VERTICAL CIRCULATION EVOLUTION

LOCAL APPROACH

ELEVATORTRANSPORT

ZONE APPROACH

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ESCALATOR BARCENTRE POMPIDOU, PARS

ESCALATOR COREHAROLD WASHINGTON LIBRARY, CHICAGO

ESCALATOR VALLEYKYOTO TRAIN STATION, KYOTO

LOCAL ELEVATORSA & A, NEW HAVEN

EXPRESS + ZONED LOCAL ELEVATORSSEARS TOWER, CHICAGO

ZONED LOCAL ELEVATORSTYPICAL OFFICE BUILDING, NEW YORK

EXPRESS ELEVATORS + LOCAL ESCALATORS

VERTICAL BUILDING STUDIONew York, Chicago, Los Angeles5

Program

The goal of this studio was to discover ways to innovate the skyscraper. In order to do this, the studio investigated several areas pertinent to skyscraper typology: vertical transportation, program, skin, sustainability,massing, and media.

In researching vertical transportation in buildings such as the Sears Tower, Pompidou Center, and John Hancock, it became apparent that vertical transportation is closely linked to the use of tall buildings. With this in mind, the goal of the research developed into findinga new way to use and experience tall buildings by developing a new mode of vertical circulation.

After making the precedent studies, the precedents wereorganized by vertical

transportation strategy:the zoned approach and thelocal approach. In the local approach, elevators and escalators serve every floor.In the zoned approach, local elevators are staggered and shuttle elevators are used to serve sky lobbies.

For this project, a new branch in the evolution of vertical transportation was proposed and investigated: the express elevator and local escalator system. In this configuration, express elevators bring people to certain zones, they then take a maximum of two escalator rides to reach their destination.

The proposed 'vertical transportation network' system has many advantages over traditional vertical circulation systems: (1) escalators can

handle large volumes of people and express elevators canmove quickly with fewer time consuming stops, (2) escalators create smoother more fluid transitions betweenfloors, (3) depending on the program, the vertical transportation network can be configured (and easily reconfigured) to mix use in certain ways, (4) the 'street' formed by the continuous chain of escalators can be configured to address different urban conditions.

After developing a vertical transportation system for skyscrapers, the latter half of the semester was devoted to investigating how the system could accommodate Motorola's program and three differenturban conditions (New York,Chicago, and Los Angeles).

Critic: Greg Lynn

ESCALATOR BUILDING TYPES

ESCALATOR BAR: ESCALATOR FACADECENTRE POMPIDOU, PARS - PIANO AND ROGERS

ESCALATOR CORE: ESCALATORS AS PRIMARY CIRCULATIONHAROLD WASHINGTON LIBRARY CENTER, CHICAGO - HAMMOND, BEEBY & BABKA

ESCALATOR VALLEY: ESCALATOR LANDSCAPEKYOTO TRAIN STATION, KYOTO - HIROSHI HARA

ESCALATOR PROMENADEESCALATOR SYSTEM, HORIZONTAL LANDING CONNECTORS, AND VERTICAL CIRCULATIONSANDWICH FORM FRONT FACADE OF BUILDING.

AUXILIARY ESCALATORSLOCAL ESCALATORS DEFINE DIFFERENTFUNCTIONAL ZONES WITHIN THE BUILDING: EXHIBITION, ENTRANCE, LIBRARY.

ELEVATORS AND STAIRSTWO SETS OF PERIPHERAL STAIRS PROVIDE MEANS OF EGRESS. ONE ELEVATOR LOBBYCOUPLED TO START OF ESCALATORPROMENADE. TWO SETS OF SERVICE ANDOFFICE ELEVATORS LOCATED AT THE REAR.

ESCALATOR PROMENADEINTERNAL ESCALATOR CORE CONNECTS ALLLIBRARY FLOORS. VISITORS TO UPPER FLOORS PASS BY LOWER FLOORS VIA ESCALATOR.

AUXILIARY ESCALATORSLOCAL ESCALATORS DEFINE DIFFERENTFUNCTIONAL ZONES WITHIN THE BUILDING: ENTRANCE, OBSERVATORY, THEATER.

