open drains and storm

outfall carries septic tank effluent and even untreated sewage from many parts

of the city.

The construction of unplanned colonies in the town has been further

aggravating the water logging in the recent past.

The town has poor capacity for effective periodic maintenance of the drains in

terms of cleaning and desilting and poor maintenance due to limited resources.

Disposal of solid waste into open drains results in chocking of drains.

8.8 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

8.8.1 Vision

“To align, develop and manage the existing drainage network and to cover the entire

city integrating with Main Canal and Nallah”.

The priority should be Rehabilitation of Existing Nala’s and water Bodies so that they

can be used as water recharging structures. (Table 8.3)

Table 8.3: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Storm water Drains & water Bodies

S.N. Indicators Benchmark Present Status(2010‐2011)

Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


1

Coverage of storm water drainage network

100% 20%

100%(In

developed area)

100% for Future Geographical Growth)

2 Incidence of water logging /flooding

0%

Water logging areas‐ Gandhi road to Gola bazaar, Bus stand areas, Railway station areas, stadium etc

100% Controlled

‐


Repairing and strengthening of existing drains.


| Drainage 8‐5

To convert open and kutcha drains into covered and pucca drains will avoid

silting and blockage of drains due to waste dumping into open drains and

open defecation along drains.

100% network coverage will be achieved with the adequate capacity in the

first phase (presently developed area) and future geographical expansion of

the town will be covered under phase‐II.

Water logging especially in low lying areas will be taken area on priority.

Consultants recommend an integrated planning and implementation of water

supply‐drainage‐sewerage‐SWM to optimise the benefits including recycling

and reuse of water.

Installation of waste water treatment plant at suitable locations to avoid

emptying the untreated waste water into river as a short term measure

Public Private Partnership.


To achieve the set goals and to fulfil the vision, detailed projects have been identified to

improve the drainage system of the Sasaram town which is shown in Table 8.4

Table 8.4 : Identified to improve the drainage system of the Sasaram town

S.N. Identified Projects Phase‐I(2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)

Phase‐III (2021‐30

Qty Qty Qty

1 Strengthening of existing drains 7.65 kms ‐ ‐

2 Main Drain 10kms ‐ ‐

3 Secondary and Tertiary Drains 154.35 kms 30 kms ‐

4 Construction of Waste Water Treatment Plant of 5 MLD capacity each

1 1 ‐


| Solid Waste Management i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ....................................................................... 9‐1 9.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 9‐1 9.2 EXISTING STATUS ................................................................................................ 9‐1 9.2.1 Quantity of Waste Generated and Collected ..................................................... 9‐1 9.2.2 Transportation and Disposal .............................................................................. 9‐2 9.2.3 Vehicles and Staff ............................................................................................... 9‐3 9.2.4 Reuse / Recycling ............................................................................................... 9‐3 9.3 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS ............................................. 9‐3 9.4 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................. 9‐4 9.5 ISSUES AND CONCERNS ...................................................................................... 9‐4 9.6 CITY SPECIFIC STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLAN .................................................. 9‐5 9.6.1 Vision .................................................................................................................. 9‐5 9.6.2 Development Strategies ..................................................................................... 9‐6 9.7 PROJECT IDENTIFIED .......................................................................................... 9‐6

List of Tables

Table 9.1: Type and Number of Vehicles ..................................................................................... 9‐3 Table 9.2: SWOT Analysis of Solid Waste Management .............................................................. 9‐4 Table 9.3: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Solid Waste Management .......................... 9‐5 Table 9.4: Projects Identified for Solid Waste Management ....................................................... 9‐6


| Solid Waste Management 9‐1

9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

9.1 INTRODUCTION

Solid waste management, an obligatory function of city is poorly performed resulting in

problems of health, sanitation, and environmental degradation in most of the cities.

Unless concerted efforts are made to improve the flow of resources to solid waste

management and build up systems that incorporate the basic requirements of a proper

waste management practice, the problem will keep aggravating.

9.2 EXISTING STATUS

9.2.1 Quantity of Waste Generated and Collected

Generation

As per latest information collected from SPUR Cell, presently about 90 MT of Domestic

solid waste is being generated every day and collection is only 40 % i.e. 36 MT within

the administrative jurisdiction of Sasaram. The local residents of the city generate solid

waste at the rate of about 500 grams per capita per day on an average, which is very

high as per the standard/norm of 250‐ 350 grams per capita per day prescribed in the

manual of Municipal Solid Waste Management, CPHEEO. Since the city is not fully

developed, presently solid waste generation is high. But it would increase in the future

as the city is supposed to be fully developed with time. Solid waste generation in

Sasaram has been almost doubled from 2001 to 2011.

Solid waste generation for the future population 322191 in 2030 has been designed on

the basis of SPUR and CPHEEO norms and standards. Total solid waste generation for

the 2030 will be 112.76 MT/Day (@350 gram per capita).

The average generation of solid waste includes waste generated by local inhabitants,

Vegetable and fruit markets, meat and fish and slaughterhouse, construction and

demolition and hospital wastes (non – infectious and non‐hazardous). The major source

of waste generation in the city is the domestic sector which generates almost about

60% of the total municipal solid waste, followed by waste generated by commercial.

Waste Storage and Segregation

The scientific and systematic storage of waste at source is not in practice and in the

absence of the desirable system of storage of waste at source; the waste is thrown on



the streets, treating streets as receptacle of waste. There are no vermicompost pits in

the whole city of decomposition of organic waste.

Collection

In Sasaram, the systematic collection of waste is still primitive. 40 % of waste (about 36

MT) is collected per day by Sasaram Nagar Parishad. The primary collection of waste is

effected through depositing of wastes by waste

producers and by the sweepers appointed by

Sasaram Nagar Parishad into the community waste

bins.

There are only 25 community bins installed in the

city and 40 % of waste is collected per day by

Sasaram Nagar Parishad. Thus, solid waste collection

system should be enhanced by the city to enable

100% collection of the solid waste.

The process of street sweeping of waste is still in primitive nature in the city. The

Sanitary workers collect heaps of solid waste strewn on the street. These heaps of solid

waste are then taken to the nearest temporary waste storage point. Apart from these,

there is weak system of street sweeping. In practice the streets are swept once in a day

by sweepers of Municipal Corporation. Lack of door to door collection system in all

wards.

Apart from this only few wards major roads are maintained by Sasaram Nagar Parishad.

9.2.2 Transportation and Disposal

After collection of solid waste from community bins and streets, it is taken to the open

dumping and for land filling site by the tractors & trucks of Sasaram Nagar Parishad. The

disposal site of the city is located at Rohtas Stadium area along GT Road outside the

town Road and southern side of the city towards the southern direction. There is no any

disposal ground has been allotted to Sasaram Nagar Parishad. Bio‐medical wastes are

collected separately.



9.2.3 Vehicles and Staff

About 90 MT of waste is generated per day in the town. Total capacity of vehicles and

supporting infrastructure to manage solid waste is about 36 MT. The city has 3 tractors,

1Polyloader, 40 Hand Rickshaw and 40 Thela, 6 Bailgadi, 5 Tipper and 1 Hydrolic Tipper

for collection of solid waste (Table 9.5). In these vehicles, solid waste is fed by staff

members of the municipality. The numbers of sweepers are 231 for this purpose is

inadequate. Thus, 36 MT of solid waste is collected every day. (Table 9.5)

Table 9.1: Type and Number of Vehicles

S. N. Vehicle available For SWM Quantity in Numbers

1 Tractors 3

2 Polyloader 1

3 Hand Rickshaw 40

4 Thela 40

5 Bailgadi 6

6 Tipper 5

7 Hydrolic Tipper 1

Total 92 Source: Sasaram Nagar Parishad

9.2.4 Reuse / Recycling

Sasaram town has adopted only the dumping and land filling as the method of disposal

of waste as on today. Currently, neither the waste is treated in a systematic and

scientific manner while disposing nor it is recycled or reuse. As a result the whole area

in and around the disposal site is unhygienic and posing serious threat to the

environment and public health.

9.3 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS

As per both CPHEEO and UDPFI Guidelines, residential solid waste is generated at the

rate of 350 grams /capita /day. Thus estimate of solid waste generation for the city is

done on the basis of CPHEEO and UDPFI standard. Present and future demand & supply



gaps are calculated for Sasaram Nagar Parishad after comparative analysis with the

UDPFI and CPHEEO Guidelines.

In Sasaram, the city area with projected population of 322191persons is estimated to

generate around 112.76 MT of solid waste per day at 350 Kg/cap/day by the year 2030

as per UDPFI and CPHEEO Norms. The future demand assessment is carried out based

on the projected population. Presently collection is only 40 % (36 MT). The current gap

is around 60 % (54 MT) and for the year 2030, it will be target to achieve 100 % of

collection and disposal of waste

Such a high volume of waste generation demands a strategic approach for disposal in

addition of the need for initiating steps to reduce, recover, reuse and recycling

strategies. The future demand assessment is carried out based on the projected

population. The average quantity of waste generation based on the design population

of Sasaram in various horizon years is as follows.

9.4 SWOT ANALYSIS

Table 9.2: SWOT Analysis of Solid Waste Management


Availability of land for development

of scientific solid waste disposal

arrangement.

Willingness of the Nagar Parishad for

implementing collection, transportation,

and disposal of solid waste under solid

waste management.

Weakness Threats

Absence of organized sanctioned

dumping site.

Dumping of solid waste on available

open spaces within the town.

Shersah Canal and drains/Nallahs are

using as solid waste disposal points.

Drains are clogged with garbage.

Inefficient collection and

transportation of waste.

Lack of awareness towards

environmental pollution and its adverse

effects.

Absence of scientific disposal of waste

Intermixing of hazardous waste with

other waste because of no segregation

practice may affect the health of the

residents.

9.5 ISSUES AND CONCERNS

Storage and segregation at source is generally absent in Sasaram.

Waste generated from the major markets in the city lack adequate storage

facilities.

The collection system is inadequate, only 40% of the waste generated is

collected.



The wastes are not treated in a systematic and scientific manner while

disposing.

The habit of dumping of waste in streets and on open and vacant plots may

cause not only health hazard and fire but also a potential breeding ground for

vectors and diseases.

It may also contaminate ground water. The solid waste dumped on the edges of

road and Nallah. Canal’s and pond’s water is contaminating the water, thereby

posing threat to the aqua ecosystem, and also degrading the natural beauty.

Most serious hazard posing as of today is the non segregation of hospital waste

into the solid waste before disposing it off.

Inefficient collection and transportation system of solid waste in the city.

Treatment and disposal of waste is not as per SWHR.

9.6 CITY SPECIFIC STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLAN

9.6.1 Vision

“To provide environment friendly and sustainable waste management system with

waste reduction and recovery mechanisms.”

A Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan has to be prepared for Sasaram Nagar

Parishad Area. To achieve the vision, certain goals have been set to streamline the

implementation of waste management practices which are shown in Table 9.3.

Table 9.3: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Solid Waste Management

S.N. Indicators BenchmarkPresent Status (2010‐2011)

Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


1 Household level coverage of SWM services

100% 0% 100% 100% 100%

2 Efficiency of collection of solid waste

100% 40% 100% 100% 100%

3 Extent of segregation of solid waste

100% 0% 100% 100% 100%

4 Extent of solid waste recovered

80% 0%

5 Extent of scientific disposal of solid waste

100% 0% 100% 100% 100%


80% 50% ‐ ‐ ‐

7 Extent of cost recovery in SWM services

100% 0% 40% 80% 100%

8 Efficiency in collection of user charges

90% 0% 40% 80% 90%




Door to door collection should be practiced in entire town.

Local body should make sincere efforts to ensure 100% segregation at source.

Inadequate transportation vehicles and equipments used for collection,

transportation and disposal of waste.

Manual handling of waste should be reduced and adequate safety measures

should be taken care by Sanitary workers

Scientific disposal of waste shall be practiced like development of sanitary

landfill site shall be done on priority.

Waste to entry projects and compost plants are strongly recommended as soon

as the garbage reaches the threshold to support such projects on PPP basis.

Entire SWM system shall be reorganized and adequate provisions have been

proposed to ensure best practices of collection, segregation, transportation and

scientific disposal are adopted for complete operation including cost recovery.

NGOs, environmental organizations should be involved to raise awareness of

better SWM practices right from collection to disposal.

Capacity building and educating workers.

IEC campaigns to be initiated for awareness among residents especially among

urban poor and slum dwellers towards better SWM Practices.

Public Private Partnership

Private organizations need to be involved for collection, segregation, storage

and disposal and they may be permitted to use waste material for recycling or

otherwise for commercial purposes.

9.7 PROJECT IDENTIFIED

To achieve the goals set to improve the quality of life of the residents of Sasaram,

detailed projects have been identified for improved solid waste management systems

which are detailed in Table 9.5.

Table 9.4: Projects Identified for Solid Waste Management

SN Projects Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

1 Solid Waste Management (Operational Cost from

Collection to Disposal) ‐ ‐

2 Vehicles and Equipments

a) Community Bins 225 200 100

b) Closed Trailers for Waste Storage Depot 50 22 15

c) Containers for domestic hazardous waste 20 10 5

b) Containerized Handcarts 210 80 60

c) Containerized Tricycle 100 50 25

d) Seamless handcart for silt removal 177 25 25

e) Asphalt/Concrete of Flooring at the waste storage 9 6 5



SN Projects Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

Depot

g) Tractors/Trailers/Trippers 2 1 1

h) Small Van 2 1 1

k) Bulldozers 1 1 1

l) Loaders 1 1 1

m) Excavators 1 1 1

n) Compactors 1 1 1

o) Water Tankers 1 1 1

3 Landfill site development ‐ ‐ ‐

4 Miscellaneous ‐ ‐ ‐


| Road and Transportation i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

10 ROAD AND TRANSPORTATION .................................................................. 10‐1 10.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 10‐1 10.2 REGIONAL LINKAGE TO THE CITY .................................................................... 10‐1 10.3 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF SASARAM TOWN ........................................... 10‐2 10.4 INTERSECTIONS/ CHOWKS.............................................................................. 10‐4 10.5 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................. 10‐4 10.6 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................... 10‐5 10.7 STREET LIGHT .................................................................................................. 10‐6 10.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS .................................................................................... 10‐6 10.9 SWOT ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 10‐7 10.10 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ........................................................................... 10‐7 10.10.1 Vision .............................................................................................................. 10‐7 10.10.2 Development Strategies ................................................................................. 10‐7 10.11 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ..................................................................................... 10‐8

List of Tables

Table 10.1: Major Roads within the City ........................................................................... 10‐3 Table 10.2: Length of Road Network ................................................................................. 10‐3 Table 10.3: Status of Street Lighting ................................................................................. 10‐6 Table 10.4: SWOT Analysis of Transportation: Sasaram Town .......................................... 10‐7 Table 10.5: Proposed Projects and Estimated Cost: Sasaram town .................................. 10‐8

List of Maps

Map 10.1: Strategic location of Sasaram Map 10.2: Road and Transportation Map 10.3: Proposed Transportation Infrastructure


| Road and Transportation 10‐1

10 ROAD AND TRANSPORTATION

10.1 INTRODUCTION

Transport infrastructure forms the backbone of any economy and plays an important

role in the development of a city. The objectives to study the transport sector are to

understand and analyze the present scenario of the system, its potentials and scope of

development to make it reliable, efficient and affordable system.

A well planned road network accompanied by efficient transport system is the key to

the growth of the town. It not only brings down the aggregate cost of intra urban

mobility, but also optimizes aggregate travel time spent in performing innumerable

units of urban activities. Sasaram is well connected to the rest of India and some parts

of the world by roadways and railways. This chapter will include the regional

connectivity, road network of the town, transport infrastructure, issues and findings

and SWOT Analysis on roads and transportation in Sasaram.

10.2 REGIONAL LINKAGE TO THE CITY

Sasaram town is regionally well connected with the regional road network within the

state and to various metropolises in country. Sasaram is regionally connected with NH‐2

leading to New Delhi (at a distance of 925 kms) via Mughalsarai, Varanasi, and

Ghaziabad etc. Also Sasaram is connected to Kolkatta by NH‐2 at a distance of 537 kms.

Regional Connectivity of Sasaram is represented in Map 2.3 (Chapter‐2).

Sasaram town is regionally connected to Patna;

Capital of Bihar located on NH‐30 via Arrah,

Bikramganj through SH‐12 emerges from NH‐2 (Old

GT Road). The town has regional bus service station

and most important links carrying bus traffic are

NH–2 (G.T. Road) which connects Sasaram to all

important cities and towns in district and state as well as out of the state. State

Highway‐ 12 (Arrah Road) and Kochas Road which links northern parts of district as well

as Ramgarh, Bikramganj, Buxar etc and in eastern side to Dehri, Aurangabad, Bodhgaya,

Gaya etc through NH‐2.

Further Sasaram is regionally connected to 3 metropolis, namely, New Delhi, Kolkata

and Mumbai through broad gauge railway line. It is the one of the important station in

Bihar.



Nearest Airport from Sasaram is Gaya International Airport. It is connected to Colombo,

Sri Lanka; Bangkok, Thailand; Singapore, and Bhutan. Gaya Airport is served by Indian

Airlines for domestic flights and Sri Lankan Airlines, Mihin Lanka, Drukair, Jet airways

and Air India for international flights.

Map 10.1: Location and Connectivity of Sasaram

10.3 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF SASARAM TOWN

National Highway ‐2 and State highway – 12 pass through the City (Map No. 10.1).

Sasaram is well connected with road network with surrounding areas and towns

through major roads of the city. NH‐2 passing through the heart of the city connects

Sasaram to Kolkata on the east of the town via Dehri, Aurangabad, and Gaya etc and

also to Delhi on the west via Mugalsarai, Varanasi etc. Further towards north, Patna,

state capital is on NH‐30 via SH‐12 which emerges from the Sasaram town through

Bikramganj, Arrah etc.



Apart from that all major roads of the town carries large volume of local & through

traffic connect with NH‐2 (Old GT road). In addition to this highest amount of traffic

volume is on Old GT Road. Shersah Suri Marg or road runs to the famous world heritage

site Shersah Suri Tomb. Gandhi Path mainly connect to southern town area which is

mainly commercial based and old town and Bauliya Road also run towards southern

direction and meet to NH‐2 again near Tarachandi Hill Temple. SH‐12 runs towards bus

stand in northern side and leads to Patna through Bikramganj and Arrah.

Major Internal Roads including PWD and Nagar Nigam Roads are generating main

transportation webs within the city where traffic volumes are highest in peak hours

cause congestion. Other important road networks inside the Sasaram town area are

mentioned in Table 10.1.

Table 10.1: Major Roads within the City

Old GT Road Bank Colony Road

Gandhi Path Station Road

Bouliya Road Bus Stand Road

Sher Sah Suri Road Rauja Road

Prabhakar Road Post Office Road

Total road length including pucca and kutcha in Sasaram Nagar Parishad area is 86 km

out of which 46 Km is surfaced (Pukka) Roads and 40 Kms is unsurfaced (kutcha) Road

which is given in Table 10.2.

Table 10.2: Length of Road Network

ROAD SURFACE LENGTH (KMS) PERCENTAGE

Surfaced Road (Pucca) 46 53

Old NH‐2 (GT Road) 8 9

SH‐12 (To Bikramganj‐Arrah) 4 5

Kochas Road 4 5

Gandhi Path to Gola Bazar 3 3

Gola Bazar to Jani Bazar 3 3

Bauliya Road to Ghanki Jamun (Towards Tara Chandi) 5 6

Gola Bazar to Post Office 4 5

Rauja Road 2 2

Town Road 13 15

Sub Total 46 53

Un‐surfaced Road (Kutcha) 40 47

GRAND TOTAL 86 100

(Source: PWD and Sasaram Nagar Parishad)

The Road system in the inner city/old city area consists of narrow carriage way due to

encroachments along the road such as Old GT road (mainly stretch from Bauliya Chauk

to Town Hall) , Gandhi road, Bauliya Road, SH‐12 and Shersah Suri road. These are also



main roads which cater to most of the traffic of the town. Width of the major roads

varies from 3 m to 12 m. Parking along the roads due to commercial activities further

reduce the effective space available for movement of traffic.

10.4 INTERSECTIONS/ CHOWKS

Most of the intersection and Chauks are congested due to

encroachments, informal activities and unorganized parking

such as Dharmshala or Gandhi Chauk, Bouliya Chauk, Gola

Bazar Chauk, Post Office Chauk, Rauja Chauk, Bus Stand

Chauk, Dak Bungalow Chauk etc.

These junctions are mainly located in the core of the city and most of the time remains

congested with traffic. Existing road network highlighting important road, intersections,

transport infrastructure etc are represented in Map 10.2.

10.5 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS

Non‐motorized transport contributes in a large amount to

the traffic of the town especially cycle and cycle rickshaw as

para transit mode. Cycle and pedestrian together are the

modal choice for 75 % of the households.

In the City area, vehicular speeds are low, because of the

high traffic volume and mixed traffic. The speed is about 10‐

15 km/hr on city roads. Higher speed is available on highway

roads and major road inside the City boundary. Here, the

speed is about 20‐25 km/hr. Outside the City boundary, the

speed on National Highway and State Highway increases to

about 60‐80 Km/hr.

According to the field analysis the total number of trips generated per day in Sasaram is

very high with an average trip length of 2 ‐ 4 Km. Approximate 75% of trips are

generated for work and business purposes.

Though there is lot of pedestrian traffic but their

safety is yet to be recognized in the network planning

and implementation. Only a few stretches have

sidewalks but those are encroached by informal

activities. Most of the roads including NH‐2 (Old GT

road) don’t have pedestrian crossings, increasing the

risks of accidents. Hence mixed traffic is available

everywhere.



Accidents

On all highways, there are a few accident‐prone spots where frequency of accidents is

very high. All these fall on the stretch of the NH‐2 (Gaya Bodhgaya Highway), SH‐

12(Patna highway), Kochas Road. These highways have high traffic density and volume

with all vehicles proceeding to Gaya, Bodhgaya, Jehanabad and Patna.

Within the internal roads of city the faulty road geometrics and the mixed traffic

volumes are the main causes of accidents. Major places of accidents are mainly GT

road, (NH‐2) and other major roads. Violation of traffic rules & regulation, Negligent

and rash driving are the other causes of accidents.

Several small accidents involving pedestrians have occurred because of the low traffic

awareness level among the pedestrians and riders. Two wheelers ridership is very high

in number and they generally do not follow any safety measures, such as, overtaking,

use of helmet etc.

10.6 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

Public Transport infrastructure is the engine and stimulating factor of growth of town.

There is 1 Bus Stand in Sasaram. This is situated along SH‐12 on Arrah road. There is no

truck terminal facility available in the city, due to which all the trucks come to the city,

do loading and unloading on major commercial roads of the city creating congestion

mostly along the GT road which is the main spine in town road network.

