By : Jyoti

Class : XI

ID no : 4487

School : Mann Public School

Index

Meaning

Type of waste

Urban waste Management situation in the following cities

i. Delhi

ii. New York

iii. Singapore

Conclusion

Meaning

Any material which is not required by the owner ,producer or processor is known as waste .

Type of waste

Domestic waste

Factory waste

Waste from oil-factory

E-waste

Construction waste

Agricultural waste

Nuclear waste

Situation in Delhi

Approximately 8000 MT MSW generated daily in Delhi.

Okhla Waste to Energy Plant: 1950 Ton per day MSW. Electricity generation capacity is 16 MW.

Ghazipur Waste to Energy Plant: 1300 Ton per day MSW with output of 450 Tons RDF. This is under process & is expected to be done by 2013. Electricity generation capacity wil be 10 MW.

Narela Waste to Energy Plant: 1200 Tons per day MSW with output of 450 Tons RDF 24 MW Power.

MCD Compost Plant at Bhalaswa Sanitary Landfill Site: Composting is being done for 500 MT/day.

Compost Plant at Okhla: 200 Tons per day.

APMC: Existing Compost plant of capacity 125TPD is being upgraded to 200 TPD.

Decentralized Green Waste Management

Generation of biodiesel from waste cooking oil in an environmentally sound way.

A Pilot project based on Nisargruna Technology of BARC for converting biodegradable waste into biogas has been installed at Delhi Secretariat.

Delhi Cabinet has approved bio-gas production from bio-degradable waste using BARC developed Nisargruna technology by giving fiscal incentives to the tune of 33% of plant cost.

Potential exist in hotels, Hospital canteens, Group Housing Societies, etc.

Waste Collection Our waste collection system relies on regular, door-to-door collection of waste from households and

other establishments. Without an appropriate collection system, municipal bodies find themselves spending inordinate amounts of money on street sweeping, as a large share of the waste (up to 40% in many locations) will end up being left by residents in drains or on common/municipal land.

Such uncontrolled dumping can lead to spread of vector-borne and water borne disease, contamination of ground water as well as reduced quality of life for residents.

The basic collection operation can be divided into two elements – primary and secondary collection.

Primary Collection

In most average density cities primary collection is managed door-to-door on a daily basis by waste collectors using hand carts or tricycles. Households are encourage to segregate their waste in two fractions – biodegradable and non-biodegradable. Further, the waste collectors makes a further initial separation into recyclable, inert and biodegradable waste before storing the waste in his or her cart or tricycle. The waste is throughout the primary collection stored separated.

Regular collection of waste avoids an problems of leachate and odor, as the fresh organic waste is not given time to begin decomposition in an anaerobic fashion.

Secondary Collection

From the primary collection carts or tricycles waste is transferred directly to trucks or tractor trolleys. As soon as bins are full they are transferred to our waste processing centres for composting, recycling and ultimately disposal. This bin-less system ensures that waste is not left on ground or in bins from where it can either spread or create problems such as leachate or odor. Throughout the secondary collection system biodegradable, recyclable and inert waste is managed separately.

Situation in New York One of the many roles of the department is to protect

New York State's environment and the health of its citizens through innovative, rational, and reasonable management of solid and hazardous and special waste that secures public confidence and provides for sustainable economic development that is responsive to environmental concerns. Hazardous Waste Manifest

The hazardous waste manifest program is a key element in controlling hazardous waste. Using a set of forms, reports and procedures, the manifest program tracks hazardous waste from the time it leaves the generator facility where it is produced, until it reaches the off-site waste management facility that will store, treat or dispose of the hazardous waste. This cradle-to-grave tracking system ensures that hazardous waste is transported from the place of generation to the place of ultimate disposal without being tampered with, dumped, or otherwise illegally disposed of along the way.

Urban waste management facilities These processing facilities remove reusable building or construction materials from the waste

stream, and process the material into usable components or products.

Household Hazardous Waste Collection and Storage Facilities (HHWCSF) - Household hazardous waste (HHW) is collected and/or stored at these facilities which are open on a regular basis. HHWCSF are required to be permitted by the DEC. Collection of HHW in New York State is also accomplished through single collection day events, where residents can bring HHW to a central location to be packaged and transported. In order to hold a HHW collection day, a plan for the event must be approved in advance by the DEC.

Materials Exchanges - Materials exchanges facilitate the exchange of materials or wastes from one party, which has no use for that material, to another party that views the materials as a valuable commodity. These facilities foster waste reduction efforts through the reuse of materials, thus eliminating the need to process the materials for recovery or disposal. These facilities are not regulated by the DEC.

Metal Salvage Facilities, Scrap Metal Processors and facilities that recover metals from sludges -

The following facility types are exempt from regulation under Part 360, except as follows: the owner or operator of each of these facilities must provide the department with an Annual Report Form For Waste Fluids Disposal (PDF, 94 KB) that details how waste fluids (including, but not limited to, refrigerants, oil and transmission fluids) are disposed:

•Metal salvage facilities and scrap metal processors that do not fit the definition of vehicle dismantlers,

•Facilities that recover metal from sludges that are not hazardous waste which are required to be managed at a facility subject to regulation under Part 373 or 374 of Title 6.

Situation in Singapore

The National Environment Agency (NEA) plans, develops and manages Singapore’s advanced waste management system. An efficient system for waste collection and disposal is critical in Singapore, given our limited land area and dense population

NEA selects public waste collectors (PWCs) to serve domestic and trade premises in Singapore’s nine geographical sectors. Successful bidders are awarded seven-year contracts to service a sector. This includes the collection of recyclable materials from households under the National Recycling Programme.

Solid waste disposal

Infrastructure

The solid waste disposal infrastructure consists of four waste-to-energy (WTE) plants located at Tuas, Senoko, Tuas South and an offshore sanitary landfill, Semakau Landfill. Waste collectors sending waste to the disposal facilities must be accompanied by a waybill to indicate the type and source of waste.

Illegal dumping

The illegal dumping of waste of any kind is a serious offence. It pollutes the environment and can be a hazard to public health. If a member of the public observes illegal dumping taking place, they can contact the NEA Call Centre at 1800-CALL-NEA (18002255632) and provide the following information

Date, time and location of dumping

Vehicle registration number

Your name and contact number

All calls are treated with the strictest of confidence.

Thank You

Thank You