ELEVATORS AND STAIRSSERVICE AND PASSENGER ELEVATORS ARELOCATED IN THE BACK OF THE BUILDING. TWOSETS OF PERIPHERAL STAIRS PROVIDE MEANS OF EGRESS.

ESCALATOR PROMENADEGIGANTIC DIAGONAL ESCALATORS THEMATIZETHE CONSUMER LANDSCAPE, LEAVINGVISITORS WITH ELEGANT SENSE OF WONDER

AUXILIARY ESCALATORSLOCAL ESCALATORS CONNECT MULTI- LEVELPLAZAS AND COORDINATE PROGRAM-SPECIFIC PEDESTRIAN NARRATIVES

ELEVATORSMULTIPLE ELEVATOR GROUPS ROUGHLYORGANIZED IN TWO PARALLEL ZONES

INNOVATIONESCALATOR PROMENADE RELATED TO PLAZA, AND NEW EXPERIENCE OF THE CITY

INNOVATIONESCALATOR PROMENADE PROVIDE THEPRIMARY MEANS OF TRANSIT BETWEEN FLOORS. LIKE A DEPARTMENT STORE.

INNOVATIONAWE-INDUCING SCALE OF ESCALATOR VALLEYFACILITATES LATERAL PROGRAM CONTINUITYAND NON-STOP STIMULATION.

REDUCED CORE TYPES

TAPERED TOWER: PERIPHERAL APARTMENT LOBBY SHUTTLE JOHN HANCOCK TOWER, CHICAGO - SOM

SERVICELOCAL SERVICE ELEVATOR CORES DO NOT STACK. TOP CORE SERVESRESIDENTIAL BOTTOM CORE SERVESOFFICE USE.

LOCALLOCAL ELEVATOR CORES STACK IN CENTER OF THE BUILDING.

EXPRESSAPARTMENT LOBBY SHUTTLE ALLOWSRESIDENTS TO BYPASS OFFICE FLOORS. OBSERVATORY SHUTTLE CONNECTS CONCOURSE TOOBSERVATION DECK.

ESCALATORS AND STAIRSSTAIR CORES LOCATED IN CENTER OF THE BUILDING. ESCALATOR TIESLOBBY TO CONCOURSE.

SERVICESERVICE ELEVATOR CORES LOCATEDIN CENTER OF THE BUILDING.

LOCALTHREE ZONES OF LOCAL ELEVATORCORES STACK AROUND SERVICEELEVATOR CORE.

SERVICESERVICE ELEVATOR CORES LOCATEDIN TOWER CENTERS.

LOCALTWO ZONES OF LOCAL ELEVATORSSTACK IN THE CENTERS OF THETOWERS. ONE SET OF LOCALELEVATORS IN UPPER ZONE SERVESFLOORS BENEATH SKY LOBBY.

EXPRESSDOUBLE DECKER SKY LOBBYSHUTTLE CORES LOCATED TOWARDSPERIPHERY OF EACH TOWER ARECOUPLED WITH THE SKY LOBBYBRIDGE.

ESCALATORS AND STAIRSESCALATORS FACILITATE ACCESS TODOUBLE DECKER SKY LOBBYSHUTTLES.

INNOVATIONPRIME REAL ESTATE LOCATED ABOVEPERIPHERAL APARTMENT LOBBYSHUTTLE.

INNOVATIONHORIZONTAL CONNECTIONS AT SKYLOBBY LEVEL CREATE MULTIPLEMODES OF EGRESS.

BUNDLED TUBES: SKY LOBBY SHUTTLES IN PERIPHERAL TUBESSEARS TOWER, CHICAGO - SOM

TWIN TOWERS: SKY LOBBY SHUTTLES COUPLED WITH SKYBRIDGE PETRONAS TOWER, KUALA LUMPUR - CESAR PELLI & ASSOCIATES

VERTICAL CIRCULATION PRECEDENT ANALYSES

INNOVATIONSKY LOBBIES ALLOW OCCUPANTS TORIDE EXPRESS ELEVATORS FROM GROUND TO SKY LOBBY AND THENTRANSFER TO LOCAL LIFT ZONES.

