vtu ques t ion b an k unit – 1 in t roduc t ion to www ... · the form at of a he ader field is...

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b e W e h t g n i m m a r g o r P 3 7 S C 0 1 T I B J S , E S I f o , t p e D e g a P 1 k n a B n o i t s e u Q U T V T I N U – 1 L M T H X , W W W o t n o i t c u d o r t n I . P T T H n i a l p x E . 1 ( ) s k r a M 5 0 ( e n u J - , 6 1 0 2 n a J - 5 1 0 2 , n a J - 4 1 0 2 ) : n o i t u l o S l o c o t o r P r e f s n a r T t x e t r e p y H e h t : l o c o t o r p e m a s e h t e s u s n o i t c a s n a r t s n o i t a c i n u m m o c b e W l l A t n e r r u c e h T . ) P T T H ( s a w h c i h w , 6 1 6 2 C F R s a d e n i f e d y l l a m r o f , 1 . 1 s i P T T H f o n o i s r e v b e W e d i W d l r o W e h t r o f e t i s b e W e h t t a e l b a l i a v a s i 6 1 6 2 C F R . 9 9 9 1 e n u J n i d e v o r p p a . P T T H o t n o i t c u d o r t n i f e i r b a s e d i v o r p n o i t c e s s i h T . g r o . 3 w . w w w / / : p t t h , ) C 3 W ( m u i t r o s n o C w t f o s t s i s n o c P T T H n o i t a c i n u m m o c P T T H h c a E . e s n o p s e r e h t d n a t s e u q e r e h t : s e s a h p o d n a r e d a e h a : s t r a p o w t f o s t s i s n o c r e v r e s b e W a d n a r e s w o r b a n e e w t e b ) e s n o p s e r r o t s e u q e r ( a t a d e h t s n i a t n o c y d o b e h t ; n o i t a c i n u m m o c e h t t u o b a n o i t a m r o f n i s n i a t n o c r e d a e h e h T . y d o b a e h t f o . y n a s i e r e h t f i n o i t a c i n u m m o c e s a h P t s e u q e R e h T : s w o l l o f s a s i t s e u q e r P T T H n a f o m r o f l a r e n e g e h T n o i s r e v P T T H L R U e h t f o t r a p n i a m o D d o h t e m P T T H . 1 s d l e i f r e d a e H . 2 e n i l k n a l B . 3 y d o b e g a s s e M . 4 H n a f o e n i l t s r i f e h t f o e l p m a x e n a s i g n i w o l l o f e h T : t s e u q e r P T T 1 . 1 / P T T H l m t h . t n o r f e r o t s / T E G e r a e s e h t f o r e b m u n r e l l a m s a n e v e d n a , P T T H y b d e n i f e d e r a s d o h t e m t s e u q e r w e f a y l n O . s d o h t e m d e s u y l n o m m o c t s o m e h t s t s i l 1 . 1 e l b a T . d e s u y l l a c i p y t s d o h t e m t s e u q e r P T T H 1 . 1 e l b a T

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Page 1: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 1

knaB noitseuQ UTV

TINU – 1

LMTHX ,WWW ot noitcudortnI

.PTTH nialpxE .1 ( )skraM 50( enuJ - ,6102 naJ - 5102 , naJ - 4102 )

:noituloS

locotorP refsnarT txetrepyH eht :locotorp emas eht esu snoitcasnart snoitacinummoc beW llA

tnerruc ehT .)PTTH( saw hcihw ,6162 CFR sa denifed yllamrof ,1.1 si PTTH fo noisrev

beW ediW dlroW eht rof etis beW eht ta elbaliava si 6162 CFR .9991 enuJ ni devorppa

.PTTH ot noitcudortni feirb a sedivorp noitces sihT .gro.3w.www//:ptth ,)C3W( muitrosnoC

wt fo stsisnoc PTTH noitacinummoc PTTH hcaE .esnopser eht dna tseuqer eht :sesahp o

dna redaeh a :strap owt fo stsisnoc revres beW a dna resworb a neewteb )esnopser ro tseuqer(

atad eht sniatnoc ydob eht ;noitacinummoc eht tuoba noitamrofni sniatnoc redaeh ehT .ydob a

eht fo .yna si ereht fi noitacinummoc

esahP tseuqeR ehT

:swollof sa si tseuqer PTTH na fo mrof lareneg ehT

noisrev PTTH LRU eht fo trap niamoD dohtem PTTH .1

sdleif redaeH .2

enil knalB .3

ydob egasseM .4

H na fo enil tsrif eht fo elpmaxe na si gniwollof ehT :tseuqer PTT

1.1/PTTH lmth.tnorferots/ TEG

era eseht fo rebmun rellams a neve dna ,PTTH yb denifed era sdohtem tseuqer wef a ylnO

