verily, along with every al-quran: 94; 5 study...

YUSRA MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE, ISLAMABADZaraj Housing Scheme, Opp DHA Phase II, Gate 3

Main GT Road, Islamabad.Phone: 5709443-5 Fax: 5709428

& D l ea nci tade l CM oa llr es gu eY

Al-Quran: 94; 5

Verily, along with everyhardship is relief

STUDY GUIDE

YUSRA MEDICAL &

DENTAL COLLEGE, ISLAMABAD

st1 Year MBBS

2017

Cardiovascular Module

& D l ea nci tade l CM oa llr es gu eY

Al-Quran: 94; 5

Verily, along with everyhardship is relief

Index

S.No Topic Page

1 Team members 1

2 Introduc�on 2

3 Curriculum framework 4

4 Main content areas 5

5 Teaching / learning methods 6

6 Student assessment 7

7 Recommended reading material 8

8 Organiza�on of module 9

9 Anatomy 10

10 Physiology 25

11 Biochemistry 34

12 Ver�cal integra�on 41

13 Timetable 46

1

Team Members 2017

Name Commi�ee Department

Dr. Masooma Talib

Assistant Professor Chief Coordinator Biochemistry

Dr. Ghazala Jawwad

Assistant Professor Coordinator Physiology

Dr. Fa�ma Mukhtar

Demonstrator Member Anatomy

Dr. Misbah Rahim

Demonstrator Member Biochemistry

Dr. Faiza Batool

Assistant Professor Member Medicine

Dr. Farah Rashid Siddiqui

Professor Member DME / Community Medicine

Dr. Afreenish Hassan

Assistant Professor Member Pathology

Dr. Fa�ma Qasim

Demonstrator Member

Pharmacology

Dr. Shabbir Rana

Professor Member Surgery

2

INTRODUCTION

Assalam-u-Alaikum and a very warm welcome to all the medical students of

the first year MBBS in a new module. The cardiovascular module has been

developed as a con�nua�on of integrated medical curriculum in Yusra Medical

and Dental College, Islamabad. It will be covered in 7 weeks in shaa Allah.

This module will comprehensively cover anatomical, physiological and

biochemical aspects of cardiovascular system with input from the departments

of surgery, medicine, pharmacology, pathology and community medicine.

This module features the anatomy and development of heart and circulatory

system. In physiology, a�er learning the physiological func�ons of the healthy

heart and the varia�ons in its func�ons during illness in previous module, this

module has been planned to study the organiza�on of cardiovascular system,

regula�on of blood flow, blood pressure and the related pathophysiology.

Hyperlipidemias play a pivotal role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis leading to

ischemic heart disease. Also cardiac enzymes have a key role in diagnosis,

treatment and prognosis of ischemic heart diseases. In biochemistry students

will be learning the structural, func�onal and biomedical importance of lipids

and enzymes.

3

General Learning Objec�ves:

By the end of this module, the students will be able to:

ANATOMY

· Explain the major anatomical features of heart and medias�num.

· Describe the gross structure, development and histology of heart and major blood

vessels.

PHYSIOLOGY

· Explain the organiza�on of cardiovascular system.

· Describe the local blood flow control mechanisms.

· Explain the regula�on of blood pressure and cardiac output.

· Relate the pathophysiology of congenital and acquired cardiac dysfunc�ons.

BIOCHEMISTRY

· Explain the structure and func�onal importance of lipids.

· Discuss the role of enzymes in health and disease.

5

MAIN CONTENT AREAS ANATOMY General Anatomy:

· Circulatory system

Histology:

· Blood vessels and heart

Embryology:

· Development of heart and vessels

· Placenta and fetal circula�on

Gross Anatomy

· Heart and great vessels

· Medias�num

PHYSIOLOGY

· Overview of circula�on, biophysics of pressure, flow and resistance

· Vascular distensability and func�on of arterial and venous system

· Microcircula�on, lympha�c system, capillary fluid exchange, inters��al fluid and

lymph flow

· Local and humoral control of �ssue blood flow

· Nervous regula�on of circula�on and rapid control of arterial pressure

· Role of kidney in long term control of arterial pressure and hypertension: the

integrated system for arterial blood pressure regula�on

· Cardiac output, venous return and their regula�on

· Muscle blood flow , cardiac output during exercise, the coronary circula�on and

ischemic heart disease

· Cardiac failure, heart valves, heart sounds, valvular and congenital heart defects,

circulatory shock and its treatment

BIOCHEMISTRY

· Chemistry of lipids

· Enzymes

6

Teaching / Learning Methods

The teaching and learning sessions of this module will be of diverse types:

a. Large group interac�ve sessions (LGIS)

b. Small group teaching will include interac�ve tutorials(SGIS)

c. Problem – based learning sessions (PBL) or Case based learning sessions (CBL).

d. Prac�cal sessions will comprise sessions on early exposure to clinical methods and

prac�cal laboratory demonstra�ons.

e. Seminars on different topics, in which students will give oral presenta�ons on different

aspects of the allocated topics.

f. Directed self learning (DSL): Students are pre advised the topics and they study them

under supervision.

g. Self-directed learning sessions (SDL): This is the �me during which students are

expected to revise what they have learnt in the class, clear their concepts by consul�ng

different text books, reference material and prepare their assignments and projects.

h. Skill laboratory: Students learn medical skills in lab e.g. CPR(cardiopulmonary

resuscita�on)

7

End of block exams

1. During the academic years of 1st and 2ndMBBS, there will be 3 end-of-block exams each year. The

results of these block exams will carry 30% weightage as the internal assessment for the final

professional examina�ons of the 1st and 2nd MBBS years.

2. Each end-of-block exam will have following pa�ern:

a) There will be two theory papers, one for Module I and one for Module II for each block.

b) These integrated theory papers will have components of following subjects:

i. Three horizontally integrated subjects i.e. anatomy, physiology and biochemistry

ii. Ques�ons from longitudinally integrated subject of community medicine and other

ver�cally integrated clinical special�es.

c) The pa�ern of integrated theory paper will be as following:

i. 50 MCQs – 1 mark each (most of the MCQs will be one best type, scenario – based)

ii. 10 SEQs – 5 marks each (Most of SEQs will be scenario – based)

d) The pa�ern of the OSPE will be as following:

i. 10 OSPE sta�ons based on contents of Module – I 10 marks each

ii. 10 OSPE sta�ons based on contents of Module – II 10 marks each

Summary of marks

Two Theory Papers: MCQs: 50 (1X50) = 50 Marks SEQs: 10 (5X10) = 50 Marks ____________________________

100 X 2 = 200 Marks ____________________________

OSPE:

- 10 sta�ons of module I: 10X10 = 100 Marks - 10 sta�ons of module II: 10X10 = 100 Marks ____________________________________________

20X10 = 200 Marks

____________________________________________

Assessment

8

Recommended Reading Material

LEARNING RESOURCES

Gross Anatomy i. Clinical Anatomy by Regions, Richard S. Snell- 9th edi�on, 2012. Reference Books ii. Gray’s Anatomy 40th edi�on, 2008. General Anatomy iii. General Anatomy by Dr. Laiq Hussain, 3rd edi�on 2011. iv. Understanding General Anatomy by Professor Tasadduq Hussain-14th edi�on, 2014. Embryology v. Langman’s Medical Embryology, 12th edi�on, 2012. Histology

vi. Medical Histology by Dr. LaiqHussain , 5th edi�on, 2015. vii. Difiore’s Atlas of Histology - 12th edi�on, 2013. Physiology viii. Guyton and Hall Text book of Medical Physiology. 13 th edi�on, 2016. ix. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. Lauralee Sherwood, 9 th edi�on, 2014. x. Lab Manual Physiology, part 1 st, 3rd edi�on.

