US Army Corps of Engineers

BUILDING STRONG®

Latest Technologies from ERDC

Dr. Alfred F. Cofrancesco

Technical Director

Engineer Research and Development Center; Vicksburg, MS

February 2010

US Army Corps of Engineers

BUILDING STRONG®

BUILDING STRONG®

What is CHARTS? Coastal Hydrographic Airborne Rapid Total Survey Unique combination of bathymetric and terrestrial LIDAR

and hyperspectral imagery Products: mapping quality topo-bathy elevations, RGB

orthomosaics, calibrated hyperspectral cubes

BUILDING STRONG®

•Funded by HQ• Initiated in FY2004•Collect lidar elevation and imagery data to support regional sediment management

•5-year national cycle•Focus on sandy shorelines•Annual planning meetings•Districts•PDT•Other agencies

USACE National Coastal Mapping Program (NCMP)

BUILDING STRONG®

2004Post-hurricane 20042005Post-hurricane 20052006-2008Post-hurricane 20082009-2010

USACE NCMP Surveys and Products

Available data products:• ASCII xyz

• RGB mosaics

• Zero contour

• 1-m bathy/topo DEMs

• LAS format topo

• 1-m bathy/topo bare earth DEMs

• Hyperspectral mosaics

• Laser reflectance

• Basic landcover classification

BUILDING STRONG®

Description

Sensors Maturity*

RGB Hyper-spectral

LIDAR (bathy/topo)

Plant species discrimination (Invasives)

X X O

Terrestrial vegetation stress/health status

X D

Wetland delineation X X X O

Shallow water benthic habitat mapping

X X D

Water Quality Assessment X X D

Erosion studies X X O

* O=operational, D=developing, P=potential

Environmental Applications of CHARTS Data (1)

BUILDING STRONG®

Environmental Applications of CHARTS Data (2)

Description

Sensors Maturity*

RGB Hyper-spectral

LIDAR (bathy/topo)

Forest canopy mapping X X X O

Submersed aquatic vegetation mapping

X D

SAV species discrimination

X X P

Regulatory violations X X O

* O=operational, D=developing, P=potential

BUILDING STRONG®

Automated Thermal IR Videographic Census Technique

for Bats in Flight

Bruce M. Sabol, Eddie Melton - U.S. Army ERDC, Vicksburg, MS

Robert R. Currie - USFWS, Ashville, NC

SBDN_Sabol_08

BUILDING STRONG®

Censusing Endangered Bats in Flight Develop

standardized methodology for automated detection, tracking, and counting of bats in flight using lowest cost equipment possible

BUILDING STRONG®

Methodology OverviewMethodology Overview

• Video rate thermal infrared

• Fixed field of view

• Stationary background

• Video rate thermal infrared

• Fixed field of view

• Stationary background

ImagingImaging Statistical Statistical SummariesSummaries

Digital Digital ProcessingProcessing

OutputOutput

• Digital frame grabbing

• Differencing of sequential images

• Thresholding• Detection and

tracking

• Digital frame grabbing

• Differencing of sequential images

• Thresholding• Detection and

tracking

• Tracked bat location and pattern

• Tracked bat location and pattern

• Bats tracked/minute

• Ingress/egress counts

• Bats tracked/minute

• Ingress/egress counts

5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 3 5 0

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

Horizontal Position (pixels)

Ve

rtic

al P

os

itio

n (

pix

els

)

INSIDE

OUTSIDE

BUILDING STRONG®

Differenced video imagery

MLC_snagif3.avi

BUILDING STRONG®

Resulting Net Count

59,965

BUILDING STRONG®

Integrating Acoustic Mapping into Aquatic Plant Management Operations: Case Study

Bruce Sabol1, Jim Kannenberg2, John Skogerboe1

BUILDING STRONG®

Boat

Radio Antenna

Digital Storage Unit(PC)

Data RadioReceiver

DigitalEcho Sounder

GPS AntennaGPSReceiver

TransducerDGPS

BroadcastSource

Transm

itted

GPS Cor

rectio

ns

GPSSignal

Components

• Digital echosounder ($25K)

• Navigations GPS ($2.5K)

• Laptop PC ($2.5K)

