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ASRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

STUDENT HAND BOOK

Bachelor of Technology

Semester- 7th

Study Scheme- 2011 onwards

DEPARMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING


BHAWANIGARH (SANGRUR)

AUTHORS:Er.ManpreetKaushalEr.NeerajJulkaEr. Gagandeep KaurEr.Rajneesh KansalEr.Jagdeep Singh

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING


STUDY SCHEME

Course code Course title Load

allocation

Marks distribution Total

Marks

Credits

L T P Internal External

BTCS-403 Computer Networks 3 1 - 40 60 100 4

BTEC-701 Embedded Systems 3 1 - 40 60 100 4

BTEC-702 Optical Communication 3 1 - 40 60 100 4

BTEC 913 Human Resource

Management

3 1 - 40 60 100 4

BTEC 919 Mobile Computing 3 1 - 40 60 100 4

BTEC-703 Lab Wireless and Optical

Systems & Networks

- - 2 30 20 50 1

BTEC-704 Lab Embedded Systems - - 2 30 20 50 1

BTEC-705 Major Project - - 6 100 50 150 3

General Fitness - - - 100 NA 100

15 5 10 460 390 850 25



Syllabus

BTCS-403 Computer Networks Internal Marks: 40 L T P External Marks: 60 3 1 0 Total Marks: 100

Unit-I Introduction Introduction, Network Topologies, Wired Vs wireless Networks, LAN, MAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet & Extranet, Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services, Need of Protocols, TCP/IP reference Model, comparison of OSI & TCP/IP. Bridges, Hubs and Switches, Virtual LANs Unit-II Network Protocols ALOHA, Carrier Sense Multiple Access Protocols, ARP, RARP, Framing, One-Bit Sliding Window Protocol, Protocol Using Go Back N, Protocol Using Selective Repeat, High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) Unit-III Congestion Control in Data Networks Congestion Prevention Policies, Congestion Control in Virtual-Circuit Subnets, Congestion Control in Datagram Subnets, Effects of Congestion, Load Shedding, Jitter Control, Congestion Control in Packet-Switching Networks Unit-IV Routing Algorithms The Optimality Principle, Shortest Path Routing, Flooding, Distance Vector Routing, Link State Routing, Hierarchical Routing, Broadcast Routing, Multicast Routing, Routing for Mobile Hosts, Routing in Ad Hoc Networks, Node Lookup in Peer-to-Peer Networks Unit-V Internetwork Protocols Internet Protocol & IP Addresses, Principles of Internetworking, Internet Protocol Operation, IPv6, Virtual Private Networks and IP Security Reference Books: 1. William Stallings ―Computer Networking with Internet Protocols And Technology‖, Pearson Education.

2. Andrew S. Tanenbaum ―Computer Networks‖, PHI

3. Keneth C. Mansfield, Jr. James L. Antonakos ―An Introduction to Computer Networking‖, PHI.

4. Behrouz A. Forouzan ―Data Communications and Networking‖, McGraw Hill



BTEC-701 Embedded Systems

Internal Marks: 40 L T P External Marks: 60 3 1 0 Total Marks: 100

Unit-I: Arm Processor Architecture Architecture, Registers, Interrupts & Vector Table, I/O Ports, ARM Processor family, JTAG, I2C bus Unit-II: Arm Programming Instructions Instruction Set: Data processing instructions, Addressing modes, Load Store Instructions, PSR (Program Status Register) Instructions, Conditional Instructions, Interrupt Instructions Unit-III: C Programming Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for C/C++ Programming, C/C++ Programs using Function Calls, Pointers, Structures, Integers & Floating Point Arithmetic, Assembly Code using Instruction Scheduling, Register Allocation, Conditional Execution & Loops Unit-IV: Interfacing Peripherals Interfacing: ADC & DAC, Sensors, Memory, LCD Display, Stepper Motor, DC Motor, SD-MMC Card, Biometric & RFID, ZIGBEE, GSM Interfaces, Debugging Tools References Books: 1. Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, John Rayfield, ―ARM System Developer’s Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software‖, Elsevier 2008.

