Chapter 33

40th President

Ronald Reagan

The Great Communicator

Affirmative action

• Requires companies to give special consideration to women, blacks, minorities

• View this as reverse discrimination (favoring one group over another base on race)

Mikhail Gorbachev

End of cold War• Soviet introduced

– GLASNOST openness, allow western ideas and goods

– PERESTROIKA - allowed limited market

Fall of communism-

Soviet

Fall of Berlin Wall

William Jefferson ‘Bill” Clinton

Impeachment

George Herbert WalkerBush

Boris Yeltsin

Operation Desert Storm

AGM- 65 MaverickBLU 82

chapparal

F15C Eagle

F5 Jet

Hellfire

Hydra

Hawk-

Patriot

Stinger

Tomahawk

Avenger

Well maintained piece of Iraqie equipment looks like a HellFire reached out and touched it

Soldiers visiting a bone year where Iraqie tanks were consolidated by Kuwait after operation-

leftover artillery

Thomas Clarence v. Anita Hill-1991Sexual Harassment case

Rodney King - 1992

Reagan “Star Wars” speech- March 23, 1983

• In the following speech, President Ronald Reagan first announced his intentions to develop a new system to reduce the threat of nuclear attack and end the strategy of mutual deterrence.

• The system he proposed became known as "Star Wars," after the popular movie, because it was meant to destroy missiles from space. The Soviets feared the system would increase the risk of the United States launching a first attack because U.S. officials would not fear retaliation

SDI- became known as Star Wars

• MX missilePeacekeeper

• B-1 Bomber

• Defense system that would keep US safe from enemy missiles

• Estimated in trillions

Sandra Day O’Connor

William Rehnquist

1981 attempt on President Reagan

Walter Mondale/ Geraldine Ferraro

1st woman on major party’s presidential ballot- V.P

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Roe v. Wade

1.2 million aborted every year

Appearance of his face

indicates a horrible death was this boy experimented upon while still

alive

Drug Abuse

Gay rights movements

Iran- Contra Scandal-1983

Oliver North

The Challenger- 1986

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill-1989

• No one anticipated any unusual problems as the Exxon Valdez left the Alyeska Pipeline Terminal at 9:12 p.m., Alaska Standard Time, on March 23,1989. The 987-foot ship, second newest in Exxon Shipping Company's 20-tanker fleet, was loaded with 53,094,510 gallons (1,264,155 barrels) of North Slope crude oil bound for Long Beach, CA. Tankers carrying North Slope crude oil had safely transited Prince William Sound more than 8,700 times in the 12 years since oil began flowing through the trans-Alaska pipeline, with no major disasters and few serious incidents. This experience gave little reason to suspect impending disaster. Yet less than three hours later, the Exxon Valdez grounded at Bligh Reef, rupturing eight of its 11 cargo tanks and spewing some 10.8 million gallons of crude oil into Prince William Sound.

• Exxon was fined $150 million, the largest fine ever imposed for an environmental crime. The court forgave $125 million of that fine in recognition of Exxon's cooperation in cleaning up the spill and paying certain private claims.

Containment boom

Cleanup operations included skimming oil from the water surface with towed booms. Two boats are towing the boom. Oil is collecting within in the boom, and a small skimmer at the apex of the boom is

removing the oil from the water surface. The skimmed oil is being pumped through a hose into the barge that is following the skimmer.

As the spilled oil moved across the waters of Prince William Sound, responders tried to protect especially sensitive location, such as this salmon hatchery in the western South,

which they surrounded with protective boom. Boom floats on the water surface and is designed to act as a barrier to oil

In 1989, hoses spraying seawater were used to flush oil from shorelines. The released oil was then trapped with offshore boom, and removed using skimmers, vacuum trucks (useful for thick layers of oil) and boom (sorbent, snare, pompoms). For hard to reach areas, or locations

with weathered oil, heated seawater was used to flush oil from the shoreline.

