visual intelligence' by ganes kesari, at hyderabad analytics club
TRANSCRIPT
VISUAL INTELLIGENCE
Ganes Kesari B, VP, Gramener
WHY VISUALISE?
100
YEAR
S O
F IN
DIA
’S
WE
ATH
ER
1901
1911
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WT0Aq41BaOQ
THERE ARE MANY WAYS TO AID DATA CONSUMPTION
SHOWme what is
happening with the data
EXPLAINto me why it’s
happening
Allow me to
EXPLOREand figure it out
Just
EXPOSEthe data to me
Low effort High effort
High effort
Low effort
Creator
Consumer
SHOWme what is
happening with the data
EXPLAINto me why it’s
happening
Allow me to
EXPLOREand figure it out
Just
EXPOSEthe data to me
INDIA’S RELIGIONS
AUSTRALIA’S RELIGIONS
https://gramener.com/search/#questions/how-to-
SHOWme what is
happening with the data
EXPLAINto me why it’s
happening
Allow me to
EXPLOREand figure it out
Just
EXPOSEthe data to me
Simplifying access to data is a big win
SHOWme what is
happening with the data
EXPLAINto me why it’s
happening
Allow me to
EXPLOREand figure it out
Just
EXPOSEthe data to me
DETECTING FRAUD
“ We know meter readings are incorrect, for various reasons.
We don’t, however, have the concrete proof we need to start the process of meter reading automation.
Part of our problem is the volume of data that needs to be analysed. The other is the inexperience in tools or analyses to identify such patterns.
ENERGY UTILITY
AN ENERGY UTILITY DETECTED BILLING FRAUD
This plot shows the frequency of all meter readings from Apr-2010 to Mar-2011. An unusually large
number of readings are aligned with the slab boundaries.
Below is a simple histogram (or frequency distribution) of usage levels. Each bar represents the number of customers with a customers with a specific bill amount (in units, or KWh).
Tariffs are based on the usage slab. Someone with 101 units is billed in full at a higher tariff than someone with 100 units. So people have a strong incentive to stay at or within a slab boundary.
An energy utility (with over 50 million subscribers) had 10 years worth of customer billing data available.
Most fraud detection software failed to load the data, and sampled data revealed little or no insight.
This can happen in one of two ways.
First, people may be monitoring their usage very carefully, and turn of their lights and fans the instant their usage hits the slab boundary.
Or, more realistically, there’s probably some level of corruption involved, where customers pay a small sum to the meter reading staff to ensure that it stays exactly at the slab boundary, giving them the advantage of a lower price.
PREDICTING MARKS
“ What determines a child’s marks?
Do girls score better than boys?
Does the choice of subject matter?
Does the medium of instruction matter?
Does community or religion matter?
Does their birthday matter?
Does the first letter of their name matter?
EDUCATION
TN CLASS X: ENGLISH
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 990
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
TN CLASS X: SOCIAL SCIENCE
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 990
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
TN CLASS X: MATHEMATICS
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 990
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
Jain
Harini
Shweta
Sneha Pooja
Ashwin
Shah
Deepti
Sanjana
Varshini
Ezhumalai
Venkatesan
Silambarasan
Pandiyan
Kumaresan
Manikandan
Thirupathi
Agarwal
Kumar
Priya
https://gramener.com/names/
Based on the results of the 20 lakh students taking the Class XII exams at Tamil Nadu over the last 3 years, it appears that the month you were born in can make a difference of as much as 120 marks out of 1,200.
June borns score the
lowest
The marks shoot up for Aug borns
… and peaks for Sep-borns
120 marks out of 1200
explainable by month of birth
An identical pattern was observed in 2009 and 2010…
… and across districts, gender, subjects, and class X & XII.
“It’s simply that in Canada the eligibility cut-off for age-class hockey is January 1. A boy who turns ten on January 2, then, could be playing alongside someone who doesn’t turn ten until the end of the year—and at that age, in preadolescence, a twelve-month gap in age represents an enormous difference in physical maturity.”
-- Malcolm Gladwell, Outliers
This is a dataset (1975 – 1990) that has been around for several years, and has been studied extensively. Yet, a visualization can reveal patterns that are neither obvious nor well known.
For example,• Are birthdays uniformly distributed?• Do doctors or parents exercise the C-section option to
move dates?• Is there any day of the month that has unusually high or
low births?• Are there any months with relatively high or low births?
Very high births in September. But this is fairly
well known. Most conceptions happen during
the winter holiday season
Relatively few births during the Christmas and
Thanksgiving holidays, as well as New Year and
Independence Day.
Most people prefer not to have children
on the 13th of any month, given that it’s
an unlucky day
Some special days like April Fool’s day are avoided, but Valentine’s Day is quite popular
More births Fewer births … on average, for each day of the year (from 1975 to 1990)
LET’S LOOK AT 15 YEARS OF US BIRTH DATA
THE PATTERN IN INDIA IS QUITE DIFFERENTThis is a birth date dataset that’s obtained from school admission data for over 10 million children. When we compare this with births in the US, we see none of the same patterns.
