using satellite observations to assess high resolution ocean...

1 JHRCP WS 13-15 April 2016

HRCP workshop 2016

Hans Bonekamp

EUMETSAT

Using satellite observations to assess high resolution ocean models


Should I have reversed the title of this talk?

<=

Using high resolution ocean

models to assess satellite

observations

=>

Using satellite observations to

assess high resolution ocean

models

I did not !


Session 2: Development of coherent designs and

collaborations for experiments

• Coordination at high level

CGMS (<= atmosphere) CEOS (<= Ocean)

( In-situ: GOOS, EUROGOOS, other regional alliances)

• Coherency in time

Sustainability (Essential Climate Variables, Essential Ocean

Variables)

CEOS Virtual constellations and associated science teams

• “Higher resolution models need higher resolution observations “

will give some important examples with individual missins

• Collaborations for experiments

GODAE ocean view

In addition

• EUMET in service and user requirements

Sentinel-3 and Jason-3 services Marine Data stream

user requirements


Space

-based

baseli

ne

GOS

2015

2020

Increasing importance for Ocean

Uncertain

FY-3E in early morning orbitz


WMO / CGMS <-> CEOS

CGMS Ocean Considerations

• Several coordination areas are well catered for outside CGMS, in particular by CEOS Virtual Constellations

• Encourage the CEOS Virtual Constellations to submit papers to CGMS on relevant operational matters with appropriate recommendations to CGMS

• Strengthen the link to JCOMM, in particular the Cross Cutting Task team on Satellite Data Requirements.

• Ocean is considered explicitly in climate activities and handled by the CEOS-CGMS Joint Working Group, and the increased capabilities of the next generation GEO satellites for ocean applications will also be addressed in this context.

CGMS-42 meeting, 19-23 May 2014, Guangzhou


www.CEOS.org


What can you expect from a CEOS VC?

• Provision of a coordination mechanism to harmonize systems, payloads, data

processing and calibration/validation infrastructures;

• Serving as a programmatic PoC for the global geophysical variable measurement system as a whole, addressing issues which go beyond the individual mission programmes, such as orbit optimisation;

• Establishing and maintaining an international consensus on the structure of the (minimum) constellation that fulfils user needs;

• Supporting and engaging the active user community, structured through the International Science Teams (GHRSST, OSTST, IOCS, IOVWST) assuming that these sciences teams also address the key applications areas.

Generally, VC work is done on “Best Effort” basis.


GOVST-V Beijing 2014

CEOS Ocean Virtual Constellations

Sea Surface Height:

• CEOS Ocean Surface Topography Virtual Constellation (OST-VC)

• Ocean Surface Topography Science Team (OSTST)

Sea Surface Temperature:

• CEOS SST Virtual Constellation (SST-VC)

• Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST)

Ocean Surface Vector Winds:

• CEOS Ocean Surface Vector Winds Virtual Constellation (OSVW-VC)

• International Ocean Vector Winds Science Team (IOVWST)

Ocean Colour:

• CEOS Ocean Colour Radiometry Virtual Constellation (OCR-VC)

• International Ocean Colour Coordination Group (IOCCG), IOCS meetings


Altimetry over the years


15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

CRYOSAT-2 EU

Complementary Nadir Missions

Broad-Coverage Mission

HY-2B CN

HY-2A CN

14 13

Reference Nadir Missions (Non Sun-Synchronous) Jason-2 FR/EU/USA

Launch Date

02/13

Operating Proposed Development

Sentinel-3C EU

Sentinel-3B EU

SWOT USA/FR

Jason-CS-A/Sentine-6-A EU/USA

Feb 2016

Missions Now-Future

Saral/AltiKa FR/Ind

20/08

JCS-B EU/USA

04/10

08/11

HY-2D CN

HY-2C CN

Jason-3 FR/EU/USA

Sentinel-3A EU

Sentinel-3D EU

Compira jp


04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

12 13 14 15 16

CRYOSAT-2 EU

Complementary Nadir Missions

HY-2A CN

03 02

Reference Nadir Missions (Non Sun-Synchronous)

Jason-2 FR/EU/USA

Launch Date

Operating Past Feb 2016

Missions Past-Now

Saral/AltiKa FR/Ind

Jason-1 FR/EU/USA

TOPEX/POSEIDON FR/USA 08/92

ENVISAT EU

ERS-2 EU 04/95

GEOSAT FO USA 02/98

J3 FR/EU/USA

S3A eu

Today’s Alongtrack altimetry technology

Conventional

Low

Resolution

Mode (LRM)

Signal & noise

averaged over

5-7 km radius

footprint

Synthetic

Aperture

Radar (SAR)

Mode –

delayed

doppler

300 m

alongtrack, 5-7

km crosstrack

radius

CR2-SAR

Sentinel-3 (2016)

