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Utilizing Solar Energy in Pakistan

osted on February 17, 2009

led Under >Azfar A. Khan, Economy & Development, Environment, Science and Technology 

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Utilizing Solar Energy in Pakistan : ALL THINGS PAKISTAN

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otal Views: 47931

ir Cdre (R) Azfar A Khan

these days of escalating oil prices, it’s becoming extremely difficult for a common citizen to pay o

onthly electricity bills. The bills keep soaring day by day and there seems to be no respite in

reseeable future. These bills can be reduced by resorting to other methods of generating electricity,

lar being one of them.

his article dwells on the discussion regarding production of electricity through solar means and

scusses a cost-effective strategy to achieve this end.

he photo above shows Solar Panels being used for water extraction in village Rarkou in Nagarpark

ndh

he use of solar energy for the generation of electricity is not something new. Most of the countries a

oing it successfully for decades and their population benefiting through the use of this free resource

ut, to most of the people, it may still look like a mystery. These days, this energy is being utilized to

ght our homes, run fans, provide power to our fridges and microwave ovens, assist in warming our

omes and swimming pools, provide power to our gardens and street lights, run our TVs and comput

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d extract water from the sub-soil for irrigation purposes.

practical example of the use of solar energy could be seen in some villages of Pakistan where each

ouse has been provided with a solar panel that’s sufficient to run an electric fan and two energy savulbs. Prior to this arrangement, the whole village used to be plunged in pitch dark during night. One

ch example is the village with the name of Narian Khorian, some 50 kilometers away from

lamabad, where 100 solar panels have been installed by a local firm, free of cost, to promote the u

solar energy among the masses. Through these panels, the residents of 100 households are enjoyin

ght and fan facilities. Had these panels not been installed, the people living in this area wouldn’t ha

en dreamt of getting this facility for decades as the provision of electricity from the national grid w

far cry due to the difficult terrain and high expenses involved.

layman would normally be interested in knowing as to how electricity could be produced using eneom the sun. Simply put, it can be said that the basic item required to generate this electricity is a so

ll, approximately 2 inches x 1/2 inch in dimension. These cells may be available in other dimensio

well. Some 80 to 100 or even more such cells are pasted on a tampered glass sheet whose dimensi

e generally 1.5 feet x 4 feet. The glass sheet with cells pasted on it and inter-connected, is called a

lar panel. The light from the sun is used to generate electricity through these cells. It may be clari

at it’s the sun’s light and not its heat that produces electricity. The solar cells are called

hotovoltaics (PV); the word Photo meaning light and voltaics electricity. The life of a solar panel i

pproximately 20 to 25 years!

o give you an example of the use of solar energy, you must have noticed solar panels installed on p

ong with the telephone booths on your left hand side while commuting on the Motorway. Each of 

ese telephones is being powered by this panel. A battery is installed beneath each solar panel to sto

ergy for keeping the telephone in operation during night when there’s no sun light. It’s a stand-alon

stem, entirely powered by solar energy. During emergency, the commuters make use of these

lephones and call for help.

o give you another example, if you happen to drive from Rawalpindi (Faizabad) towards Murree on

wly constructed Murree Road, you would see on your right hand side blinking red hazard lightsstalled at the top of each WAPDA pole. Each of these lights is being powered by a stand-alone sola

stem i.e. a solar panel and a battery. Just imagine, how much expensive and full of hassle it would

ve been if solar panels weren’t used for this purpose and these lights were provided normal electric

nnections!

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the photo above, solar panels are visible towards left. These Solar panels are being used for 

oviding electricity to extract water and drip irrigation system. Solar panels are provided by Thard

ural Development Programme (TRDP) where as Micro Drip has provided the drip irrigation in a

agarparkar, Sindh village called Wandhan jo Wandio.

he region of Nevarra, Spain, is generating 70 per cent of its electricity through solar and wind ener

nd, mind you, this region doesn’t have any coal, gas or oil of its own. It’s really a classic example o

aking the best use of renewable energy in any country of the world! But, the question thattomatically crops up one’s mind is: “If it can be done in Spain, why can’t it be done in our country

he answer is a big “Yes”.

will substantiate my statement by presenting you a strategy which, if followed, could be instrument

generating this electricity in the most cost-effective manner. The cost of the solar systems can be

ought down if we go for the manufacture of solar panels in country. Solar panels basically utilize s

lls in their manufacture. . In one panel, approximately, 80 or more solar cells are used, depending

pon the power required and the electric gadgets you want to run utilizing these panels. Each solar ce

sts approximately Rs. 1000 if imported from abroad. These cells would be required in millions or min billions if requirement of the whole country is to be met.

