USHC 2.1 & 2.2USHC-2.1 Summarize the early development of representative government and political rights in the American colonies, including the influence of the British political system, the rule of law and the conflict between the colonial legislatures and the royal governors. (P, H)

USHC-2.2 Explain the impact of the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution on the American colonies and on the world at large. (H, P, E)

Representative Government•The Colonists were use to ruling themselves.

▫During early Colonization Transatlantic travel was very difficult.

▫Later the founding countries only had a monetary interest in the colonies.

•The Enlightenment encouraged the common good.▫Social Contact

Citizens are born with freedom but give up certain freedoms and empower government to maintain order for the good of society (Howard,30-31)

Representation in the Colonies

•House of Burgesses▫2 houses: 1 appointed by the royal

governor and 1 elected by the people•Colonial Governors vs. Colonial

Legislatures▫Governors had royal authority▫Legislatures passed laws, levied taxes, and

set salaries of royal officials•What kinds of tension would this create?

(Howard, 31)

British Interests•Mercantilism

▫Britain wanted to consistently export more than they imported.

▫As long as the British were getting what they wanted from the colonies, they did not get involved in day to day life.

•French and Indian War▫Afraid that the French or Indians would

take over the Ohio River Valley/ Northwest Territory, the British went to war against these groups.

▫The war created large amounts of debt for the British (Howard, 32)

British Interests cont.

•The British needed to protect its economy so they pass the Navigation Acts. ▫These acts prohibited the use of foreign

shipping and trade.•When Americans tried to get around these

acts, the British began to pass tougher laws and additional taxes (Howard, 32-35)

American Response • The more taxes and laws that Britain passed, the

more the Americans resented the British Governors and Troops. ▫Boston Massacre▫Boston Tea Party▫Burning Effigies ▫Tar and Feathering

• First Continental Congress (1774)▫The colonies said because they were not

represented in parliament they should be able to rule themselves.

▫Their goal was a peaceful compromise (Howard,34)

Lexington and Concord (1775)

•British Troops went to confiscate weapons the colonists were storing. Shoots were fired and for all practical purposes begun (Howard, 34)

The Second Continental Congress•Most representatives were for

independence from Great Britain, though many still believed a compromise could be reached.

•After the publication of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, the Congress created the Declaration of Independence (Howard,35 )

Important People in the Revolution• John Locke (1632-1704)

▫Natural Rights Life Liberty Property

▫Eluded to in the Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men …are endowed by their Creator with

certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

(Howard)

Important People in the Revolution• Ben Franklin

▫Renaissance Man▫Pro Independence▫Ambassador to England▫Helped to draft the Declaration of Independence

• Likely change in DOI (Duke)

We hold these truths to be sacred and undeniable

ToWe hold these truths to be self-evident

Important People in the Revolution•John Adams

▫“delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress, he played a leading role in persuading Congress to adopt the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776” (Wikipedia).

Important People in the Revolution•Thomas Jefferson

▫Delegate from Virginia 1st and 2nd Convention▫Primary Writer of the Declaration of Independence

Class work

•Read Pages 30 -38 in your EOCEP Books•Answer Quesitons on pages 32 & 38

Which of the following describes the idea that a government cannot do whatever it wants, but rather is constrained by a set of laws?

A. limited governmentB. classical republicanismC. democracyD. fundamental government

Page 32 EOCEP

Which of the following BEST describes John Locke’s Philosophy of government?A. Because each citizen has certain “natural

rights” it is the duty of government to impose its will regardless of what citizens think.

B. Social contract theory is an outdated philosophy and should be replaced with the idea of classical republicanism.

C. It is the privilege of citizens to replace any government that fails to protect “natural rights” and uphold the common good.

D. Subjects to the Crown are there to serve their king without question.

Page 32 EOCEP

How did the history of British government and the ideas of the Enlightenment affect colonial government?•Both the Enlightenment and British government were based on the Rule of Law. The American colonists wanted the same natural rights as all British subjects including representation.

▫Remember: Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, John Locke

Page 32 EOCEP

Why did conflict often arise between royal governors and colonial legislatures?

•The royal governors’ main duty was to serve the king, while the colonial legislatures’ duty was to serve the colonists. Because of this, the two groups were fighting from opposite sides of the issues. Page 32

EOCEP

Which of the following was not a contributing factor to the start of the American Revolution?

A.British writs of assistanceB.Stamp ActC.Taxation without

representationD.France’s decision to side with

the United states after Saratoga Page 38

EOCEP

Thomas Paine’s contribution to the Revolutionary cause can BEST be described as what?A. Important, because he drafted the document

that proclaimed the US independenceB. Memorable, because he introduced the

phrase, “no taxation without representation!”C. Inspiring, because his writings won many to

the cause of independenceD. Radical, because he led a group of colonists

who dressed as Mohawk Indians and dumped tea in Boston Harbor

Page 38 EOCEP

Which one of the following would Thomas Jefferson have MOST LIKELY considered and “inalienable right?”A. The right to guaranteed

happinessB. The right to take whatever you

wantC. The right to pursue successD. The right to a public education

Page 38 EOCEP

What is “mercantilism,” and how did this philosophy contribute to the start of the American Revolution?•Mercantilism led Britain to want to

consistently export more than they imported in order to make money off of the colonies. When Britain lost money on the colonies because of the French & Indian War, Britain began to pass taxes on the colonies. This created hostile feelings in the colonists and eventually led to revolution. Page 38

EOCEP

What effect has the Declaration of Independence had on the US and the World?

•The main effect of the DOI is that governments around the world have had to recognize the rights of their citizens. Those countries that did recognize the rights of their citizens (such as France) often suffered revolutions of their own.

Page 38 EOCEP

Works Referenced Howard, Kindred, and Devin Pintozzi. Passing the South Carolina U. S.

History and Constitution End of Course Test. Boston: American Book Company, 2006.

"The Hypertext Declaration of Independence." Welcome to Duke University. 28 Jan. 2009 <http://www.duke.edu/eng169s2/group1/lex3/hyprdecl.htm>.

"John Adams -." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 28 Jan. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_adams>.