Parking

One of the main problems in the City is

the lack of adequate off‐street parking

spaces. The main

City road edges

are used for parking which increases congestion. The effective

carriageway available to traffic is consequently decreased.

Vehicle Population

Vehicle population includes 2‐wheelers, cars, taxis, autos, trucks, etc. Maximum

increase is seen in number of private service vehicles. Other than this, significant

increase is observed in number of motor cars, tractors, and 2 wheelers or scooters.

Besides, animal driven vehicles are also plying on city roads creating congestion, delays,

and cause for accidents.



10.7 STREET LIGHT

The main source of light in Sasaram town is mainly electricity and Generator as a

secondary source. Street lighting is important on roads from safety and social security

point of view. There is general inadequacy of street lights in town. Only few major roads

and junctions (Chauks) have facilities of street lighting and high mast lamp posts. There

are 27 street lights and 3 high masts light in the town.

Table 10.3: Status of Street Lighting

S.N Name Status

1 High Mast Lights (in number) 3

2 Central Lighting (in number) 27

(Source: SPUR Cell)

There is lack of maintenance of street lighting in Sasaram Nagar Parishad. Only few

major roads and junctions (Chauks) have facilities of street lighting and high masts lamp

posts. There are 27street lights and 3 high mast lights are present in the town. As per

the guidelines 1 streetlight/ 30m is required for the future. At present the total Road

length in Sasaram is 86 Km. Therefore at present the street lights required with 30 m of

spacing is 2870. The present Gaps in street lighting in entire town area are about 2840.

Thus future requirement of streetlights including new link roads (15kms) will be 3340 in

Sasaram.


Passing of National Highway and State highway from the heart of the city puts

high pressure on the city roads, as through traffic also passes through the city.

Inadequate road width (internal roads varies from 3.5 to 7m), along with

encroachment on roads leads to major traffic congestion in the core areas such

as Gandhi Bazar, Chaukhandi etc and along major roads.

Only 53% of the roads are surfaced, still 47% of the roads are unsurfaced kutcha

roads.

On street parking and encroachment reduces the actual space available for

movement of traffic.

Traffic conflicts at intersections because of poor geometry, non‐functional traffic

Signals, poor networks and mixed traffic.

Speed of traffic in city area is low, due to the high traffic volume, and

congestion. The speed is about 10‐15 km/hr on major roads.

Lack of traffic management in the city viz. traffic signalisation, markings etc.

Cycle and pedestrians are the major composition of the traffic in Sasaram.

Inadequate pedestrian footpaths/sidewalks on major roads.



In absence of truck terminal facility, loading, unloading activities and parking

takes place on important road (mainly along GT road and SH‐12) of the city

creating congestion.

Lack of street light poles at junctions, reduces the social security and increases

accidents at night hours.

Non‐conventional source for energy generation has not been explored.

Lack of public transport available in Sasaram.

Lack of awareness among people regarding road safety and traffic rules.

10.9 SWOT ANALYSIS

Table 10.4: SWOT Analysis of Transportation: Sasaram Town


10.10.1 Vision

“To create safe, efficient, reliable and affordable transportation system for the town.”


Upgradation, strengthening of existing roads and development of missing road

links in the present road network will be taken up in Phase‐I. This will smoothen

the traffic inside the city

Development of new roads for future expansion of the city will be taken up in

Phase‐II

Organised parking spaces near major activity centers will be developed.


Sasaram is at strategic location and well connected to major cities with road and rail network.

NH‐2, SH‐8 and SH‐12 passes through the town connecting the city with regional road network

Railway station is present in Sasaram town connected to all major cities.

Improved public transport facility will increase tourist and commercial activities and hence improve the economy.

Improved transport infrastructure such as bus terminal, truck terminal will also help reducing traffic congestion and boost up commercial activities in city.

WEAKNESS THREATS

Inefficient public transport system Inadequate road widths and higher percentage

of unsurfaced roads in city Absence of footpaths Lack of parking facilities. Absence of Truck Terminal Poor traffic management system Lack of Signage, Traffic signals and other traffic

safety measure.

Encroachment along the road creates congestion.

Absence of parking spaces and truck terminal creates congestion and pollution in city.

Mixed traffic system Poor drainage system caused degradation

of road especially during rainy season.



Upgradation of bus terminal and development of truck terminal will improve the

economic activities in the city.

Improvement of junctions, installation of traffic signals, signages etc. shall be

done on priority basis to improve the traffic management in city.

Development of sidewalks/foorpaths and foot over bridges shall be developed

on priority basis to facilitate pedestrian movement and improve vehicular traffic

movement.

Comprehensive Mobility Plan for the city should be developed in Phase‐I for

planned development of the roads and transportation which is a key

infrastructure for the city.

Encroachment along highways, bus stands and railway stations on all roads

needs to be removed for better flow of traffic especially on the internal market

roads.

Street lights, signage, Zebra crossings & Subway / Foot Over Bridges and road

markings to be introduced along roads and on intersections to improve visual

appeal.

Conversion of existing tube lights in to retro fits.

In addition, emphasis should be given for promoting non‐conventional energy

resources such as solar energy to meet a part of the power demand for uses like

street light.

Provision of parking need to be evenly distributed in all city areas.

Reduction in Energy Consumption by use of CNG, LED system.

Public Private Partnership.


Following are the identified projects for traffic & transportation in Sasaram Nagar

Parishad (Map 10.3).

Table 10.5: Proposed Projects and Estimated Cost: Sasaram town

S.N. MAJOR PROJECTS IDENTIFIED PHASE‐I PHASE‐II PHASE‐III

Qty Qty Qty

1 Up gradation of Bus Terminal 1 Nos. ‐ ‐ 2 Truck Terminal 1 Nos. ‐ ‐ 3 Footpaths 10 Km. 10 Km. ‐ 4 Parking lots (4 nos.) 2 Nos. 2 Nos. ‐ 5 Passenger sheds 6 Nos. 2 Nos. ‐

6 Up gradation and Strengthening of roads within the city and for missing links.

40 Km. ‐ ‐

7 New Road Construction and linking

‐ 15 Km. ‐

8 Repairing of the city Road 33 Km. 13 ‐ 9 Signage, Road Markings and 6 Nos. 5 Nos. ‐



S.N. MAJOR PROJECTS IDENTIFIED PHASE‐I PHASE‐II PHASE‐III

Qty Qty Qty

Pedestrian Crossing etc

10 Foot Over Bridge 1 Nos. 1 Nos. ‐

11 Junctions and Traffic signal improvement

5 Nos. 3 Nos. ‐

12 Comprehensive Mobility Plan ‐ 1 ‐

13 Street Light Conventional Street Lights 1500 Nos. 800 Nos. 190 Nos.

Solar Lights 500 Nos. 250 Nos. 100 Nos.


| Social Infrastructure i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

11 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE .......................................................................... 11‐1 11.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 11‐1 11.2 EXISTING STATUS ......................................................................................... 11‐1 11.2.1 Education ..................................................................................................... 11‐1 11.2.2 Health ........................................................................................................... 11‐2 11.2.3 Other Socio Cultural Facilities ...................................................................... 11‐2 11.3 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ................................................................................. 11‐3 11.4 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ........................................................................ 11‐3 11.4.1 Vision ........................................................................................................... 11‐3 11.4.2 Development Strategies .............................................................................. 11‐3 11.5 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .................................................................................. 11‐4

List of Tables

Table 11.1: Existing Educational Facilities, 2010: Sasaram town .................................. 11‐2


| Social Infrastructure 11‐1

11 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

11.1 INTRODUCTION

Social infrastructure has been recognized as a growth‐stimulating and sustaining route

to development of town. The effectiveness of social infrastructure in achieving the

objective of city development plan would depend upon its capacity to contribute to

improvement in the quality of life, enhanced self‐dependency, and City’s sustainability,

creation of livable City through reducing the sense of alienation among the residents

with less dependence on other settlements for basic infrastructure. The analysis is

based on facilities available through government and government‐aided institutions.

Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation guidelines have been also

used to analyze and identify needs & requirements of social infrastructures in the city

such as education, health, safety, etc. in sustainable view point.

Social Infrastructure in Sasaram town area caters to the demand and requirements of

the city as well as its neighbouring areas. For future proposals the surrounding

settlements are taken into the influence zone of Sasaram.

11.2 EXISTING STATUS

11.2.1 Education

Education is an important factor influencing the quality of life of the people and future

development of an area. It empowers them with skills and

knowledge and helps them to lead better life and to access

best of the employment opportunities available in the market.

This in turn will impact the work force participation rate and

economy of the area. There are 45 nursery, 16 primary schools,

17 middle schools, 4 High schools, 2 higher secondary school

and 4 colleges which are insufficient to serve the population of

the Sasaram town as well surrounding small towns and villages.

There are 4 colleges within city including 1 women college such as Sri Shankar

Mahavidyala, S. P. Jain College, Shershah College and 1 women college "Rohtas Mahila

Maha Vidyalaya. 1 ITI is 5 km away from town and Narayan Medical College & Hospital

is present 9 kms from Sasaram on GT road near village 'Jamuhar' in Sasaram.



11.2.2 Health

As far as health facilities are concerned, 1 General

Hospitals with 100 bedded capacities are present in

town. In addition to that 1 dispensary and 1 health

center and 1 family welfare center is present in

town. For specialised treatment people have to go to

Patna. In addition to that there are number of

private clinics and nursing homes of various specializations in Sasaram. There is 1

veterinary hospital in the whole City.

Presently, as per UDPFI guidelines these health facilities are insufficient for the City. In

the City area, most common diseases are fever, malaria, Syphilis, tuberculosis and

Gastroenteritis. These are mostly water borne diseases. Poor drainage system,

untreated water, and malnutrition are main causes of such disease.

Table 11.1: Existing Educational Facilities, 2010: Sasaram town

S.N. Health Facilities Institutes

Nos.

1 General Hospital 1 (100 bed capacity)

2 Dispensary 1

3 Primary Health Center 1

4 Veterinary Hospital 1

5 Family Welfare Center 1 Source: SPUR Cell, 2011

11.2.3 Other Socio Cultural Facilities

Police Station: There are 5 police stations in Sasaram town named as Town

Thana, P. S. Sagar, P. S. Mufatshaheed (on Old GT Road), Model Thana and

Police Chauki.

Fire Fighting: There is only 1 fire station in Sasaram

which serves the whole town as well as surrounding

areas.

Post Offices: There are 3 post offices in town one head

office at city level and 2 general post offices which are

inadequate to serve the whole town.

Parks, Gardens and Open Spaces: There are only 2

parks including 1 Municipal Park in the town named

Nehru Children Garden and Shersah Park (Map 11‐1).

Other community Facilities: There is 1 stadium, 3 cinema halls such as Anandy,

Sahu while Nishant is non‐functional. 1 Multipurpose community Hall, 3 public

libraries (such as Nishant Niketan, Ojha Library (town hall), Khudabakhs at



Chaukhandi Road) and 1 Telephone Exchange, 14 Banks, 2 Mela/ Festival ground

like Mahavir Sthan Ground (Nahar) and Surya Mandir ground. Sometimes Rauja

Ground is also used for cultural events and purposes. 2 cremation ground mainly

Bauliya Road and Nahar area. 1 Idgah near Rauja, 8 temples, 8 mosques, and 7

petrol pumps located in Sasaram Town.


The social infrastructure components have the potential to contribute to the

development of effective population absorbing capacity of the City. Apart from the

conventional components of health and education infrastructure, recreation facilities,

open spaces, and social security like fire fighting, crime management infrastructure are

some of other important aspects which is not at satisfactory level in Sasaram.

There is lack of professional and vocational training institutions.

There is lack of parks and playgrounds.

There is lack of recreational facilities such as stadium and recreational centers.

There is lack of community/multipurpose halls for organizing various socio‐

cultural activities.

Present fire fighting facilities are insufficient.

There is requirement of night shelters.

Cremation grounds and Idgah are not well developed as per requirement.

A welcome gate shall be developed for identification of the town.


11.4.1 Vision

“To provide social infrastructure including recreational and other community facilities

to enhance quality of life of the residents of Sasaram.”


Development of recreational facilities like sports complex, indoor stadiums and

other recreational centers.

Provision of Regional Park/ City Park shall be developed. Development of neighbourhood level parks and playgrounds.



Provision of nursing home and primary health centers. More number of

dispensaries are also proposed, which will serve the town as well as surrounding

villages.

Development of schools / technical institutes / colleges / research centre with

hostel and auxiliary housing to cater the needs of Sasaram and also of surrounding

areas.

Training institutes/vocational training centers for skilled manpower for various

sectors like industry, trade and service sectors including telecom, retail,

hospitality, health insurance, electronics and automobiles.

Community/multipurpose halls shall be developed for various performing

community activities in the town.

Welcome Gates/Entry and exit Gate of Sasaram shall be developed as identity of

Sasaram town. These entry gates are to be beautifully landscaped.

Up gradation of cremation ground and Idgah shall be done.

Provision of night shelters for beggars and homeless people.

Fire extinguishing facilities shall be enhanced in the town.


IDENTIFIED PROJECTS

PHASE‐I (2011‐16)

PHASE‐II (2016‐21)

PHASE‐III (2021‐30)

Qty (Nos.) Qty (Nos.) Qty (Nos.)

RECREATION

Multipurpose Community Hall 2 1 1

Playgrounds 1 ‐ ‐

Neighbourhood parks 3 2 1

Recreational Centers 1 ‐ ‐

City Park 1 ‐ 1

OTHERS

Night Shelters, Beggar’s Home 1 ‐ ‐

Welcome Gate/ Check post 2 1 ‐

Fire Station 1 ‐ 1

Cremation Ground 3 2 1


| Services to the Urban Poor i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

12 SERVICES TO THE URBAN POOR ................................................................. 12‐1 12.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 12‐1 12.2 EXISTING STATUS ............................................................................................ 12‐1 12.2.1 Existing Slums in Sasaram ............................................................................... 12‐1 12.2.2 General Characteristics of Slums in Sasaram ................................................. 12‐2 12.2.3 Land Ownership/ Tenure Status ..................................................................... 12‐2 12.3 URBAN BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS ................................................................. 12‐2 12.3.1 Socio‐Economic Characteristics of Slum Population ...................................... 12‐2 12.3.2 Basic Infrastructure and Environmental Conditions....................................... 12‐2 12.3.3 Drainage .......................................................................................................... 12‐3 12.3.4 Pavements/Roads ........................................................................................... 12‐3 12.3.5 Sanitation ........................................................................................................ 12‐3 12.3.6 Solid Waste Management .............................................................................. 12‐3 12.3.7 Water Supply .................................................................................................. 12‐4 12.3.8 Community Facilities and Institutional Structures ......................................... 12‐4 12.4 ISSUES AND FINDINGS .................................................................................... 12‐4 12.5 SWOT ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 12‐5 12.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ............................ 12‐5 12.6.1 Vision .............................................................................................................. 12‐5 12.6.2 Goals and Service Outcomes .......................................................................... 12‐5 12.6.3 Development Strategies ................................................................................. 12‐6 12.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ..................................................................................... 12‐6

List of Tables

Table 12.1: SWOT Analysis of Slums Sasaram Town ..................................................... 12‐5 Table 12.2: Goals and Service Outcomes‐Basic Services for Poor ................................. 12‐5


| Services to the Urban Poor 12‐1

12 SERVICES TO THE URBAN POOR

12.1 INTRODUCTION

Poverty connotes a helpless situation of a person who finds it difficult to sustain

livelihood of self or his family has limited access to earning, nutrition, shelter and health

care ‐ a poor person, in spite of his backward socio‐economic status, still earns by

whatever means, that never becomes sufficient to accrue any surplus or capital. For the

rural migrants coming to Cities, in search of jobs, affordable housing becomes one of

the major problems, as the options available are beyond his affordability limits. A lot of

rural migrants come to the City from surrounding villages. As a result in Sasaram,

population lives in slum settlements making a living with minimal informal resources

that is available to them. Slums are essentially the products of urban poverty.

Population living in slums lacks access to basic services like safe water supply,

sanitation, solid waste disposal, drainage, access roads, street lights, and neighborhood

amenities like safe play area for children and community facilities, and electricity

connection, health and education facilities.

Urban poverty and slums are result of an unorganized fast growth of the town without

development of basic infrastructure facilities. In the Slum Area Act, 1956 Government

of India has defined slum areas as those areas where buildings are unfit for human

habitation. These slums lack the basic infrastructure facilities that are required for a

decent quality of life. The term ‘Slum’ describes a wide range of low income

settlements or poor living conditions in settlements.

12.2 EXISTING STATUS

12.2.1 Existing Slums in Sasaram

There are 92 slum pockets in all wards with a population

of 41119 and 5954 households. The population and no.

of households of all the notified slums. (The ward wise

slum pocket with number of

household and population

are given in annexure‐I).

Maximum no. of slum pocket is in Mogalpura (Ward‐9),

Sai Tola (Ward‐2), Fazalganj (Ward‐2), Karan Sarai (Ward‐

3), Gandhinim (Ward‐5), Gudri (Ward‐6), Ansarganj



(Ward‐7), Chik Toli (Ward‐15), Adamkhani (Ward‐4), Mochi Tola (Ward‐21), Laskariganj

(Ward‐22), with total households above 70. The maximum no. of Households is in

Mogalpura i.e. 80 and population resides are 594 (Map 12‐1).

12.2.2 General Characteristics of Slums in Sasaram

Sasaram is characterized by a very significant presence of the urban poor, with a

growing poverty profile. Slum settlements have multiplied over decades and the living

conditions of the poor have not improved. They are mainly construction labourers,

rickshaw pullers, daily wage earners, etc. with low incomes. Earlier slums started only

on the periphery of the town. However, during last few decades, the growth of slums

has been reported in the inner areas as well and since last few years slums have spread

all over the town. Slums are mainly inhabited on Government/private lands, near

heritage sites (encroachments), along Shersah Suri Canal/Nallah, Near Railway station

and southern part of towns etc.

Environmental decline, inadequate basic services and infrastructure in the poor

settlements hit the poor hardest. Slums are scattered across the City, with high

population densities and the number of people inhabiting them is estimated to be

around 41119 persons.

12.2.3 Land Ownership/ Tenure Status

As per the survey conducted under SPUR Programme in June 2010, 92 slum pockets,

land ownership of slum pockets are under state government, central government and

others or private. Slum pockets are also developed on the Nagar Parishad land.

12.3 URBAN BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS

12.3.1 Socio‐Economic Characteristics of Slum Population

Presently there are 92 slum pockets inhabited by 41119 persons where civic condition is

very poor because the city has not been able to provide basic civic amenities in these

slum areas. Almost 75% of the slum’s families are living below poverty line.

12.3.2 Basic Infrastructure and Environmental Conditions

The environmental conditions in some slums are very poor

and lack basic civic amenities like dust proof roads,

drainage, protected water supply, street lights and

adequate number of community toilets. The common

diseases prevalent in slums are the water‐borne diseases.

At some places basic infrastructure like construction of side

drains, pavement of lanes, toilets, primary health centers etc have been provided.



However they are deficient in quality and quantity. Following problems are common in

all slums.

Congested and inadequate Road networks

Poor sanitary conditions

No sewerage connection

No arrangement for Solid waste disposal

Bad condition of buildings

12.3.3 Drainage

Major part of the city does not have adequate drainage and in some part, the existing

drainage needs immediate overhauling. Drains are chocked in some slum areas

resulting in overflow of the drains and environmental degradation. Also the slums

mostly lie in low lying areas, leading to water logging and unhygienic conditions during

monsoon. This is also necessary as roads cannot be maintained unless and until proper

drainage network cover the whole city. The drainage project initially should cover the

major part of the old city and newly grown up colonies by identification of sites, which

are in dire necessity of modifying/ constructing new drains.

12.3.4 Pavements/Roads

Several slum pockets need paved roads as the inhabitants find it difficult even to reach

their houses during rains. Surface drains are also proposed for these areas. The kutcha

roads become water logged and also breeding ground for many vectors. Total

percentage coverage of pucca roads in slums are only 28 %.

12.3.5 Sanitation

It is the one of the most important basic services. Particularly in slum areas, it is the

primary amenity, which is to be provided by the local body. Some of the slums have

very poor sanitary conditions. Only 3 community toilets are available in slums.

12.3.6 Solid Waste Management

Similarly, there is no provision for dumping solid waste

generated by the residents and it is dumped at any open space

available, usually on a vacant plot, corners of the street, open

Nallah mainly along Shersah Suri Canal etc. Out of the 92 slums

14 slums are dumping their waste in open areas and drains or

canal area because of no designated space for dumping of waste. As far as garbage

collection is concerned, only in only few slums, waste collection is in practice. This

creates unhygienic situation in these slum pockets.



12.3.7 Water Supply

Provision of safe drinking water in slum areas is essential

because prevailing sanitary condition in these areas are not

satisfactory and there is every possibility of water borne

disease like Cholera, E‐Hepatitis, and Gastroenteritis.

Presently, slum dwellers are mostly dependent for their need of drinking water and for

other purpose on hand pumps, stand posts and canals.

12.3.8 Community Facilities and Institutional Structures

The community facilities in the slums comprise of schools,

Aanganwadi, community grounds etc. There are negligible

facilities for education, health, social and economic welfare of

people living in slum areas of Sasaram.


25% of the population is residing in slum areas, which are spread in all wards

and town locations.

There are 92 slum pockets distributed in wards with 5954 households and 41119

populations.

Water is being mainly supplied by 60 public stand posts and 210 hand pumps

installed in slum pockets.

There are just 3 public conveniences in 92 slum pockets which are negligible.

The ground water is contaminated due to open defecation, thus exposing the

inhabitants to risk of various water borne diseases.

Most of the slums are dependent on public stand posts and hand pumps.

Absence of solid waste management practices.

There is poor electricity connection in the slums only 1145 households have this

facility; even the schools and community buildings lack this facility.

In absence of proper strategy and policies to create affordable housing stock for

urban poor in the city, the growth of new slums will remain unabated.

Lack of comprehensive urban poverty reduction policy.

Weak management resource base.



12.5 SWOT ANALYSIS

Table 12.1: SWOT Analysis of Slums Sasaram Town

12.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

12.6.1 Vision

“To provide affordable housing and basic services to urban poor”

Improving the living condition of the poor is important to make the identity of the city

and improve the overall condition of the town. Thus special attention shall be given to

the poors and infrastructure provision for them should be at par with rest of the city.

12.6.2 Goals and Service Outcomes

By the end of this project that is by the end of the year 2030; all facilities like network

coverage, Provision of sanitation facilities i.e. community toilets linked to main sewer

line, lighting, proper road connectivity, pucca houses and education to all is to be fully

provided. (Table 13.2)

Table 12.2: Goals and Service Outcomes‐Basic Services for Poor

S.N. Goal 2016 2021 2030

1 Network Coverage for Slum households 90% 100% 100%

2 Construction of Community Toilets and linking them to the proposed Sewer Network.

100% 100% 100%

3 UGD Coverage for Slum Households 90% 100% 100%

4 Adequately Lit Slum 100% 100% 100%

5 Adequate Road Link for the Slum 100% 100% 100%

6 Pucca houses for all Slum Households 50% 80% 100%

7 Education for all in Slums 100% 100% 100%


Availability of large number of skilled and non skilled human resources

There is willingness and special attention of Central and State Government to improve the condition of poor. Thus, funds are available under various schemes viz. DFID, IHSDP etc.

