vandamme kotov dumont 2010 alona checklist

5/22/2018 VanDamme Kotov Dumont 2010 Alona Checklist

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Accepted by M. Alonso: 30 Nov. 2009; published: 7 Jan. 2010

ZOOTAXA

ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ISSN1175-5334(online edition)Copyright 2010 Magnolia Press

Zootaxa2330: 163 (2010)www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph

ZOOTAXA

A checklist of names inAlonaBaird 1843

(Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae) and their current status:

an analysis of the taxonomy of a lump genus

KAY VAN DAMME1,3, ALEXEY A. KOTOV2& HENRI J. DUMONT11Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B9000 Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]

2A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.E-mail: [email protected]

3Corresponding author

Magnolia Press

Auckland, New Zealand

2330


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VAN DAMME ET AL.2 Zootaxa2330 2010 Magnolia Press

Kay Van Damme, Alexey A. Kotov & Henri J. DumontA checklist of names inAlonaBaird 1843 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae) and their current status:

an analysis of the taxonomy of a lump genus

(Zootaxa2330)

63 pp.; 30 cm.

7 January 2010

ISBN 978-1-86977-455-4 (paperback)

ISBN 978-1-86977-456-1 (Online edition)

FIRSTPUBLISHED IN2010 BY

Magnolia Press

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2010 Magnolia Press

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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or byany means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproducecopyright material should be directed in writing.This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose

other than private research use.

ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition)

ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition)


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Zootaxa2330 2010 Magnolia Press 3A CHECKLIST OF NAMES INALONA

Table of contents

Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4Materials and methods for analysis..................................................................................................................................... 6Results................................................................................................................................................................................14Taxonomy.......................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Order Anomopoda Sars, 1865 ...........................................................................................................................................14Family Chydoridae Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894 emend. Frey, 1967 .........................................................................14Subfamily Aloninae Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894 emend. Frey, 1967 ........................................................................14Checklist of names inAlona Baird, 1843 sensu lato .........................................................................................................15Original varieties and subspecies inAlona Baird, 1843 (trinomini) ................................................................................47Valid genera separated fromAlona sensu lato since 1843 ................................................................................................48Existing genera to whichAlona species or groups are allocated ...................................................................................... 49Unavailable names ............................................................................................................................................................49Discussion .........................................................................................................................................................................50Discussion of the analysis: towards an increased stability ................................................................................................51Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................................... 53References......................................................................................................................................................................... 53

Abstract

We discuss current progress with the revision ofAlona Baird, 1843 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae), the largestcladoceran lump genus. We present the first inventory of these Aloninae since the 1970s and include an updatedchecklist of names, with comments on the current status and position of each taxon. We discuss validity, affinities andsynonymy of ca. 240 names, including subspecies and varieties. Recent taxonomic shifts have lead to a better delineationof natural groups in the Aloninae but the Alonapuzzle remains incomplete. The majority of taxa are grouped intospecies-complexes or separate genera. We count 14 Aloninae genera, now considered valid, that were split from Alona.The status of a significant portion remains unclear, due to poor original descriptions and/or loss of type material. Evenwith detailed morphological descriptions, the phylogenetic position of many Aloninae remains unsettled. Analysis of

Alona taxonomy based on the checklist shows historical trends and long periods of instability in the systematics of thesemicro-crustaceans.

Key words: Cladocera, Chydoridae, Anomopoda, Aloninae,Alona, checklist, taxonomy, nomenclature, revision


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Introduction

Around the turn of this millennium, the large cladoceran subfamily Aloninae Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894(Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) was under intense revision. Several new genera were created based onmorphology (Chiambeng & Dumont 1999, Dumont & Silva-Briano 2000, Kotov 2000a, Smirnov 2001, Sinev2004a, b, Van Damme et al. 2005, Sinev & Shiel 2008, Van Damme & Dumont 2008a-b, 2009, Van Damme et

al.2009). A number of existing genera were revised on a world scale, accompanied with detailed descriptions(Hudec 2000, Sinev et al. 2005, Van Damme et al. 2003, Kotov 2009). The Aloninae were enriched withplenty of new taxa, in contrast to the second chydorid subfamily, the Chydorinae, where only one genus andfew species were added since 2006, a single species group was partly revised, along with limb morphology ofa few common species (Smirnov 2007, Smirnov et al.2006, Kotov 2008 and Van Damme & Dumont 2007).Our knowledge of the Aloninae has thus improved significantly over two decades.

Despite the efforts, our increased knowledge of biodiversity of the worlds Aloninae was not accompaniedby an inventory of formal taxa. Alonasensu lato forms the bulk of the alonines, yet its size is consideredunnatural (Van Damme & Dumont 2008a). Previous inventories of Alona sensu lato were made, e.g., byBrehm (1933a), Herrick & Turner (1895) and Smirnov (1971). The latter is no doubt the most impressive

work, published almost 40 years ago. Smirnovs contributions have had a major influence on chydoridtaxonomy. Since the 1970s, the family underwent serious changes, most particularly in the Aloninae. Thedevelopments were followed up closely by few specialists, yet continue to escape the eye of most of theCladocera students.

For example, the genusBiapertura Smirnov, 1971, separated by Smirnov (1971) fromAlonaBaird, 1843,as originally defined, is an artificial assemblage (Fryer 1987, Sinev 1999a, Dumont & Silva-Briano 2000).Having a designated type species, it remains an available name if ever species related toAlona affinis(Leydig,1860), would require a separate (sub)genus (Van Damme & Dumont 2008b). The majority of newly createdgenera in the Aloninae include species, earlier regarded as members of eitherAlonaorBiapertura. Attemptsat splitting Alona into a few large genera were unsuccessful and the taxon is now being dismantled intosmaller natural entities until its taxonomy stabilizes (Van Damme & Dumont, 2008a). As with any lumpgenus,Alona species look alike at first glance and the genus had a poor original diagnosis, leading to immenseconfusion from the start. Recently, two major morphological groups were recognized, the Coronatella- and

Hexalona-branches (Van Damme & Dumont 2008b), which facilitates further interpretation. The trajectory ofsome taxa that went from one genus to another can be very complicated and requires thorough literatureresearch. Even different interpretations of the type species of the Aloninae, A. quadrangularis, have causedconfusion (Van Damme & Dumont 2008a).

The aim of this paper is to present an updated inventory of all taxa ever housed in the genus Alona sinceits creation by Baird (1843). We provide comments for each taxon, including data on the types (originallocalities and museum collections) and allocate it to its species group or genus. Our compilation is based ongathering over a decade of information and forms part of a taxonomical revision of the genus. Based on the

list, we provide a formal analysis of history and tendencies of the genus, as a case study in Cladocera.

Abbreviations of the recorded museum collections

AM Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.AZUM Akdeniz University Zoology Museum, Antalya, Turkey.BAU Department of Ecology, Barcelona University, Spain.BGI Biological-Geographical Institute at the Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia.CMN Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada (See also NMNS).DAD Collection Dadayana, the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary.

ECO-CH-ZOO Zoological collection of the Chetumal branch of ECOSUR, Chetumal, Q. Roo, Mexico.DGF Collection of D. G. Frey, Support Center of the Smithsonian Institution Museum of Natural


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History in Suitland, Maryland, U.S.A.GOS Collection of G. O. Sars, Zoological Museum of the Oslo University, Norway.HUZM Zoological Museum of the Hamburg University, Germany.IBUL Institute of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.IHW Institute of Hydrobiology of Academica Sinica, Wuhan, China.IZK Institute of Zoology, Kiev, Ukraine.

IZUR Istituto di Zoologia dellUniversita di Roma, Italy.IZP Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Peking.MGU Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.NHM Natural History Museum (Britisch Museum), London, United Kingdom.NMNS National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Canada (see also CMN).NMO Naturmuseum Olten, Olten, Switzeland (collection of T. Stingelin).MMA Museum voor Midden Afrika, Tervuren, Belgium.MNSM Collection of noninsect invertebrates, Museum of Natural Sciences of Madrid, Spain.PUA Museum of Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.RBINS Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.

SMNH Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.SUG Laboratory of Ecology (now Limnology Unit), Biology Dpt, State University of Ghent,Ghent, Belgium.

UNAM Reference Collection of National Autonomus University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City,Mexico.

USMN U.S. National Museum, New York, USA.USNM The Smithsonian Institution Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.UUZM Zoological Museum at Uppsala University, Sweden.ZIN Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.ZMHU Zoologisches Museum fr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitt, Berlin, Germany.ZMUC Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (i.e. Collection of P. E. Mller).ZSI Zoological Museum of Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, India.

Note on authors names and dates used in the checklist

The use of Sars, 1861 or Sars, 1862 for names can be confusing, different ways appear in literature. Wefollow Sars (1890, 1993) and Frey (1988) for these dates. For example, we use Alona rectangula Sars, 1861(notAlona rectangula Sars, 1862),Alonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861),Rhynchotalona falcata (Sars, 1861),

Alona guttata Sars, 1862. See also comments by Frey (1982) and checklist by Frey in Sars (1993).The date of Kurz's main publication (1874 or 1875) is also confusing; Frey and Sars used both 1874. The

title page of this paper contains information that this is "LXX. Band. I. Abtheilung. Jahrgang 1874. Heft I bisV.", but on the bottom of the same page, the date reads "1875". We understand that the first portion of the 70thvolume of these Proceedings was planned to be published in 1874, but was de factopublished in 1875, so weuse Kurz (1875).

Also different ways of transcribing names of Chinese authors may cause confusion. Smirnov (1971)applied the phonetic transcription of unsimplified Chinese characters used at that time (e.g., Chiang Sieh-chihor Chen Kou-hsiaao). Here, we use pinyin (e.g., Jiang Xie-zhi or Chen Guo-xiao), a system for transliteratingChinese characters into the Roman alphabet adopted officially since 1979. First names are abbreviated in thereferences, listed here in full: Chen G.X. (Chen Guo-xiao or Guoxiao) for Chen Kou-hsiaao; Chen S.Z. (ChenShou-zhung or Shouzhung) for Zhong Chu-Jung; Jiang X.Z. (Jiang Xie-zhi or Xiezhi) for Chiang Sieh-chih;

Shen J.R. (Shen Jia-rui or Jiarui) for Shen Chia-jui; Song D.X. (Song Da-xiang or Daxiang) for Sung Ta-hsiang; Yang J.Z. (Yang Jing-zhu or Jingzhu); Zhang J.F. (Zhang Jia-fu or Jiafu).


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Materials and methods for analysis

Information aboutAlona-like species under consideration is summarized in Table 1. We separated all taxa intoseveral groups according to their status, namely: IS = Incertae Sedis; NN = Nomen Nudum; S =Synonymized; SUP = Suppressed Name; S? = Likely a synonym; V = Valid; NO = Nomen oblitum; V(?) =Good taxon but unresolved issues in nomenclature;

U = Status Unresolved; U(V) = Status unresolved, likely a valid (sub)species; U(S) = Status unresolved,likely a synonym.

