US History, October 27 Entry Task: Please grab a book and turn

to p. 194 Announcements: We will be going down to the Football

Field around 1:50pm Did you turn in your: paragraph about Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists? Campaign Poster (due tomorrow)

Negative Ads

John Adams Stubborn;

independent Federalist – at odds

w/ Hamilton America: Growing

West (KY 1792 & TN 1796)

Political participation: property-owning only

John Adams’ Background Became a prominent lawyer in Boston Defended soldiers in Boston Massacre 1776 – appointed to prepare the Declaration of

Independence Adams served on 90 committees (more than any other

Congressmen) Oversaw the operations of Continental Army during

the War + helped get French support Helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris 1785 – First US Minister to England 1788-1796 – George Washington’s Vice President

John Adams as Vice President To Abigail Adams, "My

country has in its wisdom contrived for me the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived."

Smear Campaign: John Adams

Favor monarchism Conspiracy to establish a

family dynasty

Anglophile – favored Great Britain Aristocrats, unfriendly to Within Adams’ own political party, Alexander Hamilton preferred

Thomas Pinckney Supporters of Adams: Merchants, creditors (bankers) Jefferson's camp accused President Adams of having a "hideous

hermaphroditical character, which has neither the force and firmness of a man, nor the gentleness and sensibility of a woman."

Thomas Jefferson

Scientist, Farmer, Reluctant Statesman

Organized the Democratic-Republican Party

Deist – separation of church & state

Champion for the “Common Man”

Often listed as a “Top 5” of greatest Presidents

Thomas Jefferson’s Background Primary author of the Declaration of

Independence Served in Virginia’s Congress during Revolution Served 2 years as governor of Virginia during

Revolution; had to flee his home Served as Representative to Confederation

Congress – helped to figure out how to organize western lands

1785-89, Served as America’s minister to France

Secretary of State for George Washington

Smear Campaign: Thomas Jefferson His courage was

questioned during the Revolution

Charged as an atheist Francophile – favored France (dangerous

RADICALS!!! Associated with Jacobins) Adams' men called Vice President Jefferson "a

mean-spirited, low-lived fellow, the son of a half-breed Indian squaw, sired by a Virginia mulatto father."

1. George Washington

2. John Adams 3. Thomas

Jefferson 4. James Madison 5. James Monroe 6. John Q. Adams 7. Andrew Jackson

Former vice-president John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson in the presidential election of 1796

Former VP John Adams (Federalist) Thomas Jefferson (Democratic -Republican)

John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 71 51.4% Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-

Republican 68 49.3%

Thomas Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 59 42.8% Aaron Burr New York Democratic-

Republican 30 21.7%

Samuel Adams Massachusetts Federalist 15 10.9% Oliver Ellsworth Connecticut Federalist 11 8.0% George Clinton New York Democratic-

Republican 7 5.1%

Other - - 15 10.9%

Total Number of Electors 138

Total Electoral Votes Cast 276

Number of Votes for a Majority 70

1796 Election Results (16 States in the Union)

Amendment 12 (1804) Changes Presidential Elections – “The

electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for the President and Vice President…they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted as Vice-President…”

Last Hours – 50th Anniversary of Independence

Adams, 91 years old - July 4, 1826, he whispered his last words: "Thomas Jefferson survives.”

Jefferson, 84 years old – July 4, 1826 died at

Monticello a few hours earlier

Book – p. 194-195 Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain XYZ Affair Alien Act & Sedition Acts

The Federalist-controlled Congress passed the Sedition Act, making it a crime for American citizens to “print, utter, or publish . . . any false, scandalous, and malicious writing” about the Government. Thomas Jefferson, leader of the Democratic-Republicans, predicted that the act “unless arrested at the threshold, [will] necessarily drive these States into revolution and blood.”

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

• In November 1798, David Brown led a group in Dedham, Massachusetts in setting up a liberty pole with the words, "No Stamp Act, No Sedition Act, No Alien Bills, No Land Tax, downfall to the Tyrants of America; peace and retirement to the President; Long Live the Vice President".

• Benjamin Franklin Bache was editor of the Aurora, a Democratic-Republican newspaper. Bache had accused George Washington of incompetence and financial irregularities, and "the blind, bald, crippled, toothless, querulous ADAMS" of nepotism and monarchical ambition

HERRING SEDITION INDICTMENT 1798 Mr. Herring did allegedly “utter and publish” papers defaming the character of President

John Adams. The accused was overheard saying “damn the President” and calling the president “an enemy of the government.” The only journalists prosecuted under the Sedition Act were editors of Democratic-Republican newspapers.

Virginia & Kentucky Resolves Jefferson & James Madison were

outraged & wrote the Virginia & Kentucky Resolves in 1798-99: Presented a “states’ rights” argument suggesting

that states could ignore (nullify) national laws that they viewed as unfair

The “states’ rights” & “nullification” arguments will be used by the South to secede from the USA during the Civil War in 1860-61