1. Heart Diseases 700,142 29.0 2. Cancer 553,763 22.9

3. Cerebrovascular diseases 163,538 6.8 4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 123,013 5.1 5. Accidents (Unintentional injuries) 101,537 4.2 6. Diabetes mellitus 71,372 3.0 7. Influenza and Pneumonia 62,034 2.6 8. Alzheimer’s disease 53,852 2.2

9. Nephritis – Kidney Disease 39,480 1.6

10. Septicemia 32,238 1.3

Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tape 2001, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003.

Rank Cause of DeathNo. of deaths

% of all deaths

Ranking, number and percentage of deaths for the 10 leading causes, Canada, 2000 and 2009

 2000 2009

rank number % rank number %All causes of death

… 218,062 100.0 ... 238,418 100.0

Total, 10 leading causes of death

... 175,149 80.3 ... 182,139 76.4

Malignant neoplasms (cancer)

1 62,672 28.7 1 71,125 29.8

Diseases of heart (heart disease)

2 55,070 25.3 2 49,271 20.7

Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke)

3 15,576 7.1 3 14,105 5.9

Chronic lower respiratory diseases

4 9,813 4.5 4 10,859 4.6

Accidents (unintentional injuries)

5 8,589 3.9 5 10,250 4.3

Diabetes mellitus (diabetes)

6 6,714 3.1 6 6,923 2.9

Alzheimer's disease

7 5,007 2.3 7 6,281 2.6

Influenza and pneumonia

8 4,966 2.3 8 5,826 2.4

Intentional self-harm (suicide)

9 3,606 1.7 9 3,890 1.6

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis (kidney disease)

10 3,136 1.4 10 3,609 1.5

All other causes

... 42,913 19.7 … 56,279 23.6

Carcinomas – Are cancers of Epithelial Tissues

Sarcomas are cancers of Connective Tissues

APOPTOSIS – Programmed cell death after mutation or getting old

Anaplasia = Cells without maturity and differentiationDysplasia = They don’t look right

In Normal Growth Cells Exhibit “Contact Inhibition” – In other words, when they grow into a neighboring cell, the rate of cell division slows down to an

appropriate level

In cancerous growth, cells lose their Contact Inhibition property, they often release enzymes to digest healthy surrounding tissues to make room for their increased growth

The scientific term for a tumor is “NEOPLASM”

NEO =NEW PLASM =TISSUE

METASTASIS – Moving beyond the original site

Some tumors are not considered to be CANCEROUS. They do not metastasize as they become encapsulated. These are BENIGN tumors. They should still be removed as they deprive the body of nutrients, may cause discomfort and may even lead to death if not caught in time.

A MALIGNANT tumor, a true "cancer," is a much more serious health problem than a benign tumor because cancer cells can spread to distant parts of the body. For example, a melanoma (a cancer of pigmented cells) arising in the skin can have cells that enter the bloodstream and spread to distant organs such as the liver or brain. Cancer cells in the liver would be called metastatic melanoma, not liver cancer. Metastases share the name of the original ("primary") tumor. Melanoma cells growing in the brain or liver can disrupt the functions of these vital organs and so are potentially life threatening

Low Grade tumors are not very aggressive

What stage is it in?

But is it Genetics or Environment?

Most well documented link between cancer and a virus is Cervical Cancer in females. Approximately99.7% of all cervical cancer are causedBy some strain of HPV (Human Papiloma Virus)

So what is the huge breakthrough from a few years ago?

Aged immune system plus more exposure to carcinogens.

Remember one word: CAUTION Changes in bowel or bladder habits. A sore that will not heal. Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or any part of

the body. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing. Obvious change in any wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness.

“Come On! “A” for “a sore”That is a terrible memory device

CAUTION is a nice word but it is a lousy acronym… So I have an even better one

WSBUTIN

Wart or mole - change

Sores that do not heal

Bowel or Bladder habit changes

Unusual bleeding or discharge of fluids

Thickenings or lumps

Indigestion or difficulty swallowing weightlossNagging cough or hoarseness