2. Brooks, Cole, ―Embedded Microcontroller Systems, Real Time Interfacing‖, Thomson Learning 1999

3. Steve Furber, ―ARM system on Chip Architecture‖, Addision Wesley

4. Trevor Martin, ―The Insider's Guide to The Philips ARM7 - Based Microcontrollers, An Engineer's Introduction To The LPC2100 Series‖ Hitex Ltd.

5. ARM Architecture Reference Manual

6. Website www.arm.com



BTEC-702 Optical Communication


Unit-I Introduction Need of Fiber Optic Communications, Evolution of Light wave Systems, Basic Concepts; Analog & Digital Signals, Channel Multiplexing, Modulation Formats, Optical Communication Systems, Light wave System Components; Optical Fibers as a Communication Channel, Optical Transmitters, Optical Receivers. Unit-II Optical Fibers Geometrical-Optics Description; Step-Index Fibers, Graded Index Fibers, Wave Propagation; Maxwell’s Equations, Fiber Modes, Single-Mode-Fibers, Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibers; Group Velocity Dispersion, Material Dispersion, Wave guide Dispersion, Higher-order Dispersion, Polarization-Mode Dispersion, Dispersion-Induced Limitations; Basic Propagation Equation, Chirped Gaussian Pulses, Limitations on the Bit Rate, Fiber Bandwidth , Fiber Losses; Attenuation Coefficient, Material Absorption, Rayleigh Scattering, wave guide Imperfections, Nonlinear Optical effects; Stimulated Light Scattering, Nonlinear Phase Modulation, Four Wave Mixing, Fiber Manufacturing; Design Issues, Fabrication Methods, Cables and Connectors Unit-III Optical Transmitters Basic Concepts; Emission and Absorption Rates, p-n Junctions, Non radiative Recombination, Semi conductor Materials, Light Emitting Diodes; Power-current Characteristics, LED spectrum, Modulation Response, LED Structures, Semi Conductor Lasers; DFB Lasers, Coupled Cavity semiconductor Lasers, Tunable Semiconductor Lasers, Vertical Cavity Semiconductor Lasers, Laser Characteristics, Small & Large Signal Modulation, Spectral Line width, Source Fiber Coupling. Unit-IV Optical Receivers Basic concepts, p-n Photo Diodes, p-i-n Photo Diodes, Avalanche Photo Diode, MSM Photo detector, Receiver Design, Receiver Noise; Noise mechanism, Receiver sensitivity; Bit error rate, Minimum Receiver Power, Sensitivity Degradation, Receiver Performance. Unit-V Light Wave Systems System Architecture, Loss limited Light wave systems, Dispersion limited Light wave systems, Power Budget, Long Haul systems, Sources of Power Penalty; Model Noise, Dispersive Pulse Broadening, Mode Partition Noise, Frequency Chirping, Reflection Feedback Noise Unit-VI Multi channel Systems WDM Light wave systems, Optical TDM Systems, Subscriber Multiplexing, Code Division Multiplexing.Reference Books: 1. Senior J. Optical Fiber Communications, Principles & Practice, PHI. 2. Keiser G., Optical Fiber Communication Mcgraw-hill. 3. Govind P. Agrawal, Fiber Optics Communication Systems John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd. 4. Djafar K. Mynbeav, ―Fiber-Optics Communications Technology‖ Pearson.



BTEC 913 Human Resource Management


Unit-I Introduction to Human Resource Definition, Role and Functions of Human Resource Management, Concept and Significance of HR, Changing role of HR managers, HR functions and Global Environment, role of a HR Manager. Unit-II Human Resources Planning Need and Process for Human Resource Planning, Methods of Recruitment, Planning Process, Planning at different levels, Recruitment and selection processes, Sources of Recruitment, Restructuring strategies, Placement and Induction, Retention of Employees, , Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of vacancies). Unit-III Training and Development Principles of Training, Employee Development, Need for skill up gradation, Assessment of training needs, Retraining and Redeployment methods and techniques of training employees and executives, performance appraisal systems Career Development & Planning. Unit-IV Job analysis, Design and Satisfaction Job Analysis: Job Description & Job Description, Job Specification, Job satisfaction and its importance; Motivation, Factors affecting motivation, introduction to Motivation Theory; Workers ' Participation, Quality of work life. Unit-V Industrial Relations Factors influencing industrial relations, State Interventions and Legal Framework, Role of Trade unions, Collective Bargaining, Worker’s participation in management.Reference Books: 1. T.N.Chhabra- Human Resource Management (DhanpatRai& Co.).