e cannot import such a huge quantity of solar cells from other countries due to financial constraints

o, naturally, there would be no other option but to resort to manufacturing these cells in our own

untry. Once it has been decided in principle to manufacture solar cells in Pakistan, then we would

r three basic requirements i.e. raw material, trained manpower and necessary infrastructure.

he basic raw material (quartz) is available in abundance in the northern areas of our country. But, th

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w material is useless for us as far as its purification and development to a stage where this raw mat

uld be converted into solar cells is concerned. This equipment will have to be imported; but it wou

a one-time investment. One would be surprised to know that this raw material is being utilized by

cal population of Northern areas for raising the walls of their houses in place of bricks as the poor

mpletons don’t know its value. Some of them take it for marble as well!

he other raw material required to manufacture solar cells is silica (sand) which’s in inexhaustible

uantity in River Sindh as water these days is otherwise in less quantity in our rivers. At least we sho

ake use of silica in the manufacture of solar cells. So, to venture into manufacturing of solar panels

oth the raw materials are available.

he other requirement is that of manpower. I have no qualms in making a statement here that we hav

e finest and the most hard-working, skilled manpower available in country. From my personalperience, I could say with conviction that the retired personnel of the defence services who have be

orking on electronics and telecommunication equipment during their service careers would be the b

oice for deployment on the manufacture of solar panels and cells. These people are highly skilled a

sciplined and get retired at an early age. Shaheen Foundation, Islamabad maintains an up-to-date

mputerized record of such personnel who are just a telephone call away. The expertise of such

orkers is not less than any worker deployed in the western countries for such jobs. The only differe

that a European worker of such calibre gets US $ 45 per hour whereas a Pakistani worker, if he is p

per hour (or even less) in his own country would be the happiest man around.

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hile starting manufacturing of solar cells, it would be advisable if we do it in collaboration with a

orld-renowned company as India has done. It had a joint venture for the manufacture of wind turbin

ith a company that has 26000 wind turbines to its credit! This company has a name in wind industry

d its wind turbines are being used the world over! This way, we would lay our hands on the best an

e latest technology in the field of solar energy and our manpower would also be trained through sho

ientation courses as they already possess sound knowledge and strong technical base. By adopting

rategy, the cost of the solar cells is bound to reduce drastically with the result that these “prohibitivstly” solar panels would come within the reach of every citizen and the day wouldn’t be far when

e’d see these panels mounted on each and every roof in each city of the country including the rural

eas. The energy crisis would thus be a history for our citizens.

esently, there’s one and the only one factory manufacturing solar panels in Pakistan which’s locate

attar Industrial Area near Taxila, 1-1/2 hours drive from Islamabad. But, due to various compulsion

s importing these costly cells from abroad at an exorbitant price.

a solar system, apart from solar panels (which include solar cells), tampered glass sheets, batteriesverters (to convert DC electricity into AC) are also used. We have innumerable factories producing

ood batteries in our country; so there’s no problem in their manufacture! Rather, we can go for

aintenance-free batteries! Just augmentation of the manufacturing facilities of the existing factories

quired.

egarding tampered glass, we have many glass manufacturing factories in Pakistan. In this case as w

e’ll have to augment their existing facilities to produce tampered glass of required specifications.

gain, I may mention here that it’s a tampered glass sheet on which solar cells are pasted; this glass

eet with solar cells pasted on it is called a solar panel. Tampered glass is after all glass and nothing

se. Required machinery could be imported and installed in our existing glass manufacturing factori

here’s no need to set up separate, dedicated factories for each item. Let’s make best use of our exist

cilities with a bit of augmentation. This approach would be highly cost-effective!

s far as converter is concerned, we’re already manufacturing thousands of them for our UPS’s whic

e installed in each and every house now, thanks to load shedding!

s generally perceived and is true also that the cost of using solar energy is prohibitively high. But t

mebody should answer my question too: If the cost is really that high, then how Nevarra is coping

ith this high cost? The authorities in Nevarra must have taken some tangible measures to bring the

own, out of which, one could be the manufacture of solar panels including solar cells indigenously.

e use of solar energy was that costly, then Nevarra would have abandoned this initiative long ago. I

ould also like to ask such people: If the cost is that high then why the entire Europe is still making u

this form of energy while the sunshine is very scarce in the European countries. We have to adopt

easures to bring this cost down so that an ordinary Pakistani could purchase this system. And to do

at, all the points are in our favour.

