USES AND MODE OF ACTION OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

SEMINAR PRESENTEDBY

ONASANYA, IDOWU FRANCISMATRIC NO: 115042086

SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY(HND II ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY)

SUPERVISED BY: MRS. V.T SANYAOLU

OUTLINE Introduction Objective Uses of activated charcoal General characteristics of activated charcoal Mode of action of activated charcoal Mechanism of absorption Substances absorb by activated charcoal Forms of activated charcoal Mode of Administration Safety of activated charcoal Conclusion Recommendation References

INTRODUCTIONActivated charcoal is a dark grey residue consisting of carbon and ash obtained by slow pyrolysis. (Timber, 2012)

Activated charcoal is not the same as the regular charcoal. Activated charcoal is produced using steam or air at high temperature to oxidize charcoal in a controlled environment. (NHR, 2012)

Activated charcoal can adsorb thousands of its own weight in gases, toxic metals, poisons and other chemicals, thus making them ineffective or harmless. (Thrash et al, 1998)

Today, Activated charcoal has been recommended by the poison control centers of America, including the animal poison control center because of its high value as a universal antidote (Bradberry and Vale, 1995)

OBJECTIVE To discuss the uses and mode of action of

activated charcoal.

USES OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

TREATMENT OF AILMENTS SUCH AS • LIVER CANCER • HEART BURN stomach acid and irritating sub from food• PEPTIC ULCER(stomach acid(gastrin) )• DENTAL INFECTION

TREATMENT OF WOUNDS (INJURY)

ANTIDOTE AGAINST;• POISON (PLANT TOXINS)

• DRUG OVERDOSE (ASPIRIN,PARACETAMOL, COCAINE)

• BEE STING

• SNAKE BITE (VENOM)

WATER PURIFICATION

PLATE 1: Red colobus monkeys eating activated charcoal.

(Struhsaker et al, 1997)

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICSLARGE SURFACE AREA

SMALL PORE SIZE

HIGH ADSORPTION ABILITY

Robert et al, 2012

PLATE 2: MECHANISM FOR ADSORTION IN ACTIVATED CHARCOAL (FRANCIS,2012)

Activated charcoal is subjected to steam and oxygen, small pores are created. This pores are active at trapping chemicals, especially those that are not attracted to water such as organic compound.

MODE OF ACTION OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

MECHANISM OF ABSORPTIONMost xenobiotics are carbon based that

may adhere to carbon compounds by chemical forces.

By supplying a large area of carbon surrounding the xenobiotics, are attracted to the carbon and the xenobiotics bind at a number of sites, effectively sticking to the charcoal.

(American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, 1997)

SUBSTANCES ADSORBED BY ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

Aspirin, Atropine, Chloroquine, Carbon dioxide, Congesprin, Dalmane, Darvon, Dilantin, Gasoline, Hemlock, Imipramine, Iodine, Ipecac, Kerosine, Lead Acetate, Malathion, Mercury, Methylene, Blue, Morphine, Multivitamins, Muscarin, Nacotics, Nacotine, Opium, Parathion, Penicillin, Pesticides, Phenol, Potassium Permanganate, Quinidine, Quinacrine, Radioactive substances, Herbicides. E.t.c

Total Health Newsletter, 1998

FORMS OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

FRANCIS, 2013PLATE 3:

PLATE: 4 ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FOR INDIGESTION

FRANCIS,2013

MODE OF ADMINISTRATION ORAL

TOPICAL

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL GI SYSTEM SHOWING XENOBIOTICS TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Hill Healthcare publication, 1987

When activated charcoal is taken orally, it is dispersed throughout the digestive system, as it passes naturally through the digestive system. Substance are bound to the particles of activated charcoal forming complex.

A large portion of the substance are adsorbed directly from the digestive system or blood vessel surrounding or supporting the digestive system, this process may occur by migration, secretion or diffusion.

PLATE 5:

SAFETY OF ACTIVATED CHARCOALActivated charcoal is simple to use and is a time-

tested natural remedy that has many valuable uses

It has no dangerous side effects or contraindications,

It is a very efficient cleaner of the body when taken orally and it also helps to purify the blood. (Kaufman, 2005)

It is an odourless, tasteless, flavourless, powder but it texture is less appealing. (Medical world news, 1967)

CONCLUSION Activated charcoal is an old natural remedy of

medical proof.

RECOMMENDATIONI join the pediatrician to recommend that

every household should have some activated charcoal in their chest for first aid measure

REFRENCES Richard C. Kaufman, Ph.D. THE UNIVERSAL ANTIDOTE AND DETOXIFIER THAT EXTENDS

LIFE: ACTIVATED , Mega Health Society - July 1989. Thrash, Agatha & Calvin Rx: Charcoal, New Lifestyle Books, 1998. Tom Harrelson (Revised 4/17/08)An Article by HHR's Charles L. Church Published in

Countryside Magazine Donovan (1987) McGraw- Hill Healthcare publication Palatnick W, Tenenbein M. Activated charcoal in the treatment of drug overdose. An

update. Drug Safety 1992;7:3-7.

Bradberry SM, Vale JA. Multiple-dose activated charcoal: a review of relevant clinical studies. Journal of Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology 1995;33:407-416.

Chyka PA, Seger D. Position statement: single-dose activated charcoal. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1997; 35(7):721-741.

Position statement and practice guidelines on the use of multi-dose activated charcoal in the treatment of acute poisoning. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999; 37(6):731-751.

Bond GR. The role of activated charcoal and gastric emptying in gastrointestinal decontamination: a state-of-the-art review. Ann Emerg Med 2002; 39(3):273-286.

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