2. Gary Dessler, Human Resource Management (8th ed.), Pearson Education, Delhi

3. BiswajeetPatanayak, Human Resource Management, PHI, New Delhi

4. A Minappa and M. S. Saiyada - Personnel Management (Tata Mc. Graw-Hill)



BTEC 919 Mobile Computing


Unit-I Introduction Introduction, issues in mobile computing, overview of wireless telephony: cellular concept, GSM: air-interface, channel structure, location management: HLR-VLR, hierarchical, handoffs, channel allocation in cellular systems Unit II Mobile Network & Transport Layer Mobile IP Goals, assumptions, entities and terminology, IP packet delivery, agent advertisement and discovery, registration, tunneling and encapsulation, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Traditional TCP, Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP, Fast retransmit/fast recovery, Transmission /time-out freezing, Selective retransmission, Transaction oriented TCP. Unit III Wireless Networking Wireless LAN Overview: MAC issues, IEEE 802.11, Blue Tooth, Wireless multiple access protocols, TCP over wireless, Wireless applications, data broadcasting, Mobile IP, WAP: Architecture, protocol stack, application environment, applications. Unit III Mobile Ad hoc Networks Mobile Agents computing, security and fault tolerance, transaction processing in mobile computing environment, Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs): Overview, Properties of a MANET, spectrum of MANET applications, routing and various routing algorithms, security in MANETs. Reference Books: 1. J. Schiller, Mobile Communications, Addison-Wesley, second edition, 2004.

2. Raj Pandya, Mobile & Personal Communication Systems and Service, PHI.

3. Asoke k Talukder ,Roopa R Yavagal, Mobile Computing , Technology, Application & Service Creation. Tata McGraw Hill

4. Stojmenovic and Cacute, ―Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing‖, Wiley, 2002.



BTEC-703 Lab Wireless and Optical Systems & Networks


List of Experiments

1. Study and measurement of attenuation and loss in optical fiber.

2. Study and measurement of bending loss in optical fiber.

3. Study and measurement of numerical aperture of optical fiber.

4. Measurement of optical power using optical power meter.

5. To Study the transmission of TDM signal through optical fiber.

6. To determine the bit rate of the optical fiber link.

7. Study of various multiplexing techniques.

8. To determine the BER of wireless system using M-ARY (BPSK,QPSK,8PSK,16PSK) technique.

9. To determine the BER of wireless system using QAM technique



BTEC-704 Embedded Systems Lab


List of Experiments

1. Study of ARM7 & ARM9 Bit Processor Architecture and Pin Diagram.

2. Study of Interrupt structure in ARM Processors

3. Write ARM Processor program to Flash LED

4. Interfacing of an LCD Display

5. Write a program to interface an ADC

6. Write a program to generate a Ramp waveform using DAC interface

7. Write a program to control a Stepper Motor

8. Write a program to control the speed of DC motor

9. Interface relays and write a program to control them

10. Interface ZIGBEE with ARM to control more external devices

11. Interfacing of Biometric information recorder

12. Interfacing RFID module with ARM Microcontroller



Subject:-Computer Networks

ASSIGNMENT 1

Q:1 Define Different Network Topologies And Which Is Better ?

Q:2 Define Internet, Intranet & Extranet,?

Q:3 Difference Between Wired Vs Wireless Networks,?

Q:4 Explain In Detail LAN, MAN, WAN ?

Q;5 Explain Connection-Oriented And Connectionless Services?

Q:6 What Is Difference Between Hub And Switch, Which Is Better?

ASSIGNMENT 2

Q:1 Define Protocol ?

Q:2 Define Aloha In Detail?

Q:3 Explain Sliding Window Protocol?

