urdu journalism - a histroy
TRANSCRIPT
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PRESENTED BY ANTARACHAKROBORTHY
DIKSHITA KALADE RAWJITH KAUR SOUNDARYA.J
HISTORY OF PRESSHISTORY OF VERNACULAR
PRESS IN URDU
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VERNACULAR PRESS
native languageor native dialect of a
specific population
newspapers came from smaller places of
the country. newspapers -published in local language
or native language or vernacular language.
remarkable growth of vernacular press. Newspapers role - creating socio-political
consciousness.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_language -
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URDU
Associated with Muslims of the region
of Hindustan.
The national language of Pakistan
An official language of five Indian states
one of the scheduled languagesin
the !onstitution of India.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_languages_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_languages_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan -
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URDU JOURNALISMTHE FORERUNNER
The Persian newspapers of "est #engal
The decline of Persian$ %ise of &rdu.
Jam-e-Jahan Numa$ a &rdu newspaperstarted in march '$().
*ditor - Harihar dutta.
+ound that it would be very difficult to
continue the publication of newspaper in
&rdu
!hanged it to a Persian daily from may(,$
().
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THE FIRST URDU NEWSPAPER
The first &rdu newspaper - DELHI URDU
AKHBAR in 1836.
tarted by MA&/I M01AMM*2 #A3A%. Many &rdu newspapers and weeklies
started.
+our main factors helped in progress of&rdu 4ournalism in 5rdand 6thdecade of (7th
century
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FACTORS BEHIND PROGRESS OFURDU JOURNALISM
In ()58$ *I! declared &rdu the official
language for government institutions and
court of law. o &rdu gained prominence.
After ()59$ many vernacular languagenewspapers came to frontline. Among those $
&rdu language newspapers were most
important because &rdu was the officiallanguage.
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FACTORS BEHIND PROGRESS OFURDU JOURNALISM
In ()5,$ itho-type printing started. It was
attractive and of low cost. !onse:uently$ cost
of printing &rdu newspaper reduced. Itbecame easier to start an &rdu newspaper.
&rdu newspapers - suitable medium for
promoting western ideas. The governmentpurchased &rdu newspapers. +inancially
supported some of the newspapers.
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URDU NEWSPAPER-PLACES OFPUBLICATION
Later, many ne Ur!" #a#er$ $tarte! %n &'(('%n) #(a*e$
De(+%,
La+'re,
M"(tan,
G"arat,Pe$+aar,
Raa(#%n!%,
L"*n',
B'm.ay,A(%)ar+ an!
Ma!ra$/
H'e0er, Delhi and Lah!e are *'n$%!ere! t' .e
"he #"he! land $ U!d% &%!nali'#.
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READERSHIP OF URDUNEWSPAPERS, JOURNALS,
WEEKLIES. Not very remarkable. Koh-e-Noor,started by Munshi Harsukh Rai -
highest circulation with 598copies a day.
Another weekly$ yed-ul-Akhbar - the lowestcirculation of 'copies.
Ma4ority of the newspapers ; 98 copies per day.
some papers - 88 copies because the #ritishtook 98 to (88 copies on permanent basis.
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THE FIRST JOURNALIST MART1R
Maulvi Mohammed #a:uar- founder ofDelhi Urdu Ah!ar
sentenced to death by #ritish government .
+irst 4ournalist to martyr in the history of
Indian 4ournalism.
Another incident-three year imprisonment
given to editorJamaludin of weekly "#ed-ul-Ah!ar.
A dramatic effect on &rdu 4ournalism
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A NEW ERA BEGINS
In ()6)$ there were , newspapers in India invernacular language$ out of which (7 were &rdu
newspaper.
The great rebellion in ()9' also called as epoy
mutiny affected the newspapers. ome newspapers ceased publication.
After the ma4or setback in ()9'$ &rdu newspaper
realigned soon. A new era of &rdu 4ournalism began.
