Uruguay

Geography

Geography

Geography

History and Government

• The historical independence process had two big phases; first the country became a regional unit ( Banda Oriental ) and later, on July 18, 1830, an independent nation.

• During the first years of being an independent country Uruguay received a great number of immigrants.

• Uruguay enjoys a solid democracy and an excellent social environment.

• There are three main political parties.

Population evolution

1369.4

1439.0

1532.3

1419.0

1516.2

1631.5

1975 1985 1996

Pe

op

le

Male Female

Population

2.788,4 2.955,2 3.163,8

Source :INE

Density of Populationper Km2

15.9

16.8

18.0

14

15

16

17

18

19

1975 1985 1996

Population

Source :INE

Distribution

28.9

22.7

28.6

19.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Montevideo Rest of the country Montevideo Rest of the country

%

Population

Male Female

Source :INE

Ratio between Women Income per cap. Vs Mens Income

Population

Demographic Evolution Rate

0

5

10

15

20

25

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

%

Birth

Mortality

Source :INE

Population

Life Expectancy

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Ye

ars

Female

Male

Total

Source :INE

Global Birth Rate by Country/5 Yrs

Literacy level

• The official eduacational system is compulsory up to secondary level.

• Its third basic principle is that it should not be influenced by ideological or religious beliefs of any kind.

• The rate of literacy in the country is very high.

Literacy level

The Uruguayan Economy

• Uruguay has an efficient service sector.

• This strategy is made possible as a result of a political and social environment .

• A frame of policies and incentives to promote the expansion of exports.

• Mechanisms which make possible to promote the growth and diversification of agriculture and manifacturing for export.

The Uruguayan Economy

• The private sector is considered to have a fundamental role in the future growth of the economy.

• The current economy policies sustain as an essential resource for achieving the established objectives.

• The Uruguay of today is engaged in a policy of Latin American integration.

I ncome in U$S

3290

3752

5556

5770

6348

67956592

63286004

5482

47634189

28153007

3597

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

U$

SIncome per Capita

Source :INE

Variance in %

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

%

Gross Domestic Product

Brazil devaluation

Aftosa

Argentinian crisisFinancial crisis

Source :INE

Electricity, Gas , Water

5%

Manufacturer I ndustry

20%

Goods and services15%

Others11%

Transportation & Comunications

11%

Trade, Restaurants , Hotels13%

Goverment Services9%

Finance & I nsurance12%

Building4%

Gross Domestic Product

Source :INE

Inflation and Devaluation

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

%

Devaluation

Inflation

7,49 %10,19 %

Source :INE

Unemployment

Annual Average

16.916.915.3

13.6

11.310.1

11.411.910.3

9.28.3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Montevideo 8.4 9.2 10.8 12.3 11.6 10.2 11.8 13.5 15.5 17.0 16.7

I nterior 8.2 9.2 9.7 11.4 11.3 9.9 10.7 13.3 15.0 16.9 17.1

Total Country 8.3 9.2 10.3 11.9 11.4 10.1 11.3 13.6 15.3 16.9 16.9

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Source :INE

Trade Balance

• As in the financial sphere, since the mid 70´s Uruguay has undertaken a progressive liberalization of its trade relations.

• Imports , tariffs were reduced and quotas and other barriers were eliminated.

• There are no non – tariff barriers.

• Export promotion made it possible to break with the extreme dependence on a very limited number of commodities.