Verbo To Be

I

YouWeThey

HeSheIt

Am

Are

IS

Interrogativas

Interrogativas• Verbo To be

You are / were playing football. Are / Were you playing football?

• Auxiliares – do/does (Presente)

She plays the piano very well. Does she play the piano very well?

• Auxiliares – did (Passado)

She played the piano very well. Did she play the piano very well?

Presente

Presente

IYouWeThey

HeSheIt

Works

Work

Diagram of Frequency

Always0%100%

Usually

Often

Sometimes

Rarely

SeldomFrequently

Never

Presente Contínuo

Presente Contínuo

Presente do verbo to be + verbo + ing

I amYou areHe isShe isIt isWe areYou areThey are

+ to be + Working

I am working now.

You are not wearing

He is walking

You are not doing

You are sitting

They are not eating

Passado

Passado

IYouHe, She, ItWeYouThey

Worked / drove (Regular) (Irregular)

Usos

• Ações definidas no passado com expressões que indicam passado (yesterday, ago, last night, etc)

Jack swan in the gym last night.

Kate saw a ghost two months ago.

Passado Contínuo

Passado Contínuo

• Passado do verbo to be + verbo + ing

I You He, She, It We You They

+ passado do To Be + Working / driving

I was working yesterday.

Usos

• Ação que estava acontecendo no passado

They were talking with me yesterday.

• Ação que estava acontecendo e começou outra

She was playing guitar when the bell rang.

metwas shoppingwas walking

beganwas workinghurted

was staying went

didforgot

were living

sawwas working

was talking went

was

Futuros

Futuro Simples

• Afirmativa – will + verbo no infinitivo sem o “to”

I will sing next week.

It will rain next week.

Futuro Contínuo

• Will + be + verbo + ing

At this time next week, I will be travelling to Paris.

• Dizer que algo estará em andamento em um certo instante no futuro

I will be living in London next year.

Futuro com “going to”

• Verbo to be + going to + verbo no infinitivo sem “to” (geralmente com advérbio de tempo)

I am going to watch a movie tomorrow.

• Expressar intenções, planos ou decisões

She is going to eat pasta.

Leave/room

KATE

PAULO

MARY

JOHN

Presente Perfeito

Presente Perfeito

• Have / has + 3ª coluna

They have seen a blue bird.

• Ação indefinita no passado

We have finished our homework.

• Com since (= desde) e for (= há, faz)

She has lived in London since 1983.

Passado vs. Presente Perfeito

• Passado – especifica o tempo

Paul lost his keys yesterday.

• Presente Perfeito – não especifíca o tempo

Paul has lost his keys.

Present Perfect vs. Simple Past

1) Peter _______ football yesterday.2) The girls _______________ their lunch

yet.3) Last year we ______ to Italy.4) _____ you _____ the game of chess?

played

have not eaten

went

wonHave

Passado Perfeito

Passado Perfeito

• Had + 3ª coluna

After I had finished lunch, I watched TV.

• Ação que ocorreu no passado antes de outra ação também no passado

He didn’t go to the cinema because he had already seen the movie.

had spent

lefthad phoned

had washedturned on

arrived had started

wanted

Adjetivos e Pronomes

Possessivos

Adjetivos Possessivos

Adjetivos Demonstrativos

Pronomes Relativos e Reflexivos

Pronomes Relativos

Pronomes Relativos

• Who = quem – usado antes de verbo e pessoa

The lady who left the room is my cousin. • Whom = quem – usado apenas antes de pessoa

The lady whom I talked to is my cousin.

Pronomes Relativos• Which = que, o (a) qual – usado quando o antecedente for coisa

The bakery which is on the corner is very cheap.

• That = que – usado quando o antecedente for pessoa ou coisa

• Whose = cujo (a) – usado quando o antecedente for pessoa ou coisa, indicando posse

Jane is the woman whose car he crashed into.

Pronomes Relativos• Where = onde – indica lugar

The factory where I work is far from here.

• When = quando - indica tempo

Is there a time when we can meet?

• Why = por que – indica razão

The reason why I’m crying is to invite you to the party.

who

whose

which

whose

who

Pronomes Reflexivos

Usos

• Pronome Reflexivo – após o verbo da oração, concordando com o sujeito

She combs herself before living.

• Pronome Recíproco – each other e one another

John and Mary love each other.

himself

himselfmyself

yourself

herselfourselves

Graus dos Adjetivos

Graus dos Adjetivos

Graus dos Adjetivos

• Comparativo de Igualdade Positivo

As cold as = tão frio quantoWinter is as cold as Autumn.

