use of spiritual healing therapy in relation to race and ethnicity catherine simile, ph.d. and hanyu...
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Use of Spiritual Healing Therapy in Relation to Race
and Ethnicity
Catherine Simile, Ph.D. and Hanyu Ni, Ph.D.
Division of Health Interview Statistics
National Center for Health Statistics
Background
• Increasing trend in the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
• Overall users tend to be women, white, more educated, have higher income and be covered by health insurance
Background--continued
• Reported high use of spiritual healing and prayer as one of these modalities
• Unknown relationship between spiritual healing and prayer and race and ethnicity
Objective
• To examine the utilization of spiritual healing and prayer among US adults in relation to race and ethnicity
Measure of Prayer and Spiritual Healing
• Use in past year
• Self-reported
• One of 12 listed CAM therapies and other
Question
People may also use alternative health care services.
I’d like to ask you about your use of some alternative kinds of therapies and treatments. During the past 12 months have you used...Spiritual healing or prayer?
Other Variables
• Health insurance coverage (y/n)• General health status• Race and Ethnicity• Hispanic• Non-Hispanic White• Non-Hispanic Black
Other Variables-cont’d
• Gender
• Region of the country
• Age
• Education
• Income
• Other sociodemographic characteristics
Statistical analysis:
• Data weighted for population estimates
• Adjusted for non-response
• SUDAAN software used to adjust for cluster sample design
Characteristics of study subjects by race/ethnicity
Characteristic % Hispanic % NH-White % NH-Black
Age
18- 19.1 11.5 15.9
25- 26.1 17.4 22.1
35- 23.3 22.0 23.7
45- 14.3 18.5 16.7
55+ 17.1 30.6 21.6
Female 50.6 51.8 55.6
Characteristics of study subjects by race/ethnicity-cont’d
Characteristic % Hispanic % NH- White % NH-Black
Education
<12 38.8 11.7 20.9
12-15 45.3 53.5 55.9
16+ 15.9 34.9 23.3
Health insurance, yes
66.0 89.8 81.4
Family income
<$ 20,000
24.3 13.7 27.9
Percent of adults who used 13 types of complementary and alternative medicine in the past year: United States, 1999
Modality % 95% C. I.
Spiritual healing or prayer
13.7 13.1-14.2
Herbal medicine 9.6 9.1-10.0
Chiropractic therapy
7.6 7.2 - 7.9
Lifestyle diet 6.9 6.5 - 7.3
Massage therapy 6.4 6.0 - 6.8
Relaxation 5.0 4.7 - 5.4
Homeopathy 3.1 2.9 - 3.3
Percent of adults who used 13 types of complementary and alternative medicine in the past year: United States, 1999-cont’d
Characteristic % 95% C.I.
Imagery 1.7 1.5 - 1.9
Acupuncture 1.4 1.2 - 1.5
Energy 1.1 0.9 - 1.3
Hypnosis 0.5 0.4 - 0.6
Biofeedback 0.5 0.4 - 0.6
Other 0.3 0.2 - 0.3
Percent Using Spiritual Healing or Prayer by Race/Ethnicity
Hisp NH White NH Black
Race/Ethnicity
0
5
10
15
20
Per
cent
Use
Spi
ritu
al H
eali
ng/P
raye
r
Gender
Men Women
Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Per
cent
Use
Spi
ritua
l Hea
ling/
Pra
yer
Hispanic
NH White
NH Black
Region of the Country
Northeast Midwest South West
Region of the Country
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Per
cent
Use
Spi
ritu
al H
eali
ng o
r P
raye
r
Hispanic
NH White
NH Black
Age
A18-24 A25-34 A35-44 A45-54 A ge 55
Age
0
5
10
15
20
25
Per
cent
Use
Spi
ritu
al H
eali
ng/P
raye
r
Hispanic
NH White
NH Black
Education (years)
Y<12 Y12-15 Y ge 16
Education, years
0
5
10
15
20
25
Per
cent
Use
Spi
ritu
al H
eali
ng/P
raye
r
Hispanic
NH White
NH Black
Family Income
Lower Higher
Family Income
0
5
10
15
20
Per
cent
Use
Spi
ritua
l Hea
ling/
Pra
yer
Hispanic
NH White
NH Black
Health Insurance
No Yes
Health Insurance
0
5
10
15
20
Per
cent
Use
Spi
ritua
l Hea
ling/
Pra
yer
Hispanic
NH White
NH Black
Respondent-Reported Health Status
Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor
Respondent--Reported Health Status
5
10
15
20
25
Per
cent
Use
Spi
ritu
al H
eali
ng/P
raye
r
Hisp
NH White
NH Black
Use of Spiritual healing or Prayer in relation to race/ethnicity: Results from logistic regression
Race/ethnicity Odds Ratio 95% CI
Model 1 (unadjusted)
Hispanic 0.44 0.37-0.53
NH-White 0.80 0.70-0.91
NH-Black 1.00 -
Model 2*
(adjusted)
Hispanic 0.51 0.42-0.61
NH-White 0.78 0.68-0.90
*Adjusted for age, gender, health insurance status, education