TABLE 1.Checklist of available names inAlonaBaird, 1843, current status and their assignment to genus or to speciesgroup. Trinomini included. For levels of description and current status, see under Material and Methods. For revision, nn:revision not necessary. For types, u: type material present, but unassigned, (+): type material listed, but inaccessible. *tobe removed fromAlona.

Names of species,subspecies and varieties inAlona

Orig.Level

Status Allocatedto anothergenus

Revised Types Current higher classification References

abbreviataSars, 1896 L2 S + + u ArmatalonaSinev, 2004 Sinev (2004b)

acanthocercoides(Fischer,1854)

L1 V + + - LeydigiaKurz, 1875 Kurz (1875); Kotov(2009)

aculeataWerestschagin,1911

L1 S + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

acuticostataSars, 1903 L2 U(V) + - u CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Sars (1903), Sinev(2004a), Van Damme& Dumont (2008b)

affinis(Leydig, 1860) L1 V - + - Alona affinis-group Alonso (1996), Sinev(1997; 2009)

africanaDaday, 1908 L2 U(IS) + - - ?gen. nov. 1 (Alonaverrucosa-group)

-

aliensisJiang, 1980 L2 U - - + Unknown Jiang (1980)

alluaudiRichard, 1898 L1 IS - - - Unknown Richard (1898)

alonopsiformisBrehm, 1933 L1 U(IS) + - - gen. nov. 1 (Alona verrucosa-group)

Brehm (1933b)

alsafadiiDumont &Brancelj, 1994

L2 V + + + KarualonaDumont & Silva-Briano, 2000

Dumont & Silva-Briano (2000)

ambigua(Lilljeborg, 1900) L2 V + + + Tretocephala Frey, 1965 Smirnov (1966), Frey(1965b), Alonso(1996), Kotov (2000)

americanaFlner & Frey,1970

L2 V - - + Alona costata-group Flner & Frey (1970)

anglicaHellich, 1874 L1 S - - - Alona guttata-group Smirnov (1971)

angulataBirge, 1879 L1 IS - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971)

angulataWeigold, 1911 L1 IN + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Frey (1988)

angusticaudataHudendorff,1876

L1 S + - - KurziaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Hudec (2000), Kotov(2004)

anodontaDaday, 1905 L2 U - - - Unknown Daday (1905)

archeriSars, 1888 L2 V - + + Alona pulchella-group Sinev (2002b)

archeroidesBrehm, 1933 L2 U - - - Alona costata-group Brehm (1933a)

arcuataHerbst, 1964 L1 IN - - - Alona elegans-group*(Coronatella-branch)

Smirnov (2001)

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TABLE 1.(continued)


Orig.Level



arcuataSars, 1916 L2 U(S) + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Sars (1916), Sinev(2007)

arenariaBrehm, 1933 L1 U - - - Alona pulchella-group Brehm (1933a)

azoricaFrenzel & Alonso,1988

L3 V - nn + Alona pulchella-group Frenzel & Alonso(1988)

bairdiKing, 1853 L1 IS - - - ?AlonopsisSars, 1862 Smirnov (1996a, 1971)

balatonicaDaday, 1895 L1 IS - - - LeydigiaKurz, 1875 Kotov (2009)

barbataBrehm, 1935 L1 U - - - Alona affinis-group Brehm (1935)

barbulataMegard, 1967 L2 V - - + Alona guttata-group Megard, 1967

barroisiMoniez, 1888 L1 IS - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971)

bergiRen, 1992 L2 S - - + Alona guttata-group Ren (1992), Smirnov(2001)

besseiDumont, 1983 L2 V - - + Alona guttata-group Dumont (1983)

beverleyaeSmirnov, 1989 L2 S - + + Alona pulchella-group Smirnov (1989); Sinev(2002b)

bicolorFrey, 1965 L2 V - + + Alona costata-group Frey (1965a), Sinev(2009b)

bolivianaSinev & Coronel,2006

L3 V - nn + Alona quadrangularis-group Sinev & Coronel(2006)

borealisChengalath & Hann,1981

L2 V - - + Alona pulchella-group Chengalath & Hann(1981)

brandorffiSinev &Hollwedel, 2002

L3 V + nn + gen. nov. 1 (Alona verrucosa-group)

Sinev & Hollwedel(2002)

brevicaudataChen, 1991 L2 U(S?) - - (+) ?MarauraSinev & Shiel,

2008

Chen (1991)

broaensisMatsumura-Tundisi & Smirnov, 1984

L2 S - - + Alona dentifera-group*(Coronatella-branch)

Matsumura-Tundisi &Smirnov (1984)

braziliensis(Bergamin,1935)

L1 S - - - Alona dentifera-group*(Coronatella-branch)

Sinev et al. (2004)

bromelicolaSmirnov, 1988 L2 V - + + Alona pulchella-group Sinev (2002a)

bukobensisWeltner, 1897 L2 V(?) + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Van Damme & Dumont(2008b)

camboueide Guerne &Richard, 1893

L2 V - + + Alona pulchella-group Sinev (2001a)

camptocercoidesSchoedler,1862

L1 S + - + OxyurellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Kurz (1875)

cannellataBrehm, 1934 L1 U(V) - - - ?CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

capensisRuhe, 1921 L1 V - - + ?CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

caucasicaShiklejew, 1933 L1 S + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

cheniSinev, 1999 L3 V - - + Alona costata-group Sinev (1999a)

circumfimbriataMegard,1967

L2 V + + + CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Van Damme & Dumont(2008b), Sinev (2009b)

clathrataSars, 1888 L2 U(V?) - - ? Alona guttata-group Sars (1888)

continued next page


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TABLE 1.(continued)


Orig.Level



coronataKurz, 1875 L2 U + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971); VanDamme & Dumont(2008b)

costataSars, 1862 L2 V - + u Alona costata-group Sinev (1999a)

crassicaudaSars, 1916 L2 U(V?) - - ? Alona guttata-group Sars (1916)

davidiRichard, 1895 L1 V + + - LeberisSmirnov, 1989 Sinev et al. (2005)

dentataPE Mller, 1867 L1 S + + + RhynchotalonaNorman, 1903 Frey (1962)

dentataWerestschagin, 1911 L1 IN - - - Alona affinis-group Sinev (1997)

dentifera(Sars, 1901) L2 V - + + Alona dentifera-group*(Coronatella-branch)

Sinev et al. (2004)

dhilloniBattish, 1981 L1 U - - + ?CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Battish (1981)

diaphanaKing, 1853 L2 V + + - LeberisSmirnov, 1989 Sinev et al. (2005)

dilatataStingelin, 1906 L1 S - - - Alona quadrangularis-group Smirnov (1971)duoodonthaHenry, 1922 L2 S + + + ArmatalonaSinev, 2004 Sinev (2004b)

elegansKurz, 1875 L2 V - + - Alona elegans-group*(Coronatella-branch)

Alonso (1996)

elegantulaBrehm, 1933 L1 U - - - Alona affinis-group Brehm (1933b)

ellipticaSinev, 1997 L3 V - nn + Alona affinis-group Sinev (1997)

elongataSars, 1861 L2 V + - u AlonopsisSars, 1862 Smirnov (1965)

esocirostrisSchoedler, 1858 L1 S + - - GraptoleberisSars, 1862 Smirnov (1971)

estonicaMamets, 1958 L1 S - + + Alona costata-group Frey (1965a)

eucostataSars, 1895 L2 V + - u CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Sars (1895); VanDamme & Dumont

(2008b)

eximiaKiser, 1948 L2 V + + + NicsmirnoviusChiambeng &Dumont, 1999

Van Damme et al.(2003), Kotov &Sanoamuang (2004)

fabriciiRen, 1992 L2 S - - + Alona costata-group Ren (1992), Smirnov(2001)

falcata(Sars, 1862) L2 V + + ? RhynchotalonaNorman, 1903 Kurz (1875), Smirnov(1971); Alonso (1996)

fasciculataDaday, 1905 L2 U(V) - - - ?Alona pulchellagroup Smirnov (1971)

fennicaudisKlocke, 1893 L1 S + - - OxyurellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

freyiIdris & Fernando, 1981 L2 V - - + Unknown Idris & Fernando(1981)

gauthieriBrehm, 1934 L1 S + - - OxyurellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

glabraSars, 1901 L2 V - + + Alona pulchella-group Sinev (2001c)

glacialisBirge, 1879 L1 IS - - ? Unknown Smirnov (1971)

globulosaDaday, 1898 L1 V + + + IndialonaRajapaksa &Fernando, 1987

Rajapaksa & Fernando(1987)

grisea(Fischer, 1854) L1 S + - - AlonellaSars, 1862(CHYDORINAE)

Herrick & Turner(1895)

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TABLE 1.(continued)


Orig.Level



gurneyiSmirnov, 2001 L2 S + + + ArmatalonaSinev, 2004 Sinev (2004b)

guttataSars, 1962 L2 V - + u Alona guttata-group Alonso (1996)

hardingiBrehm, 1957 L1 U(V) + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894 Harding (1957); VanDamme & Dumont, inprep.

harpulariaSars, 1916 L1 U(S) + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Sinev (2007), VanDamme & Dumont(2008b)

herbstiSmirnov, 2001 L1 S - - - Alona elegans-group*(Coronatella-branch)

Smirnov (2001)

hercegovinaeBrancelj, 1990 L3 V + + + gen. nov. 2 (Alonahercegovinae-group)

Van Damme & Sinev(in press)

holdeniGreen, 1962 L2 V + + +(synt)

CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Van Damme & Dumont(2008)

hudeciSinev, 1999 L2 V - + + Alona costata-group Hudec (1998), Sinev(1999)

hyalina(Chen & Gao, 1989) L2 S + - (+) LeberisSmirnov, 1989 Chen & Gao (1989)

ibericaAlonso & Pretus,1989

L3 V + + + KarualonaDumont & Silva-Briano, 2000


iheringiRichard, 1895 L2 U(S) + - LeberisSmirnov, 1989 Sinev et al. (2005)

iheringiSars, 1901 L2 IN - + + Alona costata-group Sinev (2001d), Kotov& Sinev (2004)

iheringulaSinev & Kotov,2004

L2-3 V - + + Alona costata-group Kotov & Sinev (2004)

imitatoria(Smirnov, 1989) L2 V + + + ArmatalonaSinev, 2004 Sinev (2004b)

incredibilisSmirnov, 1984 L2 V + + + NicsmirnoviusChiambeng &Dumont

Kotov (2003)

inermisPesta, 1928 L1 S + - - OvalonaVan Damme &Dumont, 2008

Smirnov (1971), Sinev(2004), Van Damme &Dumont (2008b)

inkitiShiklejew, 1929 L1 IS - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971)

inornataHudendorff, 1876 L1 S + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

inovataSmirnov, 2001 L2-3 V - - + Unknown Rey & Vsquez (1986),Smirnov (2001)

inreticulataShen, Song &

Chen, 1964

L2 U - - (+) ?Alona pulchella-group Smirnov (1971)

intermediaSars, 1862 L2 V + - u Alona intermedia-group Alonso (1996)

investisSmirnov & Timms,1983

L2 V - - + Unknown Smirnov & Timms(1983)

karelicaStenroos, 1897 L1 V - - - Alona pulchella-group Flner (2000)

karuaKing, 1853 L2 V + + - KarualonaDumont & Silva-Briano, 2000


kendallensisHenry, 1919 L1 V(?) - + + Alona affinis-group Sinev (1997)

kolweziiVan Damme &Dumont, 2008

L3 V - nn + Alona quadrangularis-group Van Damme & Dumont(2008a)

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TABLE 1.(continued)


Orig.Level



labrosaVasiljeva &Smirnov, 1969

L2 V + + + PhreatalonaVan Damme etal., 2009

Sinev & Kotov (2000),Van Damme et al.(2009)

lacustrisDaday, 1888 L1 IS - - - ?Alona costata-group Smirnov (1971)

ladacensisBrehm, 1936 L1 IS - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971)

laevisHerrick, 1884 L1 IS - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971)

laevissimaSars, 1888 L2 S - - ? Alona pulchella-group Sars (1888); Sinev(2001a)

lapidicolaChengalath &Hann, 1981

L2 V - - + Alona pulchella-group Chengalath & Hann(1981)

lepidaBirge, 1892 L1 U(V?) - - ? Alona quadrangularis-group Birge (1892)

leydigiiSchoedler, 1863 L1 V + + - LeydigiaKurz, 1875 Kurz (1875), Kotov(2009)

leydigiodesBrehm, 1908 L1 IS - - - Unknown Brehm (1933a)

lineata(Fischer, 1854) L1 NN - - - ?CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971), Frey(1988)

lineolata(Sars, 1901) L2 U(V) - - ? Unknown Sars (1901)

lineolataChen & Li, 1991 L2 IN + - (+) gen. nov. 1 (Alona verrucosa-group)

Chen et al. (1993)

longirostris Daday, 1898 L1 V + + + KurziaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Hudec (1999)

longirostrisHenry, 1919 L1 IN - - + Alona affinis-group Smirnov (1971)

longispinaChen & Yang,1989

L2 U(V) - - (+) Alona pulchella-group Cheng & Yang (1989)

macracanthaSmirnov &Timms, 1983 L2 V + + + MarauraSinev & Shiel, 2008 Smirnov & Timms(1983)

macrocopaSars, 1894 L2 V + + + ArmatalonaSinev, 2004 Sinev (2004b)

macronyxDaday, 1898 L1 V - - + Unknown* Rajapaksa & Fernando(1985)

macropsDaday, 1898 L2 V + + + Chydorinae -DadayaSars,1901 (CHYDORINAE)

Sars (1901), Rajapaksa& Fernando (1982b)

macropsMotas andOrghidan, 1948

L1 I - - - Alona quadrangularis-group Smirnov (1971)

macrorhynchaDaday, 1901 L1 S + - + KurziaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

martensiSinev, 2009 L3 V - nn + Alona affinis-group Sinev (2009)

masculaKing, 1853 L1 IS + - - ?AlonopsisSars, 1862 Smirnov (1966a)

mediterraneaYalim, 2005 L3 V + + + Gen. nov. 1 (Alona verrucosa-group)

Yalim & Ciplak (2005)

meridionalis Sinev, 2007 L3 V + nn + OvalonaVan Damme &Dumont, 2008

Sinev (2007), VanDamme & Dumont,2008

microtataHenry, 1922 L1 U - - + ?ArmatalonaSinev, 2004 -

milleriKiser, 1948 L2 V - - + Unknown Kiser (1948)

minorStingelin, 1905 L1 U - - + Unknown Stingelin (1905)

minutaPoggenpol, 1874 L1 S - - - Alona guttata-group Smirnov (1971)

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TABLE 1.(continued)


Orig.Level



modestaHerrick, 1884 L1 IS - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971)

monacanthaSars, 1901 L2 V + + + CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Sinev (2004a)

monieziRichard, 1888 L1 U(S) - - + ?CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Richard (1888)

muelleriRichard, 1897 L1 V + + - KarualonaDumont & Silva-Briano, 2000


muelleriRen, 1992 L2 IN - - + Alona costata-group Ren (1992), Smirnov(2001)

nalibokianaDybowski &Grochowski, 1895

L1 NN - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971)

natalensisSinev, 2008 L3 V - + + Alona costata-group Sinev (2008)

neglectaScott, 1895 L1 S - - - Alona intermedia-group Brehm (1933)

nigraSmirnov, 1996 L2 V - - + ?Alona pulchellagroup Smirnov (1996)

novae-zealandiaeSars, 1904 L2 S + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Van Damme & Dumont(2008)

nuragicaMargaritora, 1971 L2 V - - + Alona pulchella-group Alonso (1996)

oblongaPE Mller, 1868 L1 S - - + Alona affinis-group Smirnov (1971)

orellanaiAlonso, 1996 L2 V - - + Alona elegans-group*(Coronatella-branch)

Alonso (1996)

ornataShiklejew, 1930 L1 IN - - - gen. nov. 1 (Alona verrucosa-group)

Shiklejew (1930),Sinev (2002c)

ornataStingelin, 1895 L1 U - - + Alona affinis-group Sinev (1997)

ossianiSinev, 1998 L3 V(?) - nn + Alona affinis-group Sinev (1998)

ovataBaird, 1850 L1 IS - - + Unknown Baird (1850), Kurz(1875)

ovataRey & Vsquez, 1986 L2-3 IN - - (+) Unknown; Coronatella-branch?

Rey & Vsquez (1986),Smirnov (2001)

parva(Daday, 1905) L1 V + + + ParvalonaVan Damme et al.,2005

Van Damme et al.(2005)

parvulaKurz, 1875 L1 S - - - Alona guttata-group Smirnov (1971)

patagonicaEkman, 1900 L1 U(V?) - - + Alona pulchella-group Ekman (1900)

pectinataElas-Gutterez &Suarez-Morales, 1999

L3 V + + + Gen. nov. 1 (Alona verrucosa-group)

Elas-Gutterez &Suarez-Morales (1999)

phreaticaDumont, 1983 L2 V + + + PhreatalonaVan Damme et

al., 2008

Van Damme et al.

(2008)poppeiRichard, 1897 L1 V + - - CoronatellaDybowski &

Grochowski, 1894Rey & Vsquez (1986)

porrectaBirge, 1879 L1 IS - - - - (male specimen) Smirnov (1971)

protziHartwig, 1900 L1 V + + + PhreatalonaVan Damme etal., 2009


pseudanodontaBrehm, 1933 L1 U(IS) - - - ? gen. nov. 1 (Alonaverrucosa-group)

Brehm (1933b),Smirnov (1971)

pseudopulchraSmirnov,1968

L1 S + - ? Unknown Smirnov (1971)

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TABLE 1.(continued)


Orig.Level



pseudoverrucosa(Smirnov,1971)

L1 S + - - gen. nov. 1 (Alona verrucosa-group)

Smirnov (1971)

pulchellaKing, 1853 L1 V - + - Alona pulchella-group Sinev (2001a)

pulchraHellich, 1874 L1 SUP + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Sinev (2001b)

punctataDaday, 1898 L1 S + - + Alonella(CHYDORINAE) -

pygmaeaSars, 1862 L1 S + - - Chydorinae -Alonella Kurz (1875)

quadrangularis(OF Mller,1776)

L1 V - + - Alona quadrangularis-group Van Damme & Dumont(2008a)

rectangulaSars, 1861 L2 V + + + CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Van Damme & Dumont(2008b)

reiseriSpandl, 1926 L1 S + - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

reticulataBaird, 1843 L1 NO + - + GraptoleberisSars, 1862 Smirnov (1971)

reticulataHartmann, 1917 L1 IN - - - Alona guttata-group -

richardiStingelin, 1895 L1 U(S) + - + CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971); Sinev(2001b)

rigidicaudis(Smirnov, 1971) L2 V - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971),Smirnov & Timms(1983)

rusticaScott, 1895 L1 V - - - Alona costata-group Alonso (1996)

rusticoides(Smirnov &Timms, 1983)

L2 V - - + Unknown Smirnov & Timms(1983)

rusticoidesHudec, 1998 L2 IN - - + Alona costata-group Hudec (1998); Sinev(1999a)

salinaAlonso, 1996 L2 V - - + Alona elegans-group*(Coronatella-branch)

Alonso (1996)

sanguineaPE Mller, 1867 L1 S - - + Alona quadrangularis-group Smirnov (1971)

sarasinorumStingelin, 1900 L1 V - - + Unknown Frey (1991)

sarsiRichard, 1894 L1 IS - - + Unknown Richard (1894)

sculpta(Sars, 1901) L1 S + - + NotoalonaRajapaksa &Fernando, 1987

Rajapaksa & Fernando(1987)

serrataDaday, 1898 L2 U(S) + - - ?CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Megard (1967)

setigeraBrehm, 1931 L1 V - + - Alona costata-group Sinev (1999)

setosocaudataVasiljeva &Smirnov, 1969 L2 V - + + ?Alona quadrangularis-group Sinev & Kotov

setuloidesSmirnov &Timms, 1983

L2 V - - + ?Alona pulchella-group Smirnov & Timms(1983)

setulosaMegard, 1967 L2 V - + + Alona pulchella-group Megard (1967), Sinev(2009b)

shiklejewiBrehm, 1933 L1 S + - - PhreatalonaVan Damme etal., 2009


siamensisSinev &Sanoamuang, 2008

L3 V - nn + Alona dentifera-group(Coronatella-branch)

Sinev & Sanoamuang(2008)

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TABLE 1.(continued)


Orig.Level



similis(Dybowski &Grochowski, 1898)

L1 IS - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971)

simoneiDumont, 1981 L2 V + + + MatralonaVan Damme &Dumont, 2009

Dumont (1981) ; VanDamme & Dumont(2009)

sketiBrancelj, 1992 L3 V + + + gen. nov. 2 (Alonahercegovinae-group)