WEAKNESS THREATS

Slum pockets are distributed all over the town in various wards.

Absence of basic infrastructure facilities

Lack of educational facilities.

Lack of Health facilities for the slum dwellers.

Unhygienic condition of housing and amenities.

Encroachment of slums in an unorganized manner.

Continuous increase in slum settlements and unavailability of infrastructure.




As per National Slum Policy the objectives to formulate strategy are:

To integrate slum settlements and communities residing within them into the

urban areas as a whole by creating awareness amongst the public and in

Governance of underlying principles that guide process of slum development

and improvement and the options that are available for bringing about the

integration.

To strengthen the legal and policy framework to facilitate the process of slum

development and improvement on a sustainable basis and

To establish a framework for involving all stakeholders for the efficient and

smooth implementation of policy objectives.

Key Strategies

Provision of affordable houses for poor living in dilapidated houses or having no

house.

Since the slum pockets are spread all over the city, it is proposed that the basic

services for slums will be treated at par with rest of the town and will be taken

care on priority basis for development.

Integrated development of slums including both housing and basic services shall

be done, wherever relocation of slums is required;

Insitu development of slums wherever possible;

Provision of community toilets and low cost individual toilets in slums

Provision of piped connection with minimum fixed prices

12.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED

There is requirement of 5954 houses in slums, which is also recommended by IHSDP.

This will be proposed in phase wise.


| Heritage and Conservation i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

13 HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION ............................................................... 13‐1 13.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 13‐1 13.2 PLACES OF TOURIST INTEREST: SASARAM .................................................... 13‐1 13.2.1 Sher Shah Suri Tomb / Mausoleum ............................................................... 13‐1 13.2.2 Tomb of Hasan Khan Suri .............................................................................. 13‐2 13.2.3 Rohtasgarh/Rohtas Fort ................................................................................ 13‐2 13.2.4 Chaurasan Mandir:‐ ....................................................................................... 13‐3 13.2.5 Tomb of Chandan Shaheed:‐ ......................................................................... 13‐3 13.2.6 Ashoka Inscription and a Rock‐cut Cave:‐ ..................................................... 13‐3 13.2.7 Tara Chandi Hill Temple:‐ .............................................................................. 13‐3 13.2.8 Gurudwara Taksal Sangat .............................................................................. 13‐3 13.2.9 Dhurwan Kund & Gupta Dham/ Gupteshwar:‐ ............................................. 13‐3 13.2.10 Deo Markandeya:‐ ......................................................................................... 13‐4 13.2.11 Bhaluni Dham:‐ .............................................................................................. 13‐4 13.2.12 Akbarpur:‐ ..................................................................................................... 13‐4 13.2.13 Shergarh:‐ ...................................................................................................... 13‐4 13.3 EXISTING STATUS OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS/AREAS ..................................... 13‐4 13.4 TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE TOWN ............................................................ 13‐5 13.5 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ................................................................................... 13‐6 13.6 SWOT ANALYSIS ............................................................................................ 13‐6 13.7 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ......................................................................... 13‐6 13.8 FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ................................... 13‐7

List of Tables

Table 13.1: Identified Projects for Heritage / Tourism: Sasaram Nagar Parishad......... 13‐7


| Heritage and Conservation 13‐1

13 HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION

13.1 INTRODUCTION

Heritage is the cultural, social and spiritual legacy that we inherit from our past and

pass on to the future. Heritage is unique in its reverence for Mother Nature in all her

manifestations. Ancient traditions, rituals and practices have embedded this reverence

in religion and even in normal day‐to‐day living.

Sasaram is one of the most prominent historical centers in India. Sasaram has very

famous heritage site named Sher Sah Suri mausoleum/ Tomb.

13.2 PLACES OF TOURIST INTEREST: SASARAM

Rohtas has a rich history which starts right from the pre‐historic era. It has remnants of

different empires from different time periods. It was under great rulers like Mauryan

kings, Harshavardhan, Babur, Sher Shah Suri and Akbar. Therefore it is quite natural

that the district is home to numerous historical monuments associated with some of

the greatest of the rulers of the country. Besides the historical and cultural

masterpieces Rohtas has also some very famous and holy religious sites. These sites

have great relevance in the religious life of the people of Bihar as well as other parts of

the country. Though Tourism Industry has not yet played an important role in the

economy of the town, followings are many potential tourist spots in and around the

Sasaram (Map 13‐1).

13.2.1 Sher Shah Suri Tomb / Mausoleum

Sher Shah Suri is truly regarded as one of the brilliant national heroes of India. His

father Hasan Shah was a Jagirdar of Sasaram. Sher

Shah was born in 1472 AD. Because of his high

personal qualities, starting his career as a small

jagirdar, he ascended the throne of Delhi in 1540 AD

after driving away Humayun, the Mughal emperor.

But unfortunately he could rule the nation for a very

short spell of five years.

Sher Shah was a great builder too. He built a new city on the bank of Yamuna River near

Delhi of which the sole survivor is the Old fort (Purana Qila) and the mosque within it

known for its lavishness of decoration. But his most outstanding contribution to the



field of architecture is the construction of his own tomb at Sasaram, Bihar which

combines soberness with elegance.

The tomb is regarded as one of the noblest specimens of Afghan architecture in India. It

is an imposing brick structure partly veneered with stone standing in the middle of a

fine square tank measuring about 305 mts and rising above a large stone terrace. The

9.15 mts high terrace is enclosed by a parapet wall with octagonal domed pavilions at

four corners.

In the middle of the terrace stands the mausoleum proper on a low octagonal plinth.

The building consists of a very large octagonal chamber surrounded by a 3.10 mts wide

verandah. Each arm of the octagon measures about 17.00 mts externally. Surrounding

the main dome are eight pillared cupolas on the corners of the octagon. The total

height of the tomb above the terrace measures 37.57 mts.

The interior of the tomb is sufficiently well ventilated and lighted through large

windows on the top portion of the walls. In a small arched recess above the mihrab on

the western wall is an inscription in two lines recording the completion of the tomb by

Salim Shah on the 7th day of Jumada, A.H. 952 (16th August 1545 AD), some three

months after the death of Sher Shah Suri. The tomb of his father Hassan Shah and that

of his son Salim Shah are some other monuments of architectural as well as

archaeological interest at Sasaram.

13.2.2 Tomb of Hasan Khan Suri

Hasan Khan Sur’s Tomb is also known as Sukha Rauza. It is

situated in the heart of the Sasaram town. It is the

mausoleum of Sher Shah Suri’s father. It is also an example of

Afghani culture.

13.2.3 Rohtasgarh/Rohtas Fort

Rohtas Fort is located in Dehri sub‐division 38 Kms south

of Sasaram. It is situated

along the western bank of

the river Sone. According to

local folklore the Fort got

its name from prince

Rohitashva, the son of the famous Puranic King

Harishchandra. Within this structure there are many important buildings like Baradari,

Rangmahal, Shish Mahal, Phool Mahal and grave of Mohammedan saint named Sheikh

Shah Babal.



13.2.4 Chaurasan Mandir:‐

This temple of Lord Shiva is one kilometer from Rohtas Fort. This place is known as

Bawan Talab which was once surrounded by 52 ponds, having no trace as of now. This

Chaurasan Mandir is believed to have been built by King Harishchandra.

13.2.5 Tomb of Chandan Shaheed:‐

On the summit of the Chandan Shaheed hill this tomb is situated. At the foot of the hill

there is a mosque having an inscription which refer to its construction during the reign

of Mughal ruler Jehangir.

13.2.6 Ashoka Inscription and a Rock‐cut Cave:‐

These structures are near the top of Chandan Shaheed Hill near Sasaram. The rock cut

cave situated there seems to be of Ashok’s period. There is an inscription of 8 lines

written in Brahmi character on a rock inside the cave.

13.2.7 Tara Chandi Hill Temple:‐

One km away from Chandan Shaheed Hill, lies Tara Chandi Hill

named after a local goddess Tara Chandi. The image of this

goddess is craved on a rock and worshipped by the local people.

The image represents a woman sitting on a man’s knee having

resemblance with Shiva‐Parvati image.

13.2.8 Gurudwara Taksal Sangat

This is a very prominent Gurudwara for the Sikhs of Sasaram.

This Gurudwara was built on the

instructions of Guru Tegh Bahadur ji.

When he (Guru Tegh Bahadur ji)

visited this place, tobacco was

cultivated here and his horse stopped here. He instructed the

local Sikh community to build a Gurudwara here.

13.2.9 Dhurwan Kund & Gupta Dham/ Gupteshwar:‐

Inside the Gupteswar cave of Kaimur Hill lays the Gupta Mahadev temple. This site is

situated in the Chenari Block of Rohtas District. Local legend links this temple with the

mythological story of Bhashmasur who after being blessed by Shiva chased him to test

the power of the blessing. At Gupteswar Vishnu came to the rescue of Shiva and killed

Bhashmasur cleverly. Gupteswar cave consists of two caves. The main cave is known

Patalganga among the local people. Inside the main cave there are numerous



stalagmites on which limestone dissolved with water drips regularly and has taken pillar

shape and hence local people worship it as Gupteswar Mahadev.

13.2.10 Deo Markandeya:‐

Deo Markandeya village is situated north of Nasirganj in Bikramganj sub‐division of

Sasaram district. This place is famous for temples of lord Vishnu and Sun.

13.2.11 Bhaluni Dham:‐

Bhaluni Dham is famous for Parvati Temple. It is at Bhaluni village near Bikramganj.

Local stories say that the Yajna performed here by Parvati’s father was destroyed by

Shiva after not being invited.

13.2.12 Akbarpur:‐

On the foothill of Kaimur and five km away from Rohtas Fort lies Akbarpur. It is named

after Mughal ruler Akbar. It contains the tomb of Malik Wishal Khan.

13.2.13 Shergarh:‐

The village is situated 13 kilometers south of chenari. It was a military cantonment

during the regime of Sher Shah. It has a ruin of fortress.

13.3 EXISTING STATUS OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS/AREAS

The ASI has long demanded removal of illegal constructions around the tomb.

According to ASI guidelines, no construction can be allowed within a 100‐metre radius

of a historical monument as well as construction beyond a certain height within a radius

of 200 metres. However, the rules have been violated time and again.

Also, the tanks around the five‐storey tomb were filled with domestic and other

discharge. Sasaram Nagar Parishad already issued notices seeking explanations from all

those who have constructed illegal structures in the vicinity of the tomb. Ruling on

public interest litigation (PIL) filed by a Sasaram resident, who contended the state

government was not taking adequate steps to preserve the World Heritage Site and

tomb, the court had expressed unhappiness about the monument's condition due to

years of neglect and exposure to pollution.

Early this year, district authorities banned discharge of polluted water, immersion of

idols and bathing in the tank. The ban was imposed early this year by the high court,

after the ASI warned of the threats to the tomb as the tank's water had turned acidic,

and the water level had gone down.



The historical tomb was declared a National Heritage site under the Ancient

Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, and the ASI given the

responsibility for its preservation and protection.

13.4 TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE TOWN

One of the famous tourist places of Bihar Sasaram owes its wide fame to its historical

significance. It is basically a small town located in the Rohtas District of Bihar. Sher Shah

Suri made Sasaram a key trade centre; he also built several monuments at Sasaram. The

magnificent Sher Sah Suri Tomb is a World Heritage Site under UNESCO. The samples of

Indo – Mughal – Afghan – British architecture that can be seen at Sasaram take tourists

to its glorious past. The Grand Trunk Road, Tomb of Hasan Sur Khan, Tomb of Sher

Shah Suri, Rohtaas Fort, Tara Chandi Temple, Chaurasan Mandir, Tomb of Chandan

Shaheed, Ashoka Inscription and a Rock‐cut Cave, Gurudwara Taksal Sangat, Dhurwan

Kund & Gupta Dham/ Gupteshwar, Deo Markandeya, Bhaluni Dham etc. are some of

the major attractions in and around Sasaram. Visitors can also go for cave exploration at

Kaimur hill.

Sasaram will be another tourist destination for people who visit Bodhgaya, Gaya,

Nalanda, Rajgir etc. Therefore Sasaram should be developing in the way that this

attracts the tourists coming to Gaya, Bodhgaya, Nalanda and Rajgir. Domestic and

foreign tourist arrivals in Gaya from 1991 to 2009 increased rapidly. In 2008 and 2009,

the maximum number of domestic tourist’s arrival is in the month of September and

onwards i.e. during Pitrapaksh Mela. So, the target will be set to that level to attract

tourists to addition of Sasaram in their tourist network circuit.

Possibility of Tourist Circuit

Sasaram will be the next cultural and heritage destination along with Sufi tourist circuit

and destination. The Centre proposes to develop ‘Sufi circuit' in Bihar. The Bihar Sharif

mazar at Phulwarisharif, Manersharif, the mausoleum of Sher Shah Suri at Sasaram and

dargahs at Munger and Jamui were the proposed destinations of the Sufi Circuit in

Bihar.

As mentioned earlier, The Centre Government proposes to develop ‘Sufi circuit'

including Sasaram. All the important places of the town and nearby areas are to be

developed in the form of a chain / packages according to expenses or time duration of

visit of tourists to keep in mind affordability level of tourists. The objective of having a

tourist circuit is to increase the total number of visits to all the destinations on the

circuit on one hand and to provide to the tourist the attraction of all the destinations

located on the circuit. Different types of tourist circuits (time based), i.e. of short

duration, medium duration & long duration, could be planned for tourism.



All the destinations for tourist circuits will be selected on the basis of its tourism

potential. These circuits must have well defined entry and exit. At the same time they

must not be separated by a large distance such that a tourist would not like to cover

them in a sequence.

A tourist who enters at the entry point should get motivated to visit all the places

identified on the circuit.


Since, the city and the whole state have potential for Heritage tourism, cultural tourism,

and Pilgrim Tourism etc., State government should take initiatives to publicize and

develop its rich heritage.

Major heritage issues of the town are:

There is no integrated tourist development plan.

Community participation in development of heritage sites is missing.

Redevelopment needed for area in and around all heritage and tourist places/

sites.

Ignorance of heritage importance and values.

Need of water front development for recreation and beautification (especially

for Shersah Suri Canal).

13.6 SWOT ANALYSIS

Strength Weakness

Sasaram is the place of historical

importance.

Sasaram has World Heritage sites.

Lack of proper physical infrastructure like

water supply, drainage, solid waste

management etc may affect the tourism

economy.

Opportunity Threats

High tourism potential (Domestic &

International)

Willingness and interest of People and

Authority.

Lack of maintenance.

Ignorance of heritage importance and

value.


Conservation of Heritage sites, water bodies, and development of its

surroundings as tourist spots shall be done to attract tourists.



Environmental conservation of Waterbodies and for that matter entire Sasaram

town needs to be pollution free to attract more tourists.

Quality of tourist infrastructure such as accommodation facilities need to be

improved so that tourist prefers to stay in Sasaram which will also help in

economic development of the town.

The rate of private sector participation will be promoted.

Sponsor maintenance of monuments, museums and parks and provision of public

convenience and facilities.

Involve the local community in tourism projects and ensure that the benefits of

tourism accumulate to them in right measure.

13.8 FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF IDENTIFIED PROJECTS

Table 13.1: Identified Projects for Heritage / Tourism: Sasaram Nagar Parishad

S. N Identified Projects Phase – I

(2011‐16)

Phase – I

(2016‐21)

Phase – I

(2021‐30)

1

Conservation & development of Heritage Sites

and Tombs (Shersah Suri Tomb, Hasan Sah Suri

& Rauja; Conservation, Street Scaping /

Landscaping, Water body development,

Pathways etc.)

Phase‐I ‐ ‐

2

Redevelopment & Up gradation of all other

religious & tourist places (Tarachandi, Taksaal

Sangat, Jama Masjid, Chandan Peer & Others

(Landscaping, Organised Recreational Spaces

etc.)

Phase‐I ‐ ‐

3 Preservation of Shersah Suri Canal

(Bioremediation, landscaping, Pathways etc.) Phase‐I ‐ ‐


| Environment i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

14 ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................... 14‐1 14.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 14‐1 14.2 POLLUTION LEVELS ...................................................................................... 14‐1 14.2.1 Air Pollution ................................................................................................. 14‐1 14.2.2 Noise Pollution ............................................................................................. 14‐2 14.2.3 Water Pollution ............................................................................................ 14‐2 14.2.4 Land Pollution .............................................................................................. 14‐3 14.3 CITY GREEN SPACES ..................................................................................... 14‐3 14.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT ............................................................................ 14‐3 14.5 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ........................................................................ 14‐5


| Environment 14‐1

14 ENVIRONMENT

14.1 INTRODUCTION

Creation of a sustainable physical and social environment for improving quality of life is

one of the major objectives of this development plan. All plants and animals adjust to

the environment in which they are born and live. A charge in any component of the

environment may cause discomfort and affect normal life. Any unfavorable change or

degeneration in the environment is known as ‘Environmental Pollution’. We need to

protect our environment to live happily.

14.2 POLLUTION LEVELS

For better environment, all its components should be protected from pollution and the

surroundings should be clean. We need to take good care of our land, water resources,

forests, and atmosphere. But our environment has been facing following environmental

problems:

Air Pollution

Noise Pollution

Water Pollution

Land Pollution

14.2.1 Air Pollution

All the major cities/towns in Bihar have seen significant increase in number of industries

in the last decade. Also the number of vehicles has increased during this decade. Due to

lack of power supply generator systems are more common in all commercial and

residential and public semi public places. As a result, there has been a significant

change in the quality of air in most of the urban centers. The quality of air is determined

in terms of identified parameters such as Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Sulphur

dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Carbon mono‐oxide (CO), Lead (Pb), Respiratory

Particulate Matter (RPM), etc. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) notified

National Ambient Air Quality Standard (April, 1994) with regard to SPM, SO2, NO2, CO,

Pb, RPM for Industrial area, Residential, Rural & other areas and for Sensitive areas.

Detailed air quality report for Sasaram is not available, as there are no stations located

in the city.



14.2.2 Noise Pollution

Major noise level can be attributed to motor vehicles, air‐horn, and loudspeakers.

1. Day time is reckoned in between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m.

2. Night time is reckoned in between 9 p.m. and 6 a.m.

3. Silence zone is defined as areas upto 100 meters around such premises as hospitals,

educational institutions, and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the

Competent Authority.

4. Mixed categories of areas should be declared as one of the four above mentioned

categories by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standard shall apply.

14.2.3 Water Pollution

The existing scenario of water pollution essentially deals with the availability of water

resources of acceptable quality in the city. It also depends upon the precipitation and

re‐charges potential of ground water reserves and the water availability from the

adjoining areas of the city by way of surface water flow through canals or tube wells.

In the core area of the city, the environment is spoiled due to absence of efficient

sewerage, drainage, and solid waste disposal system. Open drains result in unhygienic

living conditions. In rainy season, these drains overflow and pollute the local

environment.

1. Practices of rain water harvesting and artificial recharge and revival of traditional

methods for enhancing groundwater recharge need to be supported.

2. Need to prepare and implement a comprehensive strategy for regulating use of

ground water by large commercial establishment based on a careful evaluation of

aquifer capacity and annual recharge.

3. Suitable sites for dumping the toxic waste material may be identified and remedial

measures may be taken to prevent the movement of the toxic waste in the ground

water.

4. Excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides are the main non point source

of the pollution. These pollutants contribute to the pollution of the ground water as

well as surface water. Therefore the optional utilization of fertilizers, pesticides and

insecticides should be encouraged for improving the water quality.

Ground Water Quality

The ground water quality indicates that it is suitable both for drinking and irrigation

purposes but from past recent years it is started contaminated.



Surface Water

As per discussion with PHED and Water Supply Department, Water shows little amount

of Fluoride in some areas. Even indicators of organic pollutants, BOD value is also

under the permissible limit.

Most of the parameters are within limit . Water supplied from underground contains

impurities like Fluoride etc. therefore, it is required water treatment before its supply

to the city.

14.2.4 Land Pollution

This is the important aspect of environment, which needs immediate attention. There

are various factors by which land gets polluted such as emergence of slums,

indiscriminate disposal of garbage, low lying areas/ water‐ logging areas etc. a number

of vacant plots in various colonies have been turned into garbage disposal points

thereby leading to unhygienic living conditions. These garbage disposal points and

water logging have became the breeding sites for the mosquitoes and various other

pathogens, which lead to a number of disease like Cholera, Malaria, Typhoid, gastro‐

intestinal infection etc.

Many slums, which are present in the city, are classified into notified and un‐notified

slums. The un‐notified slums are in bad state. They do not have good living conditions,

no sewerage system, no pucca roads, and other facilities. These slums spoil the

environment because of unhygienic conditions due to garbage dumping, open drains

and water logging.

14.3 CITY GREEN SPACES

Out of total area of the city, only few areas of the city come under green spaces and

open spaces as per UDPFI Guideline comparison. Presently, Nehru Children Park and

religious places are main recreational area in city. Since, this area is not sufficient for

the entire city, more area should be added to green organized spaces of the city.

14.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Human settlements are frequently affected by natural disasters, which take heavy toll

on human lives, destroy buildings and infrastructure and have far‐reaching economic

and social consequences for the community. Among all the natural disasters that

Sasaram may face, earthquake and wind hazards are the most devastating ones.



Seismic Hazard Map of India (BIS)

WIND

As far as wind hazard is concerned, few houses consist of semi‐permanent structures

and temporary. Semi‐permanent and temporary structures of the total structures are

very slightly prone to wind hazard because Sasaram is not in the destructive zone.

FLOOD

Sasaram is a drought prone area and not getting heavy rains which can cause floods.

Major problems in the city are water logging and water stagnant. However, the

temporary structures (mainly slum’s houses) have slightly risky during rains.

EARTHQUAKE

Rohtas District is located on Seismic zone IV.

This zone has just high risk during

earthquakes. Again temporary structures

(mainly slum’s houses) have risk of

devastation during earthquakes.

Bihar is vulnerable to different kinds of

disaster due to its geographical and

topographical location; it is prone to Flood,

Drought, Fire and Earthquake. According to

seismic zoning, some parts of the State are in

Zone‐IV & Zone‐V, which can cause

destruction.

Earthquake and Flood Zones in Bihar

Wind and Cyclone Zones in Bihar



From the above figures it is clear that Sasaram being under moderate Zone is not

subjected much to disaster like Flood, Earthquake and cyclone but falls under draught

prone areas of Bihar. The districts usually affected under this disaster are Kaimur,

Rohtas, Aurangabad, Jehanabad, Gaya, Nawada, Jamui and Banka.