Biochemistry i. Lippinco�’s illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry 6th edi�on, 2014.

ii. Harper’s illustrated Biochemistry. 30 th edi�on, 2012. iii. Essen�als of Medical Biochemistry. Mushtaq Ahmed, Vol I and II, 8 th edi�on, 2011.

Pathology

i. Robbins Basic Pathology (9th edi�on).

Medicine i. Davidsons Principle and prac�ce of Medicine, 22ndEd, Part 2.

Pharmacology

i. Bertram G. Katzung, 13th edi�on, chapter 35. ii. Bertram G. Katzung, 13th edi�on, chapter 11.

9

Organiza�on

Time distribu�on

Horizontal Integra�on Basic Medical Sciences

· Anatomy 112 hours

· Physiology 95 hours

· Biochemistry 95 hours

· PBL/ CBL 12 hours

Ver�cal Integra�on

· Pathology 2 hours

· Pharmacology 2 hours

· Medicine 2hours

· Surgery 2 hours

Longitudinal Integra�on

· Community Medicine 4 hours

· Islamiat & Pak studies 17 hours

_______________________________

Total: 343hours

_______________________________

ANATOMY

10

GENERAL ANATOMY LECTURES

S No

Learning Objec�ves By the end of the session, students will be able to:

Content Areas Teaching Ac�vity

(Dura�on) Assessment

1. INTRODUCTION TO CVS

· Outline the organiza�on and components of cardiovascular system.(K)

· General organiza�on of CVS

· Components

· Introduc�on to heart

Ø Loca�on

Ø Chambers

Ø Right and le� heart

Ø Walls of heart

· Introduc�on to blood vessels

Ø Types

Ø General structure

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

11

EMBRYOLOGY LECTURES

S No




1. DEVELOPMENT OF BODY CAVITIES AND SEROUS MEMBRANES

· Explain the primi�ve body cavity and Serous membranes. (K)

· Lateral plate mesoderm

· Thoracic, pericardial and

peritoneal cavi�es

· Parietal and visceral layers of

thoracic, pericardial and

peritoneal cavi�es

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

2. DEVELOPMENT OF HEART-I

· Describe the development of endocardial heart tube and forma�on of cardiac loop.(K)

· Forma�on of cardiac myoblasts

· Establishment of cardiogenic

field

· Forma�on and posi�on of heart

tube

· Layers of heart tube

· Forma�on of the cardiac loop

· Forma�on of primi�ve right and

le� ventricles

· Clinical correla�ons

Ø Chambers of primi�ve heart

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

3. DEVELOPMENT OF HEART-II

· Outline the development of sinus venosus and forma�on of cardiac septa.(K)

· Development and fate of sinus

venosus

· Par��oning of common ventricle

· Septum forma�on in common

atrium

· Septum sporium

· Further differen�a�on of atria

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

12

septum forma�on in

atrioventricular canal

· Atrioventricular valves

· Sinoatrial valves

· Septum forma�on in truncus

arteriosus and conus cordis

· Semilunar valves

4. BIRTH DEFECTS OF HEART

· Discuss the congenital

anomalies of heart

consequences of cardiac

defects.(K)

· Ectopia cordis

· Dextrocardia

· Tetralogy of Fallot

· Transposi�on of pulmonary

artery and aorta

· Persistant truncus arteriosus

· Ventricular septal defects

· Atrial septal defects

· Transposi�on of great vessels

· DiGeorge sequence

· Valvular stenosis

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

5. DEVELOPMENT OF ARTERIAL

SYSTEM

· Describe the development

of aor�c arches. (K)

· Development of aor�c arches

· Deriva�ves of aor�c arches

· Fate of aor�c arches

· Vitelline and umbilical arteries

· Birth defects of major arteries

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

6. DEVELOPMENT OF VENOUS

SYSTEM

· Discuss the development of

venous system. (K)

· Vitelline veins

· Umbilical veins

· Cardinal veins

· Anastomosis between veins

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

13

· Birth defects of major venous

system

7. CIRCULATION BEFORE AND

AFTER BIRTH

· Discuss fetal circula�on and

changes at birth. (K)

· Fetal circula�on

· Satura�on of oxygen in various

vessels

· Circulatory changes at birth

Ø Closure of umbilical arteries

Ø Median umblical ligament

Ø Closure of ductus venosus

Ø Closure of ligamentum teres

Ø Ligamentum arteriosum

Ø Ligamentum venosum

Ø Closure of ductus arteriosus

Ø Closure of foramen ovale

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

14

HISTOLOGY LECTURES

S

No.

Learning Objec�ves

By the end of the session,

students will be able to:

Content Areas

Teaching

Ac�vity

(Dura�on)

Assessment

1. Vascular system

· Explain the microscopic

features of vessels. (K)

· Microscopic features

of blood vessels

· Histological features

of layers of heart

· Microscopic

appearance of

endocardium,

myocardium and

pericardium

· Intercalated discs

· Microscopic

structures of tunica

in�ma, tunica media

and tunica adven��a

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs

SEQs

SAQs

2. ARTERIAL SYSTEM-I

· Discuss the

histological

structure of large

size artery. (K)

· Types of arteries

· Microscopic

appearance of large

size arteries

· Layers of large size

artery

· Histological

differences between

different types of

arteries

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs

SEQs

SAQs

3. ARTERIAL SYSTEM-II

· Describe the

microscopic

features of medium

size artery. (K)

· Histological structure of medium size artery

· Types of medium size arteries

· Microscopic differences between large and medium size arteries

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs

SEQs

SAQs

15

4. SMALL SIZE ARTERIES

· Discuss the microscopic features of medium size artery. (K)

· Histological structure of small size artery

· Microscopic features of small size artery.

· Histological differences between small size arteries and capillaries

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs

SEQs

SAQs

5. VENOUS SYSTEM –I

· Describe the various types of veins

· Explain their microscopic features. (K)

· Diameter of different sizes of vessels

· Microscopic structure of various types of veins

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs

SEQs

SAQs

6. VENOUS SYSTEM –II

· Describe the various types of capillary. (K)

· Types of capillaries

· Microscopic appearance of each type of capillary

· Histological difference between each type of capillary

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs

SEQs

SAQs

16

HISTOLOGY PRATICALS

S

NO.


By the end of the session, students

will be able to:


(Dura�on)

1. HEART

· Iden�fy and draw the

microscopic picture of

cardiac muscle. (S)

· Microscopic picture of heart in cross sec�on

· Microscopic picture of

heart in longitudinal

sec�on

· Microscopic picture

showing intercalated

disc

Demonstra�on

2 hours

2. AORTA

· Iden�fy and draw

microscopic picture of aorta.

(S)


showing the layers of

wall of an elas�c artery

· Histological features of

large size artery

Demonstra�on

2 hours

3. LARGE SIZED VEIN


microscopic picture of large

sized vein. (S)


showing the layers of a

large size vein

· Features of a large size

vein

Demonstra�on

2 hours

4. MEDIUM SIZED VEIN


microscopic picture of

medium sized vein. (S)


showing the layers of a

medium size vein

· Histological features of

a medium size vein

Demonstra�on

2 hours

5. CAPILLARIES

· Iden�fy and draw microscopic picture of capillaries. (S)

· Microscopic picture of

sinusoidal capillary,

con�nuous capillary

and fenestrated

capillary

Demonstra�on

2 hours

6 POST CAPILLARY VENULE

· Demonstrate and draw the microscopic picture of post capillary venule. (S)

· Microscopic picture of post capillary venule

· Comparison between post capillary venule and sinusoid

Demonstra�on 2 hours

17

ANATOMY PRATICALS

S

No.


By the end of the session,

students will be able to:

Content Areas

Teaching

Ac�vity

(Dura�on)

Assessment

1.