• Converted vessels and barges were used for beach washing operations. It would take several days to outfit a conventional barge with the equipment needed to heat and pump the water. Smaller vessels that were used for beach washing early in the spill were re-outfitted for bioremediation later in the response.

• Along with the large-scale beach washing, manual cleanup, raking and tilling the beaches, oily debris pickup, enhanced bioremediation and spot washing were used to cleanup the oil. In some locations, oil was thick enough to be picked up with shovels and buckets. In addition, mechanical methods were used on a few sites, including the use of bulldozers to relocate or remove the contaminated beach surfaces. Mechanical rock washing machines, which were manufactured for the spill, were not used to clean contaminated rocks and return them to the beach.

Workers using high-pressure, hot-water washing to clean an oiled shoreline. In this treatment method, used on many prince William Sound beaches, oil is hosed from beaches, collected within floating

boom, then skimmed from the water surface. Other common treatment methods included cold water flushing of beaches, manual beach cleaning

When crews cleaned a beach with high-pressure, hot water washing, booms were used, as shown here, to prevent oil re-floated by the

cleaning operations from escaping back into Prince William Sound

Bags of cleanup debris deposited in a landfill --- Oregon State

Dump site for oil collected from the water

Homeless

Saddam Hussein

Operation Desert Storm/ Gulf War

as a war waged by a UN-authorizedcoalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

The great majority of the military forces in the coalition were from the United States, with Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom and Egypt as leading contributors, in that order. Around US$36 billion of the US$60 billion cost was paid by Saudi

The initial conflict to expel Iraqi troops from Kuwait began with an aerial bombardment on 17 January 1991. This was followed by a ground assault on 23 February. This was a decisive victory for the coalition forces, who liberated Kuwait and advanced into Iraqi territory. The coalition ceased their advance, and declared a cease-fire 100 hours after the ground campaign started. Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq, Kuwait, and areas on the border of Saudi Arabia.

A Boeing CH 47d Chinook helicopter awaits a launch decision during operation Desert Storm

George Herbert

Walker Bush

Somalia- famine

David Koresh- Waco Tragedy

Oklahoma Bombing

Timothy McVeigh

Memorial

Dolly- cloned sheep

In 1978, the country gained worldwide

attention when American religious

cult leader Jim Jones and 900 of his

followers committed mass suicide in

Jonestown, Guyana.

• James Warren "Jim" Jones (May 13, 1931 – November 18, 1978) was the American founder of the Peoples Temple, which became synonymous with group suicide after the November 18, 1978 mass murder-suicide in their isolated agricultural intentional community called Jonestown, located in Guyana, South America. Over 900 people died from cyanide poisoning or gunshot wounds. To the extent the actions in Jonestown were viewed as a mass suicide, it is one of the largest such mass suicides in history, perhaps the largest in over 1,900 years and the largest mass suicide of United States citizens. At a nearby airstrip, the event also resulted in the first and only murder of a Congressman, Leo Ryan, in the line of duty in the history of the United States, along with the murder of two journalists and a defecting Temple member.

He claimed to be an incarnation of Jesus, Akhenaten, the Buddha, Lenin, and Father Divine and performed supposed miracle healings to attract new converts.

[citation needed] Members of Jones' church called him "Father" and believed their movement was the solution to the problems of society; many did not distinguish

Jones from the movement.

• Jones purported to preach what he called "apostolic socialism."[8] In doing so, the Temple openly preached to established members that "religion is an opiate of the people."[9] Accordingly, "those who remained drugged with the opiate of religion had to be brought to enlightenment -- socialism."[10] In that regard, Jones also openly stated that he "took the church and used the church to bring people to atheism." [11] Jones often mixed those concepts, such as preaching that "If you're born in this church, this socialist revolution, you're not born into sin. If you're born in capitalist America, racist America, fascist America, then you're born in sin. But if you're born in socialism, you're not born in sin."[9]

• In 1961, Jones helped to integrate churches, restaurants, the telephone company, the police department, a theater, an amusement park, and the Methodist Hospital and became the executive director of the Indianapolis Human Rights Commission.[4]