Van Damme & Sinev(in press)

smirnoviPetkovski &Flner, 1972

L2-3 V + + + PhreatalonaVan Damme,Brancelj & Dumont (2009)


socors(OF Mller, 1785) L1 IS - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971)

spiniferaSchoedler, 1858 L1 S - - + Alona affinis-group Smirnov (1971)

spinulosaLinko, 1900 L1 S - - - Alona guttata-group Smirnov (1971)

stagnalisDaday, 1888 L1 IS - - - Unknown Daday (1888)

stochiBrancelj, 1997 L3 V + + + gen. nov. 2 (Alonahercegovinae-group)

Brancelj (1997), VanDamme & Sinev(2009a).

striolataSars, 1916 L2 U(V) - - - Alona elegans-group(Coronatella-branch)

Sars (1916)

subantarcticaEkman, 1908 L2 U(V) + - + OvalonaVan Damme &Dumont, 2008

Frey (1988), VanDamme & Dumont(2008b)

sulcataSchoedler, 1858 L1 S - - + Alona quadrangularis-group Smirnov (1971)

switezianaDybowski &Grochowski, 1895

L1 NN - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971)

taraporevalaeShirgur &

Naik, 1977

L2 S - - + Unknown Frey (1991)

tenuicaudisSars, 1862 L2 V + + + OxyurellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Dybowski &Grochowski (1894);Alonso (1996)

tenuirostrisHellich, 1874 L1 S - - - KurziaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

testudinariaFischer, 1848 L1 V + + + GraptoleberisSars, 1862 Smirnov (1971)

tovelanaBaldi, 1941 L1 S - - ? Alona affinis-group Smirnov (1971)

trachystriataChen, Zhang &Liu, 1993

L2 U + - (+) CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Chen et al. (1993), VanDamme & Dumont(2008b)

transversaPE Mller, 1867 L1 S + - - AlonellaSars, 1862(CHYDORINAE) Smirnov (1971)

tridentataStingelin, 1905 L1 S + - + CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Frenzel (1987)

truncataSmirnov, 1989 L2 U(V) - - + Unknown Smirnov (1989)

tuberculataHerrick, 1884 L1 IN - - - Alona guttata-group Smirnov (1971)

tuberculataHudendorff,1876

L1 SUP - - - CoronatellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

tuberculataKurz, 1875 L1 S - - - Alona guttata-group Smirnov (1971)

tuberculataMamets, 1958 L1 S - - - Alona costata-group Frey (1965a)

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We used a solidly evaluated system to separate taxa into three levels according to level of description,based on the original descriptions. Examples in Figure 1. L1.Original description may not allow decision onclosest affinities. Figures may be absent. If present, include habitus and/or postabdomen, but these areinsufficient in most details to determine the exact status, yet assignment to a higher taxon may be possible.

Example:Alona cannellataBrehm, 1934 (Fig. 1A) and Alona inkiti Shiklejew, 1929 (Fig. 1B). L2.Originaldescription limited to mainly classical characters, habitus and/or postabdomen, but with importantdiagnostic characters. Taxon can be valid but affinities may be unclear due to lack of limb characters.Examples (Figs 1C-G):Alona clathrataSars, 1888, Alona whiteleggei Sars, 1896 (Fig. 1F). L3.Originaldescription up to modern standards, including limb characters and allowing hypotheses on phylogeneticaffinities. Example:Alona azorica Frenzel & Alonso, 1988 (Fig. 1H).

Using data from Table 1, we conducted a formal analysis of history and tendencies in the taxonomy ofAlona-like species under consideration, constructing accumulation curves for general number of taxa, numberof valid taxa, and number of taxa with level of description L3 + L2-3 (Fig. 2A). All taxa were groupedaccording to time of publication in thirteen 20-year periods (from 1776 to 2009). For each period, we

calculated the general number of described taxa, number of valid [V + U(V)], possibly valid [V(?) + U(V?)],and other taxa (Fig. 2B), as well as number of taxa with level of description L1, L2 and L3 + L2-3 (Fig. 2C).

Results

Taxonomy

Order Anomopoda Sars, 1865

Family ChydoridaeDybowski & Grochowski, 1894 emend. Frey, 1967

Subfamily Aloninae Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894 emend. Frey, 1967

TABLE 1.(continued)


Orig.Level



unguiculataSmirnov, 1989 L2 V - - + ?Alona pulchella-group Smirnov (1989)

vermiculataSmirnov &Timms, 1983

L2 U(V?) + - + LeberisSmirnov, 1989 Sinev et al. (2005)

verrucosaLutz, 1879 L1 SUP - - - Unknown Smirnov (1971)

verrucosaSars, 1901 L2 V + + + gen. nov. 1 (Alona verrucosa-group)


viragoBrehm, 1935 L2 U - - - Alona costata-group Brehm (1935),Smirnov (1971)

wallacianaHenry, 1919 L1 V + - + OxyurellaDybowski &Grochowski, 1894

Smirnov (1971)

weineckiStuder, 1878 L2 V + + - OvalonaVan Damme &Dumont, 2008

Frey (1988), VanDamme & Dumont(2008b)

weltneriKeilhack, 1905 L1 V - - + Alona costata-group Keilhack (1905),

Flner (2000)werestschaginiSinev, 1999 L3 V - nn + Alona guttata-group Sinev (1999b)

whiteleggeiSars, 1896 L2 U(V) - - - Alona affinis-group Sars (1896)

willisi(Smirnov, 1981) L1 V - - + Unknown Smirnov (1981)


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Note on the authorship of the Chydoridae. It is widely accepted that Stebbing (1902) is the author of thefamily Chydoridae (Smirnov 1971, 1996a), hence in all publications, this family is referred to as ChydoridaeStebbing, 1902. However, Dybowski & Grochowski (1894) already created "Grupa Chydorinae Nob.",together with "Grupa Eurycercinae Kurz", "Grupa Acroperinae Nob.", "Grupa Aloninae Nob." and "GrupaPleuroxinae Nob." within the (original) family Lynceidae.Among these, the Eurycercidae is now regarded asa separate family and the Aloninae as a subfamily of the Chydoridae (see Dumont & Silva-Briano 1998).

However, the Chydorinae, as a subfamily of Lynceidae, was also created by Dybowski & Grochowski (1894),its status validated both logically and grammatically (ae) by the authors. Dybowski & Grochowski (1894) didnot assign the type genus in their text, but the type species of the Chydorinae Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894is Chydorus(as "the name-bearing type of a nominal family-group taxon", Article 63 of ICZN 1999). So, theChydorinae (as a subfamily) was typified by Dybowski & Grochowski (1894). Like the Aloninae, which inrecent understanding (Frey 1967, Smirnov 1971, 1996a) includes two goups named by Dybowski &Grochowski, "Grupa Aloninae" and "Grupa Acroperinae", the Chydorinae includes "Grupa Chydorinae" and"Grupa Pleuroxinae" (Monospiluswas transferred from the Chydorinae to Aloninae). The Family Chydoridae,used in Stebbing (1902) must be regarded as a result of raising the Chydorinae Dybowski & Grochowski,1894 to higher rank; this "family-group taxon" has priority over any others, should keep the original authors

and is based on Chydorusas the type genus. Hence, Chydoridae Stebbing, 1902 is a junior homonym ofChydorinae Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894, raised to family level, this is Chydoridae Dybowski &Grochowski, 1894.

Checklist of names inAlona Baird, 1843 sensu lato

abbreviata. Described asAlona abreviataSars, 1896 from Sydney, Australia (Sars 1896), but amended toAlona abbreviata Sars, 1896 (Shiel & Dickson 1995). Material, which is likely from type locality, in GOS(Sinev 2004b). Shiel & Dickson (1995) revised the spelling of the name,The spelling of the species namewith a single b as abreviatain the original description (Sars 1896: 40) appears to be a typographical error, as

it is later spelt (p. 43 text; p. 79 fig. caption) as abbreviata. Listed asBiapertura abreviata bySmirnov &Timms (1983).Junior synonym ofAlona macrocopa Sars, 1894 (Sinev 2004b). Moved toArmatalona Sinev,2004, now known asArmatalona macrocopa (Sars, 1894), see Sinev (2004b). See alsoA. macrocopa Sars,1894.

acanthocercoides.Described asLynceus acanthocercoidesFischer, 1854 on material from EuropeanRussia and Madeira Island (Fischer 1854). Types lost (Kotov 2009). A valid species, now Leydigia(Neoleydigia) acanthocercoides (Fischer, 1854), temporarily housed inAlonaby P. E. Mller (1867). Kurz(1875) removed it fromAlona when creatingLeydigia Kurz, 1875. Both genera,Leydigia andAlona, werefrequently confused due to different interpretations of Lynceus quadrangularis O. F. Mller, 1776. Seecomments onLynceus quadrangularis by Van Damme & Dumont (2008a) and revision ofLeydigia in Kotov

(2009).aculeata. Described asAlona aculeata Werestschagin, 1911 from a few localities in Georgia and the

North Caucasian part of Russia (Werestschagin 1911a). No information on types. Status unclear. According toSmirnov (1971) and Frey (1988), this is a junior synonym ofA. rectangula Sars, 1861, now Coronatellarectangula (Sars, 1861) (Van Damme & Dumont 2008b). In Europe, the situation of the C. rectangula-groupis complicated and needs unraveling. See also A. rectangula Sars, 1861 andA. rectangula var. caucasicaShiklejew, 1933.

acuticostata. Described asAlona acuticostataSars, 1903 from Sumatra (Sars 1903). Material from typelocality in GOS, but no types assigned yet. Detailed morphology unknown. A. acuticostatais related toA.monacantha Sars, 1901 (Sars 1903, Sinev 2004a). As an available name for South East Asian populations of

theAlona monacantha-group, the taxon needs revision based on new material from SE-Asia (Sinev 2004a).Examination of specimens from Thailand suggests that it is a valid species (Van Damme, unp.). TheA.


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monacantha species group does not belong in Alona, but is much closer to, or part of, Coronatella (VanDamme & Dumont 2008b). We prefer to use the new combination Coronatella acuticostata (Sars, 1903)comb. nov.See alsoA. acuticostata var. tridentataStingelin, 1905,A. hardingi Brehm, 1957, A. monacanthaSars, 1901 andA. rectangula Sars, 1861.


