Prepare Instructional Materials

• Check list of material needed

• Gather media and materials

• Check equipment

• Cue media and put up materials

Prepare Learning Environment

• Provide comfortable seating

• Provide adequate ventilation

• Control temperature

• Provide suitable lighting

• Arrange seating so all can see and hear

Prepare Learners

• Arouse interest and movie

• State purpose

• Present overview of content

• Relate content to previous and future topics

• Explain unfamiliar vocabulary

Proceed with the Lesson

• Give dear instructions• Set a learning tone• Maintain attention• Question• Provide feedback• Make smooth transition

Using Methods : Cooperative Learning

Utilization Guidelines : Cooperative Learning

Cooperative learning refers to a small group of students working to a common goal or task.

Allow student learn from several source, not just from teacher worked in group and works as a team to solve the problem.

Help students realize the advantages of working as a team.

Teach group process to the students.

Learn to facilitate, not dominate and guide instead of director.

Using Methods : DiscoveryUtilization Guidelines : Discovery

Students have to discovery method from actual situation.

They can learn through personal experience and students have to develop and use observation and comparison skill.

Students have to learn to follow to record and explain.

Be prepared for all type of “discoveries”.

Encourage students to share their discoveries thought the experience of discovery.

Constantly encourage and reward to students.

Using Method : Problems solvingUtilization Guidelines : Problem Solving

Students have to analyze problems, collect and interest data.

In the Rainforest researchers scenario, student have to work together as a team.

Clarify the problem when necessary.

Use additional resources and materials when necessary.

Keep group small.

Help students understand the need for generalization.

Using Media Multimedia, including computer software

Utilization Guidelines : Multimedia, including computer software

The lesson’s center in the computer software on the CD-ROM

Students used the software to manage almost everything.

The CD-ROM and computer system allow them to work both collaboratively and indepently.

Use the display technology that is appropriate for number of students.

Install and test all software in advance of presentation.

Run the software from the hard drive rather than from floppy disk.

Encourage students participation through questioning and having students decide next steps.

Using media video Teacher must prepare students for active

viewing of video.

Some of teachers use a videotape to “set the stage”

Check lighting, seating and volume controls before the showing.

Prepare students by reviewing and asking new question.

Stop the videotape at important point

Highlight major point by writing.

PresentationUtilization Presentation

Video and audio tape presentations can be used, it is the main way of presenting new material for covering a specific topic in more detail.

Inform students of purpose of presentation.

Highlight the critical points of presentation.

Make the presentation relevant.

Use variety to maintain attention.

DemonstrationUtilization Demonstration

A demonstration an individual performs a procedure in order to highlight a videotape or CD-ROM

Planning, presentation, and practice are important if you use equipment that you do not use regularly.

Ensure that all can see and hear.

Present in sequential steps.

Allow the audience to practice.

DiscussionUtilization Discussion

The benefit of discussion method is interaction occurs and learning that results from that interaction.

Provide inspiration or motivation before beginning a discussion.

Encourage active participation from each group member.

Questions are needed to stimulate discussion, and prepared beforehand.

Summarize and/or synthesize the different viewpoints.

GraphicsUtilization Graphics

A variety of pictures, drawings, charts, and visuals.

Graphics are available in textbooks and other printed materials, in computer software and multimedia programs, and as separate paper-based visuals.

Use simple materials that every can see.

Provide important aspects of visuals.

Use one visual at a time.

Hold visuals steady.

SlidesUtilization Slide

Slides can show anything from microscopic views of cells to representations of outer space.

Make sure slides are incorrect order.

Darken the room.

Stand facing your class and use a remote control.

Break up long presentation.

Overhead TransparenciesUtilization Overhead Transparencies

The overhead projector is one of the easiest devices to use.

Focus the image so it fills the screen.

Notes key words on the frame of transparency.

Direct viewers’ attention to the important parts.

Shift viewers’ attention back your presentation by switching off the projector.

Display BoardsUtilization Display Boards

Chalkboard Multipurpose boards.

Check the visibility of the board from several positions around the room.

Plan to use the broads.

Print using upper and lowercase.

Do not talk to the broad.

SCENARIO: SPANISH NUMBER TRANSLATIONS

Teacher: Lance Thomas

Class: First-year Spanish class

Method of teaching: games, simulations, drill and practice, tutorial method audio, text and real objects and models.

A tutorial booklet.1. Teaches students by using a tutorial booklet.

2. Provides practice for visual recognition of the number.

3. Students do a short quize.

Media audio1. Listen to an audiotape on which the speaker pronounces numbers in

Spanish.

