WEB PAGESV203.05

Summer workshop in Guildford County, July, 2014

THE INTERNET The Internet is made up of thousands

of networks spread all over the world. Colleges, companies, governmental agencies, and individuals all develop and maintain their own networks.

Transfer protocols are rules or formats that have been agreed-upon for transmitting data.

Protocols have been established to make sure that all of the varying networks can exchange information over the Internet.

THE INTERNET

THE INTERNET Computers called

servers that are accessible to the World Wide Web are used to store web pages. There are several types of computer servers, for example a file server would be dedicated to storing files, a network server would manage network traffic, and a print server manages one or more printers.

THE INTERNET A web page has a unique address called a

Uniform Resource Locator (URL). If you have access to the Internet and know the URL, you can find and display a specific web page. The pathname specifies the location of the Web page.

THE INTERNET The scheme is the language or protocol used to

access the web. Web pages generally use the http (HyperText Transfer Protocol) scheme.

The path specifies the location of the web page on the web server.

THE INTERNET Web pages are documents

that are formatted in a markup language called HTML (HyperText Markup Language) that supports links to other documents as well as graphics, audio, and video files.

Links or hyperlinks are text or images on a Web page that connect to other pages on the Web.

THE INTERNET A browser or web browser, is

a software application used to locate and display web pages. Currently two of the more popular browsers are Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. Different web browsers display web pages

differently. A web page looks will vary from computer to computer.

Although you can create and view an HTML document on your computer if you have a browser, others will not be able to access it. The document must be uploaded to an Internet server.

THE INTERNET The type of Internet connection that you

have determines how quickly information from the Internet is transferred to and displayed on your computer. Common types of connections include:

Modem -- connects over a telephone line, the slowest connection method, cheapest connection, usual transfer rate of 28 Kbps to 56 Kbps.

THE INTERNET ISDN -- uses a digital telephone line,

transfers at 64 Kbps to 128 Kbps. Cable Modem -- transfers information

using a television cable, speeds up to 3,000 Kbps.

DSL -- uses sophisticated modulation schemes to pack data onto copper wires which offer transfer rates from 1,000 Kbps to 9,000 Kbps.

THE INTERNET Kbps = Kilobytes per second is the

measurement of the speed at which information is transferred.

HTML is a universal language used to create web pages. It is made up of text and HTML tags which allows you to display your page on any computer that has a software browser installed

The HTML source code for any Web page can be accessed by using the “view, source” feature of the browser software. Looking at other peoples’ code is a good way to get ideas (Other peoples’ code should never be copied directly.)

HTML

HTML HTML code is created using

standard text-editing program. The more basic the text editor, the fewer complication are encountered. If you are using a MS Windows operating system, use

the Notepad. When working in Notepad, be aware that the .txt is the default and “all files” should be selected.

If you save the document using a .txt or other word-editor format, it will not be saved as an HTML and cannot be displayed. HTML files must be saved with an .htm or a .html extension to be “seen” by a browser.

HTML

HTML editors are available that will create web pages without actually having to use the HTML coding. As you type, the editor will create the code in the background. Microsoft’s FrontPage and Macromedia’s Dreamweaver are two popular programs that do that type of editing. This unit will not cover editors.

Common methods of creating web page layouts are tables, frames, and cascading style sheets. Only tables are addressed in this basic HTML outline.

HTML Web page structure consists of two basic

parts: it starts with <HTML><HEAD> and ends with </BODY></HTML>. All the information you want to include in your Web page fits in between the <BODY> and </BODY> tags.

White space around the text on the HTML document does not matter. It does not affect how words or images are aligned or arranged on the Web page. Tags control how the final document will look.

<HTML><HEAD>

</BODY>

</HTML>

</BODY>

HTML- TAGS AND ATTRIBUTES A tag is a command inserted into a

document that specifies how the document, or a portion of the document, should be formatted. Tags are enclosed within < > brackets.Some tags (container tags) include

beginnings and endings. Ending tags are preceded by a “/” (slash) (example, </font>.

Some tags (empty tags) stand alone and do not have an ending (i.e. <br>.)

Text within the tags can be upper or lower case, but are not typically mixed.

</BODY></HTML<HTML><HEAD>

HTML- TAGS AND ATTRIBUTES An attribute is used to add additional

information to a tag. For example, when describing a horizontal rule <hr>, the “width” attribute will specify the width of that line either as a percentage of the page or as the number of pixels <hr width = “50%”>.

HTML- TAGS AND ATTRIBUTES Hexadecimal codes are six digit codes used to

specify “web safe” colors. Names for simple colors such as red, blue, green

can be given in place of using the code. Examples of color codes:

aqua = #00FFFFblue = #0000FFlime = #00ff00bright blue = #000090bright green = #009000

Check the Internet or books on HTML for a complete list of color codes.

HTML- TAGS AND ATTRIBUTES Tables are used to control

placement and layout of text and objects in a predictable manner.Before you attempt to create a

complex web page, it’s a really good idea to design the page on a sheet of paper.

The standard width for a table is 600 pixels, which will allow it to be viewed on almost all monitor resolution settings.

HTML- TAGS AND ATTRIBUTES

Figure out how many rows and columns you need. Identify any rows or columns that will span more than one space.

The table may be created with or without visible division lines and borders.

A border “n” attribute can be added to the <table> tag (“n” = number of pixels).

A cellspacing “n” attribute will create space between the cells.

A cellpadding “n” attribute will create space between the contents and the walls of the cell.

HTML- TAGS AND ATTRIBUTES Contents of the cells may be aligned

vertically or horizontally using the align and valign attributes.

Many other cell and table attributes are available for advanced users. Consult any good book on HTML such as Elizabeth Castro’s HTML for the World Wide Web.