EXPRESSTWO DOUBLE DECKER SKY LOBBYSHUTTLE CORES LOCATED IN PERIPHERAL TUBES. OBSERVATORYSHUTTLE CONNECTS CONCOURSE TOOBSERVATION DECK.

ESCALATORS AND STAIRSESCALATORS FACILITATE ACCESS TOSKY LOBBY AND OBSERVATORYSHUTTLES.

VERTICAL CIRCULATION NETWORKMIXED USE POSSIBILITIES

DOUBLE CORESINGLE CORE TRIPLE CORE

CENTRALTRIPLE CORE

PERIPHERALTRIPLE CORE

CENTRALDOUBLE CORE

PERIPHERALDOUBLE CORE

EXPRESS ELEVATORS

DESCRIPTION2 CENTRAL CORES OF DOUBLE DECKERSDOUBLE DECKER ARE SPLIT IN HALF BY USE.ONE DOUBLE DECKER HAS RESIDENCE ON TOP THE OTHER HAS OFFICE ON TOP

LIMITATIONS:PROGRAM MUST ALTERNATE

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:6 STORY BANDING BETWEEN ELEVATOR STOPSBUILDING LIMITED TO 2 TYPES OF USETOP AND BOTTOM ENTRY FOR EVERY ZONE

DESCRIPTION2 CENTRAL CORES OF DOUBLE DECKERSTOP OF DOUBLE DECKERS RESIDENTIALBOTTOM OF DOUBLE DECKERS HOUSING

LIMITATIONS:SMALL SIZE OF PR OGRAM BANDS

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:3 STORY BANDINGESCALATORS MANIPULATED TO MAKE ZONESWITHIN BUILDINGSMORE EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENTPROGRAMSTOP OR BOTTOM ENTRY FOR ZONES

DESCRIPTION2 CENTRAL CORES OF DOUBLE DECKERSEACH SET OF DOUBLE DECKERS HAS ONE USE

LIMITATIONS:EVERY LOBBY IS DOUBLE HEIGHTTWO TYPES OF USES ABOVE GROUND ZONESOME TYPES OF USE SUCH AS HOUSING WOULD BE BETTER BANDED IN THE HIGHER LAYERS

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:3 OR 6 STORY ALTERNATE BANDINGOCCUPANTS SORT IN PLANCENTRAL ENTRY TO ZONES

DESCRIPTION2 PERIPHERAL CORES OF SINGLE DECKERSEACH ELEVATOR SERVES MULTIPLE USES

LIMITATIONS:ELEVATORS CARRY BOTH RESIDENTIAL ANDOFFICE PEOPLE

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:10-20 STORY BANDING3 ZONES: RESIDENTIAL ON TOP, OFFICE IN MIDDLE, COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL ON BOTTOMESCALATORS UNLINKED IN AREAS TO DEFINE PROGRAMMATIC ZONES.CENTRAL OR TOP AND BOTTOM ENTRY TOZONES

DESCRIPTION2 PERIPHERAL CORES OF SINGLE DECKERSEACH ELEVATOR SERVES MULTIPLE USES(OFFICE OR RESIDENTIAL OR COMMERCIAL)

LIMITATIONS:ELEVATORS CARRY BOTH RESIDENTIAL ANDOFFICE PEOPLE

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:2-4 STORY BANDINGELEVATORS CARRY BOTH RESIDENTIAL ANDOFFICE PEOPLEEACH ELEVATOR STOP FLOOR HAS THE MOSTTRAFFIC AND IS DEVOTED TO 1 USECENTRAL OR TOP AND BOTTOM ENTRY TOZONES

DESCRIPTION2 PERIPHERAL CORES OF SINGLE DECKERSEACH ELEVATOR SERVES MULTIPLE USES(OFFICE OR RESIDENTIAL OR COMMERCIAL)

LIMITATIONS:OVERLAP OF USERS IN ELEVATORS,SECURITY HARD TO ACHIEVE.