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vesting in a solar electric system has many benefits. It allows you to produce your own electricity w

o noise, no air pollution, and no moving parts. Moreover, this system would never run out of fuel (s

ght), and it will help reduce the amount of greenhouse gasses emitted by coal and natural gas-fired

ower plants. Due to these unique characteristics, solar electric technology has been called “the ultim

ergy source for the 21st century”.

here are countries where people using solar energy have covered the entire roof tops of their housesith solar panels. They’re generating electricity which is meeting, if not full, at least a part of their

ectricity requirements. As the cost of electricity provided by utility companies rises, they would be

mpelled to resort to solar energy in a big way.

some countries, solar systems have become so popular that senior citizens are investing their pens

oney in solar parks. The solar panels in these parks are connected to tracking devices that generate

40% more energy than fixed systems. One solar park is owned by as many as 700 to 800 individua

vestors, each of whom owns one or two large solar panels in that park. The income received from

ese panels adds to their pension amount and is guaranteed to be paid by the utility companies for 25ars. The cost of such panels is substantially reduced with a tax concession from the government. A

e annual income is guaranteed, there is a long waiting list of willing investors.

nother use of solar energy could be in the form of solar cookers. A solar cooker is nothing but a

ncave mirror fixed on a metallic stand. The mirror converges sun’s rays at a focal point through

flection where a utensil is placed that gets heated. I have myself taken tea prepared on a solar cook

st imagine! Six thousand refugee families in Sudan are making use of these cookers successfully.

arlier, the women folk used to go out and bring thorny bushes as fuel for cooking purposes. With th

rival of the solar cookers, this practice has ceased and the forests are also saved. The people living ur hilly areas can emulate their example and use these cookers which might not be costing more tha

s. 1000 each! I may mention here that a solar cooker doesn’t utilize solar cells. It utilizes just the

flection of sun’s rays, and the sun’s rays are free!

o conclude, it can be said that solar energy is one of the most viable options for Pakistan. Even

untries with less sun light are making the best use of this free resource (sun light). We, in Pakistan

en’t short of sun light as sun shines on the entire length and breadth of the country throughout the y

e can make use of this inexhaustible resource and contribute towards meeting the shortfall of 

ectricity. If we don’t do it now, then it would be just a matter of time when oil would be touching $00 a barrel and the World Bank would be pressing us hard to increase the electricity price by 100 %

hen, we would be left with no option but to grab every opportunity to generate electricity from any

ailable source, what-so-ever! We should opt for the manufacture of solar panels including solar cel

-country. For this purpose, we should establish not one but several factories for the manufacture of

lar panels and cells in Pakistan. We have unimaginable quantities of raw material at our disposal an

ur manpower is second to none. With the availability of abundant raw material at throw-away price

e cheapest yet highly skilled technical manpower, the profits that would be accrued is mind bogglin

s said that if enough solar panels using indigenous solar cell are installed and energy efficiencies a

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sured, the home owners can receive a zero power bill!

uthor’s Contact:

uthor can be reached at: azfar44@hotmail.com

hoto Credits:

hotos for this post are courtesy of Saqib from his album Thar and Everywhere.

4 comments posted

omment Pages: « 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 [1]

1.

Anwar says:

February 18th, 2009 4:38 am

Very interesting and informative. My engineering professor (I. H. Shah) was well known in so

energy area and he had worked on several projects funded by NSF to promote solar and biom

energy in Pakistan. In the year 1973 he helped arrange an International Solar Energy seminar

Peshawar University. One of the most popular product of his lab was the solar cooker for coo

in rural areas. He also proved the utility of solar stills for water desalination, absorbers forheating water and biomass gas made from cow dung for running power generators to produce

electricity. There was potential but never exploited as the means of transportation and

communication were not enough to promote them..

Nevertheless, better late than never. It is good to know progress in this area.

Solar cells are still very expensive however recent developments in Australia make it possible

manufacture very cheap solar cells with impure silicon but with good efficiency.

2.

Aqil says:February 18th, 2009 3:06 am

Good article. I also have some questions.

What’s stopping our business community from grabbing this opportunity? Is it some bureaucr

hurdles created by the govt, a lack of initiative on part of our business community, or a

combination of both?

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If someone wants to set up a manufacturing plant in Pakistan, what are the steps one has to go

through in order to get permission from the govt to get started? Are these procedures business

friendly or not? I think someone should write an article on this subject.

3.

Zuhair says:

February 18th, 2009 2:17 am

a very nice intro to solar power…but sir it would be more benefecial if you could give some

addresses in pakistan which will help a novice user like me to installing such a system in my

house.e.g from where i can get these panels in pakistan, and some plans which guide a diy sol

syatem installer like me.

4.