Q:4 Carrier Sense Multiple Access Protocols

Q:5 Explain And Difference Between ARP &RARP ?

ASSIGNMENT 3

Q:1 What you mean by congestion?

Q:2 explain different congestion polices?

Q:3 explain how to load shielding?

Q:4 explain how to control the congestion in packet switching ?



ASSIGNMENT 4

Q:1 What you mean by routing ?

Q:2 Explain optimality principals ?

Q;3 Explain in detail distance vector routing??

Q:4 Explain in detail link state routing ?

Q:5 Explain how routing works in adhoc networks?

ASSIGNMENT 5

Q:1 what do you mean by IP ?

Q;2 explain different classes of IP ?

Q;3 what are different principals of internetworking, explain in detail ?

Q:4 what the difference between IPv4 & IPV6 ?

Q:5 Write a short note on internet security



Subject:-Computer Networks

TUTORIAL SHEET NO.-1

Q.1. Define Protocol architecture.

Q.2. What is a Protocol?

Q.3. What do you mean by standards?

Q.4. Name any four standards creation committees.

Q.5. Discuss simple protocol architecture?

Q.6 What is the main communication agents’

Q.7. Explain the Three layer model briefly.

Q.8. Define service access points?

Q.9. What is interface data unit (IDU)?

Q.10. Define service data unit (SDU).

Q. 11. Name two types of guided and unguided media.

Q. 12. What is the form of the signal in twisted pair cable and co-axial cable? How does this

differ from the signal in fiber-optic cable?

Q. 13. What is the connector used for twisted pair cable?

Q. 14. What do you understand by wireless transmission?

Q. 15. What are three ways for wireless data to be propagated?


Q1. Define IC! (Interface control Unit).

Q2. What is PDU (Protocol Data Unit) ?

Q3. What are the Merits and demerits of Os! Reference model?

Q4. Write a short note on LAN.

Q5. Write a short note on WANs.



Q6. Define Internet?

Q7. Write a short note on intranet.

Q8. What is Extranet?

Q9. Name any five standard creation committees

Q10. Describe connection-oriented and connectionless services.

Q. 11. What is the purpose of cladding in an optical fiber?

Q. 12. What is the connector used to connect devices through co-axial cable?

Q. 13. Define Shannon capacity and what is it a functions of it?

Q. 14. What is the NYQUIST Bandwidth?

Q. 15. Give the mathematical representation for the theoretical maximum capacity of a channel.


Q1. Discuss the communication systems.

Q.2 Explain the OSI Reference model.

Q.3 Write down the Basic principles of OSI model.

Q.4What is Sliding Window Protocol?

Q.5What are the various networking devices?

Q.6 Explain TCP/IP Protocol.

Q.7 Write a short note on Ethernet.

Q.8Define multiplexing.

Q.9 State the importance of multiplexing.

Q.10What are the types of multiplexing

Q.11. Difference between error control and flow control.

Q.12. Write a short note on twisted pair and what are the various standards for twisted pair cable?

Q.13. What are various connectors used in

Q.14. What is difference between twisted pair, co-axial cable and fiber optics?

Q.15. What is Radio wave transmission system?



Subject:- Embedded Systems

ASSIGNMENT 1

Q1) Write a short note on the following

a) I2C bus b) Registers c) Interrupts & Vector Table

Q2) Describe the following in brief

a) I/O Ports b) ARM Processor family c) JTAG

Q3) Explain the Architecture of ARM Processor in detail

ASSIGNMENT 2

Q1) Explain the Data processing instructions in detail

Q2) Briefly explain the different addressing modes.

Q3) Define PSR (Program Status Register) and its Instructions

Q4) Conditional Instructions and Interrupt Instructions

ASSIGNMENT 3

Q1) Draw and explain the interfacing of ADC and DAC

Q2) Draw and explain the interfacing of Sensors.

Q3) Draw and explain the interfacing of Memory.

Q4) Draw and explain the interfacing of LCD Display.



ASSIGNMENT 4

Q1) Draw and explain the interfacing of Stepper Motor.