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A NEW ERA BEGINS
ome of the newspapers started after sepoy mutiny in()9' are listed below.
$udh Ah!ar, Lu%no&
'aha(i!-ul-Ah!ar, Ali)arh
'he $udh *un%h, Lu%no& Amalul Ah!ar, Delhi
'he *un+a! Ah!ar, Lahore
"hamul Ah!ar, adra
'he Khahul Ah!ar, Bom!a# /ai0-ul-Ah!ar,Ban)lore.
0ut of these$ $UDH AKHBAR ared in 1828 lived longer
and soon became a daily under the editorship of Ratannath
Sarshar.
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AFTER GREATREBELLIONIn ()9)$ Manbir Kabiruddinstarted 'he
Urdu uide - the first &rdu daily of !alcutta.
Ro(namha-e-*un+a! from ahore in ()9).
$udh Ah!arby Munshi Nawal
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FROM DELHI
The first &rdu newspapers of 2elhi ;
4a&aid-ul-Na(arinand
Kiran-u-"adai$ +ounded by Rama Chandra in ()9.
&rdu press in 2elhi- highly critical of the #ritish
government.
*=ample > The Urdu Ah!ar$ edited by Syed
Hasan$ highlighted many civic issues like drainage$
sanitation$ adulteration of food$ and corruption.
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TREND IN 23456$
In ()''$Maulvi Nasir Alifounded 5newspapers-
Nura-ul-Ah!ar,
Nura-ul-Ilam and
ihir-e-Darahhan.
+ocused on current civil and political affairs$
valuable aids of Muslim empowerment.
In ()''$ $udh *un%h$ started bySajjidHussain.
0udh Punch ; (sthumour maga?ine in &rdu .
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TREND IN 23456$
The first women@s 4ournal in &rdu
wasAh!ar-un-Nia.
2uring this time$ &rdu 4ournalist
started using cartoons and
humour was used as way in
newspaper to attract readers.
The profession threw up a couple
of talented cartoonist.
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IN 23356$ AND 23756$
In ())8s$weeklies came out.
Ah!ar-i-aam, edited by Pandit
Goinath
*aia Ah!ar , edited by MunshiMahboob Aalam
A new phase of &rdu 4ournalism began.
Newspapers - popular for more than half
century. !overage was varied
#ut not e=tensive.
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IN 23356$ AND 23756$
An element added to their advertisements.
*ditorial comment - better informed.
%an on commercial lines and achieved
success.
#y the end of (7th century$ *aia Ah!ar
surpassed all the other &rdu newspapersin circulation.
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BEGINNING OF 85THCENTUR1
Took on a strongly nationalistic note
towards the turn of the 8th century.
Political and social issues dominated.
The political and social movementslaunched by !ongress$
the Muslim league$
Aarya sama4$
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BEGINNING OF 85THCENTUR1
The style more forceful
A much richer and varied vocabulary
developed
%esult of increased tempo and widening
of hori?ons.
Newspapers like 5ameendar,
Hinduan, Al Hilal, *aia Ah!ar,oudh Ah!ar introduced the political
purposefulness of 4ournalism.
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85THCENTUR1
Maulana Muhammad Ali Bauhar started Na:eeb-e-1amdard in (7(.
Another powerful political periodical was the
Madina$ edited by 1amidul Ansari.
The greatest &rdu periodical that time was Al 1ilal$started by Maulana Abul
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85THCENTUR1
In (7(7$ 'he*raa was started in ahore byMahshe
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FATHER OF URDU JOURNALISM
Maulana !a"ar Ali Khan# father of
&rdu 4ournalism
Took charge of (ameendhar and
converted it into a revolutionary press.
Dameendar$ started in ahore in (785.
The first &rdu newspaper to
subscribe to news agencies.
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FATHER OF URDU JOURNALISM
Dameendar was intensely nationalistic
!irculation over 58$888 copies
Mainly due to efforts of Dafar Ali
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DURING AND AFTER PARTITION
&rdu 4ournalism suffered heavily$ during and
after Partition.