2. Repeat the numbers.

3. The speakers say the number in random and asks students to answer in English.

GameName of game: Ay Caramba or Oh, my goodness

1. Students stand beside their dask.

2. Teacher picks a student begin with “uno” it means one

3. Students go in order pronouncing the Spanish number in sequence.

4. To make the game interesting, which a number has a “3” in it, student must say “ Ay Caramba”. A student who makes a mistake must sit down.

Media videotape & real objects and models.

1. A teacher lets students watch a videotape about Spanish market.

2. Teacher brings boxes, packages and other food containers labeled in Spanish.

Simulation*** The teacher have to make the supplemented with plastic food

item (meat, vegetable, etc.)1. Students works in pairs and role play a clerk

and a customer.

2. The customer read a grocery list the number of things that they want to buy to the store clerk in Spanish.

3. The clerk gives the number of thing to the customer.

4. The customer accepts the thing when the clerk give the correct number of thing.

Using Methods: GameGames have 3 key attributes

on role-play

1. A clearly defined set of rules that outline how the game will be play.

2. Element of competition or challenge wherein players complete against themselves, against other individuals or against a standard of some type.

Example

Mr.Thomas use “Ay Caramba” (Oh, my goodness) to let his students practice their numbers in Spanish.

Utilization Guidelines: Games

1. Students must have a clear of instructional gold of the game.

2. Students must understand the procedures and rules of the game.

3. The game is so structured so active involvement at the highest possible level for all participants.

4. Include a debriefing or discussion following the game’s conclusion.

5. Make sure the students understand the purpose of game.

Using Methods: SimulationsGive learners the opportunity to interact with these simulations.

Utilization Guidelines: Simulations1. Explain the purpose, procedures, and/or rules for the

simulation.2. Give guidance or direction for students such as questions or

activities.3. Let them play out the rules.4. Teacher provides feedback following the simulation.

Example1. Mr. Thomas use a simulated market to allow students to practice

reading and talking in Spanish.2. This activity is realistic because he uses the models of things (fruit,

vegetable, etc.).

Utilization Guidelines: Drill and Practice

Drill and Practice is the technique for helping individual learners learn basic skill or knowledge.

1. Introduce content before doing the exercise.

2. Use many short drill and practice instead of a

few longer ones. They are both individual and group activity.

3. Students are practicing the correct information or procedures.

Example

Game about counting numbers in Spanish and role play.

Using Methods: TutorialTutorials introduce content to the learner and assess the

learner’s progress.

Utilization Guidelines: Tutorial

1. Present overview.

2. Present content or skills one step at a time.

3. Ask the questions of the student.

4. Plan for varying rates of the completion.

Example

The booklet that is about Spanish numbers from one to twenty. Students can do the exercise for mastering all of numbers.

Using Media: AudioAudio will motivate students to learn.

Utilization Guidelines: Audio

1. Cue the audio material.

2. Make sure all students can neat.

3. Use hand out

4. Use activity

Example

Audio that the speaker pronounces numbers in spanish and students have to repeat.

Using Media: TextTextbooks and other text-base materials such as

found on the Internet.

Utilization Guidelines: Text

1. Students read with objectives or question.

2. Emphasize the use of visual.

3. Check the teacher’s guide

4. Supplement text.

Example

1. The tutorial booklet that teacher gives to students to learn about Spanish numbers.

2. The boxes and packages of food.

Using Media: Real objects and ModelsThe student will learn effectively with the real

objectives and models.

Utilization Guidelines: Real objects and Models

1. Familiarize with the object or model.

2. The object should be enough large.

3. Indicate actual size shape or color of object.

4. Avoid passing a single object.

Example

The actual packages and boxes that containrd food product and plastic models of meats, fruits, vegetable.

It is important to realize that implementing any one instructional method does not exclude other methods.

Choosing one method doesn’t mean that another method may not be equally effective.

Example of combining instructional method and media

Method Example of method

Presentation

Demonstration

- Audiotape

- Tape video

- Video

- Slides

- Use of a

The relationship among practice, confidence, and motivation. If the learning experience is well design and practiced, students’ learning can be measurable and reliable.

The important things that they need to experience are the direct and indirect results of preparation. Opportunities to prepare within the classroom, to use new hardware technologies, to practice for presentation, allow learners to also experience the confidence that comes with presentation.

Summary• Preparation yourself, your material, the environment and the students can all affect the effectiveness of your instruction.

General principles for the correct utilization of all media do exist.1. Becoming familiar and comfortable with the media format.2. Making sure all in the audience can see and hear.3. Emphasizing the relevant of the media4. Highlighting what students should expert to gain from their experience

1. Piyaporn Phunngam 533050510-6

2. Sirilak Khamudom 533050511-4

3. Kanteera Khadee 543050448-64. Chayanee Thaisatuen 543050453-3

5. Darunpon Pimpatchim 543050456-7

6. Wiwantanee Sahathammikachat 543050471-1

TESOL # 2