BUILDING STRONG®

Acoustic Environment of Submersed Vegetation

BUILDING STRONG®

0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 15 25 50 55 45 50 50 0 35 25 0 0 Plant height (cm)

(4/10) * 100 = 40 % (7/10) * 100 = 70 % Coverage (%)

(10+10+15+25) / 4 = 15 cm (50+55+45+50+50+35+25) / 7 = 44 cm Average Height (cm)

(DGPS (1)+ (DGPS (2)) / 2 (DGPS (2)+ (DGPS (3)) / 2 Position

SAVEWS- Operations Concept

BUILDING STRONG®

Pre-Treatment Effective Canopy Height

BUILDING STRONG®

Canopy Height Over Time

Pre- 4-Wk Post- 8-Wk Post-

BUILDING STRONG®

New Developments in Acoustic Mapping

Integrating capability with boat-based herbicide delivery systems (LittLineTM) in real time

Migrating technology to a low-cost (~$1500) sounder/GPS system for greater availability to aquatic plant managers

BUILDING STRONG®19

Invasive mussels work

Chemical controls: moderate success► Adults relatively tolerant; effects on non-target species

The sensitivity of larval stages should be exploited

Spawning Dreissena

polymorpha

Mytilus galloprovincialis

Millward et al. ERDC/TN ANSRP-07-03

Mussels have invaded many aquatic systems

BUILDING STRONG®20

Life stage sensitivity of mussels Minnesota DNR

► New zebra mussel problem (2005)► Permitted to use algaecide (Cutrine-Ultra®) at 1 mg/L► Can permitted dosage control zebra mussels?

Zebra mussel sensitivity to copper (24-h dosing)► More than 4.5 mg/L Cu required to kill 99% of adult mussels► Only 0.04 mg/L Cu required to kill larval mussels in 24-h► At 0.3 mg/L Cu, larval mussels killed in 52 minutes► Permitted dosage can kill larvae but not adults

LarvalMussels Adult

Mussels

Kennedy et al. J Great Lakes Res 32: 596-606

BUILDING STRONG®21

Larval Mytilus mussels more sensitive than adults to copper, chlorine and bayluscide

Life stage sensitivity to Bayluscide► Gametes = trochophores (no shell) > D-stage veligers (shell) >>>

juveniles and adults

Life stage sensitivity of mussels

Cell damage in D-stage larva

Cell viability assays more sensitive than survival

Millward et al. ERDC/TN ANSRP-07-03

BUILDING STRONG®22

Invasive mussels: recent products

BUILDING STRONG®23

Novel surfaces to control invasive species

Problem: Organisms stowaway on vehicles►Vector for dispersal of

invasive species

Problem: most controls involve toxic chemicals

Solution: textured surfaces, unique substrate properties

Schumacher et al. (2007)

Federal organizations must limit Federal organizations must limit transport of invasive speciestransport of invasive species

BUILDING STRONG®24

Effects of surface substrate properties

Glass

Glass

Teflon

Glass

Surface hydrophobicity alters crawling behavior

Patterned surface tessellations reduce aestivation frequency

Surface elastic modulus controls organism adhesion strength

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Cross PDMSe Glass Rough Glass

Cross topo, PDMSe Glass, rough glass

Per

cen

t A

esti

vati

ng

on

Su

rfac

e

82% Reduction

p < 0.01

61% Increasep < 0.01

* *

Cross Cross patternpattern

BUILDING STRONG®

Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

Plants were developed to grow on military lands

Basic research completed on locating and documenting bacterial gene to breakdown RDX

Transgenic plants successfully developed in laboratory

Field evaluations and testing considerations would need to include:

Field site design and selection

Policy issues

Permit applications

BUILDING STRONG®

Wear Tolerance Testing

Cultivar 2005 2006 2007

SERDP SRWG 67.8 74.3 66.0

Secar SRWG 36.4 46.5 42.7

Vavilov II SWG 55.6 76.0 72.2

Vavilov I SWG 28.1 51.0 43.7

lsd @0.05 13.5 13.1 13.0

Percent cover after traffic event, June 2005

BUILDING STRONG®

Invasive Weed Control

BUILDING STRONG®

RDX Removal from Soil

Germplasms were developed for greater training resiliency

western wg Siberian wg slender wg

BUILDING STRONG®

Questions?