MEDIASTINUM

· Demonstrate

boundaries, subdivisions

and contents of

medias�num. (S)

· Defini�on

· Boundaries

· Loca�on

· Subdivisions:

Ø Superior

Ø Anterior

Ø Middle

Ø Posterior

· Contents


Demonstra�on

2 hours

OSPE

2. PERICARDIUM

· Demonstrate layers of

pericardium and

pericardial sinuses. (S)

· Defini�on

· Func�on

· Rela�ons

· Types:

Ø Fibrous

Ø Serous

· Layers:

Ø Parietal

Ø Visceral

· Pericardial sinuses

· Clinical correla�ons:

Ø Pericardi�s

Ø Cardiac tamponade


OSPE

3. HEART-I

· Demonstrate the

anatomical posi�on,

surfaces and borders of

heart. (S)

· Loca�on

· Anatomical posi�on

· Surfaces:

Ø Sternocostal

Ø Diaphragma�c

Ø Base

Ø Apex


OSPE

18

· Borders:

Ø Right

Ø Le�

Ø Lower

Ø Apex

4. HEART-II

· Demonstrate the gross

anatomical structure of

heart. (S)

· Walls of heart

· Chambers of heart

Ø Right atrium, its

anatomical features

and openings

Ø Right ventricle

Ø Pulmonary valve

Ø Le� atrium, its

anatomical features

and openings

Ø Le� ventricle

Ø Mitral valve

Ø Aor�c valve

Demonstra�on

2 hours

OSPE

5. HEART-III

· Demonstrate the

conduc�ng system of

heart. (S)

· Skeleton of heart

· Conduc�ng system of

heart

· SA node

· AV node

· AV bundle

· Purkinje fibers

· Internodal conduc�on

pathway


Demonstra�on

2 hours

OSPE

6. HEART-IV

· Demonstrate the arterial

supply of heart. (S)

· Course of right coronary

artery

· Branches

· Regions supplied by

branches

· Course of le� coronary

Demonstra�on

2 hours OSPE

19

artery

· Branches

· Regions supplied by

branches

· Right/le� dominance


Ø Angina

Ø Myocardial infarc�on

7. HEART-V

· Demonstrate venous

drainage and nerve

supply of heart. (S)

· Venous drainage

Ø Coronary sinus

Ø Great cardiac vein

Ø Small cardiac vein

Ø Middle cardiac vein

Ø Anterior cardiac vein

· Nerve supply

Ø Cardiac plexus


Ø Cardiac pain

Demonstra�on

2 hours

OSPE

8. LARGE VEINS OF THE THORAX

· Demonstrate the large

veins of the thorax. (S)

· Brachiocephalic veins

Ø Forma�on

Ø Course

· Superior vena cava

Ø Forma�on

Ø Course

Ø Tributaries

· Inferior vena cava

Ø Course

· Pulmonary veins

Demonstra�on

2 hours

OSPE

9. LARGE SIZED VEINS

· Demonstrate the

azygous system of veins.

(S)

· Azygous vein

Ø Origin

Ø Course

Ø Tributaries

· Inferior hemiazygous vein

Ø Forma�on

Demonstra�on

2 hours OSPE

20

Ø Course

Ø Tributaries

· Superior hemiazygous

vein

Ø Forma�on

Ø Course


Ø Azygous vein and

caval obstruc�on

10. LARGE SIZED ARTERIES-I

· Demonstrate the aorta,

its parts and branches.

(S)

· Origin of aorta

· Parts of aorta

Ø Ascending aorta

Ø Arch of aorta

Ø Descending aorta

· Course

· Branches

· Distribu�on


Ø Aor�c aneurysm

Ø Coarcta�on of aorta

Demonstra�on

2 hours

OSPE

11. LARGE SIZED ARTERIES-II

· Demonstrate pulmonary

trunk and its branches.

(S)

· Course

· Branches

· Distribu�on

· Ligamentum arteriosum


Ø Patent ductus

arteriosus (PDA)

Demonstra�on

2 hours OSPE

12. LYMPHATICS

· Demonstrate thoracic

duct and right lympha�c

duct. (S)

· Thoracic duct

Ø Origin

Ø Length

Ø Course

Ø Drainage

Demonstra�on

2 hours

OSPE

21

Ø Tributaries

· Right lympha�c duct

Ø Forma�on

Ø Length

Ø Tributaries

Ø Drainage

13. NERVES OF THORAX

· Demonstrate the vagus

and phrenic nerves. (S)

· Course of right vagus

nerve in thorax

· Course of le� vagus nerve

in thorax

· Rela�ons

· Branches

· Distribu�on

· Course of right phrenic

nerve

· Course of le� phrenic

nerve

· Rela�ons

· Distribu�on

Demonstra�on

2 hours OSPE

14.

THORACIC PART OF

SYMPATHETIC TRUNK

· Demonstrate thoracic

part of sympathe�c

trunk. (S)

· Forma�on of common

spinal nerve

· Forma�on of sympathe�c

trunk

· Arrangement

· Distribu�on

· Branches

Demonstra�on

2 hours

OSPE

15. SURFACE ANATOMY

· Demonstrate the surface

anatomy of heart. (S)

· Surface anatomy of heart

Ø Borders

Ø Apex

Ø Heart valves

· Areas of ausculta�on

Demonstra�on

2 hours OSPE

16. RADIOGRAPHS

· Demonstrate

radiographs of heart. (S)

· Chest x-ray

· Normal heart shadow

· Borders of heart

Demonstra�on

2 hours OSPE

22

ANATOMY SEMINARS

S

No. Topics Content Areas

Teaching

Ac�vity

(Dura�on)

Assessment

GENERAL ANATOMY TOPICS:

1. Pericardium and pericardial sinuses

· Pericardium

· Pericardial sinuses

Student Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking / Evalua�on Marks 10

2. Gross anatomy of heart · Gross features of heart Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

3. Blood supply of heart · Blood supply of heart Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

4. Superior medias�num and great vessels

· Superior medias�num

· Great vessels

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

5. Conduc�ng system of heart · Conduc�ng system of heart Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

6. Posterior medias�num · Posterior medias�num Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

7. Thoracic aorta · Thoracic aorta Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

23

8. Chambers of heart

· Chambers of heart Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

9. Valves of heart · Valves of heart Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

Embryology Topics:

1. Development of endocardial heart tube

· Development of endocardial heart tube

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

2. Development of interatrial septum

· Development of interatrial septum

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

3. Development of interventricular septum

· Development of interventricular septum

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

4. Fate of sinus venosus · Fate of sinus venosus Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

5. Development of great vessels · Development of great vessels

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

6. Congenital anomalies of heart · Congenital anomalies of heart

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

7. Congenital anomalies of great vessels

· Congenital anomalies of great vessels

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

24

8. Development of main veins · Development of main veins Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

Histology Topics

1. General structure of blood vessels

· General structure of blood vessels

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

2. Histological features of large(elas�c)artery

· Histological features of large(elas�c)artery

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

3. Microscopic structure of muscular artery

· Microscopic structure of muscular artery

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

4. Capillaries and their types · Capillaries and their types Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

5. General structure of veins · General structure of veins Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

6. Histology of large veins · Histology of large veins Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

7. Microscopic difference of large artery and large vein

· Microscopic difference of large artery and large vein

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

PHYSIOLOGY

25

PHYSIOLOGY LECTURES

S No.


By the end of the session, students will be able to:



1. INTRODUCTION TO CIRCULATORY SYSTEM - I

· Comprehend the organiza�on of circulatory system. (K)

· Explain the interrela�onships of pressure, flow and resistance. (K)

· Organiza�on of systemic circula�on

· Types of blood vessels

· Difference between systemic and pulmonary circula�on

· Laminar flow in blood vessels

· Turbulent blood flow in blood vessels

· Reynold’s number

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

2. INTRODUCTION TO CIRCULATORY SYSTEM - II

· Describe the importance of vessel diameter in determining the arteriolar resistance. (K)

· Total peripheral resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance.

