veterinary panel review summaries for animals located at ......classified as “not recommended for...

This document contains summaries of review, deliberation, and consensus decisions by the NIH Veterinary Panel of animals classified as “Not Recommended for Relocation” to the Federal Sanctuary System operated by Chimp Haven, Inc. by the Attending Veterinarian at the Alamogordo Primate Facility.

As of October 24, 2019, forty-four animals in social groupings remain at the Alamogordo Primate Facility in Alamogordo, New Mexico (https://orip.nih.gov/comparative-medicine/programs/vertebrate-models/chimpanzee-management-reports).

The NIH Veterinary Panel used a review Protocol that is described here (https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/Protocol_for_Review_Process_by_the_Veterinary_Panel_9-16-2019_508.pdf). They looked at each animal individually, and then looked at the animal as part of its social grouping.

Summaries are presented for each animal by social grouping at the time of the NIH Veterinary Panel’s review.

https://orip.nih.gov/comparative-medicine/programs/vertebrate-models/chimpanzee-management-reports

https://orip.nih.gov/comparative-medicine/programs/vertebrate-models/chimpanzee-management-reports

https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/Protocol_for_Review_Process_by_the_Veterinary_Panel_9-16-2019_508.pdf

https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/Protocol_for_Review_Process_by_the_Veterinary_Panel_9-16-2019_508.pdf

GROUP 01

Summary of review, deliberation, and consensus decision by the NIH Veterinary Panel of Animals Classified as “Not Recommended for Relocation” to the Federal Sanctuary System Operated by Chimp

Haven, Inc. by the Attending Veterinarian (AV) at the Sending or Receiving Facilities

REVIEW OF ANIMAL RECORDS

Date Initial Review Completed: May 7, 2019

Animal Name: Sherril

Animal’s Date of Birth (if unavailable, estimated age): 07/23/1972 (46 y.o.)

Animal’s Sex (select one of the following options): Male Female

Animal’s Location (select one of the following options):

Alamogordo Primate Facility, Alamogordo, NM

Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Bastrop, TX

Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX

Panel Recommendation (select one of the following options):

The Panel agrees with the recommendation of the Attending Veterinarian at the sending or receiving facilities not to relocate the animal; the animal will therefore remain at the sending facility.

The Panel determines that additional information is needed from the Attending Veterinarian at the sending or receiving facilities before making further recommendations or decisions.

Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Sherril is geriatric female chimpanzee with hypertension and poorly regulated insulin-dependent diabetes. She has been placed on “Do Not Resuscitate” status based on the facility Quality of Life program due to the severity of her diabetes. In addition, Sherril resides in a long-standing socially bonded pair with another female chimpanzee, who the panel is also recommending not to move, and, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal diabetic crisis.





Animal Name: Pearl










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Pearl is a geriatric female chimpanzee with cardiovascular disease (VPCs, systemic hypertension), long-standing diabetes, and behavioral abnormalities. Pearl is not only of advanced age, but she has a significant number of medical conditions, one being diabetes requiring daily oral and injectable medications. Pearl resides in a long-standing socially bonded pair with another female chimpanzee, who the panel is also recommending not to move, and, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Amanda










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Amanda is a geriatric female chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (APCs, MR/TR regurgitation, atrial and pulmonary valve insufficiency, a tricuspid valve mass, and left ventricular hypertrophy). In addition to cardiovascular disease, this animal has progressive renal insufficiency and a uterine mass. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.

GROUP 02





Animal Name: Crystal










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Crystal is a geriatric female chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (poorly controlled hypertension, multiform VPCs and couplets, mild MR and trace atrial valvular insufficiency) that puts her at high risk for acute cardiac death. In addition, she is overweight with advanced osteoarthritis, bridging spondylosis, and a uterine mass that is persistent and progressive. Crystal resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Kim










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Kim is a female chimpanzee with cardiovascular disease (VPCs, systemic hypertension), left renal hydronephrosis, progressive renal failure (metabolic syndrome) and associated anemia which could increase her risk of developing a secondary cerebrovascular insult. In addition, she has severe osteoarthritis with bilateral drawer and crepitus of the right knee, and a uterine mass. Kim resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiovascular event.