.sdohtem desu ylnommoc tsom eht stsil 1.1 elbaT .desu yllacipyt

sdohtem tseuqer PTTH 1.1 elbaT

Page 2: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 2

TSOP .desu yltneuqerf tsom eht era TSOP dna TEG ,1.1 elbaT ni nevig sdohtem eht gnomA

tsom stI .puorgswen a ot elcitra swen a gnitsop sa hcus sksat rof dengised yllanigiro saw

qer a htiw gnola ,revres a ot resworb a morf atad mrof dnes ot si won esu nommoc ot tseu

.atad eht ssecorp lliw taht revres eht no margorp a etucexe

fo tsom ,sdleif redaeh fo rebmun yna si noitacinummoc PTTH na fo enil tsrif eht gniwolloF

eht dna noloc a yb dewollof eman dleif eht si dleif redaeh a fo tamrof ehT .lanoitpo era hcihw

:sdleif redaeh fo seirogetac ruof era erehT .dleif eht fo eulav

etad eht sa hcus ,noitamrofni lareneg roF :lareneG .1

sredaeh tseuqer ni dedulcnI :tseuqeR .2

sredaeh esnopser roF :esnopseR .3

sredaeh esnopser dna tseuqer htob ni desU :ytitnE .4

oc enO rof resworb eht fo ecnereferp a seificeps hcihw ,dleif tpeccA eht si dleif tseuqer nomm

eht fi deificeps eb nac dleif tpeccA eno naht eroM .tnemucod detseuqer eht fo epyt EMIM eht

;elpmaxe roF .tamrof eno naht erom ni stnemucod tpecca ot gnilliw si resworb evah thgim ew

:gniwollof eht fo yna

nialp/txet :tpeccA

lmth/txet :tpeccA

fig/egami :tpeccA

eb nac epyt EMIM a fo trap taht yficeps ot desu eb nac ,)*( ksiretsa eht ,retcarahc dracdliw A

peccA eht ,elbatpecca si txet fo dnik yna fi ,elpmaxe roF .gnihtyna :swollof sa eb dluoc dleif t

*/txet :tpeccA

rof deriuqer si dleif tsoH ehT .tsoh eht fo eman eht sevig dleif tseuqer eman tsoh :tsoH ehT

fI ehT .1.1 PTTH - deifidoM - dluohs elif detseuqer eht taht seificeps dleif tseuqer etad :ecniS

b sah ti fi ylno tnes eb .etad nevig eht ecnis deifidom nee

Page 3: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 3

tnetnoC a htiw nevig eb tsum ydob taht fo htgnel eht ,ydob a sah tseuqer eht fI - ,dleif htgnel

dleif siht eriuqer stseuqer dohtem TSOP .setyb ni ydob esnopser eht fo htgnel eht sevig hcihw

res eht ot atad dnes yeht esuaceb .rev

eht etarapes ot desu si hcihw ,enil knalb a yb dewollof eb tsum tseuqer a fo redaeh ehT

ETELED dna ,DAEH ,TEG eht esu taht stseuqeR .tseuqer eht fo ydob eht morf redaeh

eht fo dne eht slangis enil knalb eht ,sesac eseht nI .seidob evah ton od sdohtem .tseuqer

.daetsni desu eb nac tenlet ;revres beW a htiw etacinummoc ot yrassecen ton si resworb A

gnitarepo desu ylediw yna fo enil dnammoc eht ta nevig ,dnammoc gniwollof eht redisnoC

:metsys

ptth ude.sccu.acnalb tenlet >

itcennoc a setaerc dnammoc sihT revres ehT .revres ude.sccu.acnalb eht no trop ptth eht ot no

11:gniwollof eht htiw sdnopser

... 06.261.891.821 gniyrT

acnalb ot detcennoC

.’]^‘ si retcarahc epacsE

gniwollof eht sa hcus sdnammoc PTTH dna ,etelpmoc won si revres eht ot noitcennoc ehT

ac :nevig eb n

1.1/PTTH lmth.dnopser/1resu~/ TEG

ude.sccu.acalb :tsoH

esahP esnopseR ehT

:swollof sa si esnopser PTTH na fo mrof lareneg ehT

enil sutatS .1

sdleif redaeh esnopseR .2

enil knalB .3

ydob esnopseR .4

eerht a ,desu noisrev PTTH eht sedulcni enil sutats ehT - ,esnopser eht rof edoc sutats tigid

eht htiw nigeb sesnopser tsom ,elpmaxe roF .edoc sutats eht fo noitanalpxe lautxet trohs a dna

:gniwollof

KO 002 1.1/PTTH

4 ,3 ,2 ,1 htiw nigeb sedoc sutats ehT seirogetac evif eht fo sgninaem lareneg ehT .5 ro ,

.2.1 elbaT ni nwohs era stigid tsrif eseht yb deificeps

sedoc sutats PTTH fo stigid tsriF 2.1 elbaT

Page 4: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 4

2 scitsiretcarahc revres lareneg dna noitarepo srevres beW nialpxE . .