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affinis.Described asLynceusaffinis Leydig, 1860 from Friedrichshafen and Langenargen, Bodensee(Lake Constance), Germany(Leydig 1860). Types probably lost. Valid species. Smirnov (1971) selected A.affinisas type species ofBiapertura, an artificial assemblage that was later abandoned (Fryer 1987, Sinev1997, 1999a, Van Damme & Dumont 2008a). The genus name is available should theA. affinis-group everrequire a separate, higher taxon (Van Damme & Dumont 2008a). The species can be regarded for now as

Alona affinis (Leydig, 1860).A. affinis andA. quadrangularis (O.F. Mller, 1776) were easily confused and

sometimes synonymized, but they are definitely different species. European populations are characterized inAlonso (1996) and Sinev (1997, 2009a), the latter with descriptions of limb morphology. Distributed inEurasia, but the group is cosmopolitan:A. affinis has a number of siblings worldwide (e.g., Sinev 1997,2009a). Smirnov listed five subspecies (affinis, ornata elegantula, barbata, dentata) (Smirnov 1971; as

Biapertura). These are regarded as varieties by Sinev (1997), but several may be good taxa. See under the fivesubspecies of Smirnov (1971) listed above and alsoA. affinis vietnamicaDang Ngoc Than, 1980. For siblingsofA. affinis, seeA. elliptica Sinev, 1997,A. ossiani Sinev, 1998,A. kendallensisHenry, 1919,A. longirostrisHenry, 1919,A. martensi Sinev, 2009 andA. whiteleggei Sars, 1896. See also synonymA. oblonga P. E.Mller, 1868.

africana.Described as Alona rectangula var. africanaDaday, 1908 from Lake Malawi (connection with

Mbasi River), Tanzania (Daday 1910). Types lost. Status unclear. Daday (1910) shows an animal with S-shaped postabdomen and short basal spine, both typical for theAlona verrucosa-group and atypical for theAlona rectangula-group (Coronatella),which has a longer basal spine. Several specimens show tuberculatevalves (Daday 1910), also common inA. verrucosa-complex. So,Alona rectangula var. africanamay be anAfrican species of theA. verrucosa-complex. Smirnov (1971) lists it as a synonym of Alona pseudanodontaanodonta Daday, 1905, butA. anodontaDaday, 1905 is from Paraguay; synonymy of an African with aNeotropical chydorid species is now considered as unlikely. See also A. alonopsiformis Brehm, 1933,A.mediterranea Yalim, 2005,A. pseudanodonta Brehm, 1933 andA. verrucosa Sars, 1901.

aliensis.Described asAlona aliensisJiang, 1980 From Ali (Ngari) District, North Xizang Province, Tibet(Jiang 1980). Types in IHW. Status unclear. Only known from the original description. The peculiar, narrowpostabdomen almost resembles a male postabdomen. See also other Chinese Alona taxa,Alona brevicaudataChen, Zhang & Yang 1991,A. hyalina (Chen & Gao, 1989)A. inreticulata Shen, Sung & Chen, 1964 andA.virago Brehm, 1935.

FIGURE 1.Examples of description levels and uncertainties in Alona species. All specimens depicted are adultparthenogenetic females with postabdomen, from the original descriptions. A. Alona cannellata Brehm, 1934, BurkinaFaso. Basic description (L1), which does not allow a decision on affinities at the species level. Status uncertain, likelysituated in the Coronatella-branch. No types exist. B.Alona inkiti Shiklejew, 1929, Abkhazia. Unclear taxon withouttypes and with L1 description, listed as incertae sedis. No types exist. C.Alona milleri Kiser, 1948 from Pearl River,China. Good drawings of habitus and postabdomen (description level L2) and types exist. Not found since itsdescription, yet the species is considered valid due to its peculiar morphology. D. Alona aliensis Jiang, 1980, Tibet. L2description with a peculiar postabdomen (resembles that of a male) and unclear affinities. Types exist but inaccessible. E.

Alona brevicaudataChen, Zhang & Yang, 1991, China. Good description of postabdomen and habitus (L2), suggest thisanimal may belong to Maraura Sinev & Shiel, 2008 and is likely a synonym of A. macracantha Smirnov & Timms,1983. Types exist but are inaccessible. F.Alona whiteleggeiSars, 1896, Australia. L2 description. Drawings anddescriptions by G.O. Sars were meticulously prepared and allow hypotheses on affinities. LikelyA. affinis-group andmay have priority overA. kendallensis Henry, 1922. Types unknown. G.Alona freyi Idris & Fernando, 1981, Malaysia.Valid species with peculiar morphology, well described (L2). Limbs unknown and further affinities unclear, maybe partofMatralona Van Damme & Dumont, 2009. H.Alona azorica Frenzel & Alonso, 1988 from the Azores. Valid species,described in detail, with limb morphology (L3 description). Externally similar to Coronatella, but limbs link it to theA.

pulchella group.


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alluaudi.Described asAlona alluaudiRichard, 1898 from Tenerife, Canary Islands (Richard 1898).Types probably lost, absent in DGF. No drawings exist. The description in Richard (1898) exists of a singleline of text, with main diagnostic character that this is a very large species (1 mm). Nomen nudumin Smirnov(1971). In fact,A. alluaudiis better listed as incerta sedis(instead of a nomen nudum); however short, theauthor did provide a description.

alonopsiformis.Described asAlona alonopsiformis Brehm, 1933 from Dagiangan (Mindanao Island,

Philippines) (Brehm 1933b). No information on types. Status unclear. From the drawings (Brehm 1933b), theanimal seems related to NeotropicalAlona verrucosaSars, 1901. Used for African populations (Dumont et al.1984), but this Indonesian taxonprobably does not occur in Africa. Needs revision on Indonesian material.See alsoA. anodonta Daday, 1905,A. mediterraneaYalim, 2005,A. pseudanodonta Brehm, 1933 and A.verrucosa Sars, 1901.

alsafadii.Described as Alona alsafadi Dumont & Brancelj, 1994 from Yemen (Dumont & Brancelj1994), amended here to alsafadii because the taxon was named after Dr. M. M. Al-Safadi. Holotype inRBINS, paratypes in RBINS, USNM, HNHM, IBUL, SUG. Lives in groundwater. Valid species, allocated toKarualona by Dumont & Silva-Briano (2000), now known as Karualona alsafadii (Dumont & Brancelj,1994). See alsoAlona karua King, 1853.

ambigua.Described asAlonopsis ambigua Lilljeborg, 1901 from Sweden (Lilljeborg 1901). Lectotypeand paralectotype in UUZM. Smirnov (1966a) moved the animal to Alona , but it is part of the genusTretocephalaFrey, 1965, as one of two species, Tretocephala ambigua(Lilljeborg, 1901) and T. colletti(Sars,1895) (Frey 1965b). A valid species, now called Tretocephala ambigua (Lilljeborg, 1901). Morphology ofT.ambigua, including limbs,in Smirnov (1966b), Alonso (1996) and Kotov (2000b).

americana.Described asAlona rustica americana Flssner & Frey, 1970 from Indiana, USA (Flssner &Frey 1970) as one of two subspecies ofA. rustica Scott, 1895 (the other isAlona rustica rustica Scott, 1895).Holotype in NHM, paratypes in NHM, USNM, USMN and USMN. Distributed in the Nearctic. Validsubspecies for North American populations of A. rusticaScott, 1895 (see under this name). See alsoA.bicolor Frey, 1965 andA. rustica Scott, 1895.

anglica.Described asAlona anglica Hellich, 1874 from Bohemia, Czech Republic (Hellich 1874). Noinformation on types. Junior synonym of Alona guttata Sars, 1862 (Herrick & Turner 1895, Smirnov 1971).See alsoA. guttataSars, 1862 andA. parvula Kurz, 1875.

angulata.Described asAlona angulata Birge, 1879 from Cambridge (Massachusetts, USA) (Birge 1879).No information on types. Status unknown. A single figure of the habitus in Birge (1879) does not allowidentification (to genus level), but it is definitely unrelated to Alona Baird, 1843; may even be a member ofthe Chydorinae because of the body shape. Correctly listed as incertae sedisby Smirnov (1971).

angulata-2.Described asAlona rectangula angulata Weigold, 1911 from Saxony, Germany (Weigold1911). No information on types. Synonym ofA. rectangula Sars, 1861 according to Brehm (1933a) and Frey(1988). Listed as nomen nudumin Smirnov (1971). But, any case, it is a primary homonym ofA. angulataBirge, 1879.

angusticaudata.Described asAlona angusticaudataHudendorff, 1876 from Rjasan Area, EuropeanRussia (Hudendorff 1876). No information on types. Junior synonym of Kurzia latissima (Kurz, 1875). SeeHudec (2000) and Kotov (2004).

anodonta.Described asAlona anodontaDaday, 1905 from Paraguay (Daday 1905). Types probably lost,absent in DAD (Forr & Frey 1982). Seems similar toA. verrucosacomplexor Coronatella, with tuberculatevalves but without a proximal denticle on the labral keel (Daday 1905). In the same publication and from thesame samples, Daday (1905) listsAlona verrucosa andA. rectangula, now respectively two genera. Alonaanodonta may belong to either of these genera; Daday (1910) later considered it a synonym ofA. rectangula.Details and status unknown. Smirnov (1971) listsA. anodontaas tuberculate subspecies of Biapertura

pseudoanodonta (Brehm, 1933), both with very different origins. Naming an earlier described taxon

(anodonta) as subspecies of a later described one (pseudoanodonta) was incorrect. These are both likelydifferent taxa, see underpseudoanodonta. Rajapaksa & Fernando (1982a) depict anAlona cf. anodonta from


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Sri Lanka, which clearly belongs to Coronatella.Alona anodontamay be incertae sedisin Coronatella, butthe status of bothA. anodonta andA. pseudoanodonta remains unclear.See alsoA. pseudoanodonta Brehm,1933,A. rectangula var. africana Daday, 1910 andA. verrucosa Sars, 1901.

archeri.Described asAlona archeriSars, 1888 from Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia (Sars 1888),also present in South East Asia. Lectotype and paralectotypes in GOS. Valid species of the Alona pulchella-complex. Redescribed by Sinev (2002b), including limb morphology. See alsoA. beverleyae Smirnov, 1989,

A. laevissima Sars, 1888 andA. pulchella King, 1853.archeroides.Described asAlona archeroides Brehm, 1933 from Sumatra (Toba) and Java (Telaga

Pengilon) (Brehm 1933a). No information on types. Status unknown. Ventral setules on labral keel and shapeof postabdomen suggests this taxon belongs to theAlona costata-group as Brehm (1933a) proposed himself.Found at low pH (5.3 according to Brehm 1933a) and may be related toA. rustica Scott, 1895. Sinev (1999b)listed it as a subspecies ofA. setigera Brehm, 1931. See alsoA. cheni Sinev, 1999,A. costata Sars, 1862,A.setigera Brehm, 1931 andA. rustica Scott, 1895.

arcuata.Described asAlona arcuata Sars, 1916 from Port Elizabeth, South Africa (Sars 1916). Typeslost. Sars (1916) as well as Brehm (1933a) indicated that this might be a form ofA. harpulariaSars, 1916,whileA. arcuata andA. harpularia could be junior synonyms of Alona bukobensisWeltner, 1897, now