Grants says:

February 18th, 2009 1:35 am

Another use of solar energy could be in the form of solar cookers. A solar cooker is nothing b

concave mirror fixed on a metallic stand. The mirror converges sun•s rays at a focal point

through reflection where a utensil is placed that gets heated.

5.

Asad says:

February 18th, 2009 1:34 am

This article presents too rosy a picture regarding solar energy.

Firstly, you suggest that solar cells should be manufactured locally. Considering the finance

requirements, lack of interest of banks in giving loans without a substantial collateral, and the

political situation, setting up a local manufacturing facility is not really feasible. And let’s fac

all businesses are there to profit. You are suggesting that this nation produce solar cells when

haven’t even been able to set up basic facilities to design and manufacture resistors or even ba

ICs. Solar cell manufacturing isn’t wand waving. You need a supporting industry which is jus

not there.

Also, considering the tax structure in Pakistan, it is almost always cheaper to import the finish

product and selling it rather than importing the mere raw materials and making the product

yourself and then selling it. The government seems to have no interest in developing the local

industry considering its policies and tax structuring.

I am not saying that local companies aren’t making innovative products. To the contrary, ther

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a lot of work going on but it still doesn’t involves manufacturing of solar cells/panels. Rather,

is centered around using solar panels to achieve a particular end. An example of an innovative

product which is relatively unique worldwide and being manufactured by a Pakistani compan

Elektro Control Industries is the solar aviation lamp used at airports. Read more about it at the

link below since I don’t want to digress from the main topic:

http://site.ecipak.com/products/solar-power-altern ate-energy/solar-aviation-light

I know of only one entity “assembling” panels imported from abroad but it is government fun

and as all things government go, their panels are of low quality and more expensive than

importing higher quality panels from abroad. Note the emphasis on “assembling” because no

complete manufacturing is occurring here. It’s just like the automobile industry in Pakistan m

of which imports kits in knocked down form from abroad and merely assembles them here. N

wonder Honda Atlas ( http://www.honda.com.pk/ ) and Indus Motors ( http://www.toyota-ind

com/ ) haven’t introduced hybrids or gas based cars because they aren’t familiar with the conc

of innovation.

I have to admit it made me smile when you mentioned hiring of retired defense personnel.

I would suggest you to factor in the cost of taxes and duties too. It has been my observation th

employees in government institutions and defense forces pretty much have a blind spot with

regards to this which isn’t true for private entrepreneurs and businesses.

Even aside from that a 10% “commissioning fee” will also be demanded by our illustrious

President, aside from those “charged” by other government departments if a large scalemanufacturing facility is launched. :D (and yes, that was mere humor though it does makes on

think…)

By stating “good batteries”, do you mean wet or SLA batteries? I ask, because SLA are far be

than wet ones and they are being imported by various distributors. To my knowledge, facilitie

for manufacturing of good quality SLA batteries is not being done inside Pakistan. Do share i

you have knowledge to the contrary.

About the cost, I am of the opinion that the real barrier is the psychology of the Pakistani marWhen people here pay, they want immediate return while the investment in solar power has

returns distributed over 10-20 years, depending on usage.In the longer run, it is cheaper but th

consumer only sees the upfront cost of it which is considerable. Perhaps a way to bring down

cost would be to split the cost 50-50 between an individual and Wapda. In return, unused pow

generated by the solar panels can be fed back into the grid. Of course, this is contingent upon

millions of people using this scheme to make it viable for Wapda.

6.

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outofband says:

February 18th, 2009 1:21 am

In my opinion there should be some law binding major energy producers to produce a percent

of their production via alternate energy sources. Also the major industrial consumers of 

electricity should be bound by law to use a percentage of their demand via solar or wind energ

instead of using heavy duty diesel-run generators.

The government can also encourage investment in production of electricity via alternate sourcby paying higher per-unit price for the electricity produced by alternate energy sources.

7.

bigtugboat says:

February 18th, 2009 12:30 am

I remember I saw solar panels in use at some point between Phunder and Teru. Even in Lahor

some company was advertising solar panels for domestic use. How I wish we could use this

source of energy for day-to-day needs especially when we have a lot of sunny days. But I alwfear sarkari white elephants would never let such cheap alternate energy sources reach the

common man so easily :(

8.

Ahmad says:

February 17th, 2009 10:16 pm

Nice review. I think it is one area in which this country can be a net exporter of technology, if

play our cards right.

Every year there is a seminar of the “best and brightest” of Pakistan, in which special emphas

placed on eating … oh sorry, developing some thing which can revolutionize Pakistan. The id

was floated by someone inspired by Finland model whose mobile industry has put that countr

on the techno-geographical map.

Hope someone will adopt the proposal in this article.

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