• Comparativo de Inferioridade

Less cold than = menos frio queAutumn is less cold than Winter.

Graus dos Adjetivos

Graus dos Adjetivos• Comparativo de Superioridade• Palavras Pequenas – er

Tall – taller

I’m taller than you.

• Comparativo de Superioridade• Palavras Grandes – more ... than

Careful – more careful than

An adult is more careful than a child.

Graus dos Adjetivos

Graus dos Adjetivos

• Superlativo de Inferioridade

The least cold = o menos frio

Summer is the least cold season.

Graus dos Adjetivos

Graus dos Adjetivos• Superlativo de Superioridade• Palavras Grandes – the ... est

Tall – the tallest

I’m the tallest person in the class.

• Superlativo de Superioridade• Palavras Pequenas – the most

Careful – the most careful

Snakes are the most careful animal on Earth.

as fast as

not as low asas bad as

as optimistic asnot as windy as

not as tall as

Graus dos Adjetivos Irregulares

nicerolder

most difficult

most interesting

better

more boring

Verbos Modais

Resumo

• Can, could, be able to, may, might permissão, possibilidade

• Should, ought to conselho

• Must, have to obrigação, dever

• Would rather preferência

• Be supposed to expectativa

• Used to/be used to hábito passado/presente

Can / Could

She Can/could/be able to/may/might play the piano.

You should/ought to/had better study more.

You must stop at a stop sign.

I would rather stay home than go to the party.

Classes are supposed to begin at 7:00.

She used to/is used to spend her holidays at the seaside.

Exercícios

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1859#a

http://users.telenet.be/oldlark2002/GRAMMAR/MODAL-VERBS-1-MULTIPLE-CHOICE.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/grammar/Modal_Verbs/Exercises/

Fala Reportada

Fala Reportada

• Mudanças Verbais

Fala Reportada

• Mudanças Temporais

Fala Reportada

Fala DiretaSam: I am going to buy a bike tomorrow.

Fala ReportadaSam said that he was going to buy a bike

the following day.

Caso Genitivo

Genitive Case

• Indicar posse

• Regra geral acrescentar ’s aos substantivos que não terminam em s.

Jane’s flat is big.

• Se terminar em s, acrescenta-se apenas ’ (apóstrofe).

The birds’ wings.

Genitive Case

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2452

Peter’s

Children’sJohn’sSusan Steve’sMen’s

Smiths’

Infinitivo vs. Gerundio

Infinitivo

• Forma normal do verbo

• Utilizado com ou sem to

• Após adjetivos, advérbios e substantivos

It’s easy to play the piano.

Gerundio

• Forma ing do verbo

• Após preposições (IMPORTANTE)

I’m afraid of falling down.

Infinitivo / Gerundio

to answer

to getseeing

visiting

Preposições

In

• In – lugar como uma ÁREA

I've been teaching at a college in london.

• In – DENTRO de algo ou algum lugar

The bread is in the oven.

In

• He's in the kitchen.

• There is a shark in the water!

• It was written in the newspaper.

• Chile is a country in South America.

On

• On – lugar como uma SUPERFÍCIE

I sat down on the sofa.

• On – GRUDADO ou ENCOSTADO em algo

The man is on the tree.

On

The book is on the table.

There is a mirror on the wall.

There is a stain on his shirt.

He likes riding on his horse.

At

• At – lugar como um PONTO

She waited at the bus stop for twenty minutes.

• At – refere-se a POSIÇÃO ou LOCALIZAÇÃO

I’m at Hogwarts.

At

• He is at the restaurant.

• They met at a party.

• He is sitting at the corner.

• He was standing at the window.

Prepositions

http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.prep.i.htm

Voz Passiva

Voz Passiva

• Simple PresentWashes – is washed

• Simple PastWashed – was washed

• Simple FutureWill wash – will be washed

• Present ContinuousIs washing – is being washed

• Past ContinuousWas washing – was being

washed

• Immediate FutureIs going to wash – is going to be

washed

Voz Passiva

• Present PerfectHas washed – has been washed

• Past PerfectHad washed – had been washed

Voz Passiva

• Voz Ativa – Sujeito + verbo + objeto

She bought a book.

• Voz Passiva – Sujeito + verbo to be + verbo no particípio passado

A book was bought (by she).

Voz Passiva

Three cats was rescued.

The reports were handed in.

The blue car was crashed into.

The poem was learned.

The book has been forgotten.

The DVD recorder has not been repaired.