vijay diwan nisarg mitra mandal, aurangabad [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
Our sun• Relatively a smaller star.• Has hydrogen, helium & other
trace elements.• G2 star : with surface
temperature of 6000° K.• Shows sun-spots and sun flares.
• Emits sunlight along with infra-red & ultra-violet rays.
The Earth
• 3rd solar planet, the largest of the inner planets. Revolves in an elliptical orbit around the Sun. Supports life forms on its surface.
The Earth
• Cycle of eccentricity affecting the Northern hemisphere - March to June less CO2 , September to December more CO2
Earth – the facilitator of life
• A blue planet : 70% surface occupied by water.
• Available fresh water 1 %• Has an envelop of gaseous
atmosphere.• The temperature range
limited, from 0°K to 331°K• Supports biota.
Atmosphere – the earth’s armourThe green house gases : CO2 : 0.03 % Ozone: 0.000004 % Vapour : 0 to 4 % Methane : 0.0002 % N2 Oxides : 0.00003 % C F Cs : 463100 tons (1987) 134100 tons (2000)
Greenhouse gas emissions 200 years of fossil fuel burning caused emission
of 28,431,741 thousand mt. tons of GHGs.
1. China : 20.7 % – 30th
2. U.S. : 15.5 % – 5th
3. E.U. : 11.8 % – 17th
4. India : 5.0 % – 66th
5. Japan : 3.3 % – 15th
310
320
340
360
370
380
Carb
on D
ioxi
de C
once
ntra
tion
(ppm
v)
330
350
390
1960 20001970 1980 1990
Greenhouse gas emissions 2010
Global warming & Climate change GHGs emission caused by humans has raised the surface temperatures
of Earth from 0.18° C to 0.74° C during 100 years. – IPCC, United Nations
Melt down of the Antarctica
Melt down of the Arctic sea
Melting of glaciers
2004
1941
The Impacts of global warming• Extreme and severe climate changes.• Polar & glacial ice melting.• Islands and costal land submergence.• Excessive flooding or drying of rivers.• Increase in number and intensity of hurricanes.• Greater polar temperatures and salination
affecting oceans’ conveyer currents.• Reduction in carbon deposition in the tropical
forests.• Increase in insect vector population causing
greater epidemics.• Biodiversity loss at a alarming level.
Climate change – India profile Global warming will cause
excessive floods & draughts in N.E. India.
Forests & agriculture will be affected endangering food security & livelihoods.
Western and central India will have two extra weeks of draught.
North & north-east sectors will have 5 to 10 extra days of floods.
With increased mosquito breeding, malaria & dengue affected areas will increase by 10%.
(Govt. of India’s Report to the I.P.C.C. – 2005)
Attitude of the developed nations• (EMIT) Environmental Measures & International
Trade Group founded in 1971, but remains inactive for 20 years.
• The Agenda-21 of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit fails.• US refuses to accept the 1993 Kyoto protocol.• US does not support the 1993 Biodiversity
Convention of Johannesburg.• Developed countries refuse to transfer low carbon
technologies unless developing countries accept carbon cuts, at December 2007 Bali meet.
• December 2009 summit at Copenhagen ends with no solution, but arguments only.
The writing on the wall !• We must understand the limits of the natural
resources that fuel the so called development.
• Yet, the developed and developing nations continue to pursue the ‘growth rate’ paradigm, that will lead to a future where our children will not be able to sustain life.
• Now, we have to make very fundamental choices about our lifestyles.
What do we need to save this planet ?
• A paradigm change : ecological pressures to influence the policy making.
• Nations’ right to protect their own natural resources be accepted.
• Decision making be multi-lateral, not unilateral.• People’s right to regulate investments for
ecological and social justice be protected.• Effective population control measures be
chosen.• Global grassroots movements in eco-protection
be consulted in the process of development.
What can you do ?• Reduce consumption
• Plant trees• Drive less
• Shop smart• Use renewable energy
• Unplug in time• Improve insulation
• Be informed
Don’t remain happy in ignorance !
Planet Earth could be perishing!
Let us treat it sustainably and save it.