In the year 2010 Bihar cabinet declared 28 out of 38 districts in Bihar as draught hit in a

view of acute shortfall in rain which also includes Rohtas. Also in the year 2009, Rohtas

was one of the 26 draught suffered districts including Gaya and Aurangabad.


Following are suggestions to reduce the levels of environment pollution:

Sasaram city should undertake monitoring of compliance with management

plans.

Measures should be taken to encourage the city to annually report their

environment performance to their governing bodies.

Consider creation of an Environment Restoration Fund.

Construction of public toilets in areas where sewerage network is not available,

especially in slum pockets.

An integrated approach to energy conservation and adoption of renewable

energy technologies need to be adopted.



Viable models of public‐private partnerships for setting up and operating secure

landfills, incinerators, and other appropriate techniques for the treatment and

disposal of toxic and hazardous waste, both industrial and biomedical, on

payment by users, taking the concerns of local communities into account should

be explored and implementation.

Capacities of local bodies for segregation, recycling, and reuse of municipal solid

wastes and setting up and operating sanitary landfills, in particular through

competitive outsourcing of solid waste management services need to be

strengthened.

Heritage sites considered to have “Incomparable Values” would merit stricter

standards than otherwise comparable situations, and particular attention should

be paid to monitoring and enforcement of environmental standards in their

case.

Promote adoption of clean technologies by industry, in particular in the small and

medium sector, through regulatory and fiscal measures, and standards setting.


| Urban Governance and Reforms i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

15 URBAN GOVERNANCE AND REFORMS ....................................................... 15‐1 15.1 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE.............................................................................. 15‐1 15.2 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN BIHAR .............................................................. 15‐2 15.3 FUNCTIONS OF ULBS IN BIHAR ....................................................................... 15‐3 15.4 FUNCTIONS OF SASARM NAGAR PARISHAD ................................................... 15‐5 15.5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SNP .......................................................... 15‐5 15.6 FINANCIAL POSITION OF SASARAM MUNICIPAL COUNCIL ............................ 15‐8 15.7 URBAN REFORM ............................................................................................. 15‐8 15.8 MANDATORY REFORMS .................................................................................. 15‐9 15.8.1 Reforms at Urban Local Body / Parastatal ...................................................... 15‐9 15.8.2 Reforms at State Level .................................................................................... 15‐9 15.9 OPTIONAL REFORMS .................................................................................... 15‐10 15.10 ADOPTION OF MUNICIPAL REFORMS ........................................................... 15‐10 15.10.1 Status of Mandatory Reforms at Sasaram Nagar Parishad .......................... 15‐11 15.10.2 Status of Optional Reforms at Sasaram Nagar Parishad .............................. 15‐12 15.11 ISSUES ........................................................................................................... 15‐13 15.12 CITY SPECIFIC STRATEGIES AND IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ................................ 15‐13

List of Tables

Table 15.1: Sate‐wise compliance of provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment, Act, 1992. .............................................................................................................. 15‐2

Table 15.2 : Details of manpower resources in Sasaram Nagar Parishad ..................... 15‐6 Table 15.3: Identified Projects .................................................................................... 15‐14

List of Figures

Figure 15.1:Organisational Structure‐Sasaram Municipal Council ................................ 15‐6


| Urban Governance and Reforms 15‐1

15 URBAN GOVERNANCE AND REFORMS

15.1 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE

Urban local bodies/municipalities play an important role in the planning and

development of urban areas. However, most studies undertaken to assess the

functioning of municipalities in India point out that the performance of municipalities in

the discharge of their duties has continued to deteriorate over time. It is noted that

municipalities in India are confronted with a number of problems, such as inefficiency in

the conduct of business, ineffective participation by the weaker sections of the

population in local governance, weak financial condition, lack of transparency in the

planning and implementation of projects, etc. which affect their performance adversely.

An important initiative of the Government of India to strengthen municipal governance

is the enactment of the Constitution (74th Amendment) Act (CAA) in 1992. Until the

recent amendment, local governments in India were organised on the basis of the ‘ultra

vires’ principle [beyond the powers or authority granted by law] and the state

governments were free to extend or control the functional sphere through executive

decisions without an amendment to the legislative provisions. Through this initiative, an

attempt is being made to improve the performance ability of municipalities, so that

they are able to discharge their duties efficiently.

While most of the state governments have ratified the 74th CAA, they find it difficult to

implement its provisions in totality. The main problem is that functional devolution to

ULBs hasn’t been supported by adequate transfer of revenue sources. Further, the

financial autonomy of ULBs has been undermined as they have to seek state

government approval for enhancement in tax rates and user charges beyond the limits

mentioned in municipal laws. Furthermore, ULBs have limited powers to institute new

taxes. The 74th CAA also introduces schedule 12th in the Constitution, which lists 18

subjects coming under the jurisdiction of municipalities. The 18 subjects/ functions

mentioned under the 12th schedule include the following:

Urban planning including town planning

Regulation of land use and construction of buildings

Planning for economic and social development

Roads and bridges

Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes

Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management

Fire services



Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological

aspects

Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the

handicapped and mentally retarded

Slum improvement and upgrading

Urban poverty alleviation

Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens and

playgrounds

Promotion of cultural educational and aesthetic aspects

Burials and burial grounds: cremations, cremation grounds and electric

crematoriums

Cattle pounds, prevention of cruelty to animals

Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths

Public amenities including street lighting parking lots, bus stops and public

conveniences; and

Regulation of slaughterhouses and tanneries

15.2 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN BIHAR

The organization of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Bihar, like in any other states where

74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 is implemented, is done on the basis of three

tier system viz. Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils and Municipal Panchyats. Its

functioning is largely guided by Bihar Municipal Act, 2007.

As far compliance of 74th CAA, 1992 is concerned. On the basis of certain indicators like

constitution of ULBs, reservation of seats, regular conduct of election, constitution of

Ward Committees (WCs), District Planning Committees (DPCs) and Metropolitan

Planning Committees (MPCs) and State Finance Commission (SFC), Bihar state has

successfully complied with all except WC and MPC.

Table 15.1 given below, presents the State‐wise compliance of the 74th Constitutional

Amendment Act provisions.

Table 15.1: Sate‐wise compliance of provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment, Act, 1992.

State/UT

Constitutio

n of ULBs

Reservatio

n of seats

Regular

conduct of

election

Constitutio

n of WCs

Constitutio

n of DPCs

Constitutio

n of MPCs

Constitutio

n of SFCs

Andhra

Pradesh

Arunachal

Pradesh



State/UT

Constitutio

n of ULBs

Reservatio

n of seats

Regular

conduct of

election

Constitutio

n of WCs

Constitutio

n of DPCs

Constitutio

n of MPCs

Constitutio

n of SFCs

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Delhi

Goa

Gujarat

Haryana

Himachal

Pradesh

Jharkhand

Karnataka

Kerala

Madhya

Pradesh

Maharashtra

Manipur

Meghalaya

Mizoram

Nagaland

Orissa

Punjab

Rajasthan

Sikkim

Tamil Nadu

Tripura

Uttaranchal

Uttar

Pradesh

West Bengal

15.3 FUNCTIONS OF ULBS IN BIHAR

ULBs in Bihar are functioning under ‘The Bihar Municipal Act, 2007’. Chapter VI (section

45) of the said Act defines functions of the ULBs as under:

Core Municipal Functions:

45 (1) Every Municipality shall‐



Provide on its own or arrange to provide through any agency the following

core municipal services:‐

water‐supply for domestic, industrial, and commercial purposes,

drainage and sewerage,

solid waste management,

preparation of plans for development and social justice,

communication systems, construction and maintenance of roads,

footpaths, pedestrian pathways, transportation terminals, both for

passengers and goods, bridges, over‐bridges, subways, ferries, and inland

water transport system,

transport system accessories including traffic engineering schemes,

street furniture, street lighting, parking areas, and bus stops,

community health and protection of environment including planting and

caring of trees on road sides and elsewhere,

markets and slaughterhouses,

promotion of educational, sports and cultural activities, and

Aesthetic environment.

Perform such other statutory or regulatory functions as may be provided by

or under this Act or under any other law for the time being in force.

Further, section 46 mentions about some additional functions assigned by the

government in the following words:

“The Municipality may, subject to the underwriting of the costs by, and approval of, the

Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, undertake any

function belonging to the functional domain of the Central Government or the State

Government, as the case may be, and such functions may include primary education,

curative health, transport, supply of energy, arrangements for fire prevention and fire

safety, and urban poverty alleviation.”

In addition to its core functions, ULBs are expected to discharge some educational,

health, poverty etc. related functions as directed by the governments to facilitate

implementation of various sponsored schemes.

Moreover, Section 47 (Other Functions) of Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 further says, after

having discharged satisfactorily its core functions, subject to its technical, managerial

and financial capabilities, A Municipality may undertake or perform or promote the

performance of, any of functions in the sphere of:



town planning, urban development, development of commercial

infrastructure;

protection of environment;

public health and sanitation;

education and culture;

public welfare; and

Community relations.

Apparently, these optional functions based on the capabilities of particular ULBs have

been kept under the preview of law in the light of 74th CAA, 1992.

15.4 FUNCTIONS OF SASARM NAGAR PARISHAD

Based on the preliminary information collected and reconnaissance survey done by the

Consultants team, major functions being discharged by Sasaram Municipal Council

(SMC) are as follows:

Collection of taxes (property tax, house tax, water tax, cleaning tax,

professional tax, toll tax)

Birth and death registration,

Rickshaw and Thela registration and Tax Collection

Building permission and maps approval,

Water‐supply,

Drainage

Solid Waste Management and Sanitation

Roads (partially),

Street lighting,

Slaughterhouses,

Slum Development,

Development of Parks and Playground,

In addition to above core functions, like any other ULB, SMC is implementing various

government sponsored prorammes and schemes like ILCS, BPL surveys etc. SMC also

undertake some self financing schemes like development of markets and shopping

complexes etc.

15.5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SNP

There are two wings in Sasaram Nagar Nigam i.e. Elected wings headed by Chairperson

and Executive wings headed by Executive Officer. The SNP functions through various

divisions within it. There are four major divisions in SNP such as General administration

and Accounts, Revenue and Tax Collection, and Health (Refer figure 20.1 organizational



structure of SNP). In general Administration and Engineering Division staffs are on

additional charge. More post should be sanctioned for Sasaram Nagar Parishad for

technical staffs.

Table 15.2 shows the strength of SNP in terms of manpower resources showing details

of sanctioned positions for various grades.

Table 15.2 : Details of manpower resources in Sasaram Nagar Parishad

Designation Department Sanctioned Existing Vacant post Contract

E.O. General 1 1 0 0

J.E. Engineering 1 0 1 0

Head Clerk cum accountant

General Administrative & Accounts

1 0 1 0

Senior Assistant General Administrative & Accounts

2 1 1 0

U.D.C General Administrative & Accounts

2 2 0 0

L.D.C General Administrative & Accounts

16 8 8 0

Sasaram Nagar Parishad

Elected Executive

Chairman

Deputy Chairman

Ward Councilors

Executive Officer

HealthEngineering Tax Collection

& Revenue

General

Administration

& Account

Sanitary Inspector

Ward Jamadarr

EE JE AE (EE & AE are on deputation)

Tax Inspector

Cashier Circle Staff Tax Collector Toll Collector

Figure 15.1:Organisational Structure‐Sasaram Municipal Council

Head Clerk Senior Asst. UDC LDC



Designation Department Sanctioned Existing Vacant post Contract

Peon General Administrative & Accounts

34 21 13 0

Court Peon General Administrative & Accounts

2 2 0 0

Computer operator

General Administrative & Accounts

0 0 0 1

Typist General Administrative & Accounts

1 0 1 0

Ameen General Administrative & Accounts

1 1 0 0

Gardener General Administrative & Accounts

2 2 0 0

Night Guard General Administrative & Accounts

1 1 0 0

Tax Daroga Tax Collection & Revenue 1 0 1 0

Cashier Tax Collection & Revenue 1 0 1 0

Tax Collector Tax Collection & Revenue 11 4 7 0

License Inspector

Tax Collection & Revenue 1 0 1 0

Ward Munshi Tax Collection & Revenue 10 3 7 0

Conservancy supervisor

Tax Collection & Revenue 2 0 2 0

Sanitary Inspector

Sanitation 1 1 0 0

Labour Sanitation 242 106 136 0

Annotator Sanitation 1 1 0 0

Raj Mistri Sanitation 1 0 1 0

Pay loader driver

Sanitation 0 0 0 1

Tipper Driver Sanitation 0 0 0 1

Pay loader & Tipper Helper

Sanitation 0 0 0 2

Rickshaw ,Thela puller & Safai Labor

Sanitation 0 0 0 90

Road Coolie Sanitation 2 2 0 0

Daily labour Sanitation 0 0 0 58

Driver Sanitation 1 0 1 0

Varak Sarkaar General 1 1 0 0

Carpenter General 2 0 2 0

Light Inspector Public Safety 2 0 2 0

Total 343 157 186 153



It is evident from the table 20.2 and Figure 20.1 that there are very few technical

positions sanctioned; for example, there is only one post each sanctioned for Executive

Engineer, Assistant Engineer and Junior Engineer. Importantly, manpower for essential

services like sanitation, fire service, electrical, chowkidar etc. are inadequate. Such

posts are real cause of concern as they directly affect the city dwellers and city

landscape. Actually ULBs incur more expenses on O&M of service with temporary and

adhoc arrangements than a trained team which goes long way to improve the capacity

of ULBs for future.

In addition to the above described manpower resources with SMC, various other line

departments and prastatal agencies are also involved in the provisioning of services and

utilities in SMC area. Prominent among such organizations from outside SMC include‐

PWD, NHAI, PHED, BSEB, Police (traffic), ASI etc.

15.6 FINANCIAL POSITION OF SASARAM MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

The chapter Financial Operating Plan explained the over view of Income & Expenditure

of Sasaram Nagar Parishad.

After assessment of various sectors, it is envisaged at this stage that major capital

investments are required to be made on basic urban services. Such capital demanding

infrastructure facilities include water supply system, drainage and sewerage system,

roads and transportation infrastructure, solid waste management, slums development

etc.

The Consultants has been analysed all relevant sectors in detail and formulate

strategies to address all related sectoral issues to identify priority projects along with

financial aspects.

15.7 URBAN REFORM

The main thrust of the revised strategy of urban renewal is to ensure improvement in

urban governance so that Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and para‐statal agencies become

financially sound with enhanced credit rating and ability to access market capital for

undertaking new programmes and expansion of services. In this improved environment,

public‐private participation models for provisioning of various services would also

become feasible. To achieve this objective, State Governments, Urban Local Bodies and

para‐statal agencies will be required to accept implementation of an agenda of reforms.

The proposed reforms shall broadly fall into two categories:‐

Mandatory reforms

Optional reforms



All the mandatory and optional reforms shall be implemented by the State/ ULB/ Para‐

Statals within the Scheme period.

15.8 MANDATORY REFORMS

There will be two sets of mandatory reforms. Core reforms at ULB/ Parastatal level aim

at process re‐engineering through deployment of technology to enable more efficient,

reliable, timely services in a transparent manner. The other set of reforms are

framework related at State Level.

15.8.1 Reforms at Urban Local Body / Parastatal

Adoption of modern, accrual – based double entry system of accounting in

Urban Local Bodies / Parastatals.

Introduction of system of e‐governance using IT applications like, GIS and MIS

for various services provided by ULBs / Parastatals.

Reform of property tax with GIS, so that it becomes major source of revenue for

Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and arrangements for its effective implementation so

that collection efficiency reaches at least 85% within next seven years.

Levy of reasonable user charges by ULBs / Para‐statals with the objective that

full cost of operation and maintenance or recurring cost is collected within next

seven years. However, cities/towns in North East and other special category

States may recover at least 50% of operation & maintenance charges initially.

These cities/towns should graduate to full O&M cost recovery in a phased

manner.

Internal earmarking within local body, budgets for basic services to the urban

poor.

Provision of basic services to urban poor including security of tenure at

affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring

delivery of other already existing universal services of the Government for

education, health, and social security.

15.8.2 Reforms at State Level

Implementation of decentralization measures as envisaged in 74th Constitution

Amendment Act. States should ensure meaningful association/engagement of

ULBs in planning function of para‐statals as well as delivery of services to the

citizens.

* Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation Act.

* Reform of Rent Control Laws balancing the interests of landlords and tenants.

Rationalization of Stamp Duty to bring it down to no more than 5% within next

seven years.



Enactment of Public Disclosure Law to ensure preparation of medium‐term fiscal

plan of ULBs/ Parastatals and release of quarterly performance information to

all stakeholders

Enactment of Community Participation Law to institutionalize citizen

participation and introducing the concept of Area Sabha in urban areas.

Assigning or associating elected ULBs with “city planning function”. Over a

period of seven years, transferring all special agencies that deliver civic services

in urban areas to ULBs and creating accountability platforms for all urban civic

service providers in transition.

* Note: In respect of schemes relating to water supply and sanitation, the under

mentioned State level mandatory reforms may be taken as optional

reforms:

Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling Act

Reform of Rent Control Act

15.9 OPTIONAL REFORMS

Revision of bye‐laws to streamline the approval process for construction of

buildings, development of sites, etc.

Simplification of legal and procedural frameworks for conversion of agricultural

land for non‐agricultural purposes.

Introduction of Property Title Certification System in ULBs.

Earmarking at least 20‐25% of developed land in all housing projects (both

Public and Private Agencies) for EWS/LIG category with a system of cross

subsidization.

Introduction of computerization process of registration of land and property.

Revision of bye‐laws to make rain water harvesting mandatory in all buildings

and adoption of water conservation measures.

Bye‐laws for reuse of recycled water

Administrative reforms i.e. reduction in establishment by bringing out voluntary

retirement schemes, non‐filling up of posts falling vacant due to retirement etc.,

and achieving specified milestones in this regard.

Structural reforms

Encouraging Public Private Partnership

Note: Any two optional reforms to be implemented together by State & ULBs /

Parastatals in each year.

15.10 ADOPTION OF MUNICIPAL REFORMS

Since these reforms are envisaged to be implemented in all the local bodies in the

country, instead of dictated by the Central and State government, the Local body needs



to adopt a proactive approach to undertake the implementation of some of the

reforms. This will facilitate the local body to improve their managerial, financial and

service delivery functions in an efficient and effective manner, make urban governance

citizen friendly and also provide transparent urban governance.

15.10.1 Status of Mandatory Reforms at Sasaram Nagar Parishad

With the Stakeholder consultation of all officials of Sasaram Nagar Parishad and

observations on functioning of the Urban Local Body, it has been established that the

urban local body has made efforts to implement some of the mandatory reforms. In

view of the Memorandum of Understanding signed by State Govt. with Government of

India, Govt. of Bihar is committed to implement state/parastatal/ULB level reforms in a

time‐bound manner access funds under the Urban Reforms Incentive Fund (URIF).

Agenda‐wise status of mandatory reforms at urban local body as under:‐

a) Accrual‐based double entry system of accounting: Presently Sasaram Nagar

Parishad is yet to initiate the double accounting system and computerized and

online tax collection system. Sasaram Nagar Parishad not developed and prepared

the Website for Sasaram Nagar Parishad where online tax payment system will be

develop and request and complain system will be also incorporated. At the present

situation Sasaram Nagar Parishad is used single entry cash basis accounting system

records transactions only on receipt and payment of cash (for income and

expenditure items) and not when such income and expenses accrue to ULBs. As a

result, an analysis of the true and fair view of the activities of the ULBs is not

possible as income accrued and expenditure incurred, are not clearly reflected in

the financial statements of the ULBs. Whereas, under double entry system all

income and expenses relating only to a particular accounting period are recorded

clearly and separately, whether these have been actually received or paid. This

system of accounting is well accepted by the Financial Institutions, lending agencies

and all other outside bodies.

It was reported that Nagar Parishad personnel were started to given training by

SPUR with State Government’s permission on Budgeting, Revenue Generation

Agendas and Urban Reform but accrual based double entry accounting system will

start later. There are lacks of human resources especially technical staff. Sasaram

Nagar Parishad has many vacant posts in all departments which need to be filled

and provide infrastructure and technical resources. Thus the efficiency level will

increase.

b) E‐governance using IT applications like, GIS and MIS for various services: Sasaram

Nagar Parishad has partially been computerised. Sasaram Nagar Parishad is able to

create only few important data‐bases and implement some of the MIS activities



with the help of limited employed. The Nagar Parishad Information System (MIS) is

an accurate database giving all the details of the Nagar Parishad services, personnel

and financial status of the municipalities. The SNP has partially computerised the

billing section of Sasaram Nagar Parishad. The Urban Local Body has already realised

direct good results of computerisation.

The capacity building activity started recently in Sasaram Nagar Parishad is yet to

yield results. There has been lack of motivation on part of municipal employees.

This poses a challenge for the municipal management authorities and needs to be

taken care of on urgent basis.

c) Reform of property tax with GIS: As regard to GIS application in Sasaram Nagar

Parishad functions, SNP is yet to make any headway. GIS mapping of properties and

utilities need to be done to manage municipal affairs spatially including property tax

collection.

d) Levy of reasonable user charges: There is no water meters installed in Sasaram

Nagar Parishad. SNP also collects some marginal amount as consolidated tax (for

cleaning, fire fighting and street lighting) apart from the water tax. Local body

officials are of the view that levying any further taxes are not feasible due to socio‐

political reasons.

e) O&M cost recovery in a phased manner: Municipal officials reported an

approximate loss in water supply. Very small percentage of total O&M cost on

water supply is recovered through levying water tax. A marginal cost is recovered

through consolidated tax.

f) Earmarking within local body, budgets for basic services to the urban poor: SNP is

not able to spend amount from local budget on basic services for urban poor.

g) Provision of basic services to urban poor including security of tenure at affordable

prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation etc.: Due to financial scarcity,

SNP is not able to take up any development works from its internal budget and

implements only government sponsored projects targeting urban poor.

15.10.2 Status of Optional Reforms at Sasaram Nagar Parishad

Sasaram Nagar Parishad is not able to take up optional reforms due to lack of human

resources, financial scarcity, weak operation and maintenance system, lack of E‐

governance system etc. It has been mentioned earlier that the local body is facing lot of

difficulties due to shortage of qualified, skilled manpower as various technical post are

lying vacant. Out of 343 sanctioned or approved post, 186 posts are vacant and rest

157 posts are in working.



15.11 ISSUES

The issues related to Urban Reforms at Sasaram Nagar Parishad are as under:

Various mandatory reforms at local body level are not being implemented

because of shortage of qualified and skilled manpower in the organisation;

Computerisation of the database is in place only for few of the aspects;

Capacity building activities have been recently started;

Levying user charges to recover O&M cost is a typical problem in any municipal

organisation of this size. It further gets complicated due to socio‐political

interference;

GIS mapping of properties and utilities to improve tax collection and

management could not be taken up yet due to lack of funds to create database;

There are no formal City Civic Centres for citizens of Sasaram at convenient

places. If such city civic centres are established at strategic locations along with

improved basic service provisions, it will directly improve image of the local

body on one hand instill confidence in citizenry on the other which in turn raise

willingness to pay increased user charges thereby improving cost recovery of

basic services offered by SNP.