• Jones received considerable criticism in Indiana for his integrationist views.[4] Subsequently, in 1965, Jones left Indiana, moving the Peoples Temple to Redwood Valley, California based, in part, on Jones' belief that it would be a more safe location if nuclear war were to occur.[4]

• In November 1978, U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan led a fact-finding mission to the Jonestown settlement in Guyana to investigate allegations of human rights abuses by relatives of Temple members in the U.S. Ryan's delegation, which included Don Harris, an NBC network news reporter, an NBC cameraman and reporters for various newspapers. The group arrived in Jonestown on November 15 and spent three days interviewing residents. Ryan's delegation was originally denied access to the camp, where it was later learned that the residents were practicing songs and dance. The delegation was granted access on November 17. However, it left hurriedly on the morning of Saturday November 18, after an attempt was made on Ryan's life by a man armed with a knife. The attack was thwarted, bringing the visit to an abrupt end. Congressman Ryan and his people succeeded in taking with them fifteen People's Temple members who had expressed a wish to leave. At that time, Jones made no attempt to prevent their departure. However, Peoples Temple survivors reported that a group from Jonestown left shortly afterwards in a truck with the intention of stopping the delegation and members from leaving the country alive.

• Surviving delegation members later told police that as they were boarding two planes at the airstrip, the truck with Jones' armed guards arrived and began shooting at them, killing Congressman Ryan and five others. At the same time, one of the supposed defectors, Larry Layton, drew a weapon and began firing on members of the party. An NBC cameraman was able to capture footage of the shooting. When the gunmen departed, six people were dead: Representative Ryan, Don Harris, a reporter from NBC, a cameraman from NBC, a newspaper photographer, and one defector from the Peoples Temple. Surviving the attack were future Congresswoman Jackie Speier, then a staff member for Ryan; Richard Dwyer, the Deputy Chief of Mission from the U.S. Embassy at Georgetown and allegedly an officer of the Central Intelligence Agency; and Bob Flick, a producer for NBC News. The murder of Congresman Ryan was the first and only murder of a Congressman in the line of duty in the history of the United States.[35]

• Later that same day, 909 inhabitants of Jonestown, 276 of them children, died in what has commonly been labeled a mass suicide. However, because there is much ambiguity regarding whether many who participated did so voluntarily or were forced (or even killed outright), some feel that mass murder is a more accurate description. Some followers obeyed Jones' instructions to commit "revolutionary suicide" by drinking cyanide-laced grape flavored Flavor Aid[36][37] (often misidentified as Kool-Aid), along with a sedative. Children were given the drink first and families were told to lie down together. The mass suicide had been practiced in simulated events called "White Nights" on a regular basis.

• The reason given by Jones to commit suicide was consistent with Jones' previously stated conspiracy theories of intelligence organizations allegedly conspiring against the Temple, that men would "parachute in here on us," "shoot some of our innocent babies" and "they'll torture our children, they'll torture some of our people here, they'll torture our seniors."[38] Parroting Jones' prior statements that hostile forces would convert captured children to fascism, one temple member states "the ones that they take captured, they're gonna just let them grow up and be dummies."[38] Jones can be heard saying, "Don't be afraid to die" and, regarding death as "just stepping over into another plane" and that "[death is] a friend."[38]

• Jones was found dead sitting in a deck chair with a gunshot wound to the head that Guyanese coroner Cyrill Mootoo stated was consistent with a self-inflicted gun wound

Heaven’s Gate

• Heaven's Gate was the name of a San Diego based American religious group led by Marshall Applewhite and Bonnie Nettles. The group's end coincided with the appearance of Comet Hale-Bopp in 1997. Applewhite convinced thirty-eight followers to commit suicide so that their souls could take a ride on a spaceship that they believed was hiding behind the comet. Such beliefs have led some observers to characterize the group as a type of "UFO religion"[1] They believed that the planet Earth was about to be recycled (wiped clean, refurbished and rejuvenated), and that the only chance to survive was to leave it immediately.[2] The group was formally against suicide, but they defined "suicide" to mean "to turn against the Next Level when it is being offered."[3] They were convinced that their "human" bodies were only vessels meant to help them on their journey.