)skraM 50( ( enuJ - 6102 , naJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

beW dradnats eht esu revres beW a dna tneilc beW a neewteb snoitacinummoc eht llA

7.7.1 noitceS ni dessucsid si hcihw ,)PTTH( locotorP refsnarT txetrepyH ,locotorp

gnitarepo eht smrofni ti ,noitucexe snigeb revres beW a nehW si ti hcihw rednu metsys

trop cificeps a hguorht snoitcennoc krowten gnimocni tpecca ot ydaer won si ti taht gninnur

eht ni ssecorp dnuorgkcab a sa snur revres eht ,etats gninnur siht ni elihW .enihcam eht no

ro ,tneilc beW A .tnemnorivne metsys gnitarepo a ot noitcennoc krowten a snepo ,resworb

noitamrofni seviecer ,revres eht ot atad ylbissop dna stseuqer noitamrofni sdnes ,revres beW

sresworb neewteb tsixe senihcam rehto ,esruoc fO .noitcennoc eht sesolc dna ,revres eht morf

krowten eht no srevres dna — ps niamod dna sretuor krowten ,yllacifice - sihT .srevres eman

.revres eht :noitacinummoc beW fo trap eno tsuj no sesucof ,revewoh ,noitces

tsoh sti no trop snoitacinummoc a rotinom ot si revres beW a fo ksat yramirp eht ,tup ylpmiS

dnammoc PTTH tpecca ,enihcam yb deificeps snoitarepo eht mrofrep dna ,trop taht hguorht s

a fo noitacificeps eht sedulcni hcihw ,LRU a edulcni sdnammoc PTTH llA .sdnammoc eht

ni( eman elif a rehtie otni detalsnart si ti ,deviecer si LRU eht nehW .enihcam revres tsoh

lif eht esac hcihw eht esac hcihw ni( eman margorp a ro )tneilc gnitseuqer eht ot denruter si e

ytterp sdnuos ssecorp sihT .)tneilc gnitseuqer eht ot tnes si tuptuo sti dna nur si margorp

elpmis rehto ynam ni esac eht si sa ,tub ,elpmis - fo rebmun egral a ,sessecorp gnidnuos

.devlovni era sliated gnitacilpmoc

NREC ta depoleved ,srevres owt tsrif eht :yrtsecna nommoc a evah srevres beW tnerruc llA

revres nommoc tsom eht ,yltnerruC .sionillI fo ytisrevinU eht ta ASCN dna eporuE ni

noisrev emos no gninnur ehcapA si noitarugifnoc .XINU fo

Page 5: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 5

scitsiretcarahC revreS lareneG

eht ro nigiro rieht fo sseldrager ,scitsiretcarahc nommoc erahs srevres elbaliava eht fo tsoM

eseht fo emos fo snoitpircsed feirb sedivorp noitces sihT .nur yeht hcihw no mroftalp

.scitsiretcarahc

utcurts elif ehT si eseht fo eno fo toor ehT .seirotcerid etarapes owt sah revres beW a fo er

eht serots toor tnemucod eht morf sworg taht yhcrareih elif ehT .toor tnemucod eht dellac

r ehT .stneilc ot sevres yllamron dna ssecca tcerid sah revres eht hcihw ot stnemucod beW too

tnadnecsed sti htiw gnola ,yrotcerid sihT .toor revres eht dellac si yrotcerid rehto eht fo

.erawtfos troppus sti dna revres eht serots ,seirotcerid

pot hguorht stneilc ot elbaliava esoht era toor tnemucod eht ni yltcerid derots selif ehT - level

T .sLRU revres eht ,rehtar ;sLRU ni yltcerid toor tnemucod eht ssecca ton od stneilc ,yllacipy

roF .stneilc ot nwonk ton si noitacol esohw ,toor tnemucod eht ot sLRU detseuqer spam

etis laer a ton( moc.sainut.www si eman etis eht taht esoppus ,elpmaxe — on ,tsael ta ,)tey t