%iots in ahore lead to mobs raiding the
office of Milap and burning machines andnewsprint.
Its Managing *ditor$ %anbir was stabbed
and the paper was closed for si= weeks. It
then shifted to 2elhi. 2ue to the unrest$ the Pratap also shifted to
2elhi.
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DURING AND AFTER PARTITION
At the time of partition there were 6(9 &rdu
newspapers .
After partition 569 of them remained in India
As per the %NI report of (79'$ there were 9(5&rdu newspapers and the combined circulation
was '.6) lakh.
+ifty years later the number of &rdu dailies
alone was 5(,) and the combined circulationof all &rdu newspapers was (.' crore as per
%NI report 88'.
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DURING AND AFTER PARTITION
&rdu newspapers after partition in Indiaare 2awat$ Nai 2uniya$ a popular &rdu
weekly
After (7)8s $ a gradual decline in the
number of publications and readership . ome ceased publication. +or e=ample$ in
"est #engal han-e-Millat$ Imro?e$ Asre-
Badeed$ Cha?i and I:ra were closed. In (stcentury$ a number of new
newspapers making their entry.
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TODA16S SCENARIO
More number of urdu newspapers published today
Till 88, Andhra Pradesh had the ma=imum
number of registered &rdu newspapers E98,F
Mumbai have several &rdu publications includingThe In:uilab daily and &rdu Times.
"est #engal$ especially
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TODA1,S SCENARIO-GETTING INTOINTERNET
1yderabad based iyasat was the first &rdunewspaper to start a web edition in late 78s.
everal other &rdu publications presently have
their web edition. 0M* &%2& N*"PAP*P%**NT T02AG
Hamara SamajHindustan $%ress
&n'uilab# Mumbai
Jadeed Mail# Ne( )elhi
Jadid Khabar# Ne( )elhiMunsi"#Hyderabad
Rashtriya Sahara
Ro*nama Saha"at
Siasat# Hyderabad
+rdu ,imes# Mumbai.
http://hamarasamaj.com/http://dailyhindustanexpress.com/http://inquilab.com/http://www.jadeedmail.com/http://jadidkhabar.com/http://www.munsifdaily.com/http://roznamasahara.com/http://www.sahafat.in/http://www.siasat.com/english/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=267020&Itemid=79&cattitle=Hyderabadhttp://www.urdutimes.in/http://www.urdutimes.in/http://www.siasat.com/english/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=267020&Itemid=79&cattitle=Hyderabadhttp://www.sahafat.in/http://roznamasahara.com/http://www.munsifdaily.com/http://jadidkhabar.com/http://www.jadeedmail.com/http://inquilab.com/http://dailyhindustanexpress.com/http://hamarasamaj.com/ -
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REFERENCES
-)r. Mrinal Chatterjee/ Pro"essor# &ndian &nstitute o" Mass
Communi0ation (((.mrinal0hatterjee.in
-http>HHwww.orissadiary.comH
12&K&P$)&A3en.wikipedia.orgHwikiHurdu
4((( .docstoc.com/docs/23631682/Hior#-o-Urdu-Journalism
6Fmadrasa.wordress.comHcategoryHurdu-4ournalismH
9Fwww.gktoday.in
,Fwww.thefreedictionary.in
'Fwww.mediahive.co.in
)Fwww.urdumediamonitor.com
7Fblogs.thenews.com.pk
(8Fwww.nusratalinsari.com
((Fwww.google.co.in
http://www.mrinalchatterjee.in/http://www.orissadiary.com/http://www.gktoday.in/http://www.thefreedictionary.in/http://www.mediahive.co.in/http://www.urdumediamonitor.com/http://www.google/http://www.google/http://www.urdumediamonitor.com/http://www.mediahive.co.in/http://www.thefreedictionary.in/http://www.gktoday.in/http://www.orissadiary.com/http://www.mrinalchatterjee.in/ -
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'HANK
7$U