Small size of budget doesn’t permit local body to take up any welfare projects

for urban poor from its own resources.

Efforts have been started to implement the mandatory reforms whereas SNP yet

to take any way forward for implementing optional reforms.

15.12 CITY SPECIFIC STRATEGIES AND IDENTIFIED PROJECTS

While appreciating efforts made by SNP towards taking up municipal reforms in the

past, we strongly recommend further making renewed sincere efforts to implement

reforms. It is in the interest of local body to implement reforms to access funds

available with central and state governments. With a view to strengthen and enable the

local body to implement reform agenda, following proposed projects are expected to

bring in the desired reforms at Sasaram Nagar Parishad.

The strategy to implement recommended reforms shall be to fund following projects

enabling local body to manage its affairs efficiently and in transparent manner. These

efforts along with refurbished and provisioning of adequate basic infrastructure

facilities are expected to strengthen the financial status of local body and shall make

the entire ULB functions sustainable. This will increase confidence of citizenry in

capabilities of SNP.



Table 15.3: Identified Projects

S.N. Identified Projects Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

Qty Qty Qty

1 Double Entry Accounting System (software

& training) Phase‐I ‐ ‐

2 E‐Governance (IT application‐GIS, MIS) Phase‐I ‐ ‐

3 Capacity Buildings and Training

Programmes Phase‐I ‐ ‐

4 Decentralised Complaint Redressed Phase‐I ‐ ‐

5 Contingencies Phase‐I ‐ ‐


| City Vision, Goals and Strategies i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

16 CITY VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES ...................................................... 16‐1 16.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................. 16‐1 16.2 CITY LEVEL SWOT ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 16‐1 16.3 CITY LEVEL VISION 2030 .................................................................................. 16‐2 16.4 DEVELOPMENT GOALS .................................................................................... 16‐3 16.5 SECTORAL STRATEGIES .................................................................................... 16‐3


| City Vision, Goals and Strategies 16‐1

16 CITY VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES

16.1 BACKGROUND

On the basis of detailed sectoral analysis, SWOT and vision for the Sasaram town

discussed during multiple stakeholders’ consultations in stages, every time modifying

the statement incorporating the feedback and aspirations of the various stakeholders as

a strategy to achieve an understanding on common vision; this chapter is intended to

show city level SWOT, city vision and city level goals and strategies in comprehensive

manner. The detailed sectoral analysis, SWOT, Sectoral vision and sectoral goals and

strategies have been discussed in all respective chapters.

Developing a shared and unanimous City Vision is central to the preparation of City

Development Plan (CDP). A vision is a statement where the city wishes to go, within a

given timeframe, and often expressed in clear expectations. The statement summarizes

the future city and helps visualize the future destination for the city so that all efforts,

strategies, actions are oriented towards it without losing focus. Therefore, a vision

aligns stakeholders’ energies to work cohesively for the development of the city. All

objectives, strategies, programmes and projects must be aligned with the vision of the

city.

Vision defines the potential of the city and reflects its unique attributes in terms of

comparative and competitive advantages, values and preferences of the city’s

residents, its place in the larger spectrum of settlements at local, regional, national and

international levels. A realistic city vision is also a statement of intent which evolves

within the physical and historical constraints of the city.

Developing a shared and unanimously accepted City Vision is a real challenge. Balancing

the demands arising out of competing sectors of activities, different interest groups of

the town and various environmental constraints, which generally gets neglected by

individual stakeholders’, requires significant efforts of consensus building.

16.2 CITY LEVEL SWOT ANALYSIS


Strategic location and strong road, rail link with the all major settlement within the district and state and national level corridors.

Strong potential for development of commercial and industrial Regional Center.

Intensive Tourism Base as it is a Historical center.



Major heritage and cultural destination.

Availability of large skilled and non skilled human resource.

Huge potential for water harvesting and ground water recharge.

High willingness and interest of People and Authority towards commercialization and trade & commerce.

WEAKNESS THREATS

Encroachments, Unorganized market base or commercial centers.

Water logging in low lying areas and drains are clogged with garbage.

Lack of organized city level public transportation and road network system (parking, medians, footpaths, signals, road marking etc.)

Over stressed infrastructure at city level. Increasing pollution level (Water, Air and

Land).

Pollution of Shersah Suri Canal in the city. Poverty is major problem.

Large Slum population without basic amenities.

16.3 CITY LEVEL VISION 2030

In order to ensure peoples’ participation in City Development Planning and

implementation, wide scale consultations with stakeholders’ were held at Sasaram

town. Open discussions on tentative vision statement, incorporating desired

modifications at each stage of consultations based on feedback, have helped in evolving

the city vision for Sasaram. The unanimously agreed vision statement is as under:

“Sasaram is visualized to be tourist destination prominently appearing on the

tourism map of the Bihar, with a Regional Service cum commercial Centre with

well defined Heritage & leisure destination with thriving sustained economy

based on tourism, handloom and allied activities supported by quality all basic

physical & social infrastructure for citizenry and visiting tourist.”

Supporting the above vision, a set of development objectives has been formulated.

These objectives put forward specific targets that Sasaram city wishes to achieve in a

given timeframe. Sector goals have been set based on the benchmarks for each of the

core sectors keeping in focus the agreed vision. To achieve the goal set for each sector,

alternative strategies have been formulated and debated during stakeholders’

consultations resulting in identification of priority projects.

The ‘Vision‐2030’ envisages Sasaram primarily a major regional economic and education

center with pilgrimage in the tourist circuits of Bodhgaya, Nalanda and Rajgir and

eventually establishes itself on tourism map of the country. The efforts being made by

the Bihar Tourism Development Corporation and Sasaram Nagar Parishad in this

direction are appreciable which is reflected in continuous increase in tourist arrival.

Development and conservation efforts for rich religious and pilgrimage center and

historical structures at Gaya indicate promising future for tourism industry.



The future prospects of industries (Agro based, handloom etc.) at Sasaram is one of the

important economic activity suggested by majority of the stakeholders. The handloom

industry with immense potential is being viewed central to overall development of

Sasaram which can trigger the development of other associated developing sectors

including tourism.

To optimize and reap the development benefits of economic sector activities like

manufacturing industry, tourism adequate, improved and well coordinated physical and

social infrastructure will be a pre‐requisite and also to support life and economy of

Sasaram on sustainable basis. Therefore, the emphasis on basic infrastructure

development such as water supply, sewerage, drainage, road, transportation and

communication etc. is well placed.

One of the basic functions of Sasaram city, in addition to its fast developing economic

activities, is to serve its rural hinterland as a ‘Regional Service Centre’. Sasaram offers

almost all service centre functions to the surrounding rural settlements including

agricultural marketing facility, trade and commerce, agricultural inputs, administrative

headquarters, judicial court, educational facilities like industrial training institute,

handloom training centre, higher secondary schools etc.

Thus, Sasaram is expected to strengthen its economy based on tourism and industry,

serve the rural surroundings with its improved and higher level facilities as regional

growth centre.

16.4 DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Sectoral development goals have been set considering various important factors which

have bearing on its achievements resulting into realization of city vision by the horizon

year 2030. Development goals have been detailed out independently discussed for all

sectors in respective chapters on the basis of priority. While formulating the City goals,

which are based on sectoral goals and consultations with the city stakeholders, it has

been ensured that they are socially beneficial, contextual, environmentally sustainable,

financially viable, institutionally executable and politically acceptable.

16.5 SECTORAL STRATEGIES

The gap between existing status of Sasaram and the city visualized by 2030 is to be

bridged. There may be different strategies to achieve the sector goals to realize the city

vision. Each strategy will have its own advantages and disadvantages. Alternative

strategies for meeting the gap are evaluated and selected on the basis of their

contributions to its goal, objectives and the reform agenda.



Selection of right strategy to achieve the corresponding sectoral goal is as important as

developing a vision for the city for CDP. Therefore, the Consultants through multiple

consultations with key stakeholders and in‐depth SWOT analysis of the existing status

of various sectors and experience of planning and development management of similar

towns have selected the sector strategy to achieve the set goals. While doing so, the

focus has been on the optimization of benefits to the larger population particularly the

disadvantaged sections, potential beneficiaries and target groups. Therefore, selection

of a strategy aims at ensuring maximum impact.

Formulation of development strategy aims at achieving the vision and expected

outcomes. Expected outcomes of any service provision are to ensure universal access to

a minimum level of services. Therefore, sector strategies have been formulated keeping

in view its adaptability in the given context, sustainability, acceptability, financial

viability and to ensure institutional efficiency and efficacy to achieve the vision.


| City Investment Plan i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

17 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN ........................................................................... 17‐1 17.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 17‐1 17.2 BASIS FOR PROJECT IDENTIFICATION ............................................................ 17‐1 17.3 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN ................................................................................ 17‐1 17.4 SECTORWISE AND PHASEWISE PROJECTS AND INVESTMENT PLAN ............. 17‐2 17.4.1 Water Supply ................................................................................................. 17‐2 17.4.2 Sewerage ....................................................................................................... 17‐3 17.4.3 Drainage ........................................................................................................ 17‐4 17.4.4 Solid Waste Management ............................................................................. 17‐5 17.4.5 Road and Transportation .............................................................................. 17‐5 17.4.6 Social infrastructure ...................................................................................... 17‐6 17.4.7 Urban Poor .................................................................................................... 17‐7 17.4.8 Heritage and Conservation ........................................................................... 17‐7 17.4.9 E‐Governance ................................................................................................ 17‐8

List of Tables

Table 17.1: City Investment Plan: 2011‐2030 ................................................................. 17‐1 Table 17.2: Economic Development ............................................................................... 17‐2 Table 17.3: Water Supply ............................................................................................... 17‐3 Table 17.4: Sewerage & Sanitation ................................................................................. 17‐4 Table 17.5: Drainage ....................................................................................................... 17‐4 Table 17.6: Solid Waste Management ............................................................................ 17‐5 Table 17.7: Traffic & Transportation .............................................................................. 17‐6 Table 17.8: Street Lights & Power .................................................................................. 17‐6 Table 17.9: Social Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 17‐6 Table 17.10: Services to Urban Poor .............................................................................. 17‐7 Table 17.11: Heritage and Conservation ........................................................................ 17‐7 Table 17.12: E Governance ............................................................................................. 17‐8


| City Investment Plan 17‐1

17 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN

17.1 INTRODUCTION

City Development Plan prepared for development of the City, various priority wise

projects are identified under physical & social infrastructure, heritage/ conservation,

economic development, slum improvement, etc.

17.2 BASIS FOR PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

All the above projects have been finalized after physical survey of the City, Analysis

work with keeping in mind the need and urgent requirement of city and after

discussions in workshop and department wise with the concerned officials from Gaya

Municipal Corporation, public representatives and citizens.

17.3 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN

The total investments of Rs 467.41 crore are required during a period from 2011 and

2030. Out of these investments Rs 298.13 crore i.e. nearly 64% are allocated in the

phase‐1, that is, the period up to 2016. Investments for Urban poor and Slum

development will cover housing and civic utilities. These amounts are derived at current

level of prices.

A Summary of the investment plan for the five years from 2011 to 2030 is given below

in Table 17.1 along with phase‐wise and sector‐wise distribution. The investment in the

phase‐1 is likely to take place within the period of 2011‐2016. The investment in the

second phase is expected to materialize within the period of 2016‐201 and the third

phase is 2021‐2030. The highest (21.93%) investment has been planned in the roads

and transportation (Rs 102.52 crore) followed by water supply Rs 73.07 crore and

sewerage Rs 67.20 crore.

Table 17.1: City Investment Plan: 2011‐2030

SECTORS

Investment Required (Rs, crore)

Total

Sector‐wise

Distribution

(%)

Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

(2011‐2016) (2016‐2021) (2021‐2030)

Economic Development 23.20 9.80 ‐ 33.00 7.06

Water Supply 46.66 26.41 ‐ 73.07 15.63

Sewerage and

Sanitation 27.80 34.15 5.25 67.20 14.38

Drainage 34.50 6.25 40.75 8.72



SECTORS

Investment Required (Rs, crore)

Total

Sector‐wise

Distribution

(%)

Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

(2011‐2016) (2016‐2021) (2021‐2030)

Solid Waste

Management 17.68 1.98 1.19 20.85 4.46

Roads and

Transportation 64.52 38.00 0.00 102.52 21.93




Heritage and

Conservation 39.20 ‐ ‐ 39.20 8.39

E‐governance and

Municipal Reforms 3.95 ‐ ‐ 3.95 0.84

TOTAL 298.13 141.12 28.15 467.41

100.00 Phase‐wise Distribution

(%) 63.78 30.19 6.02 100.00

17.4 SECTORWISE AND PHASEWISE PROJECTS AND INVESTMENT PLAN

The project identification has been done through a demand supply gap analysis of the

infrastructure and services, feedbacks of stakeholder’s workshops, consultations with

senior citizens of the town and officials of local body, reconciliation of already identified

projects as part of various detailed engineering studies, decentralized planning taken up

by local body. A Financial Operating Plan sector‐wise and total for investment for the

period 2011‐2030 has been shown below.

Table 17.2: Economic Development

S.N ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Project

Total Cost Phase I

(2011‐16) Phase II (2016‐21)

Phase III (2021‐30)

(Rs. In Crore)

1 Renovation of existing Nagar Parishad Markets

2 1.2 0.8 ‐

2

Construction of Sheds & Promotion Zone to accommodate household and small scale Units/ industries

15 15 ‐ ‐

3 Shopping / Commercial Complex 10 5 5 ‐

4 Platforms for Weekly Market/ Vegetable

6 2 4 ‐

Total 33 23.2 9.8 ‐

17.4.1 Water Supply

Existing water supply infrastructure is inadequate condition, due to which frequency of

water supply is less. Further, due to lack of planned detailed design gives very low



pressure of water causing inconvenience to users. In order to improve the overall

coverage of water supply, frequency, quantity and quality of water supplied

rehabilitation of existing system and new proposals for augmentation of water supply

system to serve the population of town up to 2030 has been proposed and detailed

projects identified and investment plan proposed has been shown in Table 18.3 which

will be invested in phases.

Table 17.3: Water Supply

SN WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS Total Cost

Phase I (2011‐2016)

Phase II (2016‐2021)

Phase III (2021‐2030)

(Rs. crore)

1 Main W/S pipeline 2.5 2.5 ‐ ‐

fixtures and fittings 0.5 0.5 ‐ ‐

2 Up‐gradation of Existing Pipeline

5.2 5.2 ‐ ‐

3 New distribution W/S pipeline 7.35 5.1 2.25 ‐

fixtures and fittings 1.47 1.02 0.45 ‐

4 Underground Tank, Pump house with 4 no. of pump sets

1.6 1.6 ‐ ‐

5 Overhead reservoirs (10 lakh capacity each)

14 8 6 ‐

pumps and pumping station 2.8 1.6 1.2 ‐

fixtures and fittings 3.36 1.92 1.44 ‐

6 Underground reservoirs 6.4 3.2 3.2 ‐

7 Filtration / Treatment works 21.24 11.776 9.472 ‐

8 O & M, Contingency Charges 6.64 4.2416 2.4012 ‐

Sub Total 73.07 46.65 26.41 ‐

Out of the overall investment of Rs. 73.07 Crores planned for Sasaram town water

supply system, Rs. 46.65 Crores is planned to invest in phase‐I and Rs 26.41 Crores is

planned to invest in phase‐II to cover the future development of the town.

17.4.2 Sewerage

In absence of any sewerage system in town, wastewater from households flows into

open drains and finally enters canal and Nallah creating unhygienic condition in town

and polluting the water. In view of the huge investment required for various

infrastructure developments in the town, it is proposed by the consultants to install a

waste water treatment plant on main drain to treat the waste water entering into river

and channels preparation of detailed project report for the sewerage system of the

town will be prepared on priority basis in Phase‐I till 2016. Major projects, overall

investment, and their phasing for development of sewerage system have been shown in

Table 17.4.



Table 17.4: Sewerage & Sanitation

To achieve the purpose a investment of Rs. 139.85 Crores will be required in two

phases and each phases will be required amount of 20.49 crore (Phase‐I) and 16.94

crore (Phase‐II).

17.4.3 Drainage

On analyzing, it has been observed by consultants that the existing drainage network is

sufficient but has inadequate capacity due to which flooding is a major issue in a large

number of areas. In addition, during rainy season most of the roads of the town is

submerged and the entries to town are blocked specially on Old GT Road, MG Road,

and Nawadih Road. To improve the drainage condition of the town and to conserve the

storm water, drainage system will be improved and rainwater harvesting is proposed to

be adopted. To achieve the goal of 100% coverage of drains and to eliminate the

problem of flooding from the town drainage system has been planned mainly in two

phases for which overall investment proposed has been shown in Table 17.6.

Table 17.5: Drainage

S. N. DRAINAGE Project Total Cost

Phase I (2011‐2016)

Phase II (2016‐2021)

Phase III (2021‐2030)

(Rs. In Crore)

1 Main Drain line (In km) 3 3 ‐ ‐

2 Secondary & Tertiary drains , length (In km)

36.87 30.87 6 ‐

3 strengthening of existing drain (In km)

0.3825 0.3825 ‐ ‐

4 Waste Water Treatment Plant 5 MLD capacity each (In nos.)

0.5 0.25 0.25 ‐

Total 40.7525 34.5025 6.25

S. N. SEWERAGE & SANITATION

Project

Total Cost

Phase I (2011‐2016)

Phase II (2016‐2021)

Phase III (2021‐2030)

(Rs. In Crore)

1 Main Pipe line installation 10 10 ‐ ‐

2 Secondary & Collector line 31.85 17.5 9.1 5.25

3 Treatment plant of 80 MLD (2 nos, 40 MLD each)

25 ‐ 25 ‐

4 Community Toilet Blocks with bath facility

0.25 0.2 0.05 ‐

5 Public Toilet without bath facility

0.1 0.1 0 ‐

Total 139.85 67.2 27.8 34.15



17.4.4 Solid Waste Management

One of the important basic infrastructures required to improve the quality of life of

people in town is solid waste management, which is commonly poor in Sasaram town.

Absence of door‐to‐door collection and ineffective secondary collection creates filthy

condition in town as waste is always being spread around dustbins and in open spaces.

In addition to inefficient collection system, there is lack of transportation vehicles and

equipments for collection of waste and scientific disposal system is absent. In order to

achieve the goal of clean city and 100% waste management, door to door collection on

pilot basis, segregation, storage and transportation in addition to sanitary land fill site

for scientific disposal of waste is being proposed for which overall investment planned

is Rs. 20.85 Crores which has been represented in Table 17.6.

Table 17.6: Solid Waste Management

S. N. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS

Total Cost

Phase I (2011‐2016)

Phase II (2016‐2021)

Phase III (2021‐2030)

(Rs. In Crore)

1 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (Operation & Management)

13.69 13.69 ‐ ‐

2 Vehicles and Equipments 7.12 3.95 1.97 1.19

3 Land Fill site development (1 no.)

0.04 0.04 ‐ ‐

Total 20.85 17.68 1.97 1.19

17.4.5 Road and Transportation

Roads and transport infrastructure becomes important for the town as it supports the

economy of the town. Even though all the important roads of the town are double

laned, but due to huge inflow and outflow of goods traffic and commercial

establishments along the important roads makes existing road inadequate. Due to

presence of large number of slow moving Rickshaw, animal cart for goods

transportation in town further reduces the capacity of roads. In addition to that, due to

lot of industrial and commercial activities, there is requirement of loading and

unloading facility and storage facility in the town. Thus to provide industrial

infrastructure to the town, Truck Terminal have been proposed at strategic location on

the important approach roads of the town. Parking has been proposed at 4 locations

which can be developed on PPP.

To achieve the goals and to implement the strategies finalized the investment plan of

Rs. 102.52 Crores has been proposed for roads and transport infrastructure

development in town. Project wise investment and phasing has been represented in

Table 17.7.



Table 17.7: Traffic & Transportation

S. N. TRAFFIC TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS

Total Cost

Phase I (2011‐2016)

Phase II (2016‐2021)

Phase III (2021‐2030)

(Rs. In Crore)

1 Up gradation of Bus Terminal 2.5 2.5

2 Truck Terminal 15 15

3 Footpaths (Rs. 1000 / sq. m.) 3 1.5 1.5

4 Parking lots (4 nos.) 10 5 5 0

5 Construction of passenger sheds

0.8 0.6 0.2

6

Up gradation and Strengthening of roads within the city and for missing links.

20.8 20.8 0

7 New Road Construction and linking

22.5 22.5 0

8 Repairing of the city Road 23 16.5 6.5

9 Signage, Road Markings and Pedestrian Crossing etc

0.22 0.12 0.1

10 Foot Over Bridge 1 0.5 0.5

11 Junctions and Traffic signal improvement

3.2 2 1.2

12 Comprehensive Mobility Plan 0.5 0.5

Total 102.52 64.52 38 0

Table 17.8: Street Lights & Power

S. N. STREET LIGHTS & POWER

PROJECTS

Total

Cost

Phase I

(2011‐2016)

Phase II

(2016‐2021)

Phase III

(2021‐2030)

(Rs. In Crore)

1 Conventional Street Lights 7.47 4.5 2.4 0.57

2 Solar Lights 3.4 2 1 0.4

Total 10.87 6.5 3.4 0.97

17.4.6 Social infrastructure

Social Infrastructure is an important factor affecting the quality of life of the people. For the

development of social infrastructure in town major projects identified includes projects

proposed under decentralized planning, as social needs of the town depends largely on the

requirement of the stakeholders. Total investment estimated for social infrastructure

development in Sasaram is estimated to be Rs 10.45, which are detailed in Table 17.9.

Table 17.9: Social Infrastructure

S.N SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

PROJECTS

Total Cost

Phase I(2011‐2016)

Phase II (2016‐2021)

Phase III(2021‐2030)

(Rs. crore)

RECREATION

1 Multipurpose Community Hall 2 1 0.5 0.5

2 Playgrounds 0.2 0.2



3 Neighbourhood parks 1.5 0.75 0.5 0.25

4 Recreational Centers 1.5 1.5 0 0

5 City Park 0.8 0.4 0.4

Sub Total 6 3.85 1 1.15

OTHERS

1 Night Shelters, Beggar’s Home 0.05 0.05 0 0

2 Welcome Gate/ Check post 0.105 0.07 0.035 0

3 Fire Station 10 5 5

4 Cremation Ground 0.3 0.15 0.1 0.05

Sub Total 10.455 5.27 0.135 5.05

One of the important projects proposed includes the development of the parks of the

and Recreational Centers to harness the beauty of the town. In addition to that

development of night shelters, cremation ground and welcome gate have been

proposed. It will improve the overall beauty of the town.

