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Vegetation Management Plan 81-91 Railway Terrace Schofields, NSW Prepared For: Issen Schofields Pty Ltd Prepared By: Anderson Environment and Planning Authors: Brooke Corrigan and Natalie Black Date: 20/07/2020 AEP Reference: 2133 VMP Revision: 01

Northern bank of the watercourse facing East within the VMP Lands

Southern boundary within the VMP Lands, facing east.

Southern bank of the watercourse, facing west within the VMP Lands

Western boundary looking south east along the watercourse within the VMP Lands

2133 – Scholfieds VMP i July 2020

Table of Contents

1.0 Vegetation Management Plan Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

1.1 Site Location ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2 Existing Vegetation .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

2.0 Regeneration of VMP Lands ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Integrated Regeneration Approach for VMP Lands ................................................................................................................................................................... 2

2.2 Regeneration Targets .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3

3.0 Regeneration Commencement................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

3.1 Management ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Specific Regeneration Tasks ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8

3.3 Project Management ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

3.4 Monitoring ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

3.5 Reporting ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Reference ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Tables Table 1 – Targets for Structure and Compositions .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Table 2 - Weed Control Activities ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

Table 3 – Proposed Works Schedule ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10

Figures Figure 1 – Site Location ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Figure 2 – Vegetation Management Plan.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

Appendices Appendix A – Revegetation Species List

Appendix B – Monitoring Assessment Sheets

2133 – Scholfieds VMP 2 July 2020

1.0 Vegetation Management Plan Objectives

The purpose of this plan is to define and outline actions required

to support biodiversity within a riparian area as part of a

Development Application for an early childhood learning centre at

the site.

The overall VMP objectives are to provide:

• Vegetation of the characteristic assemblage of biota where the

structural and trophic complexity is adequately

representative and able to self-replenish without further

intervention other than maintenance;

• A long-term environmental conservation area requiring

nominal ongoing maintenance (within the context of an urban

creekline subject to active management for flood, biosecurity

and water quality purposes);

• Geomorphological stability of the unnamed tributary of

Eastern Creek to maintain biodiversity, function and water

quality;

• To assess and adjust weeding and planting regimes across the

VMP lands; and

• Areas of habitat for native flora and fauna, including

threatened species locally recorded as occurring.

1.1 Site Location

Vegetation Management Plan (VMP) works will be undertaken as

part of a development at 81-91 Railway Terrace Schofields. (Lots 9

and 10 DP 18574 and Lot 9 DP 237933).

The Subject Site access is from Railway Terrace, and covering

approximately 0.82ha. The lot slopes gently to the west towards

the unnamed tributary which flows into Eastern Creek part of the

Hawkesbury-Nepean River catchment. The eastern proportion of

the Lot will be developed with the remaining area managed under

this VMP and adjoining landscape plans. Note that public walking

access along the northern boundary and from an access off Carman

Street need to be retained and preclude restrictive boundary

fencing as a management strategy. The layout of the Subject Site is

shown in Figure 1.

1.2 Existing Vegetation

Vegetation present within the development area is dominated by

exotic’s and weeds, however there an established canopy of

mature eucalypts of remnant Cumberland Swamp Oak Riparian

Forest being swamp oak (Casuarina glauca), Eucalyptus

tereticornis (River Red-gum) and Eucalyptus amplifolia (Cabbage

Gum). The presence of a number of Eucalyptus moluccana (Grey

Box) is indicative of Cumberland Shale Plains Woodland, however

the habitat is more conducive to Cumberland Swamp Oak Riparian

Forest and considered transitional.

• PCT 1800 Cumberland Swamp Oak Riparian Forest (NPWS

2002, Tozer 2003) is found on the river flats of the

Cumberland Plain in western Sydney and in the Hunter Valley

(NPWS 2000c). The distinguishing feature are swamp oak

(Casuarina glauca), rough-barked apple (Angophora

floribunda), forest red gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) and grey

box (Eucalyptus moluccana). This community features an

open grassy and herbaceous understorey, as is typical of

riverflat forests. In this situation the key canopy species are

absent the shrub and groundcovers reflect this community

(approx. 0.38ha); and

• PCT 1815 Cumberland Shale Plains Woodland - The gentle

topography associated with the shale plains of Western

Sydney carries an open grassy woodland dominated by grey

box (Eucalyptus moluccana), forest red gum (Eucalyptus

tereticornis) and ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra/ Eucalyptus

fibrosa) (transitional – some indicative species occur.