J-CS (2020)

T/P – Jason

Envisat

SARAL

3

SWOT (Surface Water Ocean Topography) Mission

Mission Architecture

Nadir interf. channels

Main Interf. Left swath

Main Interf. Right swath

87

3 k

m

10-60 km 10-60 km

• Ka-band SAR interferometric (KaRIn) system with 2 swaths, 60 km wide

• Produces heights and co-registered all-weather SAR imagery

• Intrinsic resolution 2 m x 10-70 m grid

• Onboard processor gives 250 m2 grid over oceans

• Interferometry will reduce noise by 1 order of magnitude : 2.4 cm2/cycle/km2

• Use conventional Jason-class altimeter for nadir coverage, radiometer for wet-tropospheric delay, and GPS/Doris/Laser ranging for orbit determination.

• Partnered mission NASA, CNES & CSA & UKSA • Mission life of 3.5 years‏ • 890 km Orbit, 78º Inclination, 21 day repeat • Launch: 2020 9


• EKE calculated from mapped satellite altimetry

• – benchmark for validating HR ocean models


GOVST-V Beijing 2014

Sentinel-6: Continuity of Service for Topography (1)

Global Sea Level Trends Over Past 21+ Years (1992 to 2013)

Promise of an unprecedented 40 years long systematic measurement Great boon for Climate, Sea Level Rise Monitoring

Prime mission objective: Continue high-precision global sea level time series with an error on sea level trend < 1 mm/year

Continuity with past altimeters in the reference series (all operated in LRM)

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 >

TOPEX/POSEIDON France/USA

Jason-1 France/USA

Jason-2 Europe/USA

Jason-3 Europe/USA

Jason-CS A Europe/USA

Jason-CS B Europe/USA

Past Operating Approved Proposed


Interleaved Mode (INTM): LRM + SARM

Slide: 16

Figure 6: Sketch of the Interleaves Mode pulse timing over 12

ms. Red (green) stripes represent generated (received) pulses

(Courtesy NOAA).

LRM

SARM

SARM+LRM


In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

GOES-R (ABI) US

Meteosat-9 (SEVIRI) EU

FY-4 0/A,B,C (China)

Sea Surface Temperature (Geostationary)

GOES-13 (Imager) US-West GOES-14(Imager) US-west

GOES-15 (Imager) US-East

GOES-S (ABI) US

MTSAT-1R (Japan) MTSAT-2 (Japan)

FY-2E FY-2F (China)

MTG-I1 EU MTG-I2 EU

Elektro-L N3 (Russia)


COMS (Korea) COMS 2A/B (Korea)

MTG-S1 EU

Kaplana (India)

Meteosat-11 (SEVIRI) EU Meteosat-10 (SEVIRI) EU

Himawari-8 (Japan) Himawari-9 (Japan)


INSAT-3A (India) INSAT-3D R/S (India)

INSAT-3D (India)


Dual view capability

In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

ERS-2 ATSR-2

Sentinel-3A SLSTR Sentinel-3B SLSTR

POES AVHRR/3 (pm orbit)

AQUA & TERRA (MODIS)

FY-3A

METOP-A

S-NPP (VIIRS) JPSS-1 (VIIRS)

JPSS-2 (VIIRS)

Passive Microwave, Polar & non sun-synchronous Orbiting TRMM

GCOM-W1 (AMSR-2)

FY-3B,C,D (VIRR)

GCOM-W3 (AMSR-2)

FY-3B,C,D (VIRR)

GCOM-W2 (AMSR-2)

Sentinel-3C/D SLSTR

METEOR-M3

Optical (TIR) Polar Orbiting

Sea Surface Temperature (Polar orbiting)

OCEANSAT-3 (TIR) Aquarius SAC/D (NIRST)

ENVISAT AATSR

WindSat

AMSRE

METOP-B (AVHRR/3, IASI) (am orbit)

HY-2B,C,D HY-2A

METOP-C

METEOR-M2 MSU-MR METEOR-M1 MSU-MR

GPM-Core GMI

GCOM-C SGLI

Metop-SG A (METimage, IASI-NG)


Key SST –VC issues

• Redundant capability of passive microwave

radiometers with 6GHz channel is needed (e.g.

continuation of GCOM-W)

• improved drifting buoys. towards high resolution

and higher accuracy SST drifter sensors

(HRSST-2) for satellite SST validation.

• Capacity building : SST dedicated capacity

building in consideration


Surface Winds constellation status


SCA specifications

• Scatterometer specifications: ASCAT

versus SCA

SCA


Observation Principle

• DopSCAT transmits a dual chirp, that is a combination of an up-chirp, and a down-chirp.

