vntélécom'09 characterization of the diffusion of electromagnetic waves by an urban...
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VNTélécom'09
Characterization of the diffusion of Characterization of the diffusion of electromagnetic waves by an urban electromagnetic waves by an urban
environment in X-bandenvironment in X-band
Presentator: Ngoc Truong Minh NGUYENNgoc Truong Minh NGUYEN
DRE/L2S (Supélec) - 3 rue Joliot Curie, 91192 Gif-sur-DRE/L2S (Supélec) - 3 rue Joliot Curie, 91192 Gif-sur-YvetteYvette
L2E (UPMC) - 4 place Jussieu, 75006 ParisL2E (UPMC) - 4 place Jussieu, 75006 Paris
mail:mail: [email protected] -- tel:tel: 01.69.85.15.7101.69.85.15.71
VNTélécom'09
Context and Context and objectivesobjectives
zz TransmiTransmittertter
ReceiverReceiver
xx
yy
φφφφ’’
θθ’’
θθ
R’R’RR
OO
ContextContext- Remote sensing:Remote sensing: is the measurement/acquisition of the information about an object or a is the measurement/acquisition of the information about an object or a
phenomenon by the no contact measuring between an instrument (usually a RADAR) and the phenomenon by the no contact measuring between an instrument (usually a RADAR) and the
object.object.
Instrument de mesureInstrument de mesure- SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar):SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar): bistatic (transmitter and receiver are different) can bistatic (transmitter and receiver are different) can
overcome the limitations of conventional monostatic radar (non-discrete, easily confused ...) overcome the limitations of conventional monostatic radar (non-discrete, easily confused ...)
for the natural scene imageries or targets detection.for the natural scene imageries or targets detection.
- This justifies our study of the diffusion bistatic by an urban area.- This justifies our study of the diffusion bistatic by an urban area.
ObjectivesObjectives- The aim of the The aim of the
thesis is to thesis is to develop develop
3D models of cities3D models of cities to to
study the diffusion in study the diffusion in
X-band (8 - 12 GHz).X-band (8 - 12 GHz).
- It takes into account - It takes into account
the multiple the multiple
reflections caused by reflections caused by
the soil and buildings the soil and buildings
and diffractions by and diffractions by
the edges of the edges of
buildings.buildings.
VNTélécom'09
• Representation of urban areasRepresentation of urban areas• Rays-tracing and UTDRays-tracing and UTD• ResultsResults• PerspectivesPerspectives
ContentContentss
VNTélécom'09
• Representation of urban Representation of urban areasareas
• Rays-tracing and UTDRays-tracing and UTD• ResultsResults• PerspectivesPerspectives
How to define an urban How to define an urban area ?area ?
VNTélécom'09
Representation of urban Representation of urban areasareas
An urban area sizes LAn urban area sizes Lx x x x LLyy
• buildings: a set of randomly distributed rectangular parallelepipeds in this buildings: a set of randomly distributed rectangular parallelepipeds in this
zonezone
• ground: a smooth dielectric surface ground: a smooth dielectric surface (weak roughness compared to the used (weak roughness compared to the used
wavelength)wavelength)
• streets: distances between the buildingsstreets: distances between the buildings
Electromagnetic characteristicsElectromagnetic characteristics
• street (index r): street (index r): εεrr, , μμrr = = μμoo = 4π.10 = 4π.10-7-7 H / m H / m
• buildings (index b): buildings (index b): εεbb, , μμbb = = μμoo = 4π.10 = 4π.10-7-7 H H
/ m/ mLxLx
LyLy
εεrr
μμrr
εεbb
μμbb
xx
zz
OO
yy
VNTélécom'09
• Representation of urban Representation of urban areasareas
• Rays-tracing and UTDRays-tracing and UTD• ResultsResults• PerspectivesPerspectives
Find methods to Find methods to use ?use ?
VNTélécom'09
Rays-tracing and Rays-tracing and UTDUTD
kk
ii
LOILOI
DihedrDihedralal
''Zone Zone 33
Zone Zone 22
Zone Zone 11
LORLOR
incident incident fieldfield++diffracted diffracted fieldfield
diffracted diffracted fieldfield
incident incident fieldfield
++reflected reflected
fieldfield++
diffracted diffracted fieldfield
LOR (Limit Of LOR (Limit Of Reflection Reflection field)field)
LOI (Limit Of LOI (Limit Of Incident field)Incident field)
Face
Face
OO
Face
Face
nn
OO
xx
yy
zz
LLxx
LLyy
Geometrical Geometrical Optic Optic
Geometrical Theory of the Geometrical Theory of the DiffractionDiffraction
mathematical mathematical discontinuitiesdiscontinuities
Uniform Theory of the Uniform Theory of the DiffractionDiffraction
VNTélécom'09
• Representation of urban Representation of urban areasareas
• Rays-tracing and UTDRays-tracing and UTD• ResultsResults• PerspectivesPerspectives
Hmm… How about the Hmm… How about the results ?results ?