Community considered 1800 for purposes of VMP).

• Non-native exotics and weeds - Due to previous land

management, upstream influences and garden escapes exotic

species are dominate the site, with the creek line defined by

species such as Erythrina crista-galli (Cockspur Coral Tree)

with Tradescantia fluminensis (Trad) and other herbaceous

weeds and grasses. The banks and floodplain areas are

dominated by Ligustrum lucidum (Large-leaf Privet) and a

range of persistent vines including Anredera cordifolia

(Madeira Vine) and Solanum laxum (Potato Vine). Potato vine

completely covers the south east corner of site, which will

mostly be removed by the development but is indicative of the

species capacity for habitat degradation.

Figure 2 outlines the inner and outer riparian zones.

The VMP lands have been broken down into two (2) Management

Zones (MZs) to simplify identification of objectives and targets.

Refer to Figure 2 for location of each Management Zone within the

VMP Lands.

2.0 Regeneration of VMP Lands

Regeneration of the VMP Lands will be undertaken over a period

of 5 years with the aim of reaching a “Natural Regeneration”

requiring minimal to no intervention. To achieve this, an

Integrated Regeneration Approach has been designed, with key

elements and targets identified for each vegetation community

within each Management Zone. Targets are detailed in Section 2.2.

2.1 Integrated Regeneration Approach for VMP Lands

In accordance with Society for Ecological Restoration Australasia

(2018) National standards for the practice of ecological restoration

in Australia, an ecological regeneration approach has been

determined for the VMP lands. This approach utilises three

integrated restoration techniques to achieve the goal of a Natural

Regenerating Riparian Area. The three approaches within this

National Guideline have been assigned to VMP Lands areas based

on their history of disturbance, and the level of intervention

needed to initiate and sustain the desired ecological communities.

The three approaches that will be utilised are:

• Reconstruction Approach;

• Assisted Regeneration Approach; and

• Natural Regeneration Approach.

2.1.1 Reconstruction Approach

This approach is used across sites where the vegetation condition

is poor, generally due to a range of causes of degradation that have

led to partial or total damage to biotic and abiotic factors. The

Reconstruction Approach includes:

• Site preparation such as, weeding, reshaping, mulching; and

• Planting of canopy, shrubs, with the exception of the aquatic

vegetation (which will have planting of sedges, rushes and

forbs, see Appendix C) encouraging natural regeneration.

Once these areas have the necessary cover to protect the lower

layers within the vegetation community from the elements (such


as direct sun, storms, winds, etc.), then direct seeding of grass,

forbs, etc. will be conducted, if required, in the third year of

management under this VMP. This will ensure the structure and

composition of these communities will meet the targets set.

As discussed in more detail below, when set targets are met in this

approach, work on these areas will then move into the Assisted

Regeneration Approach.

2.1.2 Assisted Regeneration Approach

Once the areas under the Reconstructed Approach have achieved

the set targets each community will move into the Assisted

Regeneration Approach.

This approach is generally used on sites where regeneration

progress is at an intermediate level and active intervention is

minimised.

As stated, the Assisted Regeneration Approach requires active

interventions, the tasks of which will be determined by the Bush

Regeneration Contractor (BRC) and may involve the following

tasks:

• Weeding,

• Watering;

• Replacement of dead plants; and

• Maintenance of tree guards, etc.

If natural regeneration of the shrub and groundcovers is not

occurring within this approach at the end of the second year of

management it is recommended that further planting be

undertaken. The aim of this approach is to manage vegetation to

achieve set targets to move into the Natural Regeneration

Approach.

2.1.3 Natural Regeneration Approach

This approach is where damage is relatively low, and pre-existing

biota should be able to recover after cessation of degrading

practices.

The Natural Regeneration Approach requires limited to no

interventions with weeding being the only task undertaken to

encourage continual natural regeneration.