· Poiseuille’s law

· Resistance to blood flow in series and in parallel vascular circuits

· Effect of hematocrit on blood viscosity

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

3. VASCULAR DISTENSABILITY AND FUNCTIONS OF VEINS

· Describe the compliance of the vessels. (K)

· Explain the func�ons of veins. (K)

· Vascular compliance

· Transmission of Pressure pulses to the peripheralvessels

· Veins and their func�ons

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

4. MICROCIRCULATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

· Describe the physiological anatomy and func�ons of microcircula�on. (K) Explain the Starling’s equilibrium. (K)

· Flow of blood in the capillaries –vasomo�on.

· Factors affec�ng fluid filtra�on across the capillary.

· Calcula�on of Hydrosta�c and colloid osmo�c forces and filtration coefficient

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

26

5.

FUNCTIONS OF LYMPHATICS

· Discuss the func�ons of lympha�cs. (K)

· Func�ons of Lympha�cs, cisterna chylii

· Significance of nega�ve inters��al fluid pressure as a means for holding the body fluid �ssues together

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

6. CONTROL OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW

–I

· Explain the general mechanism of acute control of local blood flow in the body. (K)

· Describe the mechanisms of acute control of local blood flow in various �ssues. (K)

· Metabolic theory for local blood flow control

· Ac�ve and reac�ve hyperemia

· Oxygen demand theory

· Acute control of local blood flow in kidney, brain and skin

· Control of �ssue blood flow by endothelial derived nitric oxide

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

7. CONTROL OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW

- II

· Describe the mechanisms of long term blood flow regula�on. (K)

· Describe the humoral control of circula�on. (K)

· Humoral control of blood flow

· Role of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents

· Vascular control by ions and chemical factors

· Angiogenesis

· Retrolental fibroplasia

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

8. VASOMOTOR CENTER

· Describe the vasomotor center, its components and func�ons. (K)

· Vasoconstrictor and vasodilator area and their loca�on

· Control of heart ac�vity by vasomotor center

· Control of vasomotor center by higher nervous system

· Vasovagal syncope.

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

9. SHORT TERM REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE-I

· Enlist the reflex mechanisms in rapid control of arterial blood pressure. (K)

· Describe the role of baroreceptors in rapid control of blood pressure. (K)

· Role of nervous system in rapid control of arterial blood pressure

· Physiological anatomy of baroreceptors

· Response of baroreceptors to change in posture.

· Role of baroreceptors in short term and long term control of blood pressure

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

27

10. SHORT TERM REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE-II

· Discuss the control of blood pressure by chemoreceptors. (K) Describe the role of other reflexes in short term regula�on of blood pressure. (K)

· Chemoreceptor reflex

· CNS ischemic response

· Bainbridge reflex

· Volume reflex

· Abdominal compression reflex

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

11. LONG TERM REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE -I

· Describe the role of kidney in long term control of arterial blood pressure. (K)

· Defini�on of long term control of blood pressure

· Role of kidneys with the help of renin angiotensin system in long term control of blood pressure

· Pressure natriuresis and pressure diuresis mechanism

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

12. LONG TERM REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE -II

· Describe the integrated system for arterial blood pressure regula�on. (K)

· Importance of salt in renal body fluid regula�on

· Role of renin angiotensin system in maintaining arterial blood pressure constant despite large varia�ons in salt intake

· One kidney Goldbal� hypertension, Two kidney Goldbal� hypertension

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

13. HYPERTENSION

· Classify and explain the pathophysiology of hypertension.(K)

· Classifica�on of hypertension

· Effects of hypertension

· Pathophysiology of hypertension

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

14. CARDIAC OUTPUT-I

· Define cardiac output and explain the factors affec�ng cardiac output. (K)

· Defini�on of cardiac output

· Cardiac index

· Factors that cause hyper effec�ve and hypo effec�ve heart

· Role of nervous system in controlling cardiac output

· Effect of exercise on cardiac output

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs Viva

28

15. CARDIAC OUTPUT-II

· Define cardiac output and explain the determinants of cardiac output. (K)

· Enlist various methods to measure cardiac output and explain indicator dilu�on principle. (K)

· Effect of sympathe�c and parasympathe�c system on cardiac output and heart rate

· Stroke volume and its effect on cardiac output.

· Methods of measuring cardiac output

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

16. VENOUS RETURN AND ITS REGULATION

· Define venous return and explain the factors affec�ng venous return. (K)

· Defini�on of venous return

· Effect of gravity , muscle pump, respiratory pump on venous return Mean systemic filling pressure

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

17. MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW

· Discuss the local control of muscle blood flow at rest and during exercise. (K)

· Blood flow in the skeletal muscle at rest and during exercise

· Effect of exercise on cardiac output and stroke volume

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

18. CORONARY CIRCULATION · Explain coronary circula�on

and discuss its regula�on. (K)

· Coronary circula�on

· Phasic changes in the coronary blood flow during systole and diastole

· Local and nervous control of coronary blood flow

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

19. CARDIAC FAILURE

· Define and classify cardiac failure. (K)

· Explain the pathophysiology and compensatory mechanisms opera�ng in the cardiac failure. (K)

· Defini�on of cardiac failure

· Cardiac reserve

· Classifica�on and causes of cardiac failure

· Compensatory mechanism opera�ng in the cardiac failure.

· Mechanism of development of pulmonary edema in late stage of cardiac failure

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

20. HEART SOUNDS AND HEART DEFECTS

· Discuss the physiology of heart sounds with emphasis on normal heart valves. (K)

· Explain the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarc�on. (K)

· Normal and abnormal heart sounds

· Congenital heart defects and their effects

· Causes and presenta�on of congenital anomalies of heart

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

29

21. SHOCK–I

· Define shock and classify it on the basis of pathophysiology. (K)

· Enlist the causes of different types of shock. (K)

· Defini�on of shock

· Classifica�on and Causes of shock

· Clinical manifesta�ons in different types of shock

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

22. SHOCK –II

· Explain compensatory mechanisms opera�ve in reversible and progressive stages of shock. (K)

· Describe the physiological basis of treatment of shock. (K)

· Stages of shock

· Compensatory mechanisms in shock

· Pathophysiology of different types of shock

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

30

PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS

S No.




1. MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE

· Examine the blood pressure of a given subject by palpatory and auscultatory method. (S)

· Show gentleness during interac�on with the subject. (A)

· Protocol while examining blood pressure.

· Palpatory and auscultatory method of examining the blood pressure

Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

2 EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF POSTURE AND EXERCISE ON BLOOD PRESSURE

· Examine the blood pressure of a given subject in lying and supine posi�on. (S)

· Examine the blood pressure of a given subject at rest and a�er treadmill exercise. (S)

· Organize the examina�on in a manner which is comfortable for the pa�ent. (A)

· Protocol while examining blood pressure

· Physiological basis of Korotkoff’s sound

Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

3 EXAMINATION OF RADIAL PULSE

· Examine the radial pulse of a given subject. (S)

· Protocol while examining radial pulse

· Rate , rhythm ,volume , character and condi�on of vessel wall

OSPE

4. EXAMINATION OF PERIPHERAL PULSE

· Examine the brachial and femoral pulse of a given subject. (S)

· Express concern about pa�ent’s health. (A)

· Protocol while examining brachial and femoral pulse: greet, consent, proper exposure

· Clinical importance of checking these pulses

Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

5. EXAMINATION OF VEINS

· Examine the neck veins and upper and lower limb veins of a given subject. (K)

· Difference between arterial and venous pulse

· Significance of engorged neck veins

Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

31

· Causes and significance of engorged veins of lower limb(long and short saphenous vein )

6. BLS/EVACUATION OF HEART PATIENT

· Perform the steps of basic life support in a given subject. (S)

· Steps of basic life support - Responsiveness - Compression - Airway - Breathing - Defibrilla�on

Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

7. EXAMINATION OF TRIPLE RESPONSE

· Demonstrate the three stages of response of skin to blunt mechanical injury. (K)

· Know the role of axon reflex and chemicals media�ng triple response. (K)

· Defini�on of triple response

· Stages of triple response: red reac�on, wheal, flare.

Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

32

PHYSIOLOGY SEMINARS

S No.

Topics

Content Areas

Teaching Ac�vity

(Dura�on)

Assessment

1. Func�on of arteries and veins

· Difference between systemic

and pulmonary circula�on

· Difference between arteries

and veins

· Interrela�onship of pressure,

flow and resistance.

· Starling’s equilibrium

· Mean systemic filling pressure


7 mins


2. Control of local blood flow

· Mechanism of local blood flow

control

· Metabolic theory and Oxygen

demand theory for local blood flow

control

· Ac�ve and reac�ve hyperemia

· Acute control of local blood

flow in kidney, brain , skin

· Long term blood flow

regula�on

· Role of vasoconstrictor and

vasodilator agents


7 mins


3. Regula�on of blood pressure

· Explain the mechanism

of short term and long

term control of blood

pressure.

· Vasomotor center

· Role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regula�on

· Response of baroreceptors to standing

· Chemoreceptor reflex

· CNS ischemic response and volume reflex

· Role of Renin angiotensin


7 mins


33

aldosterone system in long term control of blood pressure

4. Cardiac output and its regula�on

· Effect of sympathe�c and

parasympathe�c system on

cardiac output

· Stroke volume and its effect on

cardiac output.

· Methods of measuring cardiac

output

· Factors that cause hypereffec�ve

and hypoeffec�ve heart

· Role of nervous system in

controlling cardiac output

· Factors affec�ng venous return


7 mins


5. Coronary circula�on and

cardiac failure

· Regula�on of coronary

circula�on

· Defini�on, Classifica�on and

causes of cardiac failure

· Compensatory mechanisms

opera�ng in the cardiac failure.

· Mechanism of development of

pulmonary edema in late stage of

cardiac failure

· Complica�ons of cardiac failure


7 mins


6. Shock

· Defini�on and classifica�on and

causes

· Hemorrhagic shock

· Neurogenic shock

· Stages of shock

· Compensatory mechanisms in

reversible stage shock

· Pathophysiology of treatment of

shock


7 mins


BIOCHEMISTRY

34

BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURES

S No.

Learning Objec�ve By the end of the session, students will be able to:

Content Areas

Teaching Ac�vity

(Dura�on)

Assessment

1. INTRODUCTION TO LIPIDS

· Define and classify lipids along with their biomedical importance. (K)

· Defini�on of lipids

· Func�ons of lipids

· Biomedical importance of lipids

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

2. STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

· Discuss the structure and classify different types of lipids. (K)

· Structure of lipids

· Basis of classifica�on of lipids

· Classifica�on of lipids

· Types and examples of different classes

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

3. CLASSIFICATION OF FATTY ACIDS

· Differen�ate between nutri�onally essen�al and nonessen�al fa�y acids. (K)

· Essen�al and non essen�al fa�y acids

· Cis/ trans fa�y acids and their associa�on with cardiac diseases

· Saturated and unsaturated fa�y acids

· Significance of omega 3 & 6

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

4. COMPOUND LIPIDS

· Define compound lipids and discuss their different types with examples. (K)

· Defini�on of compound lipids

· Types of compound lipids LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

5. PHOSPHOLIPIDS

· Define, classify and discuss different types of phospholipids. (K)

· Defini�on, structure, types, composi�on, occurrence and func�ons of phospholipids

· Glycerophospholipids

· Sphingophospholipids

· Disorders linked with phospholipids

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

6. LIPID STORAGE DISEASES

· Enumerate and explain different types of lipid storage diseases. (K)

· Niemann-Pick disease

· Fabry disease

· Gaucher disease

· Tay-Sachs disease LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

35

7. Cholesterol

· Describe the structure, func�ons and biomedical importance of cholesterol. (K)

· Structure of cholesterol

· Steroids and sterols

· Substances derived from cholesterol

· Biomedical and clinical significance of cholesterol

· Hypercholesterolemia

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

8. EICOSANOIDS

· Discuss the forma�on and importance of eicosanoids. (K)

· Types of eicosanoids

· Structure and synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes

· Comparison of Thromboxane A2 and PGI2

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

9. INTRODUCTION TO ENZYMES

· Understand the concept of enzyme ac�vity. (K)

· Defini�on of enzymes

· Biomedical importance of enzyme ac�vity

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

10. CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES

· Classify enzymes. (K) · Different types of enzymes

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs

11. CHEMICAL NATURE AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ENZYMES

· Discuss the chemistry and mechanism of ac�on of enzymes. (K)

· Chemical nature of enzymes

· Mechanism of ac�on of enzymes

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs Viva

12. ENZYMES EMPLOY MULTIPLE MECHANISMS TO EMPLOY CATALYSIS

· Discuss the mul�ple mechanisms to facilitate enzyme catalysis. (K)

· Covalent catalysis

· Electrosta�c catalysis LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs Viva

13. FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY- I

· Discuss the factors affec�ng enzyme ac�vity. (K)

· Enzyme concentra�on

· Substrate concentra�on

· Effect of temperature

· Effect of pH

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs Viva

14. FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY- II

· Discuss the factors affec�ng enzyme ac�vity. (K)

· Effects of products of reac�on

· Cofactors, coenzymes and prosthe�c groups

· Inhibitors

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs Viva

36

15. PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES

· Discuss different proper�es of enzymes. (K)

· Specificity

· Nature

· Direc�on of enzyme reac�on

· Proenzymes

· Induc�on and repression of enzymes

· Isozymes

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs Viva

16.

REGULATORY ENZYMES

· Describe the specialized regulatory enzymes. (K)

· Allosteric enzymes

· Enzymes which are regulated through covalent modifica�on

· Enzymes regulated by Ca++ ions and calmodulin

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs Viva

17. CLINICAL ENZYMOLOGY– I

· Discuss the clinically used enzymes. (K)

· Biochemical role of enzymes in disorders

· Diagnos�c value of serum enzyme levels

· Special diagnos�c tests using enzymes

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs Viva

18. CLINICAL ENZYMOLOGY– I

· Describe enzymes as disease markers and their use as drugs. (K)

· Role of enzymes in diagnosis of different disorders

· Therapeu�c uses of enzymes

· Enzyme inhibitors as medicines LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs SAQs Viva

37

BIOCHEMISTRY PRACTICALS

S No.

Learning Objec�ves By the end of this session students will be able to:

Content areas

Teaching ac�vity

(Dura�on)

Assessment

1. INTRODUCTION TO LIPID CHEMISTRY

· Prepare, observe and draw and cholesterol crystals. (S)

· Detec�on of lipids in the given solu�on

· Iden�fica�on and characteriza�on of cholesterol

· Reac�on of alcohol with cholesterol

· Crystalliza�on

Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

2. EMULSIFICATION

· Demonstrate the process of emulsifica�on. (S)

· Emulsifica�on of natural fats

· Emulsions

· Interpreta�on and its biomedical importance of emulsifica�on

Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

3. SALKOWSKI TEST

· Perform the color test for cholesterol. (S)

· Detec�on of unsaturated sterols

· Separa�on of cholesterol from cholesterol esters

· Interpreta�on of results

Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

4. ESTIMATION OF CHOLESTEROL

· Es�mate concentra�on of cholesterol in given solu�on. (S)

· Stepwise detec�on of cholesterol

· Interpreta�on of results and its biomedical importance

Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

5. ESTIMATION OF ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT)

· Es�ma�on of concentra�on of ALT in given solu�on. (S)

· Stepwise detec�on of ALT


Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

6. ESTIMATION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP)

· Es�ma�on of concentra�on of ALP in given solu�on. (S)

· Stepwise detec�on of ALP

· Interpreta�on of results and biomedical importance

Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

7. ESTIMATION OF CREATINE KINASE( CKMB)

· Es�ma�on of CKMB in given solu�on. (S)

· Stepwise detec�on of CKMB


Prac�cal 2 hours

OSPE

38

BIOCHEMISTRY SEMINARS

S

No.