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:2-4 STORY BANDINGOVERLAP IN PROGRAMS OCCUR AT ELEVATORSTOP FLOORSLOBBIES NODE FLOORS ARE AREAS SUITABLEFOR COMMUNAL, COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY.SORTING OCCURS AT ELEVATOR STOPSCENTRAL OR TOP AND BOTTOM ENTRY TOZONES

DESCRIPTION1 CENTRAL CORE OF DOUBLE DECKERS

LIMITATIONS:CORE SIZE LIMITS THE HEIGHT OF THE BUILDING ESCALATORS MUST BE POSITIONED TO RETURNTO THE CORE

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:2-3 STORY BANDSSTAIGHT FORWARD INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN ZONESEND ENTRY TO ZONES

DESCRIPTION2 PERIPHERAL CORES OF DOUBLE DECKERSONE DOUBLE DECKER FOR OFFICE, THEOTHER FOR OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL

LIMITATIONS:DOUBLE USE DOUBLE DECKERS COME TOGETHER IN CERTAIN AREAS

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONSVARIABLE BANDING 5-30 FLOORSSANDWICH OF USESPROGRAM CAN WRAP ANOTHER PROGRAM TOP AND BOTTOM ENTRY TO ZONES

DESCRIPTION3 CENTRAL CORES OF DOUBLE DECKERS

LIMITATIONS:SORTING AT GROUND LEVEL SECTIONALLYCOMPLEX

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:5 STORY BANDING3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRAMS SORTED1 PROGRAM CAN HAVE THREE PARTS OF BUILDINGEACH COMPANY CAN HAVE A PIECE OF THETOP (PRESTIGE VIEW, SPACE) AND BOTTOM(CHEAPER RENTS, EASIER ACCESS)END ENTRY TO ZONES

DESCRIPTION3 CENTRAL CORES OF DOUBLE DECKERSEACH CORE HAS ONE USE

LIMITATIONS:NO QUICK CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ZONESSHAFT SPACE TAKEN UP ON LOWER FLOORS

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRAMS ORGANIZED IN TRADITIONAL ZONINGMIDDLE ENTRY TO ZONES

DESCRIPTION3 PERIPHERAL CORES OF ALTERNATINGDOUBLE DECKERS SORTED BY SECTION

LIMITATIONS:SMALLER BANDSEACH ELEVATOR SET HAS 2 FUNCTIONS

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS2 - 5 STORY BANDINGDEFINITION OF ZONES BETWEEN CABS OF ELEVATOREND ENTRY TO ZONES

DESCRIPTION3 PERIPHERAL CORES OF DOUBLE DECKERSEACH DOUBLE DECKER HAS OWN USEDOUBLE DECKERS SORTED BY PLAN

LIMITATIONS:ALTERNATING PROGRAM

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:5-10 STORY BANDINGDOUBLE HEIGHT LOBBY POTENTIALCENTRAL ENTRY TO ZONESCENTRAL OR TOP AND BOTTOM ENTRY TOZONES

DESCRIPTION3 PERIPHERAL CORES OF DOUBLE DECKERSSORTED BY SECTIONEACH ELEVATOR SET HAS 2 FUNCTIONS RESIDENCE ON TOP OFFICE ON BOTTOM

LIMITATIONS:SMALLER BANDS FOR USE 2-3 FLOORS

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:2 - 3 STORY BANDINGEND ENTRY TO ZONES

DESCRIPTION3 PERIPHERAL CORES OF ALTERNATINGDOUBLE DECKERS SORTED BY SECTION

LIMITATIONS:SORTING COMPLEXITY

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:VARIABLE BANDING 5-30 FLOORSCENTRAL OR TOP AND BOTTOM ENTRY TOZONES

DESCRIPTION3 PERIPHERAL CORES OF SINGLE DECKERS

LIMITATIONS:SHARED USE IN ELEVATORS MEANS SORTINGIN LOBBIES

MIXED USE IMPLICATIONS:VARIABLE BANDING 5-30 FLOORSMORE CORES MEANS ESCALATORS HAVEMORE FREEDOM IN PLACEMENTATRIUM SPACES USED TO DEFINE ZONESCENTRAL OR TOP AND BOTTOM ENTRY TOZONES