This approach is the overall aim for the entirety of the VMP lands

to achieve this state within 5 years.

2.2 Regeneration Targets

The Integrated Regeneration Approach will be used across the

entire VMP Lands and the following targets have been designed to

be measurable, providing qualitative data on species abundance

and cover for the vegetation communities within the VMP Lands.

Given the disturbance of the site, it recommended that the

abundance and coverage for the PCTS aims to meet 50% of the

NSW State Biodiversity Assessment Method (2017) benchmarks

for the PCT as outlined in Table 1).

Water Quality targets for the unnamed creek within the

Restoration Area are aiming to achieve and maintain the standard

for freshwater in accordance with the Australian and New Zealand

Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality Guidelines, 2000.

2.2.1 Weed Management Targets

Weeds have significant impact on structural integrity of vegetation

communities. Baseline surveys identify two (2) priority weeds

present Asparagus asparagoides (Bridal Creeper) and

Olea europaea subsp. cuspidate (African olive) on the Subject Site

that will be the focus of weed management activities, based on

listings under the Biosecurity Act 2015, and on site-specific

conditions and/or impacts.

Baseline data at the to determine weed densities needs to be

established at the monitoring sites.

Overall Weed Targets are:

• The weed targets for the VMP lands for priority weeds is 95%

at the end of 5 - year period.

• The weed target for other weeds is 80% reduction at the end

of 5 - year period.

https://weeds.dpi.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/AfricanOlive


Table 1 – Targets for Structure and Compositions

Existing Vegetation

Communities Targets

Tree Shrub Grass/like Forbs Ferns Others

Assisted Regeneration

Approach

Natural Regeneration

Approach


Approach


Approach


Approach


Approach


Approach


Approach


Approach


Approach


Approach


Approach

PCT 1800

Composition (number of

species) 1 2 2 4 2 4 1 3 0 1 0 1

Structure (percent

cover) 5 10 5 10 18 36 0 1 0 1 0 1

Disclaimer: Boundaries are not survey accurate. Do not scale off this plan.While all reasonable care has been taken to ensure the information shown on this map is up to date and accurate, no guarantee is given that the information portrayed is free from error or omission. Please verify the accuracy of all information prior to use.

Location: Railway Terrace, Schofields | Client: KDC | July 2020AEP Ref: 2133

Figure 1 - Site Location

Legend

Site Boundary

0 250

metres

Disclaimer: Boundaries are not survey accurate. Do not scale off this plan.While all reasonable care has been taken to ensure the information shown on this map is up to date and accurate, no guarantee is given that the information portrayed is free from error or omission. Please verify the accuracy of all information prior to use.

Location: Railway Terrace, Schofields | Client: KDC | July 2020AEP Ref: 2133

Figure 2 - Vegetation Management Plan

Legend

Site Boundary

Hydroline (1:25k)

0 25

metres

Inner Riparian Zone

Outer Riparian Zone

Indicative Monitoring Point


3.0 Regeneration Commencement

3.1 Management

The VMP lands have been broken into two Management Zones

(Figure 2) both of which will be improved using the

Reconstruction Approach.

To achieve the targets outlined for each vegetation community and

within each Management Zone the following key steps need to be

undertaken in accordance with the works schedule outlined in

Table 4:

• Determine Baseline Data;

• Preparing the Site;

• Control of Weeds;

• Planting of the Vegetation (Appendix A for a detailed species

list);

• Control of Feral Animals;

• Assessing Drainage / Water Quality;

• Managing Potential Pathogens / Disease: and

• Other management tasks.

3.1.1 Overall Site Preparation

Prior to the commencement of regeneration, the Subject Site must

be prepared. The following works have been recommended to

assist in site preparation:

• All rubbish encountered during works should be removed

where possible;

• Installation of temporary protection fencing to demarcate no-

go areas (VMP Lands) prior to commencement of civil works;

• Prior to Earthworks beginning, sediment and erosion controls

should be designed and installed that meet the specifications

set out in the latest edition of the Landcom publication “Soils

and Constructions – Volume 1 (The Blue Book). In addition, a

water permeable geotextile barrier or floating boom may be

required across any area that allows for water flow out of the

creek, if any instream works are to be conducted.