• Thirty-eight group members, plus Applewhite, the group's leader, were found dead in a rented mansion in the upscale San Diego community of Rancho Santa Fe, California, on March 26, 1997. Two former members of Heaven's Gate, Wayne Cooke and Charlie Humphreys, died in copycat suicides. Humphreys had survived a suicide pact with Cooke in May 1997, but successfully committed suicide in February 1998.[5][6] The mass death of the Heaven's Gate group was widely publicised in the media as an example of cult suicide.[7]

• In preparing to kill themselves, members of the group drank citrus juices to ritually cleanse their bodies of impurities. The suicide was accomplished by ingestion of phenobarbital mixed with vodka, along with plastic bags secured around their heads to induce asphyxiation. They were found lying neatly in their own bunk beds, with their faces and torsos covered by a square, purple cloth. Each member carried a five dollar bill and three quarters in their pockets. All 39 were dressed in identical black shirts and sweat pants, brand new black-and-white Nike "Cortez" athletic shoes, and armband patches reading "Heaven's Gate Away Team." The suicides were conducted in shifts, and the remaining members of the group cleaned up after each prior group's death.[8

• From Heaven's Gate Web Site: Home Page Text

•

• Whether Hale-Bopp has a "companion" or not is irrelevant from our perspective. However, its arrival is joyously very significant to us at "Heaven's Gate." The joy is that our Older Member in the Evolutionary Level Above Human (the "Kingdom of Heaven") has made it clear to us that Hale-Bopp's approach is the "marker" we've been waiting for -- the time for the arrival of the spacecraft from the Level Above Human to take us home to "Their World" -- in the literal Heavens. Our 22 years of classroom here on planet Earth is finally coming to conclusion -- "graduation" from the Human Evolutionary Level. We are happily prepared to leave "this world" and go with Ti's crew. If you study the material on this website you will hopefully understand our joy and what our purpose here on Earth has been. You may even find your "boarding pass" to leave with us during this brief "window."

• We are so very thankful that we have been recipients of this opportunity to prepare for membership in Their Kingdom, and to experience Their boundless Caring and Nurturing.

Comet Hale-Bopp

Mark 1 “The Baby”

Apple computer

Steven Jobs

Monica Lewinsky

She wants her stained dress back

and have no intention of

selling it

Columbine High Tragedy

Dylan Klebold

Eric Harris

Coach Sanders ran upstairs to alert the people

Eric on the stairs

Trying to shoot at the propane bomb but did not go off

Detonated one propane bomb that caused a fire

Both went back to the cafeteria

Rachel Joy Scott

George Bush Jr.

George Bush Sr.

The Justice Department is investigating the death of an Abu Ghraib prison detainee whose body, packed in ice, is documented in photos that also show two American

soldiers posing nearby with thumbs up, a U.S. official said Thursday.The photos show Army Sgt. Charles A. Graner Jr. and Spc. Sabrina Harman, both of

whom have already been charged in the Iraq prisoner abuse scandal.

• ELDORADO, Texas (AP) - State officials Tuesday defended their decision to suddenly separate mothers from many of the children taken in a raid on a polygamist ranch in West Texas. Texas Children's Protective Services spokeswoman Marleigh Meisner said the separation was made Monday after they decided that children are more truthful in interviews about possible abuse if their parents are not around.

• When state troopers and child welfare officials seized 416 children from the compound, 139 women accompanied them on their own and had been allowed to stay with the children until Monday, when they were driven back to the compound.

• Only women with children under 5 could stay at the San Angelo Coliseum where they were being held.

New Right

• Focus on controversial issues– school prayer, lower

taxes, a smaller government, teaching the Bible

• They opposed gun control, abortion, homosexual rights, affirmative action, and nuclear disarmament