For example,• Is there an aversion to the 13th or is there a local cultural
nuance?• Are holidays avoided for births?• Which months have a higher propensity for births, and
why?• Are there any patterns not found in the US data?
Very few children are born in the month of August, and
thereafter. Most births are concentrated in the first half
of the year
We see a large number of children born on the 5th, 10th,
15th, 20th and 25th of each month – that is, round
numbered dates
Such round numbered patterns a typical indication
of fraud. Here, birthdates are brought forward to aid
early school admission
More births Fewer births … on average, for each day of the year (from 2007 to 2013)
THIS ADVERSELY IMPACTS CHILDREN’S MARKSIt’s a well established fact that older children tend to do better at school in most activities. Since many children have had their birth dates brought forward, these younger children suffer.
The average marks of children “born” on the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th etc. of the month tend to score lower marks. • Are holidays avoided for births?• Which months have a higher propensity for births, and
why?• Are there any patterns not found in the US data?
Higher marks Lower marks… on average, for children born on a given day of the year (from 2007 to 2013)
Children “born” on round numbered days score lower marks on average,due to a higher proportion of younger children
SHOWme what is
happening with the data
EXPLAINto me why it’s
happening
Allow me to
EXPLOREand figure it out
Just
EXPOSEthe data to me
… to inform and to highlight
SHOWme what is
happening with the data
EXPLAINto me why it’s
happening
Allow me to
EXPLOREand figure it out
Just
EXPOSEthe data to me
IMPACT OF THE BUDGET ON STOCK PRICES
https://gramener.com/budget/?Year=2010
“Which is the least successful party in Indian elections
history?”
WHICH IS THE LEAST SUCCESSFUL PARTY?
https://gramener.com/election/parliament#story.ddp
SHOWme what is
happening with the data
EXPLAINto me why it’s
happening
Allow me to
EXPLOREand figure it out
Just
EXPOSEthe data to me
… to connect the dots for your readers
SHOWme what is
happening with the data
EXPLAINto me why it’s
happening
Allow me to
EXPLOREand figure it out
Just
EXPOSEthe data to me
Recruiting top quality developers is always a problem. We decided to use an algorithmic approach and pulled out the social network of developers on Github (a social network for open source code).
In this visualisation, each circle is a person. The size of the circle represents the number of followers. Larger circles have more followers (but not in proportion – it’s a log scale.)
The circle’s colour represents the city the programmer’s live in. This visual is a slice showing the tale of two cities: Bangalore and Singapore
Two people are connected if one follows the other. This leads to a clustering of people in the form of a network.
Here, you can see that Bangalore and Singapore are reasonably well connected cities. Bangalore has more developers, but Singapore has more popular ones (larger circles).
However, the interaction between Bangalore and Singapore are few and far between. But for a few people across both cities, like:
… etc.
Sudar, Yahoo!Anand C, ConsultantKiran, HasgeekAnand S, Gramener
Mugunth, Steinlogic Honcheng, buUukSau Sheong, HP LabsLim Chee Aung
Bangalore
Singapore
1 follower
100 followers
A follows B (or)
B follows A
Most followed in Bangalore
Most followed in Singapore
Ciju CherianLin JunjieAmudhi Sebastian
There are, of course, a number of smaller independent circles – people who are not connected to others in the same city. (They may be connected to people in other cities.)
Apart from this, there are a few small networks of connected people – often people within the same company or start-up – who form a community of their own.
THE SOCIAL TALE OF TWO CITIES: BANGALORE & SINGAPORE
https://gramener.com/codersearch/
“Exploring politics as Data stories..”
Has there ever been an all-woman election?
Who’s the oldest candidate ever?
Who won by the lowest margins ever in history?
Was there ever an uncontested win?
Som Marandi (BJP) and Konathala Ramakrishna (INC) won by just 9 votes in Bihar, 1998 and AP, 1989 respectively.
Since 1989, no election was won uncontested. Srinagar, J&K was the last, where Mohammad Shafi Bhat of JKN won without competition.
Only two elections had women candidates exclusively: Karur, TN (1967) and Panskura, WB (1977). Only 8 had a woman majority ever.
Arif Ahmed Shaikh Jafhar (NBNP) contested the 2009 elections from Dhhule, MH at age 99, making him the oldest candidate ever in India.
https://gramener.com/election/cartogram?ST_NAME=Tamil%20Nadu
SOMETIMES, STATISTICS CAN BE
EVEN MORE FUN THAN POLITICS
THERE ARE MANY WAYS TO AID DATA CONSUMPTION
SHOWme what is
happening with the data
EXPLAINto me why it’s
happening
Allow me to
EXPLOREand figure it out
Just
EXPOSEthe data to me
Low effort High effort
High effort
Low effort
Creator
Consumer
More examples at gramener.com blog.gramener.com
A data analytics and visualisation company
We handle terabyte-size data
via non-traditional analytics
and visualise in real-time.
Reach me at [email protected] @kesaritweets