• Installation of permanent fencing following civil works and

site stabilisation to prevent vehicle entry and damage to

native vegetation;

• Monitoring points for each Management Zone established

(refer to Figure 2 for indicative monitoring points); and

• Establishment of baseline data to monitor progress against

targets.

Within each Management Zone, assessments will be undertaken

with the aim of establishing baseline data that will be monitored

against over the five-year period of this VMP(refer to Appendix B

assessment sheets).

3.1.2 Weed Control

Weed Control works within each Management Zone are to be

undertaken by a qualified bushland regeneration team using

industry standards (summary provided in Table 2).

The Biosecurity Act 2015 outlines several ‘duties’; the general

biosecurity duty, and additional duties under mandatory

measures, regional measures, prohibited matter or biosecurity

zone. Specific action for these measures may be required. Weed

control is required to occur in the following sequence:

1. Primary weeding - this is the first time weeds are removed

from the area. This should occur within six (6) months of

VMP approval.

2. Consolidation - over the next few months, the weed control

zones may need several visits to remove weeds that are

regenerating and/or have grown in response to the

disturbance and are competing with planted / regenerating

native plants. These visits are essential, otherwise the

weeds will re-invade, dominate and inhibit the naturally

regenerating / replanted natives.

3. Long term ongoing maintenance – After the four to six-

month (4 – 6) period post-weeding, the number of weeding

visits needed will reduce so that the Site may only need a

visit either once every six (6) months or annually. Over the

life of the VMP, monitoring of weeds would continue in the

long-term on at least an annual basis.

Weed control works across the site are to be undertaken over the

maintenance period of five (5) years.

3.1.3 Herbicides

If herbicide usage is proposed, the following factors are to be taken

into consideration when selecting the herbicide:

• The safety of the particular herbicide to users, desirable

plants, soil micro-organisms, amphibians, birds and

mammals; and

• The economics and time constraints of using herbicides over

other methods of weed control.

Directions must be strictly followed and all precautions followed

over time. For example, Glyphosate herbicides are systemic and

non-selective.

3.1.4 Feral Animals

No significant evidence of feral animals was observed on site;

however, it is likely that rabbits are present in the local area.

Therefore, protection guards should be placed around plantings so

that revegetation efforts within VMP lands is not compromised. If

monitoring within management zones indicates pest species pose

notable impediments to achieving the aims of the VMP (i.e. through

excessive browsing, etc.), then management actions will be

reviewed to address these issues.

3.1.5 Drainage / Water Quality

A required function of the VMP Lands in the developed landscape

relates to the ongoing drainage function of the catchment. The VMP

Lands contain part of an unnamed creek that is a tributary of the

Eastern Creek, subsequently requiring management to ensure

drainage function and water quality are retained and optimised.

In this regard, appropriate engineering design of water quality /

quantity control structures would be implemented for the

development to ensure that these areas remain functional with

regards to water quality and quantity post development. A GPT

will be installed to control water quality entering VMP lands from

the development.

3.1.6 Bushfire

As most of the vegetation within the VMP Lands is riparian and

associated with floodplains, regular bushfires are not required to

maintain ecological function.

3.1.7 Potential Pathogens / Disease

As with any civil construction site, there is the potential for

pathogens and diseases to be introduced to the Site during

construction. Appropriate hygiene controls are to be employed to


minimise the chances of any such introduction occurring.

Response plans are needed to be designed and implemented to

mitigate impacts in the event of disease or pathogen outbreaks.

3.1.8 Vegetation Clearing

Vegetation clearing within the site must follow the following

procedure to ensure safety of utilising the site:

• Vegetation clearing is to be timed to avoid cold weather

periods where overnight temperatures are forecast to be less

than 12°C. Cold weather is likely to make it difficult for

resident hollow dependent fauna to successfully relocate. This

is particularly relevant for low body-weight species such as

mirobats;

• A staged approach to clearing is to be undertaken to provide

fauna the opportunity to disperse outside the area of impact.