Animal Name: Ann








Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Ann is geriatric female chimpanzee that has a progressive uterine mass, is overweight and has chronic renal failure with secondary anemia. She resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The stressors associated with shipping, quarantine, a change in social group formation, and new human care provider could exacerbate her chronic renal failure which could result in acute death.





Animal Name: Kaela










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Kaela is a female chimpanzee with advanced cardiac disease (degenerative valvular disease, occasional VPC, murmur, LV/LA enlargement), poorly regulated hypertension, and is overweight. In addition, she resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The stressors associated with shipping, quarantine, new social group formation and new human care provider could trigger an acute fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Mary










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Mary is a female chimpanzee that is overweight, has right knee cruciate damage, poorly regulated hypertension and cardiac disease (presumed LVH secondary to poorly regulated hypertension). She resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with shipping, quarantine, new social group formation and new human provider could trigger an acute fatal cardiac event.

GROUP 03





Animal Name: Kirsten










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Kirsten is a geriatric female chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (VPCs, mitral regurgitation, systemic hypertension, left atrial heart enlargement). She also has chronic renal disease, osteoarthritis, and is pre-diabetic. She is not only of advanced age, but she has a significant number of medical conditions. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Faylene










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Faylene is a geriatric female chimpanzee with poorly regulated hypertension and advanced cardiovascular disease (LV wall thickness, mild mitral/tricuspid regurgitation, multifocal PVC), which puts her at high risk for sudden death. In addition, she has a uterine mass and is HCV positive. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with shipping, quarantine, new social group formation and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Ginny










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Ginny is a female chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (degenerative valvular disease, mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, and atrial and pulmonary valve insufficiency). In addition to cardiovascular disease, she has a very large uterine mass and progressive bilateral hydronephrosis with secondary renal failure and anemia. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger an acute fatal cardiac event or renal decompensation.





Animal Name: Patricia










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Patricia is a female chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, atrial valve insufficiency and thickening, degenerative valve disease, and hypertension). In addition, she has hepatomegaly and renal insufficiency. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.

GROUP 04





Animal Name: Montessa










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Montessa is a geriatric female chimpanzee with cardiovascular disease (VPCs, mild valvular regurgitation, mild hypertension). She also has a uterine mass and is pre-diabetic. Due to her age and multiple medical conditions, the physiological and psychological stressors associated with the transportation, quarantine, change in social structure, and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.




Date Initial Review Completed: 05/15/2019

Animal Name: Tillina










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Tillina is a geriatric female with a uterine mass and severe osteoarthritis with muscle atrophy. Her advanced age and severe osteoarthritis places her at a significant disadvantage for successful shipment and quarantine, and incorporation into a new social group should she be relocated.





Animal Name: Julie










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Julie is a geriatric female chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (mVPCs, right bundle branch block, audible murmur). In addition to her advanced age, the physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Chauncy










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Chauncy is a female chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (left ventricular hypertrophy, VPCs, and mild mitral and tricuspid regurgitation), which puts her at high risk for acute cardiac death. In addition, she resides in a long-standing socially bonded pair with another female chimpanzee, who the panel is also recommending not to move, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Socorro










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Socorro is a geriatric female with a uterine mass, poorly controlled hypertension, and advanced cardiovascular disease (left ventricular hypertrophy, tricuspid/mitral valvular disease, VPCs, right axis deviation). In addition, she resides in a long-standing socially bonded pair with another female chimpanzee, who the panel is also recommending not to move, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The stress associated with shipping, quarantine, new social group formation and new human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.

GROUP 05





Animal Name: Guido










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Guido is a geriatric male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (VPCs, apical murmur, LV and LA enlargement, and bundle branch block). The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.