17.4.7 Urban Poor

Development of housing and basic infrastructure services for urban poor and slum

inhabitants is the focus of the State Government and Central Government. In this view

special programmes under like BSUP, IHSDP, and different DFID programmes with state

governments are under implementation in various small towns in Bihar and India wide.

Overall investment proposed for urban poor and slums is estimated to be Rs 59.54

Crores, which represented in Table 17.10.

Table 17.10: Services to Urban Poor

S. N. SERVICES TO URBAN POORS

Project

Total

Cost

Phase I

(2011‐2016)

Phase II (2016‐

2021)

Phase III

(2021‐2030)

(Rs. In Crore)

1 Provision of Housing (HH) 59.54 25 20 14.54

Total 59.54 25 20 14.54

17.4.8 Heritage and Conservation

Sasaram is a tourist destination famous for World Heritage Site Sher Shah Suri Tomb

along with other religious sites in Sasaram which needs to renovated, conserved as

heritage sites and developed to attract tourists. Thus overall investment required to be

invested for heritage conservation and tourism development is Rs. 39.2 Crores, details

of which are presented in Table 17.11.

Table 17.11: Heritage and Conservation

SN HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION

Project

Total Cost

Phase I (2011‐2016)

Phase II (2016‐2021)

Phase III (2021‐2030)

(Rs. In Crore)

1 Conservation of Heritage Sites and Tombs, Shersah Suri Tomb, Hasan Sah Suri & Others (Conservation,

30 30 ‐ ‐



SN HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION

Project

Total Cost

Phase I (2011‐2016)

Phase II (2016‐2021)

Phase III (2021‐2030)

(Rs. In Crore)

Street Scaping / Landscaping, Water bodies development, Pathways etc.)

2

Redevelopment & Up gradation of Temples and all Religious places, Tarachandi, Taksaal Sangat, Jama Masjid & Others (Pathways, Landscaping, Organised Recreational Spaces etc.)

3.2 3.2 ‐ ‐

3 Preservation of Shersah Suri Canal (Bioremediation, landscaping, Pathways etc.)

6 6 22 ‐

Total 39.2 39.2 ‐ ‐

17.4.9 E‐Governance

Development of E‐governance system and implementation of reforms are important to

develop the capacity of the municipalities to implement the development projects

proposed and to maintain the infrastructure developed. In this view, an investment

plan of Rs. 3.94 Crores has been proposed which is represented in Table 17.12.

Table 17.12: E Governance

S. N. E Governance

Project

Total

Cost

Phase I

(2011‐2016)

Phase II

(2016‐2021)

Phase III

(2021‐2030)

(Rs. In Crore)

1 Double Entry Accounting

System (software & training) 0.25 0.25

‐

2 E‐Governance (IT application‐

GIS, MIS) 0.82 0.82 ‐ ‐

3 Capacity Buildings and

Training Programmes 2 2 ‐ ‐

4 Decentralised Complaint

Redressed 0.22 0.22 ‐ ‐

5 Contingencies 0.658 0.658 ‐ ‐

Total 3.948 3.948 ‐ ‐

As mentioned in Table 17.12 major projects identified for E‐governance and reforms

implementation is development of double entry accounting system, computerization

including development of GIS and MIS database and organizing capacity building

programmes for department of general administration, water and sanitation, health,

accounts etc. which will help the better implementation of projects and maintenance of

infrastructure which are proposed to be implemented in Phase‐I requiring an

investment of Rs. 3.94. Development of decentralized complaint redressed system will



be implemented once all other GIS and MIS database will be well implemented.

Development of database in GIS and MIS for all the properties and infrastructure will

contribute in increasing the efficiency of user charges collections and property tax

collection, which in turn will strengthen the economic status of municipality


| Financial Operating Plan i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

18 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ........................................................................... 18‐1 18.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 18‐1 18.2 FINANCIAL PROFILE : EXISTING SCENARIO ....................................................... 18‐1 18.2.1 Sources of Revenue .......................................................................................... 18‐1 18.2.2 Revenue Income ............................................................................................... 18‐1 18.2.3 Growth of Income ............................................................................................ 18‐2 18.2.4 Structure of Revenue ....................................................................................... 18‐2 18.2.5 Efficiency in Tax Collection ............................................................................... 18‐3 18.3 REVENUE EXPENDITURE ................................................................................... 18‐3 18.3.1 Growth of Expenditure ..................................................................................... 18‐4 18.3.2 Structure of Expenditure .................................................................................. 18‐4 18.3.3 Surplus/Deficit .................................................................................................. 18‐4 18.3.4 Financial Sustainability ..................................................................................... 18‐5 18.4 INVESTMENT REQUREMENT ............................................................................ 18‐6 18.5 FUNDING PATTERN .......................................................................................... 18‐7 18.6 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF SNP CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I) .... 18‐10 18.7 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF SNP BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)18‐11 18.7.1 Assumptions for Estimating SNP’s Financials ................................................. 18‐11 18.8 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS ............................................................................... 18‐12 18.9 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II ....................................... 18‐13 List of Tables Table 18.1:Income of SNP (Rs. In Lakh) ...................................................................................... 18‐2 Table 18.2: Growth rate of SNP (In %) ....................................................................................... 18‐2 Table 18.3: Growth rate of SNP (In %) ....................................................................................... 18‐2 Table 18.4: Efficiency of tax collection ....................................................................................... 18‐3 Table 18.5: Expenditure (Rs. In Lakh) ......................................................................................... 18‐3 Table 18.6: Growth rate of Expenditure (Rs. In Lakh) ................................................................ 18‐4 Table 18.7: Structure of Expenditure (In %) ............................................................................... 18‐4 Table 18.8: Surplus and Deficit (Rs. In Lakh) .............................................................................. 18‐5 Table 18.9: Financial Sustainability ............................................................................................ 18‐5 Table 18.10: Fiscal Gap ............................................................................................................... 18‐6 Table 18.11: City Investment Plan: 2011‐2030 .......................................................................... 18‐6 Table 18.12: Funding pattern of all phases: 2011 – 2030 .......................................................... 18‐7 Table 18.13: Funding pattern of Phases – I; (2011 – 2016) ....................................................... 18‐8 Table 18.14: Funding pattern of Phases – II; (2016 – 2021) ...................................................... 18‐8 Table 18.15: Funding pattern of Phases – III; (2021 – 2030) ..................................................... 18‐9 Table 18.16: Assessment of Requirement of Funds from Sources .......................................... 18‐10 Table 18.17: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure ........................................ 18‐11 Table 18.18: Alternative Scenario: Assumptions based on past trend and projection by SPUR ............ 18‐11

Table 18.19: expected income and expenditure of Sasaram Nagar Parishad ......................... 18‐12 Table 18.20: expected income and expenditure of Sasaram Nagar Parishad ......................... 18‐13 Table 18.21: Comparison of Financials of SNP by Two Alternatives ........................................ 18‐14

List of Figures

Figure 18.1 : Establishment costs by own resources. .................................................... 18‐5


| Financial Operating Plan 18‐1

18 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN

18.1 INTRODUCTION

The Financial Operating Plan (FOP) has been prepared to ensure the financial feasibility

and sustainability of projects and to care of the changing government fiscal and

economic policies. The Financial Operating Plan has two parts – the first part is the

examination of financial conditions of Sasaram Nagar Parishad with the help of financial

data obtained from the budgetary statements for the period from 2008‐09 to 2010‐11

and the other part is forecasting of income and expenditure to determine the level of

monetary support the Sasaram Nagar Parishad may render from their own sources for

different projects to be undertaken under the aegis of Nagar Nigam. The second part

also includes the capital budgeting of the projects are to be undertaken. There are

various urban sectors which need detailed planning for effective implementation of

projects.

18.2 FINANCIAL PROFILE : EXISTING SCENARIO

The examination of financial conditions is done by analyzing data on income and

expenditure for the period 2008‐09 to 2010‐11obtained from SPUR.

18.2.1 Sources of Revenue

The Sasaram Nagar Parishad has broadly two sources of income, viz. revenue, and

transfer from the government. The income from revenue sources can be considered as

“own source” or own resource and it has two components – tax and non‐tax. The Nagar

Nigam has several sources of revenue income. The income of Nagar Nigam as transfer

from government includes aid, grants and scheme‐specific allocation.

18.2.2 Revenue Income

Broadly, the revenue of Sasaram Nagar Parishad can be categorized into –Tax and Non

Tax income. Besides, SNP receives grant from the State and Central Governments under

various schemes. A major source of tax revenue is Tax collection.

Table 18.2 below shows the revenue receipts for the last 3 years. The total revenue

income in the year 2008‐09 was Rs 81.24 lakh which reached to Rs 453.67 lakh in 2009‐

10. A steady increase in tax income is not observed. The rise in tax income was highest



in 2009‐10 but after that it fell down to Rs 266.00 lakh in 2010‐11. The rise in non‐tax

income was steady except 2009‐10.

Table 18.1:Income of SNP (Rs. In Lakh)

Year Tax Non‐tax

Total (Owned income)

Assigned Rev, Rev Grants and

Other income

Total (Revenue income )

Capital Grants

Total

Income

2008‐09 40.82 37.56 78.39 2.85482 81.24 0 81.24

2009‐10 120.52 52.91 173.43 280.23 453.67 0 453.67

2010‐11* 61.00 56.00 117.00 149.00 266.00 0 266.00Source: SPUR Cell; *Estimated

18.2.3 Growth of Income

The growth of total revenue income is 59.3% per year. The tax revenue has a growth

rate of 20.07% per annum. The rise of non‐tax income is 19.96% per year. The growth of

total income including capital grants 59.3% per year. The average growth rate of ‘own

resources’ (tax and non‐tax together) of Sasaram Nagar Parishad is 20.02%.

Table 18.2: Growth rate of SNP (In %)

Annual Growth Rates

Tax Non‐tax


Assigned Rev, Rev Grants and Other income


Total income

20.07 19.96 20.02 197.74 59.3 59.3 * Growth rate has been estimated with semi‐log model

18.2.4 Structure of Revenue

Table 18.4 gives the share of components of revenue in percentage. The average share

of tax component in total income is 33.25%, the share of the non‐tax component is

26.32%. The share of ‘own source’ in total income is around 60%. The ratio of transfer

and own income components in total income is 40:60.

Table 18.3: Growth rate of SNP (In %)

Year Tax Non‐tax


Assigned Rev, Rev Grants and

Other income


Capital Grants

Total

2008‐09 50.25 46.23 96.49 3.51 100 0 100

2009‐10 26.57 11.66 38.23 61.77 100 0 100

2010‐11 22.93 21.05 43.98 56.02 100 0 100

Average 33.25 26.32 59.57 40.43 100 0 100Source: SPUR Cell



18.2.5 Efficiency in Tax Collection

The efficiency in tax collection is measured as ratio of actual yield and potential yield.

The tax yield has been estimated on the basis of ARV approach. Table 18.5 shows that

tax efficiency is 9.18%, which means actual there is enough scope to improve the tax

collection efficiency.

Table 18.4: Efficiency of tax collection

Particulars POTENTIAL ACTUAL

Total properties to be taxed 29,732 11,987

Average ARV of properties 16,197 8,098

Total ARV of all properties 48,15,66,123 9,70,74,911

Holding Tax Liability= Tax Rate times Total ARV 4,33,40,951 87,36,742

Tax Collection 90% 41%

Tax Yield 3,90,06,856 35,82,064

Total Efficiency of Tax collection= (Actual Yield / Potential Yield)

9.18

Source: SPUR; ARV = Annual Rental Value

18.3 REVENUE EXPENDITURE

Table 18.6 shows the revenue expenditure pattern of Sasaram Nagar Parishad. The

expenditure in the head of salary and wage exhibits a rising trend over time. In 2008‐09

the expenditure of wage and salaries was Rs 78.98 lakh increased to Rs 83.00 lakh in

2010‐11. But during the same period the total non‐development expenditure increased

from Rs1.45 lakh to Rs 2.00 lakh. The total expenditure was Rs 85.87 lakh in 2008‐09

and increased to Rs 87.45 lakh in 2009‐10 but again increased to Rs 90.00 lakh in 2010‐

11. The expenditure on schemes is found absent.

Table 18.5: Expenditure (Rs. In Lakh)

Year

NON‐DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE

Total

Expenditure

Establishmen

t

Administration

Expen

diture

Finance

&

Interest

Expen

diture

Misc

Expen

diture

Total

O & M

Expen

diture

Program

me

Expen

diture

Including capital

expen

diture,

project

investmen

t

Total

2008‐09 78.98 1.45 0 0.95 81.38 4.49 ‐ 85.87 85.87

2009‐

10*

80.99 1.72 0 0.00 82.71 4.74 ‐ 87.45 87.45

2010‐

11*

83.00 2.00 0 0.00 85.00 5.00 ‐ 90.00 90.00

Source: SPUR; *Estimated



18.3.1 Growth of Expenditure

The growth of total expenditure is 2.35% per year. The wage and salaries increases per

year at the rate of rate of 2.48%. The rise of non‐development expenditure is nearly

2.17% per year Table 18.7. The expenditure on O & M increases at the rate of 5.37%.

Table 18.6: Growth rate of Expenditure (Rs. In Lakh)

Year

Non‐development Expenses Development Expenditure

Total

Expenditure

Establishmen

t

Administration

Expen

diture

Finance &

Interest

Expen

diture

Misc Expen

diture

Total

O & M

Expen

diture

Program

me

Expen

diture

Including

capital

expen

diture, project

investmen

t Total

Annual

Growth

Rate (%)

2.4

8

16.0

7 ‐ ‐ 2.17 5.37 ‐ 2.35 2.35

* Growth rate has been estimated with semi‐log model

18.3.2 Structure of Expenditure

The expenditure on wage and salaries is more than 92% of total expenditure. The share

of administrative and miscellaneous expenditure is nearly 2% totaling 95% of

expenditure as non‐development expenditure. The average O &M cost is 5%. There is

no expenditure on programmes/projects or new asset formation (vide Table18.8)

Table 18.7: Structure of Expenditure (In %)

Year

Non‐development Expenses Development Expenditure

Total Expenditure

Establishment

Administration

Expenditure

Finan

ce &

Interest

Expenditure

Misc

Expenditure

Total

O & M

Expenditure

Program

me

Expenditure

Including capital

expenditure,

project

investment

Total

2008‐09 91.98 1.69 0.00 1.11 94.77 5.23 0.00 100.00 100.00

2009‐10 92.61 1.97 0.00 0.00 94.58 5.42 0.00 100.00 100.00

2010‐11 92.22 2.22 0.00 0.00 94.44 5.56 0.00 100.00 100.00

Average 92.27 1.96 0.00 0.37 94.60 5.40 0.00 100.00 100.00

Source: SPUR;

18.3.3 Surplus/Deficit

Table 18.9 below shows that the average surplus of Sasaram Nagar Parishad is 47%. In

2008‐09 no surplus was generated, next year it was 80.72% followed by 66.17%

generation of surplus.



Table 18.8: Surplus and Deficit (Rs. In Lakh)

Year Revenue income Revenue Expenditure Surplus/Deficit Ratio (%)

2008‐09 81.24 85.87 ‐4.63 ‐5.69

2009‐10 453.67 87.45 366.22 80.72

2010‐11 266.00 90.00 176.00 66.17

Average 47.07

18.3.4 Financial Sustainability

The financial sustainability has been examined by determining the percentage of local

expenditure, that is, non‐development expenditure and O & M costs financed by own

resources, that is, income from tax and non‐tax sources. Table 18.10 shows that the

average financing rate is 39.27%, that is, in an average nearly 40% of local expenditure

is financed by own resources of Sasaram Nagar Parishad.

Table 18.9: Financial Sustainability

Year Total Own

Resource Income (Rs Lakh)

Total Non‐development and O & M

Expenditure (Rs Lakh)

Percentage Expenditure Financed by own resources (%)

2008‐09 78.39 85.87 ‐9.54 2009‐10 173.43 87.45 50.42 2010‐11 117.00 90.00 76.92

Average 39.27

It is observed from the Figure 18.1 below that even establishment costs are covered by

own resources.

Figure 18.1 : Establishment costs by own resources.

The fiscal gap of Sasaram Nagar Parishad in 2008‐09 was 9.54%. The difference

between total expenditure and income from own resources/revenues when measured

as percentage of total expenditure is called fiscal gap. Table 18.11 shows that the fiscal

gap of Sasaram Nagar Parishad did not exist in 2009‐10 and 2010‐11.

78.98 80.99 83.0078.39

173.43

117.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11

Own Income

Estblishment

Year

Rs in Lakh



Table 18.10: Fiscal Gap

18.4 INVESTMENT REQUREMENT

Total investment proposed for the overall development of the town includes

development of water supply system, sewerage system, drainage system, solid waste

management infrastructure, roads and transportation, social infrastructure facilities,

housing and basic services for urban poor and slums and E‐governance and municipal

reforms implementation. Overall investment for city and sector wise investment

estimated has been represented in Table 18.11.

Table 18.11: City Investment Plan: 2011‐2030

SECTORS Investment Required (Rs, crore)

Total Sector‐wise Distribution

(%) Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

(2011‐2016) (2016‐2021) (2021‐2030)

Economic Development 23.20 9.80 ‐ 33.00 7.06

Water Supply 46.66 26.41 ‐ 73.07 15.63


27.80 34.15 5.25 67.20 14.38

Drainage 34.50 6.25 40.75 8.72


17.68 1.98 1.19 20.85 4.46

Roads and Transportation

64.52 38.00 0.00 102.52 21.93




Heritage and Conservation

39.20 ‐ ‐ 39.20 8.39

E‐governance and Municipal Reforms

3.95 ‐ ‐ 3.95 0.84

TOTAL 298.13 141.12 28.15 467.41 100.00 Phase‐wise Distribution

(%) 63.78 30.19 6.02 100.00

As mentioned in Table 18.11 total investments proposed for overall development of the

town is Rs. 467.41 Crores of which maximum (21.93% of total investment) required is

for roads and transportation, followed by water supply (15.63%) and sewerage and

sanitation system (14.38%). Sasaram being a major service centre for district, traffic,

and transportation play an important role in the economic development of the town

Year Total Own Resource Income (Rs Lakh)

Total Non‐development and O&M Expenditure

(Rs Lakh)Fiscal Gap(%)

2008‐09 78.39 85.87 9.54 2009‐10 173.43 87.45 ‐49.58

2010‐11 117.00 90.00 ‐23.08



and hence needs to be improved on priority in addition to water supply, as it is the

most important basic infrastructure required for living in any city.

18.5 FUNDING PATTERN

An optimum funding pattern has been shown in Table 18.12. The funding pattern has

been developed keeping in view of government policy and programmes.

Table 18.12: Funding pattern of all phases: 2011 – 2030

Sector Project Funding Structure (%)

GoI GoB ULB Beneficiary PPP



All 80 10 10 0 0



SWM Vehicles 0 0 0 0 100

All others 80 10 10 0 0

Transport


0 0 0 0 100



80 10 10 0 0


0 90 10 0 0

CMP 0 90 10 0 0


80 10 10 0 0


Rest 0 90 10 0 0






Rest 0 0 100 0 0

Street Light All 0 90 10 0 0

Heritage and conservation All

80 10 10 0 0

Tables 18.13, 18.14 and 18.15 show the requirement of fund from different sources for

the projects to be undertaken in the three phases. Based on sectoral priorities and

financial health of the local body and funding patterns, the investment plan has been

prepared and proposed to be implemented in three phases. The phases are as follows:

Phase‐I: 2011‐2016

Phase‐II: 2016‐2021 and

Phase‐III: 2021‐2030

The requirement of funds has been shown sector‐wise and project‐wise.



Table 18.13: Funding pattern of Phases – I; (2011 – 2016)

Sector Project Amount (Rs Crore)


GoI GoB ULB PPP

Water Supply 46.66 37.328 4.666 4.666 0


All 27.7 22.16 2.77 2.77 0

Public Toilets 0.1 0 0 0 0.1

Drainage All 34.5 27.6 3.45 3.45 0

SWM Vehicles 3.95 0 0 0 3.95

All others 13.73 10.984 1.373 1.373 0


17.5 0 0 0 17.5



2.5 2 0.25 0.25 0


39.4 0 35.46 3.94 0

CMP 0 0 0 0 0


0.12 0.096 0.012 0.012 0


Rest 7.62 0 6.858 0.762 0

Recreation Hall 1.5 0 0 0 1.5

Urban Poor All 25 20 2.5 2.5 0

E‐Governance All 3.95 0 3.555 0.395 0


Industrial Shed 15 9 4.5 0 1.5

Rest 8.2 0 0 8.2 0



All 39.2 31.36 3.92 3.92 0

Total 298.13 160.528 75.164 32.888 29.55

Table 18.14: Funding pattern of Phases – II; (2016 – 2021)


(Rs crore)


GoI GoB ULB PPP

Water Supply All 26.41 21.128 2.641 2.641 0


All 34.15 27.32 3.415 3.415 0


Drainage All 6.25 5 0.625 0.625 0

SWM Vehicles 1.97 0 0 0 1.97


Transport


0 0 0 0 0


Ring road, new road, RCC bridge,

23.7 18.96 2.37 2.37 0




(Rs crore)


GoI GoB ULB PPP

Over bridge, Junction, Footpath, shed, road improvement

8.7 0 7.83 0.87 0

CMP 0.5 0 0.45 0.05 0


0.1 0.08 0.01 0.01 0


Rest 1.135 0 1.0215 0.1135 0






Rest 9.8 0 0 9.8 0



All 0 0 0 0 0

Total 141.12 88.488 23.4225 22.2345 6.97

Table 18.15: Funding pattern of Phases – III; (2021 – 2030)


(Rs crore)


GoI GoB ULB PPP



All 5.25 4.2 0.525 0.525 0



SWM Vehicles 1.19 0 0 0 1.19



0 0 0 0 0



0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 0 0

CMP 0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 0 0


Others 6.2 0 5.58 0.62 0


Urban Poor All 14.54 11.632 1.454 1.454 0


Economic Industrial Shed 0 0 0 0 0




(Rs crore)


GoI GoB ULB PPP

Development Rest 0 0 0 0 0

Street Light All 0.97 0.000 0.873 0.097 0.000


All 0 0 0 0 0

Total 28.15 15.832 8.432 2.696 1.19

Table 18.16 shows the requirement of fund for the total investment for the period

2011‐2030 from the Government of India, Government of Bihar, Nigam etc. The total

investment under PPP mode has also been shown in the table. The table shows more

than 57% investment is expected from GoI, nearly 24% from GoB and 12% from the

Nigam and 6% from private sector

Table 18.16: Assessment of Requirement of Funds from Sources


crore) Share in Rs crore

GoI GoB Nigam PPP

1 (2011‐2016) 298.1 160.5 75.2 32.9 29.6

2 (2016‐2021) 141.1 88.5 23.4 22.2 7.0

3 (2021‐2030) 28.2 15.8 8.4 2.7 1.2

Total 467.4 264.8 107.0 57.8 37.7


crore) Share (%)

GoI GoB Nigam PPP

1 (2011‐2016) 298.1 53.8 25.2 11.0 9.9

2 (2016‐2021) 141.1 62.7 16.6 15.8 4.9

3 (2021‐2030) 28.2 56.2 30.0 9.6 4.2

Average Share (%) 57.6 23.9 12.1 6.4

18.6 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF SNP CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I)

The following Table 18.17 gives the trend‐based projections of income and expenditure

of Sasaram Nagar Parishad. The projections are based on the data obtained from the

Table 18.9. This may also be mentioned that actual data of income and expenditure are

only for the years 2008‐09 and 2009‐10. The data for 2010‐2011 is also an estimated

one, vide SPUR data sheet. Consequently, the projections of income and expenditure

have limitation and a projection for 20 years based on three years base data lacks

consistency. Under given situation the conservative estimate of SPUR surplus is

considered for funding purposes since margins of error is higher in trend‐based

estimation.