Staging is to include Phase 1 Clearing: Underscrubbing, Phase

2 Clearing: Removal of non-habitat trees, and Phase 3

Clearing: Removal of habitat and connecting trees;

• All clearing works are to be undertaken under the supervision

of the Project Ecologist;

• Clearing should occur in a direction from previously disturbed

lands towards retained lands (generally from west to east);

• Implement clearing protocols, including pre-clearance

surveys to identify habitat and vegetation to be retained;

• Where habitat trees are required to be removed, felling will be

attended by a suitably equipped and experienced ecologist to

deal appropriately with any displaced fauna species;

• All hollow bearing features will be sectionally lowered by tree

climbers (where safe to do so);

• Any fauna rescued during vegetation clearing is to be assessed

for injuries, and subsequently released in a suitable nearby

location; this may require holding fauna until dusk for release

in accordance with relevant animal ethics licencing and

standards;

• If any fauna is injured during vegetation clearing, they are to

be taken promptly to a nearby veterinarian or suitable wildlife

carer contact;

• In addition, prior to clearing of any vegetation, an Ecologist is

to inspect the area for any signs of resident fauna requiring

attention, and in particular nesting birds. Where such is

identified, appropriate strategies are to be developed and

instigated to minimise impacts;

• Civil Construction staff to be inducted into pre-clearing and

clearing protocols, and to identify environmental features for

protection;

• All cleared vegetation is to be mulched on site and spread to

help stabilise any exposed soil and minimise offsite movement

of biomass. Fallen timber and hollow logs identified to be

retained to be relocated into the Green Buffer Lands;

• Live mulch and topsoil that is free of weeds is an ideal way to

begin rehabilitation of conservation lands;

3.2 Specific Regeneration Tasks

3.2.1 Inner Riparian Area

Specific Regeneration tasks within this Zone are:

• Establish monitoring points for weed control;

• Establish monitoring points to measure for structure and

composition;

• Establish monitoring points to measure stability of banks;

• Commence weed management;

• Placement of felled trees for Large Woody Debris for fauna

habitat; and

• Planting of trees, shrubs, sedges and rushes in accordance

with species list in Table 2.

3.2.2 Outer Riparian Area

Specific Regeneration tasks within this Zone are:

• Erect fencing where appropriate;

• Establish monitoring points for weed control;

• Establish monitoring points to measure for abundance and

diversity;

• Commence weed management; and

• Planting of trees, shrubs and ground layer in accordance with

Table 2.

3.3 Project Management

Establishment of monitoring points and compliance checking of

other aspects within this VMP will be the responsibility of the

Project Ecologist working with the Civil Contractor.

The client will be responsible for the engagement of a suitably

qualified Bush Regeneration Contractor to undertake weed control

and planting works outlined in this VMP.

The Project Ecologist will be responsible for the establishment of

monitoring points within the VMP lands along with collection of

baseline data that will be monitored against this over the five-year

period of this VMP with the overall targets

The Project Ecologist will be responsible for monitoring and

reporting on weed management, and Regeneration Approach

success.

3.4 Monitoring

Baseline monitoring data will be collected when the monitoring

points are established. This will follow the BAM plot methods

(BAM, 2017).

Monitoring will occur on a biannual basis, covering:

• Weed control effectiveness;

• Planting success;

• Structure and composition;

• Record of stability of banks within the VMP lands.

3.5 Reporting

A report is to be prepared annually and delivered to the consent

authority for the life of the VMP with a final report prepared at the

end of the VMP outlining how the conditions of the VMP have been

met.

The reports should include evaluations and recommendations

relating to all areas covered in the monitoring schedule and also

address any other problems or deficiencies found during

monitoring. If required the report should also outline any changes

that are required to planned works to ensure better ecological

outcomes.


Table 2 - Weed Control Activities

Activity Minimum Requirement

Pre-works Undertake baseline surveys to identify priority weeds present on site to be the focus of weed management activities. Priority species should be categorised into high-, medium- and low-threat based on listings under the Biosecurity Act 2015, and site-specific conditions and/or impacts, and targeted accordingly.