Coronatella, yet type material ofA. harpularia is lost (Sinev, 2006). Now named Coronatella arcuata (Sars,1916) and considered an African taxon of the C. rectangula complex with unclear identity (Van Damme &Dumont 2008b). The status of African Coronatella species is confusing, with C. bukobensis the oldestavailable name in the region (Van Damme & Dumont 2008b). The habitus of Coronatella arcuata (Sars,1916) is different, with highly arched dorsum (Sars 1916). See also A. bukobensis Weltner, 1897,A. elegansarcuata Herbst, 1964,A. harpulariaSars, 1916 andA. rectangula Sars, 1861.

arcuata-2. Described asAlona elegans arcuata Herbst, 1964 from Lower Rhine, Krefeld, WesternGermany (Herbst 1964). From the description, this form is likely trueA. elegansKurz, 1875. Invalid name,homonym of South African A. arcuata Sars, 1916 (Smirnov 2001, Marrone et al. 2006). Smirnov (2001)suggestedA. elegans herbsti Smirnov, 2001 as a substitution. SeeA. elegans Kurz, 1875,A. elegans herbstiSmirnov, 2001 and alsoA. arcuata Sars, 1916.

arenaria.Described asAlona arenaria Brehm, 1933 from Bali (Brehm 1933a). No information on types.Related toA. pulchella King, 1853 according to Brehm (1933a), perhaps a synonym. Name refers to dots inthe valves, giving it a grainy (arenaria) appearance, a character common in A. pulchellaKing, 1853 andrelated species. Without comparative material from Bali, we cannot decide on the validity of this taxon, whichmay indeed be a junior synonym ofA. pulchella (e.g., Chiang & Du 1979). See alsoA. pulchella King, 1853.

australis.Described asLeydigia australisSars, 1885 from Queensland, Australia (Sars 1885). Possibletype material in GOS. Regarded asAlonaby Daday (1898). A valid species, calledLeydigia (Neoleydigia)australis Sars, 1885. See Kotov (2009).

azorica.Described asAlona azoricaFrenzel & Alonso, 1988 from the Iberian Peninsula, Baleares andAzores (Frenzel & Alonso 1988). Holotype in HUZM, paratypes in HUZM, NHM, DGF. Valid species of the

Alona pulchella-complex but with the external appearance of a Coronatella (see Van Damme & Dumont2008b). May also have tubercles on the carapace. Detailed drawings, including limbs, in Frenzel & Alonso(1988) and Alonso (1996). Distribution in Frenzel & Alonso (1988). See alsoA. pulchellaKing, 1853.

bairdi.Described asAlona bairdii King, 1853 from New South Wales, Australia (King 1853). We revisethe spelling here, which now readsAlona bairdi King, 1853, because named after W. Baird. Types lost. Statusunclear. Smirnov (1966a) stated that this might be a synonym ofAlonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861), a Europeanspecies (Kubersky 1977). Later, the author listed A. bairdii King, 1853 as incertae sedis(Smirnov 1971,Smirnov & Timms 1983). Figures in King (1853) do not allow a decision on this taxon. Sars (1888) notedsimilarities betweenA. bairdii King, 1853 andA. laevissimaSars, 1888, a member of theA. pulchella group.

balatonica.Described asAlona balatonica Daday, 1888 from Lake Balaton, Hungary (Daday 1888).

Types absent in DAD. Status unclear. Belongs to Leydigia Kurz, 1875 but was forgotten after the originalpublication, even by Daday (Forr & Frey 1982, Kotov 2009). See also two other species in the same


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publication,A. lacustris Daday, 1888 andA. stagnalis Daday, 1888.barbata.Described asAlona affinis var. barbataBrehm, 1935 from Mt Elgon and Mt Kenya, East Africa

(Brehm 1935), later found in Sudan (Sinev 1997). No information on types. The original description was poorand contained only a description of the antennule (Brehm 1935). Long setules on basis of this structure are avaluable character, accompanied by others in which this animal differs from trueA. affinis; it may be aseparate subspecies,Alona affinis barbata Brehm, 1935, or good species, closely related toA. martensi Sinev,

2009 (Van Damme, unpubl.); however, the name A. barba ta has priority if both should be identical.Populations from Eastern Africa (montane areas) are yet to be compared in detail with those from thePalaearctic. See alsoA. affinis (Leydig, 1860) andA. martensiSinev, 2009.

barbulata.Described asAlona barbulataMegard, 1967 from Wyoming, USA (Megard 1967). Types inNHM and DGF. Valid species ofA. guttata-group, distributed in the Nearctic (Megard 1967, Chengalath1987). See alsoA. guttata Sars, 1862.

barroisi. Described asAlona barroisi Moniez, 1888 from the Island of Terceira, Azores (Moniez 1888).Described as small species, with fine striae and a convex dorsum. No information on types and statusunknown.Incertae sedisin Smirnov (1971).

bergi. Described asAlona bergiRen, 1992 from North West Territories in Canada (type locality) and

Greenland (Ren 1992). The author mentions types, but did not inform where they are. Types in ZMUC.Related toAlona guttataSars, 1862 but status unclear. According to Smirnov (2001), A. bergiis a juniorsynonym ofA. guttataand the description is insufficient for a separate species. See alsoA. barbulataMegard,1967,A. clathrata Sars, 1916,A. guttata Sars, 1862 andA. werestschagini Sinev, 1999.

bessei.Described asAlona bessei Dumont, 1983 from Auvergne, France (Dumont 1983). Holotype andparatype in SUG. Valid groundwater species of the Alona guttata-complex (Dumont 1983). Sinev (2008)classifies A. besseiunder theA. costata-complex due to the transverse lateral head pores. Examination oftypes at SUG suggests that it is closer toA. guttata Sars, 1862. See alsoA. costata Sars, 1862,A. guttata Sars,1862 andA. rustica Scott, 1895.

beverleyae.Described asAlona beverleyaeSmirnov, 1989 from Queensland, Australia (Smirnov 1989).Type in AM. Junior synonym of Alona archeri Sars, 1888 according to Sinev (2002b). See alsoA. archeriSars, 1888,A. archeroides Brehm, 1933 andA. pulchella King, 1853.

bicolor.Described asAlona bicolorFrey, 1965 from Massachusetts, USA (Frey 1965a). Nearctic.Holotype in NHM, paratypes in NHM and DGF. Valid species related toAlona rusticaScott, 1895 of theA.costata-group. In North America, the closest relative is A. rustica americana Flssner & Frey, 1970.Morphology described in Frey (1965a) and Sinev (2009b). See alsoA. iheringula Kotov & Sinev, 2004,A.rustica Scott, 1895,Alona rustica americana Flner & Frey, 1970.

boliviana.Described asAlona boliviana Sinev & Coronel, 2006 from the High Andes, Bolivia (Sinev &Coronel 2006). Holotype and paratypes in MGU. One of three valid species of the A. quadrangularis-complex. Detailed description in Sinev & Coronel (2006), notes on affinities in Van Damme & Dumont(2008a). See alsoA. quadrangularis (O.F. Mller, 1776) andA. kolwezii Van Damme & Dumont, 2008.

borealis. Described asAlona borealis Chengalath & Hann, 1981 from Trappers Lake, Prince AlbertNational Park, Saskatchewan, Canada (Chengalath & Hann 1981). Holotype in NMNS, paratypes in NHM,USNM, DGF, NMNS. Valid species. Sibling species of A. lapidicola Chengalath & Hann, 1981, bothwidespread in Canada (Chengalath 1987). Related to North AmericanA. setulosaMegard, 1967 (Chengalath& Hann 1981). If so, this species belongs to theA. pulchella-group, but fine morphology (limb characters) of

A. borealis unknown. See also A. lapidicolaChengalath & Hann, 1981, A. pulchella King, 1853 and A.setulosa Megard, 1967.

brandorffi.Described asAlona brandorffi Sinev & Hollwedel, 2002 from Boa Vista, Brazil (Sinev &Hollwedel 2002). Holotype in INPA, paratypes in INPA, MGU and ZMHU. Valid species related to A.verrucosa, complete description in Sinev & Hollwedel (2002). TheA. verrucosa-complex will be allocated to

a separate genus (Gen.nov. 1). See alsoA. verrucosa Sars, 1901.braziliensis.Described asAlonella brazilienis Bergamin, 1935fromSo Paulo, Brazil (Bergamin 1935).


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No information on types. Junior synonym ofAlona dentifera(Sars, 1901), redescribed inSinev et al. (2004).The latter belongs to the Coronatella branch and needs removal fromAlona(Van Damme & Dumont 2008b).See alsoA. broaensis Matsumura-Tundisi & Smirnov, 1984,A. dentifera (Sars, 1901) andA. siamensis Sinev& Sanoamuang, 2008.

brevicaudata.Described asAlona brevicaudata Chen, Zhang & Yang, 1991 from Jialingjiang River(Hechuan, Chongqing), Sichuan Province, China (Chen et al. 1991). Types in IHW. Good drawings in Chen et

al. (1991) show a postabdomen that is short and wide, which does not fit the majorAlona groups. In addition,the animal has a remarkably large ocellus and a long basal spine. These characters remind most of Alonamacracantha Sars, 1894, now placed inMarauraSinev & Shiel, 2008 (see Sinev & Shiel 2008). It may be a

junior synonym of the latter, or a separate (Chinese) species of the genus Maraura. Deeper affinities areunclear. See alsoA. macracantha Smirnov & Timms, 1983.

broaensis. Described asAlona broaensis Matsumura-Tundisi & Smirnov, 1984 from Broa Reservoir,Brazil (Matsumura-Tundisi & Smirnov 1984). Holotype in MGU. We list it here as a junior synonym of A.dentifera(Sars, 1901) (see Sinevet al. 2004 for latter taxon). Shape of the rostrum and IDL setulation in thedescription ofA. broaensisdifferand more information should be collected on its morphology (Sinev,pers.comm.)A. dentifera belongs in the Coronatella-branch and needs removal fromAlona(Van Damme &

Dumont 2008b). See alsoA. brazilienis Bergamin, 1935andA. dentifera (Sars, 1901).bromelicola.Described asAlona bromelicola Smirnov, 1988 from Nicaragua, Central America (Smirnov1988). Holotype in MGU, paratypes in MGU, NHM and GOS. Valid species of theAlona pulchella-complex,redescribed in detail by Sinev (2002a). Lives in bromeliads and is similar to A. karelica, with a small basalspine on the postabdominal claw (Smirnov 1988). See also A. pulchellaKing, 1853,A. karelica Stenroos,1897 andA. glabra Sars, 1901.

