va clean cities 800-841-5849. represents the biodiesel industry as the coordinating body for...
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VA Clean Cities
800-841-5849
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Represents the biodiesel industry as the coordinating body for research and development in the United States.
Founded in 1992 by state soybean commodity groups.
Today NBB’s membership is comprised of state, national, and international feedstock and feedstock processor organizations, biodiesel suppliers, fuel marketers and distributors, and technology providers.
www.biodiesel.orgwww.biodiesel.org
The National Biodiesel Board
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Biodiesel’s Current StatusBiodiesel’s Current Status
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Official IRS and EPA definition – goes to fuel quality.
Biodiesel, n. -- a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of ASTM D 6751.
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General Biodiesel ConceptsGeneral Biodiesel Concepts
Biodiesel can be used in any concentration with petroleum-based diesel fuel in existing diesel engines with little or no modification.
Biodiesel is not raw vegetable oil! — Biodiesel must be produced by a
chemical process that removes glycerin from the oil.
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Potential New SourcesPotential New Sources
Brassica Juncea
Low Ricin Castor
Algae
Jatropha
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Biodiesel AttributesBiodiesel Attributes
Blends with petrodiesel in any percentage— Once it is blended it does not
separate back out
Higher Cetane — Over 50 vs. average
petrodiesel around 44
— Smoother, more complete burn
High Flash Point Makes it Safer — Non hazardous shipping
(over 200° F)
Virtually Zero Sulfur— Meets ULSD limits of 15 ppm or
less
Zero Aromatics Reduces Toxicity
Superior Lubricity with ULSD and Reduces Black Smoke (Particulates)
BTU level about 1.8% less at a B20 blend
Potential Cold Flow Concerns
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Lifecycle Analysis
Biodiesel captures and stores energy from the sun - For every unit of energy used in its production, biodiesel returns 4.5 units of energy stored in liquid fuel.
Biodiesel reduces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, by 78% over the life of the fuel’s production.
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Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) & Lubricity
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) & Lubricity
Sulfur compounds are natural lubricants in diesel.
ULSD regulations are causing concerns with diesel engine lubricity performance.
Maximum WSD is 520 microns.
%Biodiesel
Results(microns)
#2 ULSD none 580
B2 278
B5 260
#1 ULSD none 680
B2 380
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Emissions & HealthEmissions & Health
Emission Type B20 B2
Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -20% -2.2%
Carbon Monoxide -12% -1.3%
Particulate Matter -12% -1.3%
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) +/-2% +/-.2%
MSHA (US Department of Labor – Mining Safety and Health Administration) recognizes biodiesel as the least expensive means for reducing underground worker exposure to DPM – this is a direct worker health issue
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MSHA compliance samples, ECMSHA compliance samples, ECEle
men
tal C
arb
on
, EC
, µ
g/m
3
500
400
300
200
100
0
YearYear 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Standard D2 99% Biodiesel
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Biodiesel Use - NationallyBiodiesel Use - Nationally
• Airports• Construction• Schools• Businesses• Underground Mining• State, City, County, and Federal Government• Pro Sports• Colleges/Universities• Utilities
http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/users/
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Case Study: St. Johns Schools, Michigan
Michigan school district has used B20 since 2002
3 million miles on B20
Maintenance records showed fewer oil changes needed and money saved
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Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005 enacted original Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS – 1)— did not contain specific renewable
requirement for diesel fuel just total gallons
— also confined to transportation fuel
Energy Investment and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 (RFS – 2)— created a renewable fuel program
for the diesel pool of at least 1 BGY by 2012 and beyond
— established set criteria for total life-cycle analysis
RFS–1 & RFS–2 BackgroundRFS–1 & RFS–2 Background
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RFS-2 & RINsRFS-2 & RINs
RINs are used to track biofuel consumption in the nation’s fuel supply by ‘obligated parties’ such as Exxon, ConocoPhillips, etc.
RINs, depending upon which category the biofuel is consumed in, has value ($$$)
This value can be used to potentially offset the cost of biodiesel
RFS-2 &
RINs
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RFS-2 and Biodiesel (to 2022)RFS-2 and Biodiesel (to 2022)
Under the proposed RFS2, biodiesel for most non-road uses will be able to generate RINs and now includes non-road, locomotive and marine diesel.
FY 2011 – 800 million gallons of biodiesel required by ‘obligated parties’
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Very Basic Biodiesel Production Process
Very Basic Biodiesel Production Process
(Catalyst: potassium or sodium hydroxide)
100 pounds + 10 pounds = 10 pounds + 100 pounds
Triglyceride Alcohol Glycerin Mono-Alkyl Ester
(Soy oil) (Methanol)
(Biodiesel)
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Biodiesel Production Process – “Real World”
Biodiesel Production Process – “Real World”
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2) Biodiesel and Engine Warranties
3) Performance in Cold Weather
4) Filter Plugging (e.g., High Blends, Bad Biodiesel)
5) Lubricity with ULSD
#1 Concern of Fleet Managers, Operators, Users
= Fuel Quality
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Fuel Quality & StandardsFuel Quality & Standards
Industry-wide Fuel Quality Program BQ-9000 (www.bq-9000.org) Insures for “supply-chain management” (from feedstock
through fuel use)
ASTM Specifications exist for: B5 and lower
B6 to B20
B100 (ASTM D 6751-09)
Performance-based
Standards
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ASTM Specification - D6751ASTM Specification - D6751
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Biodiesel Certificate from a distributor to the final end-user
Biodiesel Certificate from a distributor to the final end-user
“Producer is registered as a biodiesel producer with registration number 2005-000763AB.Producer’s registration has not been suspended or revoked by the Internal Revenue Service.”
Producer certifies that the biodiesel to which this certificate relates is monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from plant or animal matter that meets the requirements of the American Society of Testing and Materials D6751 and the registration requirements for fuels and fuel additives established by EPA under section 211 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545).
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Supply Chain ManagementSupply Chain Management
Preserve the quality of the finished fuel
Hand-offs can cause the “biodiesel ball to be fumbled”
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A voluntary quality system certification program for the North American biodiesel industry
Applies internationally accepted quality management principles
Incorporates fuel specifications
Uses a series of audits to verify adherence to the company’s own quality management system
BQ-9000
www.bq-9000.org
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Case Study: NYC Dept. of Sanitation
Uses biodiesel blends (B5 to B20) in 4,000 vehicles
Garbage trucks pull double duty for snow removal
Dept. requires BQ-9000
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All major U.S. OEMs support at least B5 and lower blends, provided they are made with biodiesel meeting ASTM D 6751
Most OEMs recommending use of BQ-9000
More than 55% of U.S. manufacturers now support B20 or higher blends in at least some of their equipment
Several more OEMs completing testing toward B20 support
http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/oems
OEM Warranty Statements & Biodiesel
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Blend economics (i.e. petroleum prices)
Feedstock availability (i.e. supplies)
Maintaining federal legislation
Sound scientific approach to national and global issues
Consumer confidence
Sustainable Industry Growth
Brassica Juncea