Animal Name: Tommy









Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Tommy is a geriatric male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (mVPCs, poorly controlled systemic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy) and osteoarthritis. He is of advanced age and resides in a 15+ year socially bonded group with two other male chimpanzees which, if disrupted, could negatively impact his psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Richard










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Richard is a geriatric male chimpanzee with mature cataracts (~90% vision loss, slow moving in den), moderately controlled hypertension and advanced cardiovascular disease (multifocal VPCs, globoid heart). His vision impairment could result in fatal trauma during shipment and/or during introduction into a new social group, as well as impact his ability to adjust to an unfamiliar location. In addition, Richard resides in a 15+ year socially bonded group with two other male chimpanzees which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The stress associated with shipping, quarantine, new social group formation, and a new human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Henry










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Henry is a geriatric male chimpanzee with lumbar spondylosis and advanced cardiovascular disease (multiform VPCs and right heart enlargement) which puts him at a high risk for acute cardiac death. In addition, he resides in a 15+ year socially bonded group with two other male chimpanzees which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.

GROUP 06





Animal Name: Martin










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Martin is a male chimpanzee with cardiovascular disease (mVPCs, apical murmur, and LV enlargement, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). In addition to cardiovascular disease, he has an unstable left stifle. Due to multiple medical conditions, the physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Lester










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Lester is a male chimpanzee with cardiovascular disease (LVH, trace MR and TR regurgitation, and muffled heart sounds) and bilateral ruptured ACLs. The stress associated with shipping, quarantine, new social group formation, and a new human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.

GROUP 07






Date Initial Review Completed: June 4, 2019

Animal Name: J.D.








Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: J.D. is a geriatric male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (Hypertension, mVPCs, APCs-RBBB, mild left atrial enlargement, mild left ventricular hypertrophy) which puts him at high risk for acute cardiac death. In addition, he resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Rocky










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Rocky is a geriatric male chimpanzee with osteoarthritis, a history of syncope and seizures and cardiovascular disease (frequent APCs, mildly thickened heart). He resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The stress associated with shipping, quarantine, new social group formation and new caregiver could trigger a fatal seizure and/or cardiac event.





Animal Name: Mr. Bill










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Mr. Bill is a geriatric male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (VPCs, systemic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy). He is also HCV+. He resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Danny










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Danny is a geriatric male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (LV hypertrophy, murmur, and VPCs). He is also a left leg amputee. He resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The panel has concerns about his ability to adjust to a new environment given his disability and is especially concerned with his ability to quickly run away from adverse situations if adjusting to new social groups. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: B.C.










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: B.C. is a geriatric male chimpanzee with cardiovascular disease (hypertension, aortic stenosis, murmur). He resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.

GROUP 08





Animal Name: Al










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Al is geriatric male chimpanzee with osteoarthritis and advanced cardiovascular disease (multifocal VPCs, LA enlargement, LV Hypertrophy, and murmur) which puts him at high risk for sudden cardiac death. He resides in a long-standing socially bonded pair, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The stress associated with shipping, quarantine, new social group formation and new caregiver could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Rudolph










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Rudolph is a geriatric male chimpanzee with a renal mass/dilation (mild azotemia), poorly controlled hypertension and advanced cardiovascular disease (left ventricular hypertrophy, VPCs). He resides in a long-standing socially bonded pair, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. Therefore, the physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Fonzie










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Fonzie is a geriatric male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (multifocal VPCs, degenerative valve disease with secondary heart enlargement, frequent ectopy, and left ventricular hypertrophy) which puts him at high risk for acute cardiac death. He resides in a long-standing socially bonded pair, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. Therefore, the physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.






Animal Name: Kamaka









Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Kamaka is a geriatric male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (VPCs, AV mineralization, and degenerative valve disease). He also has poorly regulated hypertension and lumbar osteoarthritis. He resides in a long-standing socially bonded pair, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. Therefore, the physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: El Rey










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: El Rey is a male chimpanzee with cardiovascular disease (VPCs, LV enlargement, ventricular ectopy). He resides in a long-standing socially bonded pair, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being as well as that of his partner. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Sho-gun










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Sho-gun is a male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (multiform VPCs, degenerative valvular disease, pulmonary hypertension, murmur, structural heart disease and heart enlargement) that puts him at high risk for acute cardiac death. In addition, he resides in a long-standing socially bonded pair, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiovascular event.