XINU a eb ot emussa lliw ew hcihw - si toor tnemucod eht taht rehtruf esoppuS .metsys desab

sserdda sti gnikam ,yrotcerid bew/nimda/ eht ni derots si dna scodpot deman

LRU eht htiw tneilc a morf elif a rof tseuqer A .scodpot/bew/nimda/

nut.www//:ptth elif eht htiw elif eht rof hcraes ot revres eht esuac lliw lmth.sainutep/moc.sai

LRU eht ,esiwekiL .lmth.sainutep/scodpot/bew/nimda/ htap

eht htiw elif eht rof hcraes ot revres eht esuac lliw lmth.spilut/sblub/moc.sainut.www//:ptth

odpot/bew/nimda/ sserdda .lmth.spilut/sblub/sc

yrotcerid eht edistuo derots eb ot noitcelloc tnemucod elbavres eht fo trap wolla srevres ynaM

dellac era devres eb nac stnemucod hcihw morf saera yradnoces ehT .toor tnemucod eht ta

c lanigiro eht ,elpmaxe roF .seert tnemucod lautriv eht evah thgim revres a fo noitarugifno

.enihcam revres eht no ksid metsys yramirp eht morf stnemucod elbavres sti lla erots revres

eht fo trap esac hcihw ni ,ksid taht worgtuo thgim stnemucod elbavres fo noitcelloc eht ,retaL

no derots eb dluoc noitcelloc revres eht no ediser thgim ksid yradnoces sihT .ksid yradnoces a

eht ,tnemegnarra siht troppus oT .krowten aera lacol a no enihcam rehto emos no ro enihcam

tcerid ot derugifnoc si revres - aera egarots a ot htap elif ralucitrap a htiw sLRU tseuqer

etarapes tnemucod eht morf - ,tnetnoc fo sepyt tnereffid htiw selif semitemoS .yrotcerid toor

.toor tnemucod eht edistuo derots era ,segami sa hcus

selif detseuqer gninruter fo ssecorp cisab eht naht rehto secivres wef dedivorp srevres ylraE

smargorp fo tuptuo eht ro secivres lanoitidda fo tsil ehT .detseuqer neeb dah noitucexe esohw

taht smetsys xelpmoc dna egral era srevres yraropmetnoC .sraey eht revo ylidaets nworg sah

a no etis eno naht erom troppus nac srevres ynaM .secivres tneilc fo yteirav ediw a edivorp

Page 6: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 6

pmoc erom ecnanetniam rieht gnikam dna etis hcae fo tsoc eht gnicuder yllaitnetop ,retu

.stsoh lautriv dellac era stsoh yradnoces hcuS .tneinevnoc

eht no senihcam rehto fo toor tnemucod eht ni era taht stnemucod evres nac srevres emoS

ra yeht ,esac siht ni ;beW .srevres yxorp dellac e

ynam ,locotorp PTTH eht ylno troppus ot dengised yllanigiro erew srevres beW hguohtlA

tcaretni nac srevres beW lla ylraen ,noitidda nI .otliam dna ,swen ,rehpog ,ptf troppus won

ecafretnI yawetaG nommoC hguorht smetsys esabatad htiw revres dna smargorp )IGC( - edis

.stpircs

3 .gnimmargorp bew ni desu sloot s'remmargorp bew owt yna nialpxE .

)skraM 01( ( enuJ - 4102 )

:noituloS

1 . hsalF

tnempoleved a si hcihw ,tnemnorivne gnirohtua eht :hsalF fo stnenopmoc owt era erehT

citats etaerc ot tnemnorivne gnirohtua eht esu srepoleveD .reyalp eht dna ,krowemarf

dnats fo trap eb ot ytivitcaretni dna ,dnuos ,txet ,scihparg detamina ,scihparg - enola LMTH

beW yb devres era stnemucod esehT .stnemucod LMTHX rehto fo trap eb ot ro stnemucod

gulp reyalp hsalF eht esu hcihw ,sresworb ot srevres - fo hcuM .stnemucod eht yalpsid ot ni

ggard dna ,smeti unem gnisoohc ,snottub gnikcilc yb enod si tnempoleved siht dna gni

.scihparg gnippord

sdeen repoleved eht ,noitamina noitom rof ,elpmaxe roF .ysae yrev noitamina sekam hsalF

detamina eb ot erugif eht fo snoitisop gnidne dna gninnigeb eht ylppus ot ylno — sdliub hsalF

F a fo ytivitcaretni ehT .serugif gninevretni eht htiw detnemelpmi si noitacilppa hsal