LOCAL ESCALATORS

VERTICAL CIRCULATION NETWORKADVANTAGES AND POTENTIAL

MIXING

ENTRY THREADEDEXPERIENCE

EGRESS TRAVEL TOOTHER FLOORS

NARROW BANDING MEDIUM BANDING WIDE BANDING SANDWICHINGBLURRED BANDS

MOVEMENT

LOBBY TYPES

TOP AND BOTTOM ENTRY MIDDLE ENTRY MIDDLE WITH OVERLAPPINGPROGRAM ENTRY

BOTTOM OR TOP ENTRY

SPACE SAVINGS

THE VERTICAL CIRCULATION NETWORK SYSTEM CAN GENERATE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF MIXED USE POSSIBILITIES. DEPENDING ON THE PROGRAM, THE VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION NETWORK CAN BE CONFIGURED (AND EASILY RECONFIGURED) TO MIX USE IN CERTAIN WAYS.

A VERTICAL CIRCULATION NETWORK BUILDING TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THE LARGE VOLUME CAPACITY OF ESCALATORS, (10,000 PASSENGERS/HOUR) AND THE SPEED OF EXPRESS ELEVATORS (2900 PASSENGERS/HOUR). ESCALATORS ALLOW MORE INTER-CONNECTIONS AND CARRYING CAPACITY BETWEEN FLOORS.

22,400

16,800

11,200

5,600

15,456

15,456

9,424

9,424

49,760 sf

flrs 1-10

flrs 10-20

flrs 20-30

flrs 30-40

TYPICAL PROPOSED

flrs 1-10

flrs 10-20

flrs 20-30

flrs 30-40

56,000 sf

ASSUMING A TYPICAL OFFICE BUILDING OF 40 STORIES CONTAINS 27 SINGLE DECKER ELEVATORS, AND A VERTICAL CIRCULATION NETWORK BUILDING CONTAINS 10 DOUBLE DECKERS AND 6 SINGLE DECKER ELEVATORS, A10% SAVINGS IN RENTABLE FLOOR AREA IS ACHIEVED BY DEPLOYING A VERTICAL CIRCULATION NETWORK FOR 40 A STORY BUILDING.

SORTING

SECTIONAL DOUBLE DECKER ALTERNATING SECTIONALDOUBLE DECKER

PLAN MIXING

ELEVATOR USE AND STOPS DEFINE VARIOUS LOBBY CONFIGURATIONS. MIDDLE ENTRY LOBBIES ALLOW RELATED FLOORS TO HAVE A MORE PROXIMAL RELATIONSHIP TO LOBBIES.

DOUBLE DECKER ELEVATORS CAN BE USED TO SORT OCCUPANTS IN VARIOUS MODES AND TO SET UP FINITE OR OVERLAPPING ZONES OF USAGE.

PROPOSED BUILDING TYPICAL OFFICE BUILDING

RECONFIGURABILITY

THE STOPS ON THE EXPRESS ELEVATOR SHAFTS CAN BE CHANGED ACCORDING TO SPECIFIC MIXED USAGE DEMANDS

MOTOROLASKYSCRAPER MATRIX

STRUCTURE:COLUMNS + FLOOR DIAPHRAGMS + INHABITED LATERAL

PROGRAM:NODES + MEETING ROOMS + PRIVATE OFFICES

SKIN:EXTERIOR + MEDIA RIBBON + INTERIOR SKIN

INTEGRATION:VERTICAL + HORIZONTAL + LATERAL

FLOOR PLATE DIAPHRAGMSFLOOR PLATES, COLUMN GRID, AND LATERALSTRUCTURE ARE INTERCONNECTED

NODESNODES ARE POSITIONED AT EXPRESS ELEVATORSTOPS. THESE ARE DESTINATIONS. PROGRAM SUCH AS CAFE, AUDITORIUM, EXHIBITION AREA INHABITTHESE AREAS.

EXTERIOR SKINGLASS BLOCKS OF DIFFERING SECTION AREDEPLOYED ON THE OUTER SKIN OF THE FACADEDEPENDING ON THE PROGRAM.

MEDIA RIBBONMEDIA STREAMS ALONG THE INTERNAL STREET OF THE BUILDING

VERTICAL INTEGRATIONNODES AND EXPRESS ELEVATORS ARE INTERLOCKED.CORES AND EXTERIOR COLUMNS COUNTERACTGRAVITY LOADS.

