variable, constant, operators and control statement
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Variable, Constant, Operators and Control Statement
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Variables• Programming element used to store a
value in the program while the program is running.
• It is a name area in the memory which holds temporary data.
EXAMPLE:Name = “Shaira”Age = text1.text
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• EXPLICIT DECLARATION – declaring variable by typing DIM (dimension) statement and a variable name.
Syntax: Dim Variable Name As Data typeExample:Dim LastName As String
• IMPLICIT DECLARATION – declaring a variable without the Dim Statement; simply use the variable on its own.
Example:LastName=“Fernandez”
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Constant• Meaningful Name that takes place of a
number or a string that does not change.• Values that do not change during the
execution of the program.Syntax: Const Constant Name As data type =
valueExample: const Pi As Single = 3.142Score= 100
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Operators• Operators are symbols that indicates
operation to be performed on data.There are 3 types of Operators1. Arithmetic Operators2. Relational Operators3. Conditional Operators
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Arithmetic Operators- Mathematical Operators that is used to compute inputs from users to generate results.
Relational Operators – Operators that is used to compare two values basing on a certain conditions yields a TRUE or FALSE result.
Logical Operators – Operators that determine if a particular condition is met.
NEXT
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Operators Description Example Result
+ Add 5+5 10
- Substract 10-5 5
/ Divide 25/5 5
\ Integer Division (disregards the decimal places)
20\3 6
* Multiply 5*4 20
^ Exponent (power of) 3^3 27
Mod Remainder of division 20 Mod 6 2
& String concatenation "George"&" "&"Bush" "George Bush"
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Operators Description Example Result
> Greater than 10>8 True
< Less than 10<8 False
>= Greater than or equal to 20>=10 True
<= Less than or equal to 10<=20 True
<> Not Equal to 5<>4 True
= Equal to 5=7 False
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Operators Description
OR Operation will be true if either of the operands is true
AND Operation will be true only if both the operands are true
XOR One sides or other must be true but not both sides
NOT Negate truth
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Condition of AND OperatorCONDITION 1 CONDITION2 RESULT
TRUE TRUETRUE FALSEFALSE TRUEFALSE FALSE
•If there’s a FALSE the result is false.
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Condition of OR Operators
CONDITION 1 CONDITION2 RESULT
TRUE TRUETRUE FALSEFALSE TRUEFALSE FALSE
•If there’s a TRUE the result is true.
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Condition of XOR OperatorCONDITION 1 CONDITION2 RESULT
TRUE TRUETRUE FALSEFALSE TRUEFALSE FALSE
•One sides or other must be true but not both sides
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Condition of NOT Operator
CONDITION RESULT
TRUEFALSE
• Negate truth
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Get a ¼ sheet of PaperFind the result
1. 9+7+82. 8^33. 65/134. 95 mod 9555. (-5)+(-4)
6. 10>17. .05>.58. 1500>=1501009.0>=0.0010.5<>10
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Find the result
1. 10*10<100 And 12<>122. 500=500.0 Or 95-15<853.True And False4.Not False5.1000/100>77 And 96<>95
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ANSWER KEY
• 1. 24• 2. 512• 3. 5• 4. 5• 5. -9
• 1. FALSE• 2. TRUE• 3. FALSE• 4. TRUE• 5. FALSE
•6. TRUE•7. FALSE•8. FALSE•9. TRUE•10. TRUE
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CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
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Conditional Statement
• It is one of the vital components in programming. It enables a program to respond in different manner every time a program is executed depending on the data entered.
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Most Commonly Used Conditional Statement.
1. If.. Then Statement2. If.. Then.. Else Statement3. If.. Then.. ElseIf Statement4. Select Case Statement
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If.. Then Statement• The If...Then statement examines the
truthfulness of an expression. It allows your Program to make a decision based on the certain condition.
• SYNTAX:If condition then
Statement/sEnd If
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If.. Then.. Else Statement
• The If...Then statement offers only one alternative: to act if the condition is true. Whenever you would like to apply an alternate expression in case the condition is false, you can use the If...Then...Else statement.
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If.. Then.. Else Statement
SYNTAX: If Condition Then
Statement1 Else
Statement2 End If
If Score = 100 Then Label1.caption =“Perfect”Else Label1.caption =“with Mistakes”End If
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If...Then...ElseIf StatementSYNTAX:
If Condition1 Then Statement1
ElseIf Condition2 Then Statement2
ElseIf Condition 3 Then Statement 3
End If
The If...Then...ElseIf statement acts like the If...Then...Else expression, except that it offers as many choices as necessary.
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SELECT CASE STATEMENT• If you have a large number of
conditions to examine, the If...Then...Else will go through each one of them. Visual Basic offers the alternative of jumping to the statement that applies to the state of the condition.
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SyntaxSelect Case Expression Case Expression1
Statement1 Case Expression2
Statement2 Case Expression3 Statement3 End Select
Select Case Subject
Case “Mathematics” lblsubject.caption=“Mathematics”
Case “Science” lblsubject.caption=“Science”
Case “English” lblsubject.caption=“English”
End Select
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LOOP Structure
• A loop is an expression used to repeat an action. Visual Basic presents many variations of the loops and they combine the Do and the Loop keywords.
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Do...While Loop• Used to execute a block of statements in
an unspecified number of times while a condition is false on the first pass. The statement is not executed.
Syntax: Do while conditions
Statement/sloop
Dim Number As IntegerNumber = 10Do While Number <20 Number=Number+2 Print NumberLoop
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Do...Loop...While Statement
Dim Number As IntegerNumber = 10Do Number=Number+2 Print NumberLoop While Number <20
Reverse formula of the do while statement. Syntax:Do Statement(s) Loop While Condition
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Do...Until...Loop Statement• This loop will first examine the Condition,
instead of examining whether the Condition is true, it will test whether the Condition is false.
Syntax:Do Until Condition
Statement(s)Loop
Example:Dim Number As Integer
Number=30Do Until Number <=20
Number= Number-2Print NumberLoop
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Do...Loop...Until Statement
• An alternative to the Do...Until...loop consists of executing the Statement first.
Syntax:Do Statement(s) Loop Until Condition
Example:Dim Number As Integer
Number=30Do
Number= Number-2Print NumberLoop Until Number <=20
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Get a ¼ Sheet of PaperIdentify the following.1. Name area which holds temporary data.2. Operators that is used to compare two
values basing on a certain conditions.3. An expression used to repeat an action.4. Values that do not change during the
execution of the program.5. symbols that indicates operation to be
performed on data.
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6. Declaring a variable without the Dim Statement.
7. A Data type that stores a value of True or False
8. Operators that determine if a particular condition is met.
9. Type of data that consists of numbers which can be manipulated with various standard operators.
10. Declaring variable by typing DIM (dimension) statement and a variable name.
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Identify whether a variable is valid or invalid
1. Name 12. (The_variable)3. My_First_Name4. He&his_Father5.Long_Name_Can_beuse
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ANSWER KEY
1. Variable2. Relational Operator3. Loop4. Constant5. Operators6. Implicit declaration7. Boolean8. Conditional operator9. Numerical data type10. Explicit declaration
1.Invalid2.Invalid3.Valid4.Invalid5.Valid