vocals. vocals theme to better understand and simulate how marine boundary layer cloud systems...
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VOCALS
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VOCALS VOCALS THEMETHEME
To better understand and simulate how marine boundary layer cloud systems surrounding the Americas interact with the coupled ocean-
atmosphere-land system on diurnal to interannual timescales.
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VOCALS in CLIVAR
• VOCALS is a developing process study within VAMOS, informally led by C. Bretherton.
• WG meetings at VPM3-6.• Active participants:
US (Albrecht, Bretherton, Fairall, Mechoso, Miller, Stevens, Weller) Chile (Garreaud, Ruttland) Uruguay (Terra) Peru (Lagos) Ecuador (Cornejo)
• Science Plan on my web page.
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VOCALSVOCALS Scientific IssuesScientific Issues
• Time and space scales of CTBL-continent interaction.
• Regional S/I feedbacks between Sc clouds, surface winds, upwelling, coastal currents and SST in E Pacific.
• Feedbacks of Eastern Pacific cloud topped boundary layer properties on overall tropical circulation and ENSO.
• Climatic importance of aerosol-cloud interactions.
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VOCALS STRATEGIESVOCALS STRATEGIES
• Global and mesoscale model evaluation and improvement (e.g parameterization development) using multiscale data sets.
• Model sensitivity studies to refine hypotheses and target observations.
• Science by synthesis/use of existing data sets, enhancement through targeted instrument procurement, algorithm evaluation and development, and enhanced observation periods.
• Co-ordination with oceanographic, aerosol, cloud process communities, including CLIVAR CPTs, CLOUDSAT, etc.
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Arica
Lima
San Felix I.
WHOI buoy
Galapagos I.
Scientific Highlights from EPIC & DYCOMS
DYCOMS-II
TAO-EPIC
EPIC2001-Sc
RICO
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TAO-EPIC has gathered a nice multiyear dataset
Yearly Feb-Apr precipin SE Pacific ‘ITCZ’
…and freshening
Cronin
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2.5 years of data from the WHOI stratus buoy (20S 85W)
Weller
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Buoy shows large net heat flux into ocean balancing eddy cooling
Weller
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Ocean altimetry shows energetic eddy field
Weller
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EPIC 2001
Sc cruise
x
GOES-10 Visible Image October 17 1500 UTC
10°S
20°S
90°W 80°W 70°W
Peru
x
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Inhomogeneous clouds6
0 k
m
Lati
tud
e (
ºS)
19
20
21
22
GOES VIS 0545 LTC-band 0200 LT 87 86 85 84 8360 km Longitude
(ºW)1.5
1.0
0.5Heig
ht
(km
)
00
02
04
06October 19 (Local Time)
MMCR
00
06
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[cm s-1] ECMWF VERTICAL VELOCITY
[dBZ]10
-10
0
EPIC2001-Sc
Diurnal Cycle
(20S, 85 W)
Bretherton et al. (2004)
Daytime subsidence max
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AM subsidence max PM subsidence max
Diurnal variation of horizontal surface wind divergence (Quikscat)
Hypothesis: Subsidence wave driven by diurnal heating cycle over Andes reaches buoy at noon.
seabreeze
?
Wood
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18LT06LT
MM5 simulation also shows late afternoon convergence at coast, midnight ascent at buoy!
Garreaud et al. (2004)
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Remotely-sensed cloud microphysics from EPIC2001-Sc
Bretherton et al. (2004)
Significant drizzle in clean periods, but mainly evaporates
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MODIS visible reflectance, 15Z 20 Oct. 2001
POC(patch of cells)
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MODIS effective cloud droplet radius – large (clean) in POC small in coastal pollution
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DYCOMS-II RF02POC – drizzle feedback?
Stevens
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DYCOMS-II Sc entrainment estimates from RF01
Stevens
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Comparison of 6-day mean 20S 85W profiles with models
• All models have adequate Sc, but too shallow a PBL.• CAM2 LWC all in lowest 3 levels (70-630 m).• Observed LWC mainly at 800-1300 m.
(Peter Caldwell, UW)
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U. Chile has installed ceilometer and surface met at San Felix Is.
LCL (surface met)
Cloud base (ceilometer)
Shows daytime rise of LCL, cld. base, with synoptic variations
Well-mixed
Decoupled
Mostly clear
Garreaud
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Other active issues
• Role of Andes and Amazonia (flow blocking, deep convection) in influencing Sc.
• Comparison of WHOI buoy and TAO-EPIC ocean energy budgets with GCMs.
• Interest in coastal oceanography of region, including O-A interactions thru trapped coastal (e.g. Kelvin) waves.
• ENSO feedbacks with SE and NE Pacific clouds
• Shallow cumulus dynamics/microphysics – Sc to Cu transition (McCaa and Bretherton 2004; Wang et al. 2004)
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VOCALS ThrustsVOCALS Thrusts• Continuing diagnostic, model sensitivity,
parameterization studies of SE/NE Pac stratocumulus and variability based on past field studies, satellite/model products, and in-situ observational enhancements.
• Contribution to RICO (Jan 2005, shallow Cu)
• Add ocean diagnostic study component based on ARGO/ODA, cruises, WHOI buoy aimed at better understanding of ocean upwelling/lateral heat transport processes and their reln. to atmospheric variability.
• Global atm./coupled, mesoscale atm., and regional ocean modeling.
• ‘Radiator fin’ coupled O-A-L expt. (Oct 2006)
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• Augment San Felix Island instrumentation with wind profiler, radiation, microwave LWP, and aerosol sampler.
• NOAA/ETL sfc/remote sensing instrumentation on Pacific and Atlantic buoy maintenance cruises, and at RICO (funded).
• Develop VOCALS data set through distributed satellite/model/in situ data archive at JOSS. Archive ECMWF and NCEP hi-res column data at WHOI buoy, SFI in co-ordination with CEOP (some funding).
• Work with cloud-climate sensitivity CPT to feed into coupled model development.
VOCALS short-term implementation
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VEPIC TimelineVEPIC Timeline
Modeling, Modeling, empirical, empirical,
and and satellite satellite studiesstudies
2003-2010 diagnostic/modeling work 2003 ETL-enhanced cruises SFI profiler VEPIC data archive2004/11 Cloudsat2005/01 RICO2006/10 Radiator expt.
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RICO (Rain In Cumulus over the Oceans)
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Requested (Fairall)Pan Am Panel Endorsement?
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Diurnal subsidence wave
Cld microphys. gradient
Ocn heat transport
Coastal jet
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What VOCALS would like from you
• A letter from the panel to Mike Patterson endorsing the use of the Ron Brown in RICO to provide critical time-continuous open-ocean radar, radiometric, turbulence, and other in-situ measurements that will greatly enhance RICO’s potential to contribute to shallow cumulus and cloud microphysical parameterizations in climate models.
• Panel approval of VOCALS as a US CLIVAR sanctioned activity as part of PACS funding AOs.
• Also, panel must consider equatorial EPIC’s heritage.