JOSÉ CARLOS CÁRDENAS MONTES

PANORAMIC VIEW OF

UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIRS

(SHALE PLAYS).

COLOMBIA AND THE WORLD.

2014

¿WHAT ARE UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIRS?

PROPOSAL EVIDENT

Where is the most likely place in any

sedimentary basin to find hydrocarbons?

The source rock

Where is the most difficult horizons to

produce hydrocarbons

The source rock

PERSPECTIVE GAS RESERVOIR

PORE SYSTEM ORGANIC SHALE

WGOS ,,

Geochemistry

Petrophysical

Geomechanics

CHARACTERIZATION OF SHALE RESERVOIRS

KEY KNOWLEDGE FOR ORGANIC RICH RESERVOIR

KEY KNOWLEDGE FOR ORGANIC RICH RESERVOIR

Geologic

Hazards Shale

Sensitivity

Water

Disposal

Water

Availability

Manageable (Development)

Frac

Barriers

Thickness

Depth

Stresses

Pressure

Important (Prospect)

Stimulation

Potential Organic

Richness

Maturation Complexity

Critical (Play)

Natural

Fracs

Kerogen

Type

Diagenesis

Matrix

Permeability

Mineralogy

Significant (sweet Spots)

Fuente: Instituto Colombiano del petróleo.

ELEMENTS NEEDED TO MAKE A PLAY OF GAS PRODUCTION AND TRADE

SHALE PRODUCTIVE

¿WHAT IS DIFFERENT? - DRAINAGE

RESERVOIR PERMEABILITY IS STILL IMPORTANT.

• Low connectivity between pore space and well-bore:

Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing

• Need long, narrow fractures; proppant settling

• Water needed for fracturing fluid.

• Water disposal.

• Public perception.

12

Key Issues with Shale Gas Production

KEY DEVELOPMENT AREAS

Operating efficiency

Geology

Evaluation

Drilling Completion

Production

15

The US Shales are driving the natural gas supply increase

revolution

16

The shale revolution is also impacting liquids production

in the US

17

THERE ARE NUMEROUS HOT PLAYS IN NORTH

AMERICA, WITH DIFFERENT DYNAMICS

18

MASSIVE RESOURCE POTENTIAL IS IN PLACE, WITH

NEW PLAYS MATERIALIZING AND COSTS DECLINING

19

MASSIVE RESOURCE POTENTIAL IS IN PLACE, WITH

NEW PLAYS MATERIALIZING AND COSTS DECLINING

20

MASSIVE RESOURCE POTENTIAL IS IN PLACE, WITH

NEW PLAYS MATERIALIZING AND COSTS DECLINING

21

KEY TRENDS IN NORTH AMERICA

22

SHALE RECOVERABLE VOLUME ESTIMATES CONTINUE

TO INCREASE

23

The unit cost has declined significantly in the last 3 year

24

RIG PERFORMANCE CONTINUES TO IMPROVE,

LOWERING THE NEED FOR GAS RIGS

25

HOW MUCH ADDITIONAL ROOM FOR PAD DRILLING

AND IMPROVEMENT IN DRILLING TIMES?

26

Associated gas is increasing as new oil developments

show higher gas rates

27

Bakken—a significant gas resource play with all that oil

28

GLOBAL TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

29

The interest for Unconventionals expanded internationally,

with numerous global unconventional exploration ―hot

spots

30

Globally, countries with most activity combine low relative

well costs and high potential volumes

31

By 2030, ~4.5% to ~8% of the global oil supply is expected

to be sourced from Shale Oil

32

However, the road to success in Unconventionals is long,

expensive, difficult, and risky …

33

US Difficult, and risky …

34

U.S.A Remaning Shale gas Reserves and Undeveloped

Resources

35

Shale gas/Oil reservoir properties and resources of

Argentina

Shale Gas Shale Oil

36

Shale gas/oil reservoir properties and resources of

Brazil

Shale Gas

Shale Oil

37

Shale gas/Oil reservoir properties and resources of

Colombia

Shale Gas Shale Oil

38

Shale gas/oil reservoir properties and resources of

Poland - Lithuania

Shale Oil - Poland

Shale Gas/Oil Lithuania

39

Shale gas/oil reservoir properties and resources of

Rusia.

Shale Gas

Shale Oil

40

Shale gas/oil reservoir properties and resources of

Eastern Europe.

Shale Gas

Shale Oil

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