Primary Works Effectively control priority species and areas through appropriate methods to eliminate highly competitive weeds from an area. Include high disturbance activities that could negatively impact later regeneration such as high-volume herbicide application, and physical removal of large trees which would pose safety hazards to the public or others if left to perish in-situ.

Secondary Works Treat any regrowth from primary weed control and expand on control measures by targeting any second-tier Priority species and expanding the primary control boundaries where desirable. Thin retained weeds to increase light penetration where appropriate. Generally, expand on and solidify primary work.

Maintenance Works

Maintain exclusion of weeds controlled during Primary and Secondary works. Prevent reinfestation. Target third-tier Priority weeds progressively, and others as time permits.

Woody Trees & Shrubs

Where appropriate, remove trees via mechanical means (i.e. chainsaw or handsaw) and apply chemical to the cut stump. Material may be retained on-Site or disposed of appropriately off-Site. Retained material should be situated to provide additional ground habitat and slope stability but should not be left in such a way that would hamper natural regeneration or existing native plants. Care should be taken with species which have the capacity to regrow vegetatively such as Erythrina x sykesii (Coral Tree). Alternatively, trees and shrubs may be treated via frill or drill application of herbicide and left to perish in-situ as habitat.

Woody Thickets Treat via cut or scrape and paint or high-concentration low-volume foliar herbicide control (i.e. splatter application). Material may be left in-situ (particularly after spraying) or broken up and rafted off the ground to perish (taking care to remove from expected high flow areas of the creek). Do not manually remove root stock in a manner that will encourage soil instability or erosion. Once dead, standing material may be broken down and left on the ground as mulch. Mechanical removal (i.e. brush cutter equipped with mulching blade or similar) may be used where practical and regrowth treated with foliar application of herbicide.

Vines and Creepers

Skirt from trees and vegetation to prevent smothering and leave material to perish in-situ. Cut or scrape and paint stems or runners. Foliar herbicide control where appropriate. Do not unduly expose soil via manual removal of plants where they may be providing soil stabilisation. Isolated manual removal as appropriate.

Ground Cover Retain exotic species where they are providing ground stabilisation or habitat until such time as they hinder native species establishment or are no longer necessary. Relevant examples include retaining Tradescantia fluminensis (Trad) along drainage lines where removal would expose bare soil to erosion. Weed control is to focus on the patch removal of such weeds from around native regeneration or planting, with progressive removal of larger patches over time.

Retention of forage/habitat

Retain trees and shrubs that have evidence of occupation i.e. bird nest/possum drey, until such time as other suitable habitat is available or the nest is abandoned. Retain manageable clumps of vegetation that can be easily removed at a later date for intermediate food and habitat supply within the semi-cleared and disturbed landscape, which will emerge between weed control and establishment of native plants. Retain Ligustrum spp. (Privet) seedlings resulting from mass germination for soil stabilisation and as a fodder resource to reduce herbivore browsing on emerging native seedlings until native plants are able to fulfill this role.

These retained features can be removed as they become redundant or to make way for plantings at the discretion of the Bush Regeneration Contractor (BRC).


Table 3 – Proposed Works Schedule

Management

Area Action

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

All Pathogen and disease

controls

All Primary Weeding

All

Set up Monitoring Plots

and Photo Points

(collect baseline data)

All Install appropriate

sediment and erosion.

All Install fencing and

signage

All Feral Animal controls

All Planting

All

Secondary Weed

Control and

maintenance

All Tertiary Weed Control

and maintenance

All Monitoring of planting,

weeds controls, bank

stability and water

quality parameters

All Monitoring of Fencing,

Erosion and sediment

controls

These should be checked annually for the life of the VMP and after heavy rainfall events (rainfall >25mm) to ensure they are still operational

All Reporting

Final

Report


Reference

Auld, B A & Medd, R W, (1992) Weeds, An Illustrated Botanical Guide to the Weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Sydney.

Bradley, J (2002) Bringing back the Bush: the Bradley Method of Bush Regeneration. Lansdowne Publishing. Sydney.

Buchanan, R (1989) Bush Regeneration, Recovering Australian Landscapes. Macarthur Press Pty. Limited. Australia.

Cropper, S (1993) Management of Endangered Plants. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria.