bukobensis.Described asAlona bukobensis Weltner, 1897 from Bukoba, Lake Victoria, Uganda (Weltner1897). No information on types. Likely widespread in Africa (Van Damme & Dumont 2008b). Now regardedas Coronatella bukobensis (Weltner, 1897), African member of the C. rectangulagroup. Likely a validspecies, but the animal needs redescription in comparison with true C. rectangula and its status is unclear.Confused with Coronatella anemae Van Damme & Dumont, 2008 in Northern Africa, but C. bukobensis islikely smaller, with typical C. rectangula appearance (Van Damme & Dumont 2008b). As in Europe, thetaxonomy for the C. rectangula-complex in Africa is confused.A. bukobensis has priority over two SouthAfrican taxa:A. harpularia Sars, 1916 andA. arcuataSars, 1916. The latter may be junior synonyms (Sinev2006) or separate (sub)species, but belong to Coronatella, notAlona. Notes on identity, confusion and somecharacters in Van Damme & Dumont (2008b).See Sars (1916) and Sinev (2006). See alsoA. arcuata Sars,1916,A. hardingi Brehm, 1957,A. harpularia Sars, 1916 andA. rectangula Sars, 1861.

cambouei.Described asAlona camboueide Guerne & Richard, 1893 from Antananarivo, Madagascar (deGuerne & Richard 1893). Material from type locality in Richards collection at DGF. Valid species, likelywidespread on the African continent (Ekman 1901); according to Sinev (2001a), its distribution extends totropical Asia. Sinev (2001a) described specimens from Iraq and Uzbekistan and notes that the eastern margin

is in China (Chen 1993). Often confused with the AustralianA. pulchella King, 1853 and NeotropicalA.glabra Sars, 1901, but these are geographically separate species.A. cambouei Guerne & Richard, 1893 is oftheAlona pulchella-complex, with three connected head pores, disconnected in A. pulchella King, 1853.Redescription of Northern African and Asian populations in Sinev (2001a), but morphology of the Malagasypopulations, which are true A. cambouei, still unstudied, the possibility of more than one subspeciesbetween Madagascar and Asia should be taken in consideration. Names of close forms are available in Asia,such asAlona inreticulata Shen, Song & Chen, 1964. See alsoA. glabra Sars, 1901,Alona inreticulata Shen,Song & Chen, 1964,A. nuragica Margaritora, 1971 andA. pulchella King, 1853.

camptocercoides.Described asAlona camptocercoides Schoedler, 1862 from Berlin area (nowapparently within the town), Germany (Schoedler 1862). Types in ZMHU (Forr 1983). Synonymy with

Alona tenuicaudisSars, 1862in Kurz (1875), later with Oxyurella tenuicaudis (Sars, 1862), which is acceptednow (Smirnov 1971). See alsoA. tenuicaudis Sars, 1862.


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cannellata.Described asAlona cannellataBrehm, 1934 from Burkina Faso, Africa (Brehm 1934). Noinformation on types. Status uncertain, not recorded since first description. Figures are poor, but indicate amember of the Coronatella-branch, e.g., strong striation and long basal spine on postabdomen, typical forseveral Coronatella (e.g. rectangula-group). Brehm (1934) mentions that it is close to A. monacanthaSars,1901and has thickened setae in the posteroventral corner, almost merging into a denticle, which confirms aclose link to this species group. He compares it with A. acuticostata Sars, 1903. So,A. cannellata may be

another West African species of theA. monacantha-complex, besides the wider spread AfricanA. hardingiBrehm, 1957. TheA. monacantha group does not belong to Alona sensu stricto and is close to or part ofCoronatella (Van Damme & Dumont 2008a), here listed under Coronatella. See alsoA. acuticostata Sars,1904,A. bukobensis Weltner, 1897,A. hardingi Brehm, 1957,A. monacantha Sars, 1901 andA. rectangulaSars, 1861.

capensis.Described asAlona capensisRhe, 1914 from Southern Cape between Fishhoek andChapmansbai, South Africa (Rhe 1914). Types in ZMHU. A valid species, not recorded since the firstdescription. Rhe (1914) suggests a relationship withA. novae-zealandiae andA. poppei, which now bothbelong to Coronatella. We examined the type material (Van Damme, unpubl.) and affinities with Coronatellawere not confirmed. Body ofA. capensis is long (two times as long as high), size 0.59-0.62 mm, postabdomen

with moderate basal spine, strong marginal teeth and no large striations on the carapace. The animal shows aresemblance with the A. pulchella group. But, it is peculiar and definitely a valid species. Drawingsreproduced in Smirnov (1971) but limb morphology unpublished. See alsoA. pulchellaKing, 1853.

caucasica. Described asAlona rectangula var. caucasica Shiklejew, 1933 from vicinities of Tbilisi andAbkhazia (near Black Sea), Caucasus (Shiklejew 1933, Behning 1941). No information on types. Behning(1941) considers it a subspecies ofAlona rectangula Sars, 1861. Junior synonym ofA. rectangulain Smirnov(1971) and Frey (1988). Status unclear. See alsoA. aculeata Werestschagin, 1911,A. coronata Kurz, 1875 and

A. rectangula Sars, 1861.ceylonica. Described asAlona australis var. ceylonicaDaday, 1898 from Madatugama, Sri Lanka (Daday

1898). Types lost, not in DAD. Raised by Smirnov (1971) to level of subspecies. NotAlona, likely aLeydigia.Incerta sedis, but may be a valid species,Leydigia ceylonica (Daday, 1898), see Kotov (2009).

cheni.Described asAlona cheniSinev, 1999 from India (type locality) and other regions of South andSouth East Asia (Sinev 1999a). Holotype and paratypes in MGU. Member of the A. costata-complex (Sinev1999a, 2008). See alsoA. costata Sars, 1862,A. archeroidesBrehm, 1933,A. setigera Brehm, 1933, andA.virago Brehm, 1935.

ciliocaudata.Described asAlona cilio-caudata Sovinsky, 1891 from Chernigov Area, Ukraine (Sovinsky1891). The dash should be removed from the species epitheton (ICZN, 1999). No information on types. It isclearly a species of Dunhevedia and most probably a junior synonym of Dunhevedia crassa King, 1853,member of a different subfamily, the Chydorinae (see Smirnov 1971).

circumfimbriata. Described asAlona circumfimbriata Megard, 1967 from Minnesota, USA(Megard1967). Holotype in NHM, paratypes in NHM and DGF. Valid Nearctic species of the Coronatella rectangula-

complex, replaces the latter in North America. Now Coronatella circumfimbriata (Megard, 1967), see VanDamme & Dumont (2008b). Redescribed by Sinev (2009b, asAlona). See alsoA. monacantha Sars, 1901,A.

poppeiRichard, 1897 andA.rectangula Sars, 1861.clathrata.Described asAlona clathrataSars, 1888 from Crescent Lagoon, Rockhampton, Queensland,

Australia (Sars 1888). Material from the type locality is likely present in GOS, but needs confirmation.Drawings in Sars (1888) of male and female leave no doubt that this animal belongs to theA. guttata-group.The name may be applied to Australian populations of A. guttataSars, 1862 if these should prove differentfrom trueA. guttata. TheA. guttata-group needs revision, containing several species worldwide (e.g., Sinev1999b). See alsoA. guttata Sars, 1862 andA. werestschagini Sinev, 1999.

coronata.Described asAlona coronata Kurz, 1875 from Bohemia, Czech Republic (Kurz 1875). No

information on types. Subspecies of Coronatella rectangula(Sars, 1861) in Smirnov (1971;Alona), synonymof C. rectangulain Brehm (1933a;Alona), Alonso (1996;Alona). Type species of the genus Coronatella


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Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894, reinstated by Van Damme & Dumont (2008b). The exact status ofCoronatella coronata(Kurz, 1875) is unknown, possibly more than one species of the C. rectangula complexexist in Europe (Frey 1988, Van Damme & Dumont 2008b), which may be revealed with molecular methods.In any case,A. coronata is definitely Coronatella, notAlona. Description of C. rectangula from Norway inFrey (1988) and Belgium in Van Damme & Dumont (2008b). Original description of C. coronata contains adepiction of male and female. Kurz (1875) compared it with the more abundant C. rectangula Sars, 1861 (as

Alona). His notes should not be forgotten and C. rectangula may need more attention in future, maybe verysimilar subspecies or even species are still present in Europe! See also A. lineata (Fischer, 1854), A.rectangula Sars, 1861 andA. richardiStingelin, 1895.

costata.Described asAlona costata Sars, 1862 from Lake stenj

vand, Norway (Sars 1862, 1993).Material that may be from the type locality in GOS.Eurasia, populations outside this region need revision asthis name harbours several cryptic species (Sinev 1999a, 2008). TheA. costata group contains a number ofspecies, of which several are in the related A. rustica group. A key to theA. costata- andA. rustica- speciescomplexes was recently published by Sinev (2008). Morphology of Iberian populations of A. costatadescribedinAlonso (1996), and of Russian populations in Sinev (1999a), including limb characters. See also

A. cheniSinev, 1999,A. natalensis Sinev, 2008,A. rustica Scott, 1895,A. setigera Brehm, 1931,A. virago

Brehm, 1935 andA. weltneri Keilhack, 1905.crassicauda.Described asAlona crassicaudaSars, 1916 from Bergvliet, South Africa (Sars 1916). Typesprobably lost, absent in GOS (or not labeled under this name). Drawings of postabdomen in Sars (1916) showthis animal belongs to theA. guttatagroup. May be a separate species but detailed morphology unknown. SeealsoA. clathrata Sars, 1888,A. guttataSars, 1862 andA. werestschagini Sinev, 1999.

davidi.Descibed asAlona davidi Richard, 1895from Brouillard, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Richard 1895).Types probably lost, not in Richards collection at DGF (Sinev et al. 2005). This is no longer an Alona,removed toLeberis Smirnov, 1989 with revision of populations from Mexico (Sinev et al. 2005). May bewidespread in Neotropics but true Haitian populations were never studied (Sinev et al. 2005). Richard (1897)considers Haitian (true)Leberis davidi as different from the Brazilian animals, which are called L. davidivar. iheringiRichard, 1895. If careful examination of populations from Haiti would reveal differences fromthe common Neotropical form, the latter should be named L. davidi iheringi(Richard, 1897) and the Haitianwould be true L.davidi davidi (Richard, 1895). Such a decision would depend on study of topotypicalmaterial.L. davidiis confused and synonymized in the pantropics withA. diaphanaKing, 1853, nowL.diaphanus(King, 1853), but these are two different species with distinctly different distributions; L. davidi(Richard, 1895) does not occur in Africa or Asia (Sinev et al. 2005).African populations of Leberis,mentioned in literature asAlonaor Alonella davidi and diaphana,remain unstudied and contain morethan one unnamed species (Van Damme, unpubl.). The same is true for the Neotropics, where recently acryptic speciesLeberis chihuahuaensisElias-Gutierrez & Valdez Moreno, 2008 was described (Mexico). SeealsoA. davidi iheringi Richard, 1895,A. davidi punctata Daday, 1898,A. davidi vermiculata Smirnov &Timms, 1983 andA. diaphanaKing, 1853.