Table 18.17: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure

Rs in Lakh

Year Income Expenditure Surplus

2011‐12 451.73 91.90 359.83

2012‐13 544.11 93.97 450.14

2013‐14 636.49 96.03 540.46

2014‐15 728.87 98.10 630.77

2015‐16 821.25 100.16 721.09

2016‐17 913.63 102.23 811.40

2017‐18 1006.01 104.29 901.72

2018‐19 1098.39 106.36 992.03

2019‐20 1190.77 108.42 1082.35

2020‐21 1283.15 110.49 1172.66

2021‐22 1375.53 112.55 1262.98

2022‐23 1467.91 114.62 1353.29

2023‐24 1560.29 116.68 1443.61

2024‐25 1652.67 118.75 1533.92

2025‐26 1745.05 120.81 1624.24

2026‐27 1837.43 122.88 1714.55

2027‐28 1929.81 124.94 1804.87

2028‐29 2022.19 127.01 1895.18

2029‐30 2114.57 129.07 1985.50

18.7 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF SNP BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)

18.7.1 Assumptions for Estimating SNP’s Financials

SPUR has considered certain assumptions for different sources of income and

expenditure to estimate the income and expenditure in next five years (2011‐2016) of

SNP which are presented in Table 18.18.

Table 18.18: Alternative Scenario: Assumptions based on past trend and projection by SPUR


TOTAL RECEIPTS

1 Total Tax Revenues double in 2011‐12,triple in 2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐16

2 Total Non‐Tax Revenues double in 2011‐12,triple in 2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐16

3 Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self‐Generated Income ( 1+2)

4 Assigned Revenues Assuming 5% growth




5 Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Matching grants)

Assuming 4% growth form FY 2011‐12(Matching grant 3 to 7%)

6 Other Income Assuming 5% growth

7 Total Capital Grants Assuming 5% growth

TOTAL EXPENDITURE

1 Establishment Expenditure Assuming 5% growth except in 2011‐12 is 10%due to restructuring

2 O & M Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

3 Programme Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

4 Administration Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

5 Finance & Interest Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

6 Misc Expenditure Assuming 5% growthSource: SPUR;

18.8 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS

The position of Corporation in revenue generation and revenue expenditure for the

period 2011‐2030 is given below Table 18.19. The expected income and expenditure

projection estimation is based on the projected figures for 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 obtained

from SPUR (Annexure IV). Based on data from 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 given by SPUR the

expected income and expenditure estimations of SNP for the rest of the period (from

2016‐17 to 2029‐30) has been calculated.

Table 18.19: expected income and expenditure of Sasaram Nagar Parishad

YEAR EXPECTED INCOME BASED

ON TRENDEXPECTED EXPENDITURE

BASED ON TRENDSURPLUS

2011‐12 312 98 214

2012‐13 357 103 254

2013‐14 402 108 294

2014‐15 448 113 335

2015‐16 494 118 376

2016‐17 539 123 416

2017‐18 585 128 457

2018‐19 630 133 497

2019‐20 676 138 538

2020‐21 721 143 578

2021‐22 767 148 619

2022‐23 812 153 659

2023‐24 858 158 700

2024‐25 903 163 740

2025‐26 949 168 781

2026‐27 994 173 821

2027‐28 1040 178 862

2028‐29 1085 183 902

2029‐30 1131 188 943



During all the years of investments of Parishad under its usual course of operations and

those under JNNURM put together are expected to get covered by the surplus of

revenue incomes over revenue expenses sufficiently. The existing financial obligations

in the form of capital incomes and expenditures have been adequately covered.

Growth rates of revenue income and revenue expenses are estimated very

conservatively. Table 18.20 shows that under expected income and expenditure pattern

the SNP will be in position to contribute its share in funding investment. The projected

pattern of income‐expenditure is expected to generate sufficient surplus to cover its

share of investment.

The requirement of Rs 3288.8 lakh in phase ‐ I as its share in investment is found to be

available from its generation of surplus in year 2015‐16. The additional requirement of

funds Rs. 2223 lakh in phase ‐II and Rs 269.6 lakh in phase‐ III will also be covered by

surplus generated in 2021‐22 and 2029‐30 respectively.

Table 18.20: expected income and expenditure of Sasaram Nagar Parishad

Year Surplus Cumulative Surplus Requirement of

Fund by Nigam for investment

Balance After Investment

2011‐12 214 214

3288.8 2012‐13 254 468

2013‐14 294 762

2014‐15 335 1097

2015‐16 376 1473 ‐1816 2016‐17 416 ‐1400

2223

‐1400 2017‐18 457 ‐943 ‐943 2018‐19 497 ‐446 ‐446 2019‐20 538 92 92 2020‐21 578 670 670 2021‐22 619 1288 ‐935 2022‐23 659 ‐276

269.6

‐276 2023‐24 700 424 424 2024‐25 740 1164 1164 2025‐26 781 1944 1944 2026‐27 821 2765 2765 2027‐28 862 3627 3627 2028‐29 902 4529 4529 2029‐30 943 5472 5202

18.9 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II

The following Table 18.21 shows that in an average past three years trend‐based

surplus estimation by Alternate‐I is very higher than surplus estimated based on SPUR’s

assumption and projection of income during 2011‐2015 in Alternate‐II. Hence, the



funding of future projects and expected income and expenditure pattern of SNP has

been considered based Alternate‐II.

Table 18.21: Comparison of Financials of SNP by Two Alternatives

Rs in Lakh

Year Surplus Income of SNP based on

Alternate‐ISurplus Income of SNP Based on

Alternate‐II 2011‐12 359.83 214 2012‐13 450.14 254 2013‐14 540.46 294 2014‐15 630.77 335 2015‐16 721.09 376 2016‐17 811.40 416 2017‐18 901.72 457 2018‐19 992.03 497 2019‐20 1082.35 538 2020‐21 1172.66 578 2021‐22 1262.98 619 2022‐23 1353.29 659 2023‐24 1443.61 700 2024‐25 1533.92 740 2025‐26 1624.24 781 2026‐27 1714.55 821 2027‐28 1804.87 862 2028‐29 1895.18 902 2029‐30 1985.50 943


| Plan Monitoring and Review i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

19 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW ................................................................ 19‐1 19.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 19‐1 19.2 MONITORING UNIT ............................................................................................ 19‐2 19.3 PLAN REVIEW ..................................................................................................... 19‐2 19.4 CONVERTING DREAMS INTO REALITY ............................................................... 19‐2


| Plan Monitoring and Review 19‐1

19 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW

19.1 INTRODUCTION

Plan monitoring has two main objectives:

The socio‐economic and functional efficiency of the performance of human

settlement has to be monitored and evaluated so that changes required to improve

the quality of life could be identified and put into action through the appropriate

measures.

The plan should be continuously made responsive to the emerging socio‐economic

forces.

To achieve this object there should be monitoring system in the plan implementation

frame work. There is reasonable possibility of arresting the unintended developments

taking place in the City through effective monitoring. This is based on the following

proposition:

No long range urban development plan can be implemented as it is.

The plan should be responsive to the happenings and emerging Scio‐economic and

other forces during the plan implementation period.

Time lags between the happenings and the emerging Socio‐economic forces and the

plan responses create accentuating conditions of un‐intended growth.

The responsive plan to check the unintended growth needs a scientific monitoring

frame.

Monitoring frame is required to evaluate the achievement of physical targets

prescribed in the plan and identification of physical and socio‐economic change in the

city to review the plan policies.

There could be very large number of aspects in case of physical targets to judge the

performance of various sectors. For systematic and precise working, physical targets for

some selected aspects can be worked out in consultation with the local body. The

physical targets are to be monitored yearly, 5 yearly or in the midterm. This will provide

a scale to assess the achievement in different sectors for the city development. Service

level benchmark in the city will be the best judge for satisfactory implementation of

proposed projects and policies in a given timeframe.



19.2 MONITORING UNIT

A monitoring unit with the modern data processing facilities should be created which

would be responsible for collection of primary and secondary data, its analysis and

bringing the important changes to the notice of the authority comprehensively once in

a year. Standard formats shall have to be worked out by this unit for the purpose of

meaningful comparison and to monitor change. This unit should be under technical

expert or independent consultant.

19.3 PLAN REVIEW

The plan monitoring would provide sufficient material for any modifications required in

the plan.

Any other aspects because of emerging socio‐economic and physical forces could be

taken from study and to review the plan proposals. A comprehensive review

encompassing all aspects should be taken up after 5 years of implementation of the

development/ master plan.

It is the detailed development projects which ultimately create environment‐good or

bad. During the plan implementation, all aspects of development i.e. housing,

transport, work centers, recreation, infrastructure, etc. need study and research to

make the plan effective in providing high quality living environment. Consultant should

be constantly doing these studies, research and monitoring work to make planning a

firm instrument for the development of this City.

19.4 CONVERTING DREAMS INTO REALITY

Realizing the vision requires mobilization of the people. Implementing a people based

development strategy, infrastructure development, building capacity, and responsive

administration and governance will attract significant investment and open up avenues

for the development of the region. Capacity development of the people should equip

them to take advantage of the expansion in manufacturing and services. The strategy of

development outlined in the document, thus, can promote all encompassing

development in the region to realize the vision of achieving peace and prosperity.

The six components of the strategy described earlier are interdependent and therefore,

need to be designed and implemented concurrently. Maximizing self governance is

critical to establishing peace and development and the latter contributes to improved

governance.



Development requires infrastructure and capacity development. All these can be done

only when there is an appropriate environment for which responsive administration is

necessary.

Sasaram may entrust monitoring, capacity building and PPP modeling to capable

consultant to help and guide SNP in its day to day efficient functioning and time bound

implementation programme.


| Stakeholder Consultations i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

20 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS .................................................................. 20‐1 20.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 20‐1 20.2 STAGES OF STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP .......................................................... 20‐1 20.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE THREE WORKSHOPS .......................................................... 20‐2 20.4 OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP ....................................................................... 20‐3


| Stakeholder Consultations 20‐1

20 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

20.1 INTRODUCTION

The City Development Plan involves articulating a clear vision for the city over the next

20 years with the active participation of the stakeholders and subsequently

implementing the vision articulated by them. The objective of the involvement of

stakeholder and endorsement by the local body is to hold them accountable for their

mission statements, actions and expected outcomes.

Identification of the stakeholders is an important aspect as their inputs will be valuable

for the process of preparation of city development plan. Stakeholders should cover a

wide variety and various levels of people representing different groups of town and

contributing to the development of town in various ways. Thus, the stakeholders

identified in consultation with concerned officials of Nagar Parishad considering the

representatives of major groups. The stakeholders of the one‐day workshop included

the following:

Executive Officer, Sasaram Nagar Parishad

Chairperson, Sasaram Nagar Parishad

Vice‐Chairperson, Sasaram Nagar Parishad

Officials from Sasaram Nagar Parishad

Elected Representatives

Officials from the line departments

Representatives from NGOs/ CBOs, etc

Representatives from Industry/ Commerce bodies

Representatives from the Media

Senior Citizens and other prominent people from the town

The complete list of participants of the workshop is provided in Annexure ‐ V.

20.2 STAGES OF STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP

There were three stages in which consultation workshops had to be organized to take

suggestions/feedbacks from stakeholders during preparation of City Development Plan.

The workshops were organized in Conference Hall, New Building, Sasaram Nagar

Parishad, on important milestones of the project, details of which are as follows:



Stages Workshop Agenda Date of Workshop

Ist (Inception Report

Submission) Objectives of CDP, Existing City Profile 4th Sept 2010

IInd (Interim Report

Submission)

Various sectoral issues &strategies, City

Vision 7th Feb 2011

IIIrd (Draft Report Submission) Sector‐wise project identification, CIP, FOP 7th May 2011

In addition to the above mentioned organized stakeholders’ consultations, team of

Consultants visited Sasaram several times (for survey, ground verification and marking

on the maps with the help of municipal officials and other stakeholders).

The presentation made during the workshop by the Consultants, EGIS INDIA, was well

received by the participants and helped them understand the importance of the project

for the planned development of their city. Where ever necessary, the participants asked

questions to clear their doubts and understand the importance of their inputs during

the preparation of City Development Plan.

The Consultants gave a detailed presentation at all stages.

20.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE THREE WORKSHOPS

The combined objectives of the three one‐day workshops organized at Sasaram are as

under:

Definition of City Development Plan

Objectives of CDP

Methodology of CDP

Expected outcome of the CDP

Reconnaissance surveys and observations

Discussion on characteristics, potentials and broad issues of the city

City profile

o City Profile.

o Linkages and Demography of City and Future Population Growth.

o Existing Economic Status and Economic Potentials of City.

o Existing Condition of City & Infrastructure (Physical & Social).

o Population projection for 2030

o SWOT Analysis

Developing shared vision for the town (2030)

Discussing identified gaps in each sectors

Identification of priority sector for development

Formulation of sectoral goals

Sector wise issues

Sectoral strategies to address identified issues



Goals to be achieved

Identification of priority projects

City Vision‐2030

Issues and findings of sector analysis

Sectoral Goals and Development Strategies

City Investment Plan

Financial Operating Plan

20.4 OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP

The outcomes of the various one‐day workshops organized at Sasaram are presented

below:

All the participating key stakeholders were happy to know that initiatives have

been taken for the development of Sasaram City and that “City Development

Plan” was being developed for their city, which would ensure speedy and

planned development for the city

The key stakeholders promised to lend all helps and supports to the Consultants’

during the preparation of the CDP

Suggestions were made from various categories of stakeholders with regard to

various critical sectors in the city that need special attention. Some prominent

suggestions received during the three workshops are given below:

o Technique of “MICRO PLANNING” should be used for CDP preparation.

o Involvement of NGOs in CDP planning process

o Due to lack of drainage system, water gets collected at various places in

town

o Consultation/ reference of various existing reports during CDP

preparation

o Sanitation is a major issue in the town

o For any plan suggested, there should be an alternative plan too (as back

up)

o Primary survey needs to be done to ensure authenticity of data for CDP

o Suggest steps to strengthen economy of town (tourism can promoted as

there are lots of heritage sites within and near the town)

o In Bihar State, a lot of melas are organized which attract lots of tourists.

Tourist destinations in and around town can be promoted in these melas

o The city faces acute shortage of electricity, some steps need to be taken

in this regard

o Need to establish institutes for imparting higher education in town

o There is need to provide potable drinking water to town’s populace. A

large number of people are suffering from water borne diseases



o Area surrounding major tourist destination (Sher Shah Suri Tomb) is very

dirty and needs to be cleaned on immediate basis

o Topography of town resembles a bowl. If properly planned, water can

get collected in the form of a stream/ jharna and can also help in ground

water recharge

o The area in and around the town is good for rice production and hence

rice and rice related products can be promoted for economic

development of the town

o Need to introduce “Double Entry System” in the local bodies to ensure

transparency

o Need for “Capacity Building Trainings” for local body staff to improve

their efficiency

o O&M of equipments is necessary, as due to non‐maintenance,

equipments become non‐functional and then there is need for

repurchase for which there is no money

o All new market complexes being planned now, should have parking

facility within the compound itself

o Platforms should be made for weekly markets/ haats, etc

o Sign boards all across the town, to enable the tourists move with ease

The presentation made during the workshop by the Urban Planner from EGIS INDIA,

was well received by the participants and helped them understand the importance of

the project for the development of their town. Where ever necessary, the participants

asked questions to clear their doubts and understand the importance of their inputs

during the preparation of City Development Plan.

Priority Sector’s identified

Following sectors in order of priority have been identified in consultation with the

stakeholders during the first informal meeting for development in the city.

Supply of drinking water

Drainage system

Construction of new roads


Houses for Slum dwellers

Road and transportation with special emphasis on parking

Consultants discussed the ‘vision statement’ during multiple stakeholders’ consultations

in stages every time modifying the statement incorporating the feedback of the various

stakeholders as a strategy to achieve an understanding on common vision.

The meeting ended with fruitful discussion and a vote of thanks to the chair.



PROCEEDINGS IN PHOTOGRAPHS

1st Workshop

SPUR representative welcoming the participants

of the workshop

Team Leader, Egis India, making presentation

during the work shop

Participants of the workshop listening attentively

to the presentation of the Consultants

Participants of the workshop listening attentively

to the presentation of the Consultants

A participant posing query to the Consultants’

about expected outputs of assignment

A participant walking off the stage after giving his

inputs/ suggestions for the CDP



2nd Workshop

Opening slide of the presentation made by the

Consultants to the key stakeholders’

Egis India representative (Urban Planner)

explaining during the workshop to dignitaries

Presentation being made during the workshop

by Egis representative

Participants of second workshop listening

attentively to the presentation being made

Participants of the third workshop listening






3rd Workshop

Opening slide of the presentation made by the

Consultants to the key stakeholders’

SPUR official explaining the importance of the

identified projects to the dignitaries

Presentation being made during the workshop

by Egis representative (Urban Planner)



Dignitaries of the third workshop involved

in informal chat

Participants of the third workshop

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

CITY PROFILE & ITS

PHYSICAL FEATURES

Chapter 3

DEMOGRAPY

ECONOMY

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

PHYSICAL PLANNING

AND GROWTH

MANAGEMENT

WATER SUPPLY

Chapter 6

SANITATION AND

SEWERAGE

Chapter 7

DRAINAGE

Chapter 8

SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT

Chapter 9

ROAD AND TRANSPORT

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

SOCIAL

INFRASTRUCTURE

Chapter 12

SERVICES TO THE

URBAN POOR

Chapter 13

HERITAGE AND

CONSERVATION

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ANNEXURES

Chapter 14

ENVIRONMENT

Chapter 15

URBAN GOVERNANCE

& REFORMS

Chapter 16

CITY VISION, GOALS &

STRATEGIES

CITY INVESTMENT PLAN

Chapter 17

FINANCIAL OPERATING

PLAN

Chapter 18

PLAN MONITORING

AND REVIEW

Chapter 19

Chapter 20

STAKEHOLDER

CONSULTATIONS

ANNEXURE I – STATUS OF BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE OF SLUMS IN SASARAM

SN

Name of Settlement

Name of the Slum

Is they are Notified

Number of Household (apprx.)

Slum Population

Pucca Road ( Km.)

Sewerage System

No. of Toilets Number

Sewerage Disposal System

Drinking Water facilities for public purposes

Electricity Connection Remarks

Clean by

water

Facility Other Public Post Hand pump

Domestic

Street Light

Other

1 II Gajradh Ward No. 1

NO 60 456 0.45 " 18 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 2 2 17 5 ‐

2 II Yusuf Chuk Ward 2

** 68 457 4.06 " 13 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 2 2 16 4 ‐

3 II Boliya Ward No. 2

** 55 467 0.12 " 12 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 3 2 5 3 ‐

4 II Company Sarai Ward 2

** 65 470 0.15 " 18 ‐ ‐ 2 S.T. 1 1 18 4 ‐

5 Karan Sarai Ward 3

** 66 379 0.25 " 15 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 9 4 ‐

6 Adam Khani Ward 4

** 77 493 0.50 " 10 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 9 3 ‐

7 Sherganj Ward 5

** 76 459 0.50 " 11 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 8 3 ‐

8 Khilanganj Ward 6

** 78 471 0.50 " 35 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 16 5 ‐

9 Nuranganj Ward 7

** 78 460 0.35 " 36 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 16 5 ‐

10

Sweepar Colonoy Ward 7

** 68 463 0.05 " 3 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 3 ‐

1 Jakki Shahid ** 63 379 0.15 " 15 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 14 4 ‐

1 Ward 8

12

Sarai Ward 9

** 74 408 0.15 " 4 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 8 5 ‐

13

Chokhandi Ward 10

** 60 465 0.15 " 8 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 8 5 ‐

14

Shobhaganj Ward 11

** 76 442 0.15 " 9 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 8 5 ‐

15

Alamganj Ward 12

** 52 388 0.25 " 15 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 20 3 ‐

16

Rameshwarganj Ward 12

** 50 370 0.25 " 14 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 7 3 ‐

17

Kajipur Ward 13

** 68 379 0.20 " 8 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 4 8 3 ‐

18

Dalelganj Ward 14

** 60 468 0.15 " 9 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 8 3 ‐

19

Atthkhambha Ward 14

** 77 461 0.25 " 10 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 2 2 5 3 ‐

20

Quila Kila Ward 15

** 76 425 0.25 " 10 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 2 2 5 3 ‐

21

Mubarakganj 16

** 55 379 0.10 " 9 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 2 1 9 3 ‐

22

Shahjuma Ward 17

** 63 468 0.15 " 7 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 6 3 ‐

23

Shajalalpir Ward 18

** 75 450 0.15 " 12 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 9 3 ‐

24

Safullaganj Ward 19

** 62 463 0.15 " 13 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 8 4 ‐

25

Pathantoli Ward 20

** 43 388 0.20 " 2 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 11 2 ‐

26

Bhartiganj Ward 21

** 81 411 0.25 " 4 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 2 2 7 2 ‐

27

Laskariganj Ward 0 22

** 75 461 0.25 " 17 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 2 1 11 4 ‐

28

Chawartkiya Ward 23

** 62 388 0.15 " 16 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 11 4 ‐

29

Kurachiya Ward 24

** 53 451 0.20 " 13 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 2 1 3 2 ‐

30

Takiya Ward 25

** 68 451 0.25 " 22 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 11 4 ‐

31

SASARAM

Sai Tola Ward 2

** 77 471 0.00 Open Drain

8 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. ‐ 2 ‐ 2

32

Fajalganj Ward 2

** 80 520 0.15 " 9 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. ‐ 1 8 2

33

Karan Sarai Ward 3

** 72 542 0.10 " 12 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 17 4

34

Choti Shekhpura 4

** 68 468 0.10 " 15 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 17 4

35

Gandhineem 5

** 71 580 0.25 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 20 5

36

Gudadi 6 ** 77 443 0.25 " 10 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 10 4