Davies, P & Dixon, P (2003) Bush Regeneration: A Practical Guide to Contract Management. Environment Protection Authority (NSW).

Department of Primary Industries (2012) Guidelines for Vegetation Management Plans on Waterfront Land. Office of Water (NSW)

Harden, G (ed) (2000) Flora of New South Wales, Volume 1. Revised edition. UNSW, Kensington, NSW.

Harden, G (ed) (2002) Flora of New South Wales, Volume 2. Revised edition. UNSW, Kensington, NSW.

Harden, G (ed) (1992) Flora of New South Wales, Volume 3. UNSW, Kensington, NSW.

Harden, G (ed) (1993) Flora of New South Wales, Volume 4. UNSW, Kensington, NSW.

Landcom (2004) Managing Urban Stormwater: Soils and Construction. Landcom Parramatta.

Mortlock, W (1998) Florabank Guideline 5: Seed Collection from Woody Plants for Local Revegetation. Florabank, ACT.

NSW Department of Primary Industry (No Date) NSW Weedwise. https://weeds.dpi.nsw.gov.au/

OEH (2014) Threatened Species, Populations and Ecological Communities. (http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/tsprofile/).

Robinson, L (1991) Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney. Revised Second Edition. Kangaroo Press.

Society for Ecological Restoration Australasia (2018) National standards for the practice of ecological restoration in Australia. Society for

Ecological Restoration Australasia.

Strahan, R (2004) The Mammals of Australia. New Holland Publishers.

Tyler, M J, and Knight, F (2011) Field Guide to the Frogs of Australia. Revised Edition. CSIRO Publishing.

Wilson, S and Swan, G (2003) A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia. Reed New Holland Publishers.

https://weeds.dpi.nsw.gov.au/

http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/tsprofile/


Appendix A – Revegetation Species List

2133 – Scholfieds VMP July 2020

Revegetation Species List – Densities and species for revegetation within the Management Zones. Management

Zones Regeneration

Approach Canopy Density Shrubs Density Understorey

Ground Covers Density

Cumberland Swamp Oak Riparian Forest

1 & 2 Reconstruction

Acacia decurrens

10/100m2

Olearia viscidula

15/100m2

Brunoniella australis Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis

Planting at 20/100m2

Acacia parramattensis Ozothamnus diosmifolius Arthropodium milleflorum

Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora

Angophora floribunda Hibbertia diffusa Centella asiatica Dianella longifolia

Angophora subvelutina Leucopogon juniperinus Einadia hastata Austrostipa ramosissima

Casuarina glauca Breynia oblongifolia Einadia trigonos Bothriochloa macra

Eucalyptus amplifolia Acacia floribunda Commelina cyanea Digitaria parviflora

Eucalyptus eugenioides Acacia implexa Carex longebrachiata Echinopogon caespitosus

Eucalyptus moluccana Indigofera australis Cyperus enervis Echinopogon ovatus

Eucalyptus tereticornis

Eremophila debilis Cyperus gracilis Entolasia marginata

Melaleuca linariifolia Cyperus laevis Eragrostis leptostachya

Melaleuca stypheloides Fimbristylis dichotoma Lachnagrostis filiformis

Bursaria spinosa Gahnia aspera Microlaena stipoides

Rubus parvifolius Lepidosperma laterale Oplismenus aemulus

Dodonaea viscosa subsp. cuneata

Bossiaea prostrata Paspalidium distans

Desmodium brachypodum

Phragmites australis

Desmodium varians Poa affinis

Glycine clandestina Themeda australis

Glycine microphylla Asperula conferta

Glycine tabacina Solanum prinophyllum

Juncus usitatus Typha orientalis

Ajuga australis Cayratia clematidea

Plectranthus parviflorus Persicaria decipiens

Lobelia purpurascens Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides


Appendix B – Monitoring Assessment Sheets


Baseline / Annual Monitoring Sheet 20x20m Quadrat – Species Diversity & Abundance Zone: VC: Date: No. Assessors: GPS Start: GPS Finish: Time Start: Time Finish: Weather:

Upper stratum C Ab Mid stratum C Ab Lower stratum C Ab Lower stratum C Ab

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