use of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae

8/17/2019 Use of Beauveria Bassiana and Metarhizium Anisopliae

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Authors: Jorge Toledo, Pablo Liedo, Salvador Flores, Sergio E.

Campos, Antonio Villasenor and Pablo Montoya

Presented By: M. Shoaib Saleem


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Minimize environmental Pollution.

Reduced Chemical contamination of food andenvironment.

Ecological Balance.

Reduce pesticide use.


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Per capita land availability

3


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Problem of food

security

and Climate Change


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GR N R VOLUTION

GR N R VOLUTION

Source : Pakistan Strategy Support Programe


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Bacteria

Fungi

Viruses

ematodes

Attack to Crops

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Food plants of the world are damaged by more than 10,000 species of

insects, 30,000 species of weeds, 100,000 diseases (caused by fungi,

viruses, bacteria and other microbes) and 1000 species of nematodes (Hall,

1995; Dhaliwal

et al., 2007

Insects

Weeds


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Crop production without

pesticide is unimaginable

“ omplete

ban on agrochemicals use in agriculture might

result in 5 reduction in global food production and 4 to 5

times increase in food

pri es”

Nobel Laureate Norman Borlaug


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New form of pesticide

Low residual toxicity

Environmentally safe

Host specific in action


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Active ingredient- Living organisms

Biopesticides are used to control pests, pathogens, and weedsby a variety of means

Microbial biopesticides may include a pathogen or parasite thatinfects the target

Alternatively, they might act as competitors or inducers of plant

host resistance


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Bio means involving life or living

organisms

Biopesticide refers introduction of any

living organism such as microorganism

including bacteria , fungi , nematodes

viruses, protozoa and parasitoids and

predators that controls pests by

biological non-toxic means

e.g.

Trichoderma

sp

., Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria

etc.

All the living organisms, which are cultivated in the laboratory

on large scale used and exploited experimentally for the

control of harmful organisms are called biopesticides.


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Woo et al., 2010

MICROBIAL PESTICIDE

Active ingredient : Microorganism (Fungi, bacteria, virus, nematode etc.)


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Entomopathogenic fungi are fungi that can act

as parasites of insects and kill or seriously disable them

Mode of Action


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•

Grows naturally in soils throughout the world and acts as a parasite on variousarthropod species,

•Causes whi te muscardine disease

• It is being used as a biological insecticide to control a number of pests

such as termites, thrips, whiteflies, aphids and different beetles.


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•grows naturally in soils throughout the world and causes diseasein various insects by acting as a parasitoid.•it was originally isolated from: the beetle Anisoplia austriaca .•It is a micosporic fungus with asexual reproduction,• Hyphomycetes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitoidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisoplia_austriacahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosporic_fungushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosporic_fungushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexual_reproductionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphomyceteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphomyceteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexual_reproductionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosporic_fungushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisoplia_austriacahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitoidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect


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Mexican fruit fly Mediterranean fruit fly

Scientific Name: Anastrepha ludens Kingdom:Animalia

Phylum:Arthropoda

Class:Insecta

Order:Diptera

Family:Tephritidae

Genus:Anastrepha

Species:A. ludens

Scientific Name:Ceratitis capitata Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Arthropoda Class:Insecta Order:Diptera Family:Tephritidae Genus:Ceratitis

Species:C. capitata

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tephritidaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastrephahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tephritidaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceratitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceratitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tephritidaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastrephahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tephritidaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal


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Insects were obtained as larvae and pupae.

Flies were provided with food @ 1:3 sugar,enzymatic yeast and water.

Between 4 to 7 days old males and females werecollected.


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Temperature 26 degree centigrade.

Relative humidity 70 percent.

Photoperiod 12:12 h (L:D).


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The viability of conidia was determined by spread-plating of conidial suspension on SDA plates.

90 percent conidia showed germination tubes.

Metarhizium anisopliae

growing on SDA.

Beauveria bassiana growing

on SDA.


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1% concentration stock solution was prepared.

1 g of conidia diluted in 100 ml sterile distil water.

Glycerin was used as dispersal agent.


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Additional solutions were prepared (forexample: 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001%) for thedifferent bioassays.

For each concentration, including thecontrol, a minimum of 5 replicates weredone.


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To determine the number of conidia in eachsolution, using a hemocytometer.

A concentration series was evaluated (i.e. 0.001,0.003, 0.006, 0.01, 0.06, 0.1, 0.6, 1.0%, and thecontrol).


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Those strains or products that showedpotential for fruit fly control under laboratoryconditions, were selected for field cage tests.


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Insects placed in testtubes, and were placed in arefrigerator at 3 degreecentigrade for 5 minutes.

Cooled flies were thenplaced in Petri dishescontaining conidia and wereshaken for 1 minute.


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The number of mating.

After mating, the flies were placed individually into clearplastic containers with food and water and daily mortality wasrecorded over a period of 20 consecutive days.

Mortality due to direct fungal transmission through matingand indirect transmission due to male-male interactions orcourtship was estimated.


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For Mortality = Abbott correction


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for LC50 = Probit Analysis For LT50 = 95% fiducial limits

For field cage tests = ANOVA


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use of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae

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