37

Nuranganj Paswan Tola 7

** 69 461 0.25 " 6 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 5 4

38

Ansarganj 7 ** 76 482 0.25 " 15 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 15 5

39

Pratapganj 8

** 65 473 0.30 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 15 5

40

Mogal Pura 9

** 80 594 0.25 " 16 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 16 3

41

Lohar ke Neem 10

** 76 580 0.25 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 3 20 4

4 Mewati Tola ** 68 491 0.25 " 12 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 10 4

2 11

43

Dhobi tola 12

** 62 488 0.25 " 15 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 3 15 4

44

Madar Darwaja 13

** 63 499 0.10 " 16 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 2 2 16 4

45

Moskar Toli 14

** 64 494 0.20 " 19 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 17 4

46

Cheek Toli 15

** 76 499 0.05 " 16 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 3 15 4

47

Khidkighat16

** 64 388 0.10 " 12 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 12 3

48

Belgali 17 ** 62 492 0.10 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 3 20 4

49

Kalim Ba. Tola 18

** 72 565 0.25 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 3 25 3

50

Kale Khah 19

** 68 496 0.25 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 20 3

51

Bhan Toli 20 ** 66 471 0.15 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 15 4

52

Mochi Tola 21

** 75 565 0.20 " 27 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 2 3 25 4

53

Laskariganj 22

** 75 574 0.05 " 12 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 10 2

54

Chawar Takiya 23

** 61 405 0.10 " 2 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 2 3 2

55

Kuraich Paswan Tola 24

** 64 495 0.05 " 16 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. ‐ 2 15 3

56

Takiya Harijan Tola 25

** 63 498 0.10 " 22 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. ‐ 3 22 4

5 Gaurshani 1 ** 67 443 0.10 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 15 2 ‐

7

58

Chanoth 2 ** 65 438 0.10 " 12 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 10 2 ‐

59

Mathiar Tola 2

** 66 441 0.10 " 13 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 15 2 ‐

60

Kansekha 2 ** 62 436 0.10 " 6 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 5 2 ‐

61

Muslim Tola 3

** 61 416 0.10 " 10 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 10 2 ‐

62

Badashekh Pura 4

** 59 421 0.20 " 12 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 12 2 ‐

63

Ranggali 5 ** 58 406 0.25 " 10 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 3 2 ‐

64

Dhanpurwa 6

** 62 407 0.25 " 2 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 ‐ 2 ‐

65

Deliwa 6 ** 68 438 0.05 " 6 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. ‐ 1 ‐ 2 ‐

66

Nayaka Gaon 6

** 64 431 0.20 " 12 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 10 2 ‐

67

Muslim Tola 7

** 58 416 0.15 " 13 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 12 2 ‐

68

Gadhedi Tola 8

** 40 406 0.75 " 9 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 8 1 ‐

69

Dhobi Tola 8 ** 50 478 0.75 " 9 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 6 2 ‐

70

Suleman Ganj 9

** 53 427 0.20 " 10 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 10 0 ‐

71

kabirganj 10 ** 71 470 0.25 " 15 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 15 2 ‐

72

Bartulla 10 ** 47 465 0.05 " 2 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 15 1 ‐

7 Shobhaganj ** 73 442 0.25 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 20 2 ‐

3 11

74

Baba Saryudas 11

** 60 409 0.10 " 15 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 15 2 ‐

75

Chalneesa 12

** 59 395 0.10 " 7 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 6 2 ‐

76

Sagar 12 ** 58 405 0.70 " 12 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 12 2 ‐

77

Khateek tola13

** 68 432 0.20 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 20 2 ‐

78

Baradari 14 ** 67 424 0.70 " 15 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 15 2 ‐

79

Thana ke Dakhin15

** 66 368 0.10 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 20 2 ‐

80

Sahsjjwahu ke pas 16

** 62 416 0.05 " 10 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 10 2 ‐

81

Sonar Toli17 ** 63 386 0.70 " 25 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 25 3 ‐

82

Patan Toli 17

** 61 408 0.05 " 25 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 25 4 ‐

83

Yadav Tola 18

** 52 377 0.70 " 15 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 15 2 ‐

84

Lakanu Tola19

** 64 426 0.15 " 15 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 17 2 ‐

85

Taksaal sangat 19

** 58 385 0.10 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 20 2 ‐

86

Mallah Toli 20

** 61 407 0.20 " 18 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 15 2 ‐

87

Kotha Toli 21

** 59 395 0.25 " 25 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 20 2 ‐

88

Yadav Toli Bhartiganj 21

** 62 423 0.25 " 25 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 20 1 ‐

89

Laskariganj Bandh 22

** 52 377 0.20 " 25 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 20 2 ‐

90

Harijan Toli 23

** 57 381 0.10 " 7 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. 1 1 5 2 ‐

91

Gopal Ganj 24

** 51 444 0.50 " 20 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. ‐ 1 15 2 ‐

92

Muradabad 25

** 52 376 0.10 " 12 ‐ ‐ ‐ S.T. ‐ 1 10 2 ‐

5954 41119 24.18

1300 97 132 1145 271

(Source: SPUR Cell & Sasaram Nagar Parishad, 2011)

ANNEXURE II ‐ INCOME & EXPENDITURE FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 2008‐09

NAME OF CLUSTERS

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS / NAGAR PARISHAD / NAGAR PANCHAYAT Nagar Parishad

NAME OF ULBs SASARAM A Total Annual Current Holding Tax Demand FY 08-09 (i.e demand raised

during the year 2008-09 only to be considered) 3,536,215

B Total Collections ( against arrears and Demand for current FY 2008-09) of Holding Tax - FY 08-09

1,593,493

C Est. Population for FY 08-09 (Average of projected population of Years 2008 & 2009)

172,571

D Projected No. of Households for FY 2008-09 ( Est Population as per above line / 5.5 ) Avg Family size)

31,377

1.0 Resource Mobilsation -FY 2008-09 1.1 Per Capita Holding Tax Collection ( Indicator as per Log frame milestone)

for FY 2008-09 9

1.2 Per Assessee Holding Tax Collection for FY 2008-09 175 1.3 Per Household Holding Tax Collection 51 1.4 Number of Assesses as at end of March 2009 9,095 1.5 Per Assessee Holding Tax Current Demand for FY 2008-09 389 1.6 Per Household Holding Tax Current Demand for FY 2008-09 113 1.7 Holding Register updated ( with new Building Permits etc.) No 1.8 Total Demand of Holding Tax raised during FY 2008-09 (includes arrears

and current demand) 9,420,382

1.9 Total Collection Ratio : As on 31/3/09 17% 1.10 Total collection by Circle/ Ward /Collector prepared No 1.11 Total Outstanding Holding Tax due from Govt./Semi-Govt/

Institutions/Schools etc. as on 31st March, 2009 2,799,943

1.12 No. of pending legal cases for Recovery as of end of March 2009 Nil 1.13 Total Amount in respect of pending legal cases for Recovery as of end of

March 2009 Nil

1.14 Demand ,Collection and Balance Report for Holding Tax prepared as at end of March 2009

Yes

1.15 Total Taxes and non-taxes income ( Own sources Income) received /realised during FY 2007-08

6,221,444

1.16 Total Taxes and non-taxes income ( Own sources Income) received /realised during FY 2008-09 ( Same as 1.21)

7,838,570

1.17 Total Establishment costs of tax and Revenue staff during FY 2008-09 NA 1.18 Total commission payment to collectors during FY 2008-09 NA 1.19 Per Capita Own ( Tax plus Non-Tax ) Revenue Collection 45

Total Revenue Receipts -FY 2008-09 ( as per I & E statement in Rs. ) 1.19 Total Tax Revenues 4,082,435 1.20 Total Non-Tax Revenues 3,756,135 1.21 Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self-Generated Income ( 1.19 +

1.20) 7,838,570

1.22 Assigned Revenues - 1.23 Grants ( Incld. Salary and Matching grants) - 1.24 Other Income 285,482 1.25 Total Revenue Income ( 1.21 to 1.24) 8,124,052 1.26 Total Capital Grants 0

2 Accounting 2.1 Number of bank accounts including Account with Treasury 8 2.2 Cash Book updated on daily basis No 2.3 Bank Reconciliations prepred and completed for March 2009 No 2.4 Daily Cash /Bank balances report available /prepared Yes 2.5 Advances/ Depsits Registers / account maintained and reconciled monthly No

2.6 Cost of services ( Subsidy report ) prepared No

2.7 Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement prepared and available for FY 2007-08

Summary sheets not prepared

2.8 Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement prepared and available for FY 2008-09

Summary sheets not prepared

2.9 Annual Municipal Form I & XVIII - for FY 2008-09 disseminted by June 30th, 2009

No

2.10 Last FY Accounts prepared & completed on Accrual Based Double Entry Basis by consultant

FY 2007-08

3.0 Audit 3.1 Internal audit conducted regularly and quarterly reports available by 30th

of following quarter No

3.2 Last FY Audit Completed by Examiner of Local Accounts 2007-08 3.3 Total Number of Outstanding Paras as per last Audit Report 178 3.4 Total Value of Outstanding Paras as per last Audit Report 158,701 4.0 Planning & Budgeting

Date Budget Estimates for FY 2009-10 approved by Board of ULB Not approved till date. 4.2 Variance report reg. Budget versus Actual Revenue and Expenditure

Report prepared or not No

4.3 Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5% of Budget in Revenue

Variance report not prepared. hence not aplicable.

4.4 Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5% of Budget in Expenditure

Variance report not prepared. hence not aplicable.

4.5 Budget Prepared by wards No 4.6 Annual Budget Estimates disseminated thru media before start of FY No 5.0 Expenditure management -FY 2008-09 ( as per I &E Statement in Rs.) 5.1 Total Establishment Expenditure 7,897,569 5.2 Total O & M Expenditure 448,635 5.3 Total Programme Expenditure - 5.4 Total Administation Expenditure 144,779 5.5 Total Finance & Interest Expenditure - 5.6 Total Misc Expenditure 95,190 5.7 Total Revenue Expenditure FY 2008-09 ( Total of 5.1 to .5.6 ) 688,604 5.8 Total Capital Expenditure ( Incld WIP) 1,259,950 5.9 Per cent of total Establishment Expenditure on Total self-generated

Revenue for FY 2008-09 101

5.10 Per Capita Establishment Expenditure for FY 2008-09 46 5.11 % of total Establishment Expenditure to total Revenue Expenditure 1,147 5.12 % of total Expenditure on Programmes to total Revenue Expenditure - 5.13 % of total O &M Expenditure to total Revenue Expenditure 65 5.14 Per Capita Revenue Expenditure 4 5.15 Per capita Capital Expenditure ( incld. WIP) 7 5.16 % of total Capital Expenditure to Total Revenue Expenditure 183 5.17 Number of Utilisation Certificates Pending Nil 5.18 Amount of Grants unutilized as of 31st March, 2009 1,118,384 5.19 Number of Grants remaining fully or partially unutilized beyond 3 years as

on 31st March, 2009 Nil

5.20 Total Amounts of Grants remaining fully or partially unutilized beyond 3 years as of 31st March, 2009

Nil

6.0 Cash Flow Management 6.1 Yearly , quarterly and monthly forecast statement prepared and updated No 6.2 Number of times Variance exceeds 10% of Forecasted Income and

Expenditure items Variance statement not

preparaed 7.0 Assets & Liability Management 7.1

Data base of Assets available and updated on monthly basis

Date base of assets available as on 31.03.2007 but it is not

updated since then. 7.2 Data base of Liabilities available and updated on monthly basis No

7.3 Amount of Outstanding Debts from UD&HD and other lending Institutions ( In Rupees '000 )

Data Not available

8.0 Procurement 8.1 Number of audit comments not in compliance with established

procurement checklists and guidelines. Nil

8.2 Amount involved in respect of audit comments not in compliance with established procurement checklists and guidelines.

Nil

9.0 MISC. 9.1 Actual Collections of Rental Income from Municipal Properties for FY 2008-

09 1,019,056

9.2 Arrears of Rental Income from Municipal Properties as on 31st March, 2009

NA

9.3 Actual Collections of Income from Towers Tax for FY 2008-09 - 9.4 Arrears of Income from Towers Tax as on March 31, 2009 NA 9.5 Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract + Temporary)

as on 31-3- 2008 310

9.6 Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract + Temporary) as on 31-3- 2009

310

9.7 Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract+ Temporary ) as on 31-3- 2009 : (9.5 + 9.6 /2)

310

9.8 Per Employee Annual Establishment Expenditure ( Rs.) : ( 5.1/ 9.7) 25,476 9.9 Total Actual Arrears to staff as of 31st October 2010 1,623,600

ANNEXURE III ‐ INCOME & EXPENDITURE FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 2009‐10

NAME OF CLUSTERS MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS / NAGAR PARISHAD / NAGAR PANCHAYAT NAGAR PARISHAD

NAME OF ULBs SASARAM A Total Annual Current Holding Tax Demand FY 09-10 (i.e annual current demand

raised during the year 2009-10 only to be considered) 8,736,742

B Total Collections ( against arrears and Demand for current FY 2009-10) of Holding Tax - FY 09-10

12,064,337

C Est. Population for FY 09-10 (as per attached projections) 163,528D Projected No. of Households for FY 2009-10 ( Est Population as per above line / 5.5

) Avg Family size) 29,732

1.0 Resource Mobilsation -FY 2009-10 1.1 Per Capita Holding Tax Collection ( Indicator as per Log frame milestone) for FY

2009-10 74

1.2 Per Assessee Holding Tax Collection for FY 2009-10 1,0061.3 Per Household Holding Tax Collection 4061.4 Number of Assesses as at end of March 2010 11,9871.5 Per Assessee Holding Tax Current Demand for FY 2009-10 7291.6 Per Household Holding Tax Current Demand for FY 2009-10 2941.7 Holding Register updated ( with new Building Permits etc.) No1.8 Total Demand of Holding Tax raised during FY 2009-10 (includes arrears and current

demand) 29,512,782

1.9 Total Collection Ratio : As on 31/3/10 41%1.10 Total collection by Circle/ Ward /Collector prepared No1.11 Total Outstanding Holding Tax due from Govt./Semi-Govt/ Institutions/Schools etc.

as on 31st March, 2010 8,500,000

1.12 No. of pending legal cases for Recovery as of end of March 2010 ‐1.13 Total Amount in respect of pending legal cases for Recovery as of end of March

2010 ‐

1.14 Demand ,Collection and Balance Report for Holding Tax prepared as at end of March 2010

Yes


7,838,570


17,343,322

1.17 Total Establishment costs of tax and Revenue staff during FY 2009-10 NA1.18 Total commission payment to collectors during FY 2009-10 NA1.19 Per Capita Own ( Tax plus Non-Tax ) Revenue Collection 106

Total Revenue Receipts -FY 2009-10 ( as per I & E statement in Rs. ) 1.19 Total Tax Revenues 12,052,2091.20 Total Non-Tax Revenues 5,291,1131.21 Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self-Generated Income ( 1.19 + 1.20) 17,343,3221.22 Assigned Revenues 3,975,2401.23 Grants ( Incld. Salary and Matching grants) 23,345,3251.24 Other Income 702,8981.25 Total Revenue Income ( 1.21 to 1.24) 45,366,7851.26 Total Capital Grants 0

2 Accounting 2.1 Number of bank accounts including Account with Treasury 82.2 Cash Book updated on daily basis No2.3 Bank Reconciliations prepred and completed for March 2010 No2.4 Daily Cash /Bank balances report available /prepared Yes2.5 Advances/ Depsits Registers / account maintained and reconciled monthly No

2.6 Cost of services ( Subsidy report ) prepared No2.7 Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement prepared and available for FY 2009-10 Summary sheets not

prepared2.8 Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement prepared and available for FY 2009-10 Summary sheets not

prepared2.9 Annual Municipal Form I & XVIII - for FY 2009-10 disseminted by June 30th, 2010 No

2.10 Last FY Accounts prepared & completed on Accrual Based Double Entry Basis by consultant

FY 2007‐08

3.0 Audit 3.1 Internal audit conducted regularly and quarterly reports available by 30th of following

quarter No

3.2 Last FY Audit Completed by Examiner of Local Accounts 2007‐083.3 Total Number of Outstanding Paras as per last Audit Report 1783.4 Total Value of Outstanding Paras as per last Audit Report 158,7014.0 Planning & Budgeting

Date Budget Estimates for FY 2010-11 approved by Board of ULB NA4.2 Variance report reg. Budget versus Actual Revenue and Expenditure Report

prepared or not No

4.3 Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5% of Budget in Revenue Variance report not prepared. hence not

aplicable.4.4 Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5% of Budget in Expenditure Variance report not

prepared. hence not aplicable.

4.5 Budget Prepared by wards No4.6 Annual Budget Estimates disseminated thru media before start of FY No5.0 Expenditure management -FY 2009-10 ( as per I &E Statement in Rs.) 5.1 Total Establishment Expenditure NA5.2 Total O & M Expenditure NA5.3 Total Programme Expenditure NA5.4 Total Administation Expenditure NA5.5 Total Finance & Interest Expenditure NA5.6 Total Misc Expenditure NA5.7 Total Revenue Expenditure FY 2008-09 ( Total of 5.1 to .5.5 ) ‐5.8 Total Capital Expenditure ( Incld WIP) NA5.9 Per cent of total Establishment Expenditure on Total self-generated Revenue for FY

2009-10 NA

5.10 Per Capita Establishment Expenditure for FY 2009-10 NA5.11 % of total Establishment Expenditure to total Revenue Expenditure NA5.12 % of total Expenditure on Programmes to total Revenue Expenditure NA5.13 % of total O &M Expenditure to total Revenue Expenditure NA5.14 Per Capita Revenue Expenditure ‐5.15 Per capita Capital Expenditure ( incld. WIP) NA5.16 % of total Capital Expenditure to Total Revenue Expenditure NA5.17 Number of Utilisation Certificates Pending Nil5.18 Amount of Grants unutilized as of 31st March, 2010 NA5.19 Number of Grants remaining fully or partially unutilized beyond 3 years as on 31st

March, 2010 NA

5.20 Total Amounts of Grants remaining fully or partially unutilized beyond 3 years as of 31st March, 2010

NA

6.0 Cash Flow Management 6.1 Yearly , quarterly and monthly forecast statement prepared and updated No

6.2 Number of times Variance exceeds 10% of Forecasted Income and Expenditure items

Variance statement not preparaed

7.0 Assets & Liability Management 7.1 Data base of Assets available and updated on monthly basis Date base of assets

available as on 31.03.2007 but it is not updated since then.

7.2 Data base of Liabilities available and updated on monthly basis No 7.3 Amount of Outstanding Debts from UD&HD and other lending Institutions ( In Rupees

'000 ) Data Not available 8.0 Procurement 8.1 Number of audit comments not in compliance with established procurement

checklists and guidelines. Nil

8.2 Amount involved in respect of audit comments not in compliance with established procurement checklists and guidelines.

Nil

9 MISC. 9.1 Actual Collections of Rental Income from Municipal Properties for FY 2009-10 527,1809.2 Arrears of Rental Income from Municipal Properties as on 31st March, 2010 1,439,9189.3 Actual Collections of Income from Towers Tax for FY 2009-10 Nil9.4 Arrears of Income from Towers Tax as on March 31, 2010 4,000,0009.5 Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract + Temporary) as on 31-

3- 2009 310

9.6 Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract + Temporary) as on 31-3- 2010

310

9.7 Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract+ Temporary ) as on 31-3- 2010 : (9.5 + 9.6 /2)

310

9.8 Per Employee Annual Establishment Expenditure ( Rs.) : ( 5.1/ 9.7) 9.9 Total Actual Arrears to staff as of 31st October, 2010 1,600,000

ANNEXURE V : LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

FIRST WORKSHOP

SECOND WORKSHOP

THIRD WORKSHOP

Sr.No. Particulars

ActualFY

2008-09(Rs)

ActualFY

2009-10(Rs)

Estimated ActualFY

2010-11(Rs)

Projected FY

2011-12(Rs)

Projected FY

2012-13(Rs)

Projected FY

2013-14(Rs)

Projected FY

2014-15(Rs)

Projected FY

2015-16(Rs) Remarks

Total Receipts :

1 Total Tax Revenues : 4,082,435 12,052,209 6,100,000 8,200,000 10,200,000 12,200,000 14,300,000 16,300,000 double in 2011‐12,triple in 2013‐

14,quartiplate in 2015‐16

2 Total Non-Tax Revenues 3,756,135 5,291,113 5,600,000 7,500,000 9,400,000 11,300,000 13,100,000 15,000,000 double in 2011‐12,triple in 2013‐

14,quartiplate in 2015‐16

3Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self-Generated Income ( 1+2)

7,838,570 17,343,322 11,700,000 15,700,000 19,600,000 23,500,000 27,400,000 31,300,000

4 Assigned Revenues - 3,975,240 2,100,000 2,200,000 2,300,000 2,400,000 2,500,000 2,600,000 Assuming 5% growth

5Revenue Grants ( Include. Salary and Matching grants)

- 23,345,325 12,300,000 12,800,000 13,300,000 13,800,000 14,400,000 15,000,000 Assuming 4% growth form FY 2011‐

12(Matching grant 3 to 7%)

6 Other Income 285,482 702,898 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 Assuming 5% growth

A Total Revenue Income ( 3 to 6) 8,124,052 45,366,785 26,600,000 31,200,000 35,700,000 40,200,000 44,800,000 49,400,000 B Total Capital Grants - - - - - - - - Assuming 5% growth

Total Income(A+B) 8,124,052 45,366,785 26,600,000 31,200,000 35,700,000 40,200,000 44,800,000 49,400,000 Total Expenditure:

1 Establishment Expenditure 7,897,569 8,300,000 9,100,000 9,600,000 10,100,000 10,600,000 11,100,000 Assuming 5% growth except in 2011‐

12 is 10%due to restructuring

2 O & M Expenditure 448,635 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 Assuming 5% growth

3 Programme Expenditure - - - - - - - Assuming 5% growth

4 Administration Expenditure 144,779 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 Assuming 5% growth

5 Finance & Interest Expenditure - - - - - - - Assuming 5% growth

6 Misc Expenditure 95,190 - - - - - - Assuming 5% growth

C Total Revenue Expenditure (1+6) 8,586,173 9,000,000 9,800,000 10,300,000 10,800,000 11,300,000 11,800,000 Surplus /Deficit( Revenue)(A-C) (462,121) 45,366,785 17,600,000 21,400,000 25,400,000 29,400,000 33,500,000 37,600,000

% (0.06) 1.00 0.66 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.75 0.76

NA

ANNEXURE IV : FINANCIAL PROJECTION REPORT

Name of ULB:Sasaram

urban development housing department cdp sasaram.pdfsahastrabahu. sasaram was also the birthplace of...

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