VNTélécom'09
ResultResultss
• Problem:Problem: Calculate the Calculate the diffracted field by the diffracted field by the reflection (one or multiple) reflection (one or multiple) on the soil or the buildings on the soil or the buildings and/or the diffraction on the and/or the diffraction on the edges of the buildings.edges of the buildings.
Four buildingsFour buildings• heights H = [8 14 10 12] heights H = [8 14 10 12] mm• length L = [5 6 5 6] mlength L = [5 6 5 6] m• width W = [4 5 7 8] mwidth W = [4 5 7 8] m• εεbétonbéton = 7.31-j*0.36 = 7.31-j*0.36
• εεsolsol = 28.51-j*12.84 = 28.51-j*12.84
• Transmitter:Transmitter: ii = 28°, = 28°, φφii = =
70°, sizes x = 20m, y = 20m70°, sizes x = 20m, y = 20m
• Receiver:Receiver: rr = 30°, = 30°, φφrr = =
270°, sizes x270°, sizes xrr = 100m, y = 100m, yrr = =
100m100m
• Two radars placed at the Two radars placed at the
same height (100m)same height (100m)
xx
xx
yy
zz
OO
LLxx
LLyy
Transmitt
Transmitt
erer
Receiver
Receiverrr
φφrr
ii
φφii
yy
xxrr
yyrr
εεbétonbéton
μμoo
εεsolsol
μμoo
VNTélécom'09
The rays influenced The rays influenced
by one diffraction by one diffraction
then a reflection on then a reflection on
the soilthe soil
The rays influenced by The rays influenced by
one diffraction and two one diffraction and two
reflections reflections
The direct diffraction The direct diffraction
raysrays
ResultResultss
Rayo
n
Rayo
n
inci
dent
inci
dent
VNTélécom'09
ResultResultss
Polarisation Polarisation VVVV
Polarisation Polarisation HVHV
•The incident electromagnetic waveplane at frequency 10 GHz and | EThe incident electromagnetic waveplane at frequency 10 GHz and | Eincinc | = | = 1 V / m1 V / m
Max |EMax |EVvVv|² = 13.69 |² = 13.69 dBmdBm
Min |EMin |EVvVv|² = -106.31 |² = -106.31 dBmdBm
Max |EMax |EHvHv|² = 3.70 dBm|² = 3.70 dBm
Min |EMin |EHvHv|² = -116.30 |² = -116.30 dBmdBm
VNTélécom'09
ResultResultss
Polarisation Polarisation HHHH
Polarisation Polarisation VHVH
• The contribution comes mainly from the field due to The contribution comes mainly from the field due to multiple reflectionsmultiple reflections, the contribution , the contribution
of diffracted rays is lower.of diffracted rays is lower.
Max |EMax |EHhHh|² =|² = 14.32 14.32 dBmdBm
Min |EMin |EHhHh|² = -105.68 |² = -105.68 dBmdBm
Max |EMax |EVhVh|² = 4.29 dBm|² = 4.29 dBm
Min |EMin |EVhVh|² = -118.60 |² = -118.60 dBmdBm
VNTélécom'09
• Representation of urban Representation of urban areasareas
• Rays-tracing and UTDRays-tracing and UTD• ResultsResults• PerspectivesPerspectives
PPerspectiverspectiveses
VNTélécom'09
PerspectivPerspectiveses
• To obtain an average value of the diffused field in a given direction, it should be calculated To obtain an average value of the diffused field in a given direction, it should be calculated
several possible configurations for the broadcast and then generate the average field.several possible configurations for the broadcast and then generate the average field.
• The applications are:The applications are:
- Characterization of the diffracted field by arbitrary urban zones. Characterization of the diffracted field by arbitrary urban zones.
- SAR imageries or targets detection in this environment.SAR imageries or targets detection in this environment.
VNTélécom'09
BibliographiesBibliographies
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imaging Urban area’’, Electronics Letters, 34(11): 1147-1149, mai 1998imaging Urban area’’, Electronics Letters, 34(11): 1147-1149, mai 1998
2- J.M. Berenyi Tajbakhsh, M.J. Kim and R.E. Burge,’’Images of urban areas by a synthetic aperture 2- J.M. Berenyi Tajbakhsh, M.J. Kim and R.E. Burge,’’Images of urban areas by a synthetic aperture
radar simulator’’, Conf. on SAR data processing for remote sensing, Rome, Italy, p.290-300, radar simulator’’, Conf. on SAR data processing for remote sensing, Rome, Italy, p.290-300,
septembre 1974septembre 1974
3- R .J. Luebbers,’’Finite conductivity uniform GTD versus knife edge diffraction in prediction of 3- R .J. Luebbers,’’Finite conductivity uniform GTD versus knife edge diffraction in prediction of
propagation path loss’’, Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], p.70-propagation path loss’’, Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], p.70-
76, janvier 198476, janvier 1984
4- R.G. Kouyoumjian,’’A uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for an edge in a perfectly 4- R.G. Kouyoumjian,’’A uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for an edge in a perfectly
conducting surface’’, Proc. IEEE 62, p.1448-1461, novembre 1974conducting surface’’, Proc. IEEE 62, p.1448-1461, novembre 1974