Topics

Content Areas

Teaching

Ac�vity

(Dura�on)

Assessment

1. Classifica�on of Compound Lipids

· Defini�on of compound lipids

· Different types of compound lipids

Student

Presenta�on

7 minutes

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

2. Eicosanoids: Synthesis and Func�ons

· Defini�on of eicosanoids

· Synthesis of eicosanoids

· Func�ons of eicosanoids in body


7 mins


3. Phospholipids: Types, Structure, Composi�on, Occurance& Func�ons

· Defini�on of phospholipids

· Types of phospholipids

· Structure of phospholipids

· Composi�on of phospholipids

· Func�ons of phospholipids

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

4. Classifica�on of Fa�y Acids · Classifica�on of fa�y acids

· Essen�al and nonessen�al fa�y acids

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

5. Essen�al Fa�y Acids · Nutri�onally important fa�y acids

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

6. Hyperlipidemias Type-II · Defini�on of hyperlipidemias

· Types of hyperlipidemias

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

7. Classifica�on of Enzymes · Different classes of enzymes Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

8. Enzyme Inhibi�on · Mechanism of inhibi�on of enzymes

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

9. Chemical Nature of Enzymes

· Chemical nature of different enzymes

Student

Presenta�on

Marking /

Evalua�on

39

7 mins Marks 10

10. Mechanism of Enzyme Ac�on · Mechanism of ac�on of different enzymes

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

11. Classifica�on of Enzymes · Classifica�on of enzymes on basis of mechanism of ac�on

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

12. Coenzymes and Cofactors · Proper�es of enzymes Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

13. Clinical Enzymology · Clinically used enzymes Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

14. Iso-enzymes · Defini�on of Iso-enzymes and examples

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

15. Zymogens · Defini�on of zymogens with different examples

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

16. Regulatory enzymes · Role of regulatory enzymes and their mechanism of ac�on

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

17. Comparison betweem Thromboxane A2 and Prostaglandin I2

· Similari�es and differences between Thromboxane A2 and PGI2

Student

Presenta�on

7 mins

Marking /

Evalua�on

Marks 10

40

PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) AND CASE BASED

LEARNING (CBL)

· 3 PBLs will be conducted in this module.

· Each will be introduced in one week and will be discussed in the next one taking three

weeks in total

Learning Tool Theme Disease scenario outline Subjects integrated in PBL

PBL 1

Walking with a limp

Peripheral vascular disease

Hypertension and intermi�ent claudica�on

Learning objec�ves will be from Anatomy,

Physiology, Biochemistry and Medicine

PBL 2

Swollen legs

Varicose veins Learning objec�ves will be from Anatomy,

Physiology, Biochemistry and Pathology

CBL Road traffic

accident

Hypovolemic shock, fracture

Learning objec�ves will be from Physiology,

Biochemistry and Pharmacology

Learning Resources:

The students will be guided to look for the relevant study material from the books guided by

each discipline in this study guide in their relevant sec�on in addi�on to the other reference

books from the college library.

VERTICALINTEGRATION

41

MEDICINE DEMONSTRATION

S No.


Content Areas

Teaching Ac�vity (Dura�on)

Assessment

1 Basic life support Perform the steps of basic life support in a pa�ent. (S)

Steps of basic life support

· Responsiveness

· Compression

· Airway

· Breathing

· Defibrilla�on

2 hours in

skill lab

OSCE

42

PHARMACOLOGY LECTURES

S No.




1. DRUGS USED IN DYSLIPIDEMIAS

· Enlist an�hyperlipidemic drug groups and iden�fy mechanism of ac�on of these groups in rela�on to normal cholesterol biosynthesis. (K)

· Enlist the main adverse effects of sta�n therapy. (K)

· Classifica�on of drugs used in dyslipidemias

· Mechanism of ac�on of an�-coagulants in rela�on to normal cholesterol synthesis pathways

· Basic pharmacology of sta�ns

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs

2. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS

· Enlist major drug groups of an�hypertensive drugs and comprehend their site and mechanism of ac�on and adverse effects in rela�on to the physiological regula�on of blood pressure. (K)

· Outline stepped care management of hypertension. (K)

· Classifica�on of an�hypertensive drugs

· Role of angiotensin-conver�ng enzyme inhibitors, beta blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, vasodilators in hypertension

· Hemodynamic effects of an�hypertensive drugs

· Clinical pharmacology of an�hypertensive drugs

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs

43

SURGERY LECTURES

S No.


Content Areas

Teaching Ac�vity (Dura�on)

Assessment

1. 2.

CONGENITAL CARDIAC DISEASES

· Understand the cyano�c cardiac disorders. (K)

· Describe the acyano�c cardiac disorders. (K)

· Discuss management of these disorders. (K)

VARICOSE VEINS

· Explain the venous anatomy and the physiology of venous return. (K)

· Discuss the clinical significance and management of varicose veins. (K)

· Development of the heart and fetal circula�on and

· Circulatory changes at birth

· Recognize dissocia�ons with congenital heart disease

· Surgical treatment op�ons

· Clinical tests for diagnosis of varicose veins

· Role of inves�ga�ons

· The pathophysiology of venous disease

· Venous insufficiency and venous ulcera�on

· Deep venous thrombosis

LGIS

1 hour

LGIS 1 hour

MCQS

MCQS

44

COMMUNITY MEDICINE LECTURES

S

No.




1. · Define and differen�ate between various approaches of health educa�on. (K)

· Enlist various principles of health educa�on. (K)

· Basic defini�on of health educa�on

· Various approaches of health educa�on

· Principles of health educa�on

· Stages of health educa�on

LGIS

1 hour MCQs SEQ

2. · Differen�ate and select appropriate communica�on type. (K)

· Iden�fy communica�on barriers. (K)

· Type of communica�on

· Communica�on barriers

· Process of communica�on

· Counseling

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQ

3. · Demonstrate effec�ve counseling skills. (S)

Tutorial

OSPE

4. · Iden�fy the epidemiological determinants of cardiovascular disease. (K)

· Develop various preven�ve strategies for cardiovascular disease. (K)

· Causes of cardiovascular diseases

· Various preven�ve measures of cardiovascular diseases

· Various cardiovascular diseases

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQ

5. · Discuss epidemiology of non communicable diseases. (K)

· Basic defini�ons

· Dynamics of disease transmission

· Various risk factors

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQ

45

PATHOLOGY LECTURES

S No.




1. Describe pathogenesis of hypoperfusion/shock; and various types of shock. (K)

· Cardiogenic shock

· Hypovolemic shock

· Sep�c shock

· Pathogenesis of shock

· Stages of shock

LGIS

1 hour

MCQs SEQs

2. Outline congenital and acquired diseases of cardiovascular system. (K)

· Le� to right shunts

· Right to le� shunts

· Ischemic heart diseases

· Infec�ve endocardi�s

· Cardiomyopathies

LGIS 1 hour

MCQs SEQs

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ati

on

M

ed

ias

tin

um

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es

da

y

Bio

ch

em

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Intr

od

uc�

on

to

lip

ids

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od

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tio

n t

o

cir

cu

lato

ry

sy

ste

m-I

His

to:

He

art

Bio

ch

em

: In

tro

du

c�o

n t

o li

pid

s ch

em

istr

y P

hy

sio

: :

Meas

ure

me

nt

of

Blo

od

pre

ss

ure

Bio

ch

em

Tu

tori

al

D

em

on

str

ati

on

P

eri

ca

rdiu

m

We

dn

es

da

y

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Stru

ctu

re a

nd

cl

assi

fica

�o

n

of

lipid

s

Intr

od

uc

tio

n t

o

cir

cu

lato

ry

sy

ste

m-I

I

His

to:

He

art

Bio

ch

em

: In

tro

du

c�o

n t

o li

pid

s ch

em

istr

y P

hy

sio

: M

ea

su

rem

en

t o

f B

loo

d

pre

ss

ure

Bio

ch

em

Tu

tori

al

D

em

on

str

ati

on

H

ea

rt-I

Th

urs

da

y

Va

sc

ula

r D

iste

ns

ibilit

y

an

d f

un

cti

on

s

of

ve

ins

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Cla

ssifi

ca�

on

of

fa�

y a

cid

s

His

to:H

eart

Bio

ch

em

: In

tro

du

c�o

n t

o li

pid

s ch

em

istr

y

Ph

ysio

: :

Me

asu

rem

ent

of

Blo

od

p

ress

ure

Bio

ch

em

tu

tori

al

De

mo

ns

tra

tio

n

He

art

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Fri

da

y

8:0

0-0

90

0

09

00-1

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0

10

00-1

10

0 11

00

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00

Pa

tho

log

y

Pa

tho

ge

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sis

of

sh

oc

k

Intr

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uc

tio

n

to C

VS

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Co

mp

ou

nd

lip

ids

Ph

ys

iolo

gy

Tu

tori

al

OF

F

Sa

turd

ay

Isla

mic

s

tud

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min

ar

11

00

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PB

L C

om

mu

nit

y M

ed

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e

Pri

nc

iple

s o

f h

ea

lth

e

du

ca

tio

n

Teac

hin

g h

ou

rs t

his

wee

k:

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my

: 16

Ph

ys

iolo

gy:1

1

B

ioch

em

istr

y:

16

Co

mm

un

ity M

ed

icin

e :

1

P

ath

olo

gy:1

PB

L: 2

47

1st

Y

ear

MB

BS

Cla

ss

Ti

me

tab

le

2n

d

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k

Tim

e /

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08

00

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93

0

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30

10

30

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11

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Mo

nd

ay

Islamic Studies

Va

sc

ula

r s

ys

tem

Ph

ys

iolo

gy

S

em

ina

r

Bre

ak

His

to:

Ao

rta

Bio

ch

em

: Em

uls

ifica

�o

n P

hy

sio

: E

ffe

ct

of

po

stu

re a

nd

ex

erc

ise o

n b

loo

d p

res

su

re P

hy

sio

log

y T

uto

ria

l

De

mo

ns

tra

tio

n

He

art

-III

Tu

es

da

y

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Se

min

ar

Mic

roc

irc

ula

tio

n a

nd

its

s

ign

ific

an

ce

His

to:

Ao

rta

Bio

ch

em

: Em

uls

ifica

�o

n P

hy

sio

: E

ffe

ct

of

po

stu

re a

nd

ex

erc

ise o

n b

loo

d p

res

su

re P

hy

sio

log

y T

uto

ria

l

De

mo

ns

tra

tio

n

He

art

-IV

We

dn

es

da

y

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Ph

osp

ho

lipid

s

De

velo

pm

en

t o

f

Bo

dy

cavi

�e

s an

d

sero

us

mem

bra

ne

s

His

to:

Ao

rta

Bio

ch

em

: Em

uls

ifica

�o

n P

hy

sio

: E

ffe

ct

of

po

stu

re a

nd

ex

erc

ise o

n b

loo

d p

res

su

re P

hy

sio

log

y T

uto

ria

l

De

mo

ns

tra

tio

n

He

art

-V

Th

urs

da

y

Fu

nc

tio

ns

of

lym

ph

ati

cs

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Lip

id s

tora

ge

dis

eas

es

His

to:

Ao

rta

Bio

ch

em

: Em

uls

ifica

�o

n P

hy

sio

: E

ffe

ct

of

po

stu

re a

nd

ex

erc

ise o

n b

loo

d p

res

su

re

Ph

ys

iolo

gy

Tu

tori

al

De

mo

ns

tra

tio

n

La

rge

ve

ins

of

tho

rax

Fri

da

y

8:0

0-0

90

0

09

00-1

00

0

10

00-1

10

0 11

00

-12

00

Ph

arm

aco

log

y

Dru

gs f

or

hyp

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ipid

em

ias

De

ve

lop

me

nt

of

He

art

-I

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Tu

tori

al

Co

ntr

ol o

f lo

ca

l b

loo

d

flo

w-I

OF

F

Sa

turd

ay

Isla

mic

stu

die

s

Ph

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gy

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al

Se

min

ar

11

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00

13

00

-14

00

PB

L S

urg

ery

Co

ng

en

ita

l c

ard

iac

d

ise

as

es

Teac

hin

g h

ou

rs t

his

wee

k:

An

ato

my

: 16

Ph

ys

iolo

gy

: 17

B

ioch

em

istr

y: 1

0

Surg

ery

: 1

P

ha

rmaco

log

y:

1

48

1st

Y

ear

MB

BS

Cla

ss

Ti

me

tab

le

3rd

W

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k

Tim

e /

Da

ys

08

00

08

30

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30-0

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0

09

30

-10

30

10

30

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00

11

00

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30

1

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40

0

Mo

nd

ay

Islamic Studies

Art

eri

al

sy

ste

m-I

Ph

ys

iolo

gy

Tu

tori

al

Bre

ak

His

to:

La

rge

siz

ed

ve

in B

ioc

he

m:

Salk

ow

ski t

est

Ph

ys

io:

Ex

am

ina

tio

n o

f ra

dia

l p

uls

e B

ioc

he

m:

Tu

tori

al

D

em

on

str

ati

on

L

arg

e v

ein

s

Tu

es

da

y

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Se

min

ar

Co

ntr

ol o

f lo

ca

l b

loo

d fl

ow

-II

His

to:

La

rge

siz

ed

ve

in B

ioc

he

m:

Salk

ow

ski t

est

Ph

ys

io:

Ex

am

ina

tio

n o

f ra

dia

l p

uls

e B

ioc

he

m:

Tu

tori

al

D

em

on

str

ati

on

L

arg

e a

rte

rie

s-I

We

dn

es

da

y

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Ch

ole

ste

rol

De

ve

lop

me

nt

of

He

art

-II

His

to:

La

rge

siz

ed

ve

in B

ioc

he

m:

Salk

ow

ski t

est

Ph

ys

io:

Ex

am

ina

tio

n o

f ra

dia

l p

uls

e B

ioc

he

m:

Tu

tori

al

D

em

on

str

ati

on

L

arg

e a

rte

rie

s-I

I

Th

urs

da

y

Va

so

mo

tor

ce

nte

r

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Eico

san

oid

s

His

to:

La

rge

siz

ed

ve

in

Bio

ch

em

: Sa

lko

wsk

i te

st P

hy

sio

: E

xa

min

ati

on

of

rad

ial p

uls

e B

ioc

he

m:

Tu

tori

al

D

em

on

str

ati

on

L

ym

ph

ati

cs

Fri

da

y

8:0

0-0

90

0

09

00-1

00

0

10

00-1

10

0 11

00

-12

00

Path

olo

gy

Co

ng

en

ital

an

d a

cq

uir

ed

d

isea

ses o

f C

VS

Bir

th d

efe

cts

o

f h

ea

rt

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Tu

tori

al

Sh

ort

te

rm r

eg

ula

tio

n o

f b

loo

d p

res

su

re-I

OF

F

Sa

turd

ay

Isla

mic

stu

die

s

Ph

ys

iolo

gy

Tu

tori

al

Se

min

ar

11

00

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00

13

00

-14

00

PB

L C

om

mu

nit

y M

ed

icin

e

Co

un

seli

ng

skil

ls

Teac

hin

g h

ou

rs t

his

wee

k:

An

ato

my:

