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Differences and Similarities between Latin American and United States Public Education Systems

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Page 1: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Differences and Similarities between

Latin American and United States

Public Education Systems

Page 2: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

QuestionWhen you were in the 5th year of school

(wherever that took place), how was that grade level classified? (primary, elementary, intermediate,

primaria, elemental...)

Page 3: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Structure of education in Spanish-speaking Latin America

•Content and levels are regulated by the Ministry or Department of Education

•Consistent across the country

• Include allowances for special circumstances (rural, disabled, homebound, etc.)

•Most have been fundamentally changed within the last 25 years

Page 4: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Structure of Education Systems

Page 5: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Let's go back to that question:

If your child were in the 5th yearat the same school today, wouldthe classification be the same?

Page 6: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Structure of education in the United States of America

• Federal government determines basic rights (language access, special education, disability access, etc.), provides some funding

• State government determines content, provides some funding

• Individual district (with some varying guidance from the state education agency) determines delivery, environment, extracurricular activities*, provides some funding. In some states, districts may also have some Regional level of oversight.

* Extracurricular competitions are governed by a variety of entities, depending on the type of competition

Page 7: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Districts

•Determine number and type of schools

•Hire teachers and paraprofessionals

•Determine how grade levels will be divided (elementary, intermediate, junior high, etc.)

•Determine what extracurricular activities will be sponsored, subject to state and federal laws

•Determine the school year terms and grading cycles(6 weeks, 9 weeks, trimester/semester, etc.)

Page 8: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

More about Districts…

• Governed by a Superintendent and a Board of Trustees (School Board)

• Trustees (Directors) are elected officials• Superintendent is hired by the Board• Set dress codes and rules for student conduct, subject

to state and federal laws• Establish punishments, subject to federal and state

law• Make safety decisions (such as having police officers

on staff)

Page 9: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Wait……………….we're not done!• Contract special services when necessary

• Coordinate with external organizations to provide SpecialEducation services (eg., local services for the blind)

• May provide classes for parents,particularly for those whosechildren have special needs

• Etc.

….ok now we’re done!

Page 10: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

But keep in mind:

The specific levels of service, the choice to offercertain services, and the manner in which they are delivered vary:

From State to State

From County to County

From District to District

Page 11: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Which means that no matter howmuch you know, there’s probablymore you don’t know about an

school client until you establish a relationship.

Page 12: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Question

In the United States educationsystem, what does a student

have to complete to become a Junior?

Page 13: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Common grade level divisions

•PreK (federal rules apply if free)

•Elementary: grades K-3, sometimes K-4…or 5…or 6

• Intermediate: grades 3-5, 4-6 or 5-6

•Middle: grades 6-8

• Junior High: grades 6-8, 7-8, 7-9

•High School: grades 7-12 or 9-12 or 10-12

•Senior High School: grades 10-12 or 11-12

Page 14: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Where do Freshman,

Sophomore, Junior &

Senior fit in?

Page 15: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Freshman: has completed 30 credit hours

Sophomore: has completed 60 credit hours

Junior: has completed 90 credit hours

Senior: from 91 credit hours through graduation

(So someone who is 10th grade might or might not be a sophomore; if they have enough credits, they might be a junior.)

Page 16: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Let’s talk Special Education

Question

A student is placed in Special Education because he or she has a low IQ – True or False?

Page 17: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

False !!!•Special Ed (aka Special Education, aka SPED) covers

any special service due to:

• intellectual,

• cognitive,

• learning,

•physical,

•emotional,

• language,

•or other challenges

Page 18: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

A few things about Special Ed

•Subject to federal regulations

•Access to federal funding, including Medicaid, to pay for therapy, language access services, equipment and more for low-income families

•Contracts outside services when necessary, such as when the district does not have the necessary personnel (speech therapists, autism specialists, braille instructors, psychologists, etc.

•Coordinates services with outside agencies

Page 19: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Question

What does IEP stand for?

1) Individual, Educator & Parent

2) Interim Exploratory Plan

3) Internal Education Proposal

4) Individualized Education Program

Page 20: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

IEPs (established by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)

•Federally mandated

•Produced by committee (teachers, parent, etc.)

•Parent participation - must agree to the plan

•Meetings and services must be documentated

• If an entity receives federal funds, it must make reasonable efforts to provide language access to LEPs.

Page 21: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

LEPs? Weren’t we talking about IEPs?

Yes, we were. But now let’s talk about LEPs:

Limited English Proficient Individuals.

www.lep.gov

Offers important information about governmentrules on language access for non-English speakers.

Page 22: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Like thiswhole series:

Page 23: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

My favorite:

Page 24: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Why so much focus on Special Education?

Because SPED can require significant support fromtranslators and interpreters.

Page 25: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Other ways schools need us•Medical records when a child becomes ill while

traveling•Academic records when a child enters the district• Letters from parents or guardians• Interpreters are needed for IEP meetings, parent

conferences, parent education sessions, disciplinaryhearings, PTA meetings, interactions with the schoolboard, etc.

Any SPED service might involve documents from animmigrant child's home country (medical records, psychological history, test results, etc.)

Page 26: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

A few terms & buzzwords

•Endorsements or specializations - an increasingtrend in U.S. schools, making students more competitive for trades or universities.

•Magnet or specialized schools/programs - focus onspecific areas, such as Engineering or Dance.

•Vocational vs. college-prep tracks

•AP, Dual Credit - college credit while in High School

Page 27: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Truancy - a legal concept that includes cumulative

absence from schoolwithout permission, that

cannot be excused formedical or other approvedreasons, in a manner that

violates the law.

Title I - low-income (No Child Left Behind)

Title VI - language access (Civil Rights Act)

Section 504 - disability (Rehabilitation Act)

Page 28: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

A very fewSpanish>English pitfalls

•Preparatoria•Secundaria•Colegio•Profesor•Tesis, especialización, técnico en... •Escuela, academia, colegio, liceo, instituto... •Bachiller

Page 29: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Spanish Resources•Ministry or Department of Education website for

the source country

•School websites in the source district or region(check 2 or 3)

•Domain-restricted Google searches

•A simple starting (but not ending) place: Universia(search “universia” “estructura sistema educativo” and the name of the country)

Page 30: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

•Department of Education

•State Departments of Education or Education Agencies

•Title I - low-income (No Child Left Behind)

•Title VI - language access (Civil Rights Act)

•Section 504 - disability (Rehabilitation Act)

English Resources

Page 31: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

To wrap this up…Latin America United States

Price Free Free

Rights National law Federal & state law

Content National State & district

Structure National State & district

Special Ed Most All

Grade levels National District

Page 32: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Latin America United StatesObligatory Yes, but ages Ages 6-18 (19)

vary by countryTruancy Limited EnforcedExtracurriculars Varies by country AllSpecialization Yes Yes, with push

towardoccupationalas alternate tocollege

Page 33: v v ^ ] u ] o ] ] Á v > ] v u ] v v h v ] ^ W µ o ] µ ] } v ^ Ç u · 2018-11-02 · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Mix-and-Match.pptx Author: Carol Created Date: 10/27/2018 10:31:06

Carol [email protected]

Presented at ATA59, October 2018


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