Q2) Draw and explain the interfacing of DC Motor

Q3) Draw and explain the interfacing of SD-MMC Card.

Q4) Draw and explain the interfacing of Biometric card.

ASSIGNMENT 5

Q1) Draw and explain the interfacing of RFID.

Q2) Draw and explain the interfacing of ZIGBEE

Q3) Draw and explain the interfacing of GSM Interfaces

Q4) Describe the term Debugging Tools



Subject:- Embedded Systems

TUTORIAL SHEET NO.-1Q1) Write a short note on the following

b) Integrated Development Environment (IDE) c) Registers d) Interrupts & Vector Table

Q2) Describe the following in brief

b) I/O Portsc) ARM Processor familyd) C Programs using Function Calls

Q3) Explain the Architecture of ARM Processor in detail

Q4) Draw and explain the interfacing of Stepper Motor.

Q5) Describe the Assembly Code using Instruction Scheduling.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO.-2Q1) Explain the Data processing instructions in detail

Q2) Briefly explain the Pointers, Structures.

Q3) Define PSR (Program Status Register) and its Instructions

Q4) Conditional Instructions and Interrupt Instructions

Q5) Draw and explain the interfacing of SD-MMC Card.

Q6) Draw and explain the interfacing of Biometric card.



TUTORIAL SHEET NO.-3Q1) Draw and explain the interfacing of ADC and DAC

Q2) Draw and explain the interfacing of Sensors.

Q3) Explain the Integers & Floating Point Arithmetic.

Q4) Draw and explain the interfacing of LCD Display.

Q5) Draw and explain the interfacing of GSM Interfaces

Q6) Desrcibe the term Debugging Tools



Subject:- Optical Communication

ASSIGNMENT 1

Q)1What is Optical Communications system? Explain in detail.

Q)2.What is analog and digital signal.

Q)3.Explain channel multiplexing in detail.

Q)4 Write a note on

a. Optical Transmitter

b. Optical Receiver

ASSIGNMENT 2

Q)1Explain in detail Step-Index Fibers&Graded Index fiber

Q)2 Explain Rayleigh Scattering & simulated light scattering

Q)3 Explain various type of modes in fiber .Explain the single mode fiber.

Q)4 Write a note on

a). Group Velocity Dispersion b). Material Dispersion

Q)5 Explain Fiber Losses in detail.



ASSIGNMENT 3

Q)1 Explain spontaneous emission and stimulated emission

Q)2 What do you mean by optical splicing briefly describe the different type of optical splicing used in OFC

Q)3 Briefly explain the various design issues involved in optical fiber manufacturing.

Q)4Determine the phenomenon of modal noise in optical fiber& suggest how it may be avoided

ASSIGNMENT 4

Q)1Explain Avalanche photo diode in detail.

Q)2Explain WDM in detail.

Q)3Explain the basic principle of MSM photo detector.

Q)4Explain analog optical receiver with mathematical expression.

Q)5 Describe thermal noise mechanism in optical receiver.

ASSIGNMENT 5

Q)1Explain the principle and construction of APD with neat sketch

Q)2 Explain optical TDM system in detail.

Q)3 Explain dispersive pulse broadening.

Q)4Write a note on

Mode partition noise Frequency chirping Reflection noise



Subject:- Optical Communication


Q)1What is the need of Optical Fiber Communication

Q)2Draw and explain block diagram of optical communication system.

Q)3What are the advantages of optical fiber communication?

Q)4What is the structure of an optical fiber?

Q)5How does light propagate along a fiber?

Q)6Of what materials are fibers made? how works Optical Fibers as a Communication

Q)7List some applications where optical fibers may be useful.

Q)8Describe the history of optical fiber communication.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO.-2Q)1What is Light Wave System?

Q)2Light wave System Components

Q)3What is Channel Multiplexing

Q)4What is Modulation Formats

Q)5Basic Concepts of Analog & Digital Signals

Q)6What is Optical Transmitters,

Q)7What is Optical Receivers

Q)8What is core?



TUTORIAL SHEET NO.-3Q)1What is cladding?

Q)2What is step index fiber?

Q)3What is graded index fiber?

Q)4What is critical angle?