16

P

hy

sio

log

y: 11

Bio

ch

em

istr

y: 16

Co

mm

un

ity

Me

dic

ine

: 1

P

ath

olo

gy

: 1

P

BL

: 2

49

1st

Y

ear

MB

BS

Cla

ss

Ti

me

tab

le

4th

W

ee

k

Tim

e /

Da

ys

08

00

08

30

08

30-0

93

0

09

30

-10

30

10

30

- 11

00

11

00

-12

30

1

23

0-1

40

0

Mo

nd

ay

Islamic Studies

Art

eri

al

sy

ste

m-I

I

Ph

ys

iolo

gy

Se

min

ar

Bre

ak

His

to:

Me

diu

m s

ize

d v

ein

Bio

ch

em

: Es

�m

a�o

n o

f ch

ole

ste

rol

Ph

ysio

: E

xa

min

ati

on

of

peri

ph

era

l p

uls

e P

hy

sio

log

y T

uto

rial

D

em

on

str

ati

on

N

erv

es

of

tho

rax

Tu

es

da

y

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Se

min

ar

Sh

ort

te

rm

reg

ula

tio

n o

f b

loo

d p

res

su

re-

II

His

to:

Med

ium

siz

ed

vein

Bio

ch

em

: Es

�m

a�o

n o

f ch

ole

ste

rol

Ph

ysio

: E

xa

min

ati

on

of

peri

ph

era

l p

uls

e P

hy

sio

log

y T

uto

rial

D

em

on

str

ati

on

T

ho

rac

ic p

art

of

sy

mp

ath

eti

c t

run

k

We

dn

es

da

y

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Intr

od

uc�

on

to

en

zym

es

De

ve

lop

me

nt

of

ve

no

us

sy

ste

m

His

to:

Me

diu

m s

ize

d v

ein

Bio

ch

em

: Es

�m

a�o

n o

f ch

ole

ste

rol

Ph

ysio

: E

xa

min

ati

on

of

peri

ph

era

l p

uls

e P

hy

sio

log

y T

uto

rial

D

em

on

str

ati

on

S

urf

ac

e a

na

tom

y

Th

urs

da

y

Lo

ng

te

rm

reg

ula

tio

n o

f b

loo

d fl

ow

-I

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Cla

ssifi

ca�

on

of

en

zym

es

His

to:

Me

diu

m s

ize

d v

ein

Bio

ch

em

: Es

�m

a�o

n o

f ch

ole

ste

rol

Ph

ysio

: E

xa

min

ati

on

of

peri

ph

era

l p

uls

e

Ph

ysio

log

y T

uto

rial

D

em

on

str

ati

on

Ra

dio

gra

ph

s

Fri

da

y

8:0

0-1

00

0

10

00-1

10

0 11

00

-12

00

Me

dic

ine

Ba

sic

Lif

e s

up

po

rt in

Sk

ill la

b

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Ch

em

ical

na

ture

a

nd

me

cha

nis

m o

f a

c�o

n o

f e

nzy

mes

Lo

ng

te

rm r

eg

ula

tio

n o

f b

loo

d fl

ow

-II

OF

F

Sa

turd

ay

Isla

mic

stu

die

s

Ph

ys

iolo

gy

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tori

al

Se

min

ar

11

00

-13

00

13

00

-14

00

PB

L P

ha

rma

co

log

y

An

tih

yp

ert

en

siv

e

dru

gs

Teac

hin

g h

ou

rs t

his

wee

k:

An

ato

my

: 16

Ph

ys

iolo

gy: 1

7

B

ioc

he

mis

try

: 10

Me

dic

ine

: 2

P

ha

rma

co

log

y:

1

PB

L:

2

50

1st

Y

ear

MB

BS

Cla

ss

Ti

me

tab

le

5th

W

ee

k

Tim

e /

Days

08

00

08

30

08

30-0

93

0

09

30

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30

10

30

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00

11

00

-12

30

1

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0-1

40

0

Mo

nd

ay

Islamic Studies

Cir

cu

lati

on

b

efo

re a

nd

a

fte

r b

irth

Ph

ys

iolo

gy

Tu

tori

al

Bre

ak

His

to :C

ap

illa

ries

Bio

ch

em

: Es

�m

a�o

n o

f A

lan

ine

am

ino

tran

sfer

ase

(A

LT)

Ph

ysio

: E

xa

min

ati

on

of

ve

ins

Bio

ch

em

: T

uto

rial

Dem

on

str

ati

on

Tu

esd

ay

B

ioc

he

mis

try

S

em

ina

r

Hy

pe

rte

ns

ion

His

to:

Cap

illa

ries

Bio

ch

em

: Es

�m

a�o

n o

f A

lan

ine

am

ino

tran

sfer

ase

(A

LT)

Ph

ysio

: E

xa

min

ati

on

of

ve

ins

Bio

ch

em

: T

uto

rial

Dem

on

str

ati

on

We

dn

esd

ay

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Enzy

me

s e

mp

loy

mu

l�p

le

me

cha

nis

ms

to

faci

lita

te c

ata

lysi

s

Sm

all s

ize

a

rte

rie

s

His

to:

Cap

illa

ries

Bio

ch

em

: Es

�m

a�o

n o

f A

lan

ine

am

ino

tran

sfer

ase

(A

LT)

Ph

ysio

: E

xa

min

ati

on

of

ve

in B

ioc

hem

: T

uto

rial

Dem

on

str

ati

on

Th

urs

day

C

ard

iac

o

utp

ut-

I

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Fact

ors

aff

ec�

ng

en

zym

e a

c�vi

ty

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His

to:

Cap

illa

ries

Bio

ch

em

: Es

�m

a�o

n o

f A

lan

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am

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tran

sfer

ase

(A

LT)

Ph

ysio

: E

xa

min

ati

on

of

ve

ins

Bio

ch

em

: T

uto

rial

Dem

on

str

ati

on

Fri

day

8:0

0-0

90

0

09

00-1

00

0

10

00-1

10

0 11

00

-12

00

Su

rge

ry

Va

ric

os

e v

ein

s

Ve

no

us

s

ys

tem

-I

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Fact

ors

aff

ec�

ng

en

zym

e a

c�vi

ty

- II

Ca

rdia

c o

utp

ut-

II

OF

F

Sa

turd

ay

Isla

mic

stu

die

s

Ph

ys

iolo

gy

Tu

tori

al

Se

min

ar

11

00

-13

00

13

00

-14

00

PB

L C

om

mu

nit

y M

ed

icin

e

Ep

ide

mio

log

y o

f C

VS

d

iso

rde

rs

Teac

hin

g h

ou

rs t

his

wee

k:

An

ato

my:

16

P

hy

sio

log

y: 11

Bio

ch

em

istr

y: 16

Su

rge

ry:

1

Co

mm

un

ity

Me

dic

ine

: 1

P

BL

: 2

51

1st

Y

ear

MB

BS

Cla

ss

Ti

me

tab

le

6th

W

ee

k

Tim

e /

Da

ys

08

00

08

30

08

30-0

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0

09

30

-10

30

10

30

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00

11

00

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30

1

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0-1

40

0

Mo

nd

ay

Islamic Studies

Ve

no

us

s

ys

tem

-II

Ve

no

us

re

turn

a

nd

its

re

gu

lati

on

Bre

ak

His

to:

Po

st

ca

pil

lary

ve

nu

les

Bio

ch

em

: Es

�m

a�o

n o

f A

lkal

ine

ph

osp

ha

tase

(A

LP)

Ph

ys

io:

BL

S P

hy

sio

log

y:

Tu

tori

al

De

mo

ns

tra

tio

n

Tu

es

da

y

Bio

ch

em

istr

y

Se

min

ar

Mu

sc

le b

loo

d

flo

w

His

to:

Po

st

cap

illa

ry v

en

ule

s B

ioc

he

m:

Es�

ma�

on

of

Alk

alin

e p

ho

sph

ata

se (

ALP

) P

hy

sio

: B

LS

Ph

ys

iolo

gy

: T

uto

ria

l

De

mo

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