COLUMN GRIDCOLUMN GRID HOLDS UP FLOOR PLATES ANDEXTERIOR SKIN.

INHABITED LATERAL STRUCTURELATERAL STRUCTURE IS ENLARGED AND INHABITED BY INTERNAL STREET

INTERNAL STREETSTANDARD CONFERENCE ROOMS ALONGINTERNAL STREET FOSTER COMMUNICATIONBETWEEN MARKETING AND DESIGN DEPARTMENTS.PROGRAM IS 'ZIPPERED'.

HORIZONTAL INTEGRATIONOFFICE FLOORS BRACE VERTICAL AND DIAGONALSTRUCTURE. OFFICES ARE LOCATED OFF THEINTERNAL STREET.

PRIVATE OFFICESPRIVATE OFFICES OVERLOOK INTERNAL STREET

INTERIOR SKINTHE INNER SKIN IS OPERABLE

LATERAL INTEGRATIONTHE INHABITED LATERAL STRUCTURE INCORPORATESSTREAMING MEDIA, MAKES PROGRAMMATICCONNECTIONS, AND WORKS TO COUNTERACT WIND LOADING.

VERTICAL CIRCULATION:EXPRESS ELEVATORS + LOCAL ESCALATORS

LOCAL ESCALATORSLOCAL ELEVATOR CORES STACK IN CENTER OF THEBUILDING.

STREET CONNECTIONESCALATORS FORM PART OF A COMMERCIALLANDSCAPE THAT MAKES A SEAMLESS TRANSITIONFROM STREET TO BUILDING

EXPRESS ELEVATORSTWO CORES PROVIDE ACCESS TO OFFICE,COMMERCIAL, AND RESIDENTIAL USES.

MOTOROLADEPLOYMENT: NEW YORK + CHICAGO + LOS ANGELES

NEW YORK

ENGAGE MEDIA CORE OF IMES SQUARE WITH FOOT.fOOT ACTS AS SETBACK.

ORIENT ICON TO PORT AUTHORITY(MAJOR TRANSIT HUB) AND 8TH AVENUE TRAFFIC FOR MAXIMUM BRANDING POTENTIAL

CHICAGO

ENGAGE STATE STREET WITH DOWNTOWNCOMMERCIAL FOOT

ORIENT ICONTO NEARBY PLAZA

LOW LYING BUILDINGIN THE AREA CREATESPOTENTIAL TO ENGAGECITY SKYLINE

LOS ANGELES

ICON ORIENTED TO ADJACENT FREEWAY

FOOT NOT ONLY ACCOMODATESPEDESTRIAN ACCESS, BUT VEHICULARTRAFFIC AND PARKING TO SUIT LA LIFESTYLE

MOTOROLAPROGRAM: NODE + INTERNAL STREET + PRIVATE OFFICES

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The Motorola program is organized into three categories: nodes, internal street, and private offices.

The nodes are positioned atexpress elevator stops. Thenodes act as destinations, forlarge amounts of traffic.Program such as cafe, auditorium, exhibition area inhabit these areas. Theterraced conference rooms along the internal street foster communication between marketing and design departments. Private officesoverlook the internal street.

EXHIBIT

MEETING ROOM

MEETING ROOM

AUDITORIUM

CAFE

RESTAURANT

CAFE

AUDITORIUM

COMMERCIAL

LOUNGE

HOTEL ROOMS

MARKETING OFFICES

CONFERENCE ROOMS

1 Node: Cafe

2 Internal Street: Conference Rooms3 Private Offices: Motorola Design

PROGRAM

DESIGN OFFICES

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3

The Motorola program is organized into 3 categories:node, internal street, and private offices. The express elevator stops become destinations. These nodes are programmed with event spaces: auditoriums, cafes, larger conference rooms. The Internal street is programmed with conference rooms. Getting off on your floor, you pass by the conference rooms. Theconference rooms terrace within the internal street. Interconnection between marketing and design departments.

MOTOROLASKIN: PROJECTION +TRANSPARENCY + MOVEMENT

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