• This waveform allows estimating not only the σº but also the Doppler shift of the ocean.

• The ambiguity functions of LFM pulses with opposite chirp rates are skewed in opposite direction, meaning that the introduced delay has an opposite sign.

22

)(rect 2

12exp

2

12exp

)()()(

22 ttτ

BtfπjAt

τ

BtfπjA

tststs

τcc

du

B

τfτ Ds

Ambiguity function up-chirp Ambiguity function down-chirp

Detected IRFs

Cross- correlation


GNSS-Reflectometry: basics

• Signals of opportunity from Global Navigation Satellite Systems e.g GPS, Galileo…

• Global, ubiquitous signals Huge improvement in

space-time sampling

L-band (unaffected by rain) • Small low-cost receivers

Can be accommodated on small satellites or satellites of opportunity to build a constellation of GNSS-R receivers

Measurements of ocean height and ocean surface roughness


Scatterometer constellation status


Addition of RapidSCAT to the constellation – first opportunity to look into

the diurnal cycle, helping to refine the optimum constellation requirement: at

least three missions in sun-synchronous orbit (WMO driven), plus one in non

sun-synchronous orbit to resolve the diurnal cycle to improve inter-calibration

ScatSAT launch and validation expected early 2016 - work on facilitating

data access operationally already ongoing

Updated our CEOS web page

Progress on updating the IDN for ASCAT data sets

IOVWST working groups followed up and with VC participation:

On data formats and standards

On climate data sets – main focus being the integration of Ku- and C-

band winds

On high winds characterisation and validation - workshop coming up in

December 2015

Status and main topics since last VC day


OCR-VC: Mission Overview

SIT Tech. Workshop 2015

EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany

17th-18th September

27

• OCR-VC agencies are fully in support of the GEO Blue Planet Components

• "agency mapping" exercise. Mission planned. Consideration of available, and

planned, international agency assets and resources for OCR cal/val.

• Steps towards implementation of the International Network for Sensor Inter-

comparison and Uncertainty assessment for Ocean Colour Radiometry (INSITU-OCR)

o Vicarious calibration

NOAA continues to fund and sustain MOBY

NASA VCAL Instrument competitive tender

ESA/EUMETSAT studies

o In-situ data base. the format for submissions of in situ data to the agencies. For

example, it would be beneficial to have an interagency standard template.


Copernicus Spce

component


GOVST: Coupled Prediction Task Team

connected/supported by the other TTs

Intercomparison & Validation TT (IV-TT)

Observing System Evaluation TT (OSEval-TT)

Marine Ecosystem Analysis & Prediction TT (IV-TT)

Coupled Prediction TT (IV-TT)

Coastal Ocean & Shelf Sea TT (IV-TT)

Sample key issue: How to use Altimetry Data ?

Data Assimilation TT (DA-TT)

Sentinel3 Geographical Coverage

Image: ESA

Sentinel-3 Ground Track

Image: ESA

high inclination orbit (98.65°):

optimal coverage in high latitudes

Sentinel SRAL ground track patterns

Image: Landsat (Google Earth)

S3A = 104 km S3A + S3B = 52 km

Sentinel-3 Marine Core Products Distribution Product EUMETCa

st ODA Data Centre Timeliness Dissemination Unit size Size per orbit

(GB) (likely compressed sizes)

OLCI L1 EFR NRT Frame (3 min) 21.5

NTC idem idem

OLCI L1 ERR

NRT Full Orbit Daylight (2666 sec)

1.4

NTC idem idem

OLCI L2 WFR NRT, NTC Frame 14.2

OLCI L2 WRR NRT Full Orbit Daylight 0.95

NTC idem idem

SLSTR L1B NRT, NTC Frame (3 min) 29.0

SLSTR L2 WST

NRT Frame (3 min) 0.75

NTC Full orbit: South Pole to South Pole

Idem

SRAL L1B NRT, STC* Full orbit: dump 0.4

NTC *Half Orbit: Pole to Pole idem

SRAL L2 WAT NRT, STC* Full orbit: dump 0.2

NTC *Half Orbit: Pole to Pole idem

http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-3


3. Data Centre: Estimated Data Volume increase

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Vo

lum

e i

n T

era

byte

Data Centre growth (prognosis) related to missions

EPS-SG

MTG-RPR

MTG

S3-RPR

S3

Jason

Metop

MSG

MTP Now:

1,500 TB


Conmclusions and recommendations

• Next decade enhanced capabilities to support HR modelling

• For oceanography, the satellite observing community (under CEOS) becomes more user-driven and coordinated. Engage yourself also as a application science community;

user requirements should have an upward trace to the applications AND science. request detailed information and capability building Support and/or link with Godae Oceanview Support and/or link with Int Science teams

using satellite observations to assess high resolution ocean...

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