GROUP 09







Animal Name: Bert








Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Bert is a male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (multiform VPCs, mitral and tricuspid valvular regurgitation, and atrial valve insufficiency). In addition to cardiovascular disease, he has pronounced hepatomegaly likely related to his HCV carrier status, and lumbar spine osteoarthritis. He resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.


Haven, Inc. by the Attending Veterinarian (AV) at the Sending or Receiving Facilities REVIEW OF ANIMAL RECORDS


Animal Name: Thadeus










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Thadeus is geriatric male chimpanzee with hepatic amyloidosis, nephrotic syndrome and is HCV positive. He also has advanced cardiovascular disease (VPCs, valvular disease, mild LVH and a murmur) which puts him at high risk of sudden death. He resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event as well as negatively impact his renal and hepatic condition.




Date First Level of Review Completed (when this form is filled out): June 4, 2019

Animal Name: Nazrat










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Nazrat is a geriatric male chimpanzee with cardiovascular disease (APCs and VPCs, audible murmur, hypertension). He resides in a long-standing socially bonded group, which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. Therefore, the physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and change in human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.

GROUP 10






Animal Name: Emilio









Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Emilio is a geriatric male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (multiform VPCs/ APCs, degenerative valvular disease with MR and TR regurgitation, atrial insufficiency and a thickened atrial valve) which puts him at high risk for acute cardiac death. He is also HIV + and resides in a long standing socially bonded group which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, changes in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Date First Level of Review Completed: April 9, 2019

Animal Name: Kareem









Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Kareem is a geriatric male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (multiform VPCs) and primary respiratory disease (inspiratory stridor) which puts him at high risk for acute cardiopulmonary death while under sedation. He is also HIV + and resides in a long standing socially bonded group which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, changes in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.





Animal Name: Funface










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Funface is geriatric male with advanced cardiovascular disease (Left Ventricular enlargement, rare VPC). He is also HIV+ and resides in a long standing socially bonded group which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. Due to his advanced age and the stress associated with shipping, quarantine, new social group formation and new caregiver could trigger an acute fatal cardiac event.






Animal Name: Fred B









Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Fred B is a geriatric male chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (LV and LA enlargement, hypertension, VPCs, murmur, degenerative valve disease). He is also HIV+ and resides in a long standing socially bonded group which, if disrupted, could negatively affect his psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, changes in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.

GROUP 11








Animal Name: Nickel







Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Nickel is a geriatric female chimpanzee with chronic renal failure due to severe hydronephrosis, and anemia which puts her at high risk for an anesthetic crisis. She also has cardiac disease with history of a systolic 2/5 heart murmur. Her liver is displaced due to the hydronephrosis and she is also HIV+, HCV Antibody +, and prediabetic. In addition, Nickel resides in a long standing socially bonded group which, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. Nickel is not only of advanced age, but she has a significant number of medical conditions. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal metabolic or cardiac event.





Animal Name: Cora










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Cora is a geriatric female that has a history of aggression towards den mates and infants. She has lumbar spondylosis and advance cardiovascular disease (multifocal VPC, murmur and cardiac enlargement), and muscle wasting/atrophy to her legs. Cora is also HIV + and resides in a long standing socially bonded group which, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with shipping, quarantine, new social group formation and new caregiver could trigger an acute fatal cardiac event as well as extreme aggression towards den mates.





Animal Name: Olivia










Describe in a few sentences below the Panel’s rationale for its recommendation: Olivia is a geriatric female chimpanzee with advanced cardiovascular disease (VPCs, diastolic dysfunction, systemic hypertension, mild TR and MR regurgitation). Olivia is HIV+ and resides in a long standing socially bonded group which, if disrupted, could negatively affect her psychological well-being. The physiological and psychological stressors associated with transportation, quarantine, change in social structure and human care provider could trigger a fatal cardiac event.

veterinary panel review summaries for animals located at ......classified as “not recommended for...

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