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User-Centric Office Design

Vinai Kumar

15 May 2010 SaturdayIndian Institute of Interior Design (IIID) New Delhi

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User-Centric Design

User-centricity was always a majordriving concern of the early humans

Which led to the development of

Technologies

enabling ease of work and living

Markets taking the benefit to other humans

Which in turn led to the development of

Engineering professionals

Efficiency, productivity, delivery Business management professionals

Return on investment, profits, moremoney for themselves

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 2Vinai Kumar UCOD

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User-Centric Design

Technologies were developedwithout human userconsideration

by the people who knew (technologists)

What was built had to be sold(business economics)

Which required business professionals

To hard-sell

To earn profits for their employers

RESULT:

The Human User was forgotten

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 3Vinai Kumar UCOD

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User-Centric Design

What human users needin a product or system

Usefulness

Safety and hygiene Ease of use

Pleasure

Wellbeing

Imperative:

We need to understandhuman users

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 4Vinai Kumar UCOD

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User-Centric Design Understanding Users

Understanding users meansunderstanding their:

Activities of living and work

Physical characteristics Psychological characteristics

Communication andexpression

Meanings

We need a knowledge andresource framework tounderstand human users

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 5Vinai Kumar UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge

Ergonomics

Understanding the

relationship between

humans and man-made

environment

Applying this

understanding to:

Productivity of systems

Safety and hygiene

Ease of use

Comfort and wellbeing

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 7Vinai Kumar UCOD

System

Characteristics

Task

Characteristics

User

Characteristics

Environmental

Characteristics

System Behaviour

User Reaction ( + / _ )

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge

Ergonomics Psychological Ergonomics

Senses Design for information

acquisition

Design for sensoryexperience

Perception Information organizational

tendencies

Gestalt laws

Conditioned

responses Cognition

Understanding

Pattern recognition andconstruction

Learning

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 9Vinai Kumar UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge

Ergonomics

Environmental Ergonomics

Lighting

Avoid glare

Contrasts for lightingcentral / peripheral

areas

Climate

Temperature

Humidity Air velocity

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 10Vinai Kumar UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge

Ergonomics

Task analysis (TA)

Types of tasks

Physical

Perceptual Cognitive

Task severity

Duration

Frequency

Criticality

TA is performed to

understand the demands

on the human user

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 11Vinai Kumar UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge

Ergonomics

The twelve principles (Macleod)

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 12Vinai Kumar UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge

UCD Core Knowledge:

Semiotics

Syntactics

Semantics

Pragmatics

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 13Vinai Kumar UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge

UCD Core Knowledge:

Ethnography

Culture

What people actually do

Sociological inferences

Behavioural inferences

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 14Vinai Kumar UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge

UCD Core Knowledge:

Systems Thinking

Multi- and inter-

disciplinary

Addresses the dynamics

and complexities of the

world around us

A method based on

Right side and Left sidebrains

User and Context

analysis

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 15Vinai Kumar UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Process

UCD Process

User and Contextual

Research

Ideation

Modeling & Prototyping

User trials

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 16Vinai Kumar UCOD

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15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi 18Vinai Kumar UCOD