Q)5meant by numerical aperture?

Q)6What is multimode fiber?

Q)7What is meant by acceptance angle for an optical fiber?

Q)8Define the relative refractive index difference for an optical fiber and show how it may be

related to the numerical aperture of optical fiber



Subject:- Human Resource Management

ASSIGNMENT 1

Q1.What is the role and functions of Human Resource Management.

Q2. What is the Concept and Significance of HR.

Q3. Describe various HR functions.

Q4. Explain Global Environment

ASSIGNMENT 2

Q1. What is the need and Process for Human Resource Planning?

Q2. What are the Methods of Recruitment.

Q3. Describe recruitment and selection processes.

Q4. Explain retention of Employees.

Q5. Describe Sources of Recruitment

ASSIGNMENT 3

Q1. Describe Principles of Training.

Q2. What is Employee Development?

Q3. State Retraining and Redeployment methods.

Q4. Write the techniques of training employees and executives.

Q5. Explain performance appraisal systems.



ASSIGNMENT 4

Q1. Explain Job satisfaction and its Importance.

Q2. Explain Motivation & Factors affecting motivation.

Q3. What is Quality of work life?

Q4. Explain Job description and its Importance.

ASSIGNMENT 5

Q1. What are Industrial Relations & Factors influencing industrial relations.

Q2. What are the Role of Trade unions?

Q3. Explain Collective Bargaining.

Q4. Write the Worker’s participation in management.



Subject:- Mobile Computing

ASSIGNMENT 1

Q1 What do you mean by Mobile Computing? Discuss the issues in it.

Q2 What do you understand by “Cellular Concept”.

Q3 Draw and explain the GSM system architecture.

Q4 Explain the different hand off strategies used in wireless communication.

Q5 Discuss the channel allocation in cellular system.

ASSIGNMENT 2

Q1 What is meant by Mobile IP? Discuss the goals and layers of mobile IP?

Q2 Describe tunneling and encapsulation in Mobile IP.

Q3 Briefly explains about indirect and snooping TCP.

Q4 Differentiate traditional TCP with mobile TCP.

Q5 What is DHCP? Explain its operation with a time line diagram.

ASSIGNMENT 3

Q1 Explain the layer management of IEEE 802.11 with suitable diagrams.

Q2 Draw the Bluetooth protocol stack and explain the core protocols.

Q3 What is meant by Mobile IP? Discuss the goals and layers of mobile IP.

Q4 Explain the components of WAP architecture and its application environment.

Q5 Write short notes on security features of WAP.



ASSIGNMENT 4

Q1 What are the advantages of wireless LAN?

Q2 Draw the MAC layer frame format of IEEE 802.11.

Q3. Explain the architecture of Bluetooth.

Q4What are Ad-hoc networks? Mention their application type and unique features.

Q5 List the security issues in ad-hoc networks. Explain the types of Attacks.

ASSIGNMENT 5

Q1 Why Ad-hoc network is integrated with mobile IP?

Q2 Discuss the various properties of MANET.

Q3 Discuss the security issues in mobile ad-hoc networks.

Q4 With an example, explain the dynamic source routing protocol.

Q5 Explain the various routing strategies in mobile ad-hoc networks?



Subject:- Mobile Computing


Q1 What is Mobile Computing and the applications?

Q2 Difference between Soft Handoff and Hard Handoff.

Q3 What is the function of VLR?

Q4 State the need for fast retransmission and Recovery.

Q5 What is meant by tunneling?

TUTORIAL SHEET NO.-2Q1 Define time – out freezing?

Q2 What do you mean by reverse tunneling?

Q3 Give the structure of a TCP header.

Q4Differentiate traditional TCP with mobile TCP.

Q5 What is the purpose of DHCP? In what way DHCP can be used for mobility?

TUTORIAL SHEET NO.-3Q1 Give the structure of a Bluetooth frame.What are the low power states of a blue tooth device?

Q2 Why does not TCP work well in ad hoc network?

Q3 Mention the role of session protocol in WAP.

Q4 Why ad hoc networks are needed?

Q5 How does energy aware routing work?


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