delaticiana.Recorded asAlona quadrangularis var. delaticianaDybowski & Grochowski, 1895.Nomennudum(Smirnov 1971).

dentata. Described asAlona dentataP.E. Mller, 1867 from Denmark (Mller 1867). Type at ZMUC.Original drawings suggest this is not anAlona but likelyRhynchotalona falcata (Sars, 1862), except for theshorter rostrum (Frey 1962); the latter seems to be broken off (Frey 1989). Kurz (1875) notes thatA. dentataP. E. Mller, 1857 has one or two denticles in the posteroventral corner. See also A. dentata Werestschagin,1911.

dentata-2.Proposed asAlona affinisvar. dentataWerestschagin, 1911 from Novgorod Area, EuropeanRussia (Werestschagin 1911b). No information on types. Werestschagin (1911b) made no description, butrefers to the description of A. affinis after Lilljeborg (1901) for his form. Raised to subspeciesA. affinis

dentata, with a descriptionby Ren (1968) and regarded by Sinev (1997) as a variety. Northern form of A.affinis with one to three denticles in posteroventral valve corner (Sinev 1997). Details of this taxon are


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unknown. Found regularly in subfossil remains of Scandinavian lakes and indicated under this name (e.g.,Sarmaja-Korjonenet al.2003). However, A. dentata Werestschagin, 1911 is a primary homonym of A.dentata P. E. Mller, 1867. See also A. af finis (Leydig, 1860), A. dentata P.E. Mller, 1867 and A.quadrangularis mph. dilatataWerestschagin, 1911.

dentifera. Described asAlonella dentiferaSars, 1901 from So Paulo, Brazil (Sars 1901). Lectotype andparalectotypes in GOS. Valid Neotropical species. Smirnov (1996a) kept this species as a member ofAlonella.

Redescription with detailed morphology in Sinev et al. (2004) shows that it is a peculiar species (e.g., no headpores in adult females and two in juveniles). However, it is not an Alona, instead a member of theCoronatella-branch that should be removed from and placed closer to (or part of) Coronatella(see VanDamme & Dumont 2008b). Forms a small species complex, as a sibling species was recently described fromSouth East Asia, corresponding toA. cf. dentifera in Idris 1983 (Sinev & Sanoamuang 2007). See also A.broaensis Matsumura-Tundisi & Smirnov, 1984, A. siamensis Sinev & Sanoamuang, 2007 and Alonellabrazilienis Bergamin, 1935.

diaphana.Described as Alona diaphanaKing, 1853 from Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (King1853). No information on types, probably lost (Sinev et al. 2005). Known from Australia and South East Asia.Allocation toLeberis Smirnov, 1989 by Sinev et al. (2005), and now calledLeberis diaphanus(King, 1853).

Status of AfricanLeberisunclear, these populations need revision (see under davidi). Also in the New World,species are still found. Recently, L. chihuahuaensisElas-Gutterez& Valdez Moreno, 2008 was describedfrom Mexico (Elas-Gutterez& Valdez Moreno 2008). See alsoA. davidi Richard, 1895,A. davidi iheringiRichard, 1895,A. davidi punctata Daday, 1898,A. davidi vermiculata Smirnov & Timms, 1983 and A.hyalina (Chen & Gao 1989).

dilatata. Proposed asAlona quadrangularis mph. dilatataWerestchagin, 1911 from Novgorod Area,European Russia (Werestschagin, 1911b). Types unknown. No original description, Werestchagin (1911b)refers to the description in Lilljeborg (1901) on which he based this morph. Variety of Alona quadrangularis(O.F. Mller, 1776).

dhilloni.Described asAlona dhilloni Battish, 1981 from Patiala District, Punjab, India (Battish 1981).Type material at PUA but will be transferred to ZSI. Status unclear. Animal with three main pores and stronglongitudinal striation, but description insufficient for a decision on its identity. Battish (1981) notes that itresemblesA. bukobensis Weltner, 1897. The latter is now an African taxon of Coronatella. Material ofA.dhilloni should be revised. See alsoA. bukobensis Weltner, 1897.

duoodonta. Described as Alonella duoodonta Henry, 1922 from New South Wales (Henry 1922).Syntypes in AM. Placed in Biaperturaby Smirnov & Timms (1983). Junior synonym of ArmatalonamacrocopaSars, 1894 according to Sinev (2004b). See alsoA. macrocopa(Sars, 1894).

elegans.Described asAlona elegansKurz, 1875 from Bohemia, Czech Republic (Kurz 1875). Noinformation on types. Distributed in Western Europe (Van Damme & Dumont 2008b). Valid species, oldestname in the Alona elegans-complex. According to Smirnov (1971), A. elegans is a subspecies of A.rectangula, but the taxon deserves at least species rank. Dumont et al. (1979) suggested A. elegansandA.

rectangula(now C. rectangula) may form hybrids. Limbs of Iberian populations are depicted in Alonso(1996), see remarks underA. elegans lebes.TheA. elegans-complex is a member of the Coronatellabranch,does not belong inAlonaand should be removed from the latter genus. Its position is close to, or even in,Coronatella; a revision of the A. elegansgroup is, however, lacking. Comments on relationships anddistribution in Van Damme & Dumont (2008b). Three valid species of the A. eleganscomplex are present inSpain (Alonso 1996) and two subspecies of A. elegansappear in literature (their status unclear). See A.elegans arcuataHerbst, 1934,A. elegans herbstiSmirnov, 2001 andA. elegans lebes Dumont & Van DeVelde, 1975,A. orellanaiAlonso, 1996,A. salinaAlonso, 1996 andA. striolataSars, 1916.

elegantula.Described asAlona affinis var. elegantulaBrehm, 1933 from Indonesia (Brehm 1933b). Noinformation on types. Brehms (1933b) description does not allow a decision on the identity of this form.

Subspecies ofA. affinis according to Smirnov (1971; asBiapertura), variety of the latter according to Sinev(1997). We cannot decide on its rank here, but the name should remain available forA. affinis populations


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from Indonesia.A. affinis (Leydig, 1860) forms a species complex and has two valid species in Australia, A.ellipticaSinev, 1997andA. kendallensisHenry, 1919 and one name with unclear status, A. whiteleggei Sars,1896.See under these names andA. affinis(Leydig, 1860).

elliptica. Described asAlona elliptica Sinev, 1997 from New South Wales, Australia (Sinev 1997).Holotype in AM, paratypes in MGU. Valid species of theAlona affinis-complex, described in detail (Sinev1997). See alsoA. affinis (Leydig, 1860),A. kendallensis Henry, 1919 andA. whiteleggei Sars, 1896.

elongata.Described as Alona elongata Sars, 1861 from vicinity of Christiania, Norway (Sars 1862).Material of this taxon in GOS, which may be from type locality. Palaearctic. Allocated to a new genus

Alonopsis Sars, 1862 by Sars (1862), shortly after his description ofAlona elongataSars, 1861, see Smirnov(1966a) and comments by Frey (in Sars 1993). Listed underAcroperus in Smirnov (1971), butAlonopsisisdefinitely a separate genus. See Kubersky (1977).

esocirostris. Listed asAlona esocirostris Schoedler, 1858 (nomen nudum) and later described bySchoedler (1862) from vicinity of Berlin, Germany. Types probably lost, absent in ZMHU. Junior synonym ofGraptoleberis testudinaria(Fischer, 1848) (Kurz 1875, Smirnov 1971). The word esocirostris means withthe snout of a pike, an interesting way in which Schoedler noted the typical rostrum of Graptoleberis. SeealsoA. reticulata Baird, 1843 andLynceus testudinariusFischer, 1848.

esteparica.Listed asAlona esteparicaChergui et al., 1999 from Morocco (Chergui et al. 1999).Nomennudum.estonica.Described asAlona estonicaMemets, 1958 from Estonia (Memets 1958). Paratype in NHM.

Frey (1965a) revised and depicted material from Memets and concluded thatA. estonicais a junior synonymofA. rustica Scott, 1895. SeeA. rustica Scott, 1895 andAlona estonica tuberculata Memets, 1958.

eucostata.Described asAlona eucostata Sars, 1894 from Dunedin, New Zealand (Sars 1894). Materialfrom type locality in GOS, labelled as cf. A. rectangula, New Zealand contains males and females andlikely corresponds to this taxon (Van Damme & Dumont 2008b). Valid species. Removed together with the

Alona rectangula-group to Coronatella(see Van Damme & Dumont 2008b), now regarded as Coronatellaeucostata (Sars, 1894). Detailed morphology unknown, drawings of male and female postabdomen in VanDamme & Dumont (2008a). Smirnov (1971) listsA. eucostata Sars, 1894 as junior synonym of the European

A. richardiStingelin, 1895, but considering the origin (far from terra typica), the name eucostatashould notbe dismissed. It has priority over Coronatella novae-zealandiae (Sars, 1904), which may be a junior synonym.See alsoA. novae-zealandiae Sars, 1904,A. rectangula Sars, 1861 andA. richardi Stingelin, 1895.

eximia. Described asAlona eximia Kiser, 1948 from Pearl River, Canton, China (Kiser 1948). Holotypeand paratypes in USNM. Present in South and South East Asia, as far south as Borneo (Van Damme et al.2003, Kotov & Sanoamuang 2004, Van Damme et al. 2009). Valid species. Removed from Alonaandallocated to Nicsmirnovius Chiambeng & Dumont, 1999 by Van Damme et al. (2003), now named

Nicsmirnovius eximius(Kiser, 1948). Limbs very different from Alona sensu stricto (A. quadrangularis-group) andNicsmirnovius is adapted to life in riverine conditions (Van Damme et al. 2003), like Phreatalona(see Van Damme et al.2009). Records ofA. eximia King, 1948 outside Asia represent different species, e.g.,

most African populations (e.g., Green 1962) earlier mentioned as A. eximiaare now regarded asN. greeniVan Damme et al., 2003, while in the Neotropics, they fall under N. fit zpatricki (Chien, 1970) and N.incredibilis(Smirnov, 1984) (Van Damme et al. 2003, Kotov 2003). Morphology ofN. eximius in Van Dammeet al. (2003) and in Kotov & Sanoamuang (2004), including males and limbs. See also A. incredibil isSmirnov, 1984.

fabricii.Described asAlona fabricii Ren, 1992 from Greenland (Ren 1992). Types in ZMUC.Drawings in Ren (1992) show an animal from theA. costata-complex that is closest toA. rusticaScott, 1895.Status unclear, revision is necessary. According to Ren (1992) this is not A.

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