Viewing the Galaxy through Hi-GAL

Michele PestalozziOn behalf of the Hi-GAL team

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

From the original Hi-GAL proposalThe Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey (Hi-GAL)

embodies the optimum combination of Herschel wavelength coverage, sensitivity, mapping strategy and speed to deliver, in a single and homogeneous dataset of the highest statistical significance, the ultimate census and characterisation (T, L, M and SED) of star forming regions and cold ISM structures in all the environments of the Galactic ecosystem, at unprecedented resolutions, and at all scales from massive objects in protoclusters to the full spiral arm.

Not to forget: legacy value

Hi-GAL features• Photometry survey of the Galactic Plane• 5 bands: 70, 160, 250, 350, 500 mm, i.e. PACS

and SPIRE parallel mode• +70o < l < -70o , -1o < b < +1o • 2ox2o tiles, 2 orthogonal directions, 60”/s• 343 hours of Herschel time• Today: completed to 95%, Hi-GAL2 on its way• No propriety period

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

PACSSPIRE

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

SCUBA2+LaBoCa+Bolocam

IGPS/GRS: Molecular ISM, VLSR Dkin

IPGS/HI+NVSS+SUMSS: atomic ISM, free-free, SNRs

CORNISH: free-free

Wav

elen

gth

(m

)

Hi-GAL

MIPSGAL I+II

2MASS/UKIDSS/VISTA

VPHAS/IPHAS (r,i + Ha): ionised ISM

GLIMPSE I+II

MSX

Galactic Longitude

WISEGLIMPSE360

Akari

Hi-GAL in context

Hi-GAL2

Hi-GAL2

2pHi-GAL

2pHi-GAL

HOPS

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

Hi-GAL gallery: 70mm

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

https://hi-gal.ifsi-roma.inaf.it/wiki/steering_group/data/data

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

Hi-GAL status today

• 54 of 70 tiles observed and reduced in all 5 bands– Fourth quadrant completed

• 5 of 48 Hi-GAL2 tiles observed and reduced• 2p-Hi-GAL proposal submitted

2p Hi-GAL submitted for OT2

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. PestalozziA&A Special Issue

Hi-GAL timeline2009 2010 2011

May 14th

Herschel launch

October(First) Hi-GAL obs(SDP fields)

JanuaryFirst regime obs(323, 312, 303, 305)

Massive reprocessingMassive extractionWiki population

PGLS

2012

Summer 2012Hi-GAL completionHi-GAL2 completion2p-Hi-GAL

First Hi-GAL2 obs

~10 Hi-GAL related papers,+5 in the A&A Special Issue) !!Basically on SDP data only !!

OT1: Hi-GAL2 OT2: 2p-Hi-GAL

Still open projects: 48

MW2011Herschel’s 858th day in orbit

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

Hi-GAL products

• Hi-GAL provides basically two products:

– High quality images– Large (homogeneous) catalogues,

of compact sources and filaments

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

• Instrumental calibration in HIPE• Export TOD and continue in IDL/Matlab• Mapmaking in Fortran (GLS)• Map enhancement in IDL/Matlab• All clearly explained in Traficante et al. 2010

Data reduction: map productionRPE correction will improve map quality

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

Compact source detection and extraction

• CUTEX, Molinari et al. 2010• Detection

– Based on image 2nd derivative in 4 directions• Extraction:

– 2D-Multiple Gaussian Fitting on a background• See Schisano’s talk

CUTEX example

M. Pestalozzi, Hi-GAL / OSO, 16 Novmeber 2010

1’x1’

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

Huge output…

428.000 sources in the bandmerged catalogue!428.000 sources in the bandmerged catalogue!The catalogue contains:peak and integrated fluxes, sizes at the different wavelengths, an estimate of T, L, M and b for an arbitrary distance of 1 kpc,for almost all sources… preliminar is a key word ;)

Distances

• Large observational campaign to obtain VLSR of compact objects – APEX for CO and OSO+Medicina+Effelsberg for NH3

• Exploitation of existing CO data cubes– GRS (first quadrant) and NANTEN (fourth quadrant)

• To date: some 30.000 kinematic distances available, most of them unambiguous!

Russeil et al., 2010MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

Distance databaseGRS in I quad (36-47)

NANTEN in IV quad (350-296)

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

Galactocentric distributions

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

“Immediate” galactic features

Note: kinematic distances calculated from brightest CO spectral feature

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

Mass in clumps and mass in gas

• Divide the galatocentric distribution into rings• Multiply the number of sources by a Clump-

mass-function• Compare total “clump mass” in the observed

area with total gas mass in the same area

• This should be an indicator of the “clump formation efficiency”

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

… in figures (preliminary)…

M#

obje

cts

, , ,Clump mass function: -0.9Profile range: ~ <1 – 8%

See also talks in Session 5, in particular Lada, Megeath, Menten and Moore, as well as posters by Maiolo (51), Veneziani (75)

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

• Take all sources in the 350-296 range• Select the ones with clear detections at 160,

250, 350mm, basically 17.000 sources• Complete SED with 70mm and 870mm• Fit SEDs, get masses and luminosities• Plot L/M in galactic radius…

Large samples give trends see poster by Facchini et al.

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

And much more…• Filaments

– Are they the preferred place for star formation? Talk by Schisano• Diffuse material

– Reconstruction of the 3D structure of the MW, Fractal dimension of the dust, dust propertiesSee talk by Paradis, Traficante, Marshall, poster by Elia (22), Schneider (69), Zhu (33)

• Structure of the Galaxy– See talk by Russeil

• Galactic Centre: talk by Bally, Molinari, Longmore• Triggered star formation: talks by Zavagno, Morgan• Core mass function and IMF: talk by Elia, poster by Olmi (61)• And even more in posters: HII regions (Paladini 63), IRDCs (Wilcock

77), Evolved stars (Martinavarro, 92)

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi

Thank you!• PI: Sergio Molinari• Steering Group: A. Noriega-Crespo, A. Zavagno, B.

Swinyard, J.-P. Bernard, J. Bally, L. Testi, M. Barlow, P. Martin, R. Plume, T. Moore

• All consortium members, Co-Is and associates (about 140 people!)

• In particular: Lorenzo Piazzo, David Ikhenaode, Alessio Traficante, Luca Calzoletti, Fabiana Faustini, Francesco Piacentini, Paolo Natoli, Marcella Veneziani, Joe Mottram, Delphine Russeil, and all at IFSI Anna, Stefano, Davide, Danae, Kazi, Gemma, Eugenio, Ada, Milena, John

MW2011, September 19-23, Rome - Hi-GAL, M. Pestalozzi