.tpircSavaJ fo tcelaid a ,tpircSnoitcA

sah tI .beW eht no noitamina dna scihparg gnireviled rof ygolonhcet gnidael eht won si hsalF

retnI eht ssecca ot desu sretupmoc s’dlrow eht fo tnecrep 99 ylraen taht detamitse neeb ten

gulp a sa dellatsni reyalp hsalF eht fo noisrev a evah - .sresworb rieht ni ni

.2 PHP

revres a si PHP - PHP .snoitacilppa beW rof dengised yllacificeps egaugnal gnitpircs edis

,PHP htiW .tpircSavaJ htiw esac eht si sa ,stnemucod LMTHX ni deddebme si edoc ,revewoh

eht ot dereviled si tnemucod LMTHX eht erofeb revres eht no deterpretni si edoc eht

terpretni ot dessecorperp si edoc PHP sedulcni taht tnemucod detseuqer A .tneilc gnitseuqer

esworb ehT .tnemucod LMTHX eht otni tuptuo sti tresni dna edoc PHP eht eht sees reven r

Page 7: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 7

hcus dedulcni yllanigiro tnemucod detseuqer a taht erawa ton si dna edoc PHP deddebme

.edoc

eht fo smret ni dna ecnaraeppa citcatnys sti fo smret ni htob ,tpircSavaJ ot ralimis si PHP

ircSavaJ htoB .syarra dna sgnirts sti fo erutan cimanyd ,gnipyt atad cimanyd esu PHP dna tp

s’PHP .ti ot tnemngissa tnecer tsom eht yb dellortnoc si elbairav a fo epyt eht taht gninaem

egaugnal ehT .)syarra evitaicossa( sehsah dna syarra cimanyd fo noitanibmoc a era syarra

denifederp fo rebmun egral a sedulcni .syarra gnitalupinam rof snoitcnuf

PHP .PHP htiw ysae si gnissecorp mrof os ,atad mrof LMTHX ot ssecca elpmis swolla PHP

ytilitasrev sihT .smetsys tnemeganam esabatad tnereffid ynam rof troppus sedivorp osla

gorp gnidliub rof egaugnal tnellecxe na ti sekam .sesabatad ot ssecca beW deen taht smar

4 . dna gat tahW etubirtta ti tuoba ssucsiD ?knil a enifed ot desu era .

( )skraM 40( enuJ - 6102 )

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A hype tr ex t l kni i a n XHTML doc tnemu ca st a a s niop te emos ot r re uos r ec .

L skni a eps er c deifi ni a n att etubir fo an anchor tag a< > ihw ch si an ni l eni at g. ehT

anc roh ta si g t eh ruos ce fo a l n i hw kn e er a d eht s oc mu e tn i at eht s rge t o eht f link. L skni

facilita et reade r t o clic l no k i ot skn el a erom nr a tuob p a artic cipotbus ralu ni fo terest a dn

a osl re nrut b ca k ot eht col ati no knil eht fo

If at rge t i ni s t eh emas doc tnemu a ti knil eht s si sp ce deifi ni t eh hre f att ubir te va eul

b p y ecer id ng a htiw di eht p is dnuo gn( .)#

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<a = ferh "C:\ oD c stnemu a dn Sett ni gs\ nimdA i rts a ot r\M y

Doc tnemu s\XH MT pL r rgo ams\1my th. ml">The llih eulb image doc mu e tn

< >a/

5 .LMTH revo LMTHX esu eno dluohs yhw nialpxe ylfeirB . )skraM 50( ( enuJ - 4102 )

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Ca es Se isn t vi ity

In TH ML, tag na sem a er ac es sni e isn t ,evi tub ni XHTM ht L ey‘ er ca es sen is t .evi sA

ni ,hcus TH ML, y uo can write eht am r puk ni wol ercase, mixed ac se, ro ppu erca es

ettel r .s So

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 8

<p> ht is si a par ga raph</ ,>p as si <P> ht i s exa pm le</P ,> a dn even <P> ht is am r puk

eb dluow valid< .>p/ In XHTML, woh eve ,r y uo tsum esu wol e cr a es rof am r uk p:

<p> sihT si v a ali p d a ar gra HX ni hp TML</p>.

pO e gnin a C dn l gniso

Tags

In TH ML, it s‘ ssop i elb ot mo it so em c sol i at gn gs (ch ce k e ca h e mel e s‘tn reference ot se e

hw e reht an TH ML c sol i gn ta si g re riuq ed ,) os ht is si valid am r :puk <p> sihT si m if y r ts

pa ar gra .hp <p> sihT i s my es c p dno a ar graph.<p>A h dn ere eht s‘ la eno ts ..

In XHTML, a ll e mel ents tsum eb c .desol Hence eht pa ar gra hp exa pm le a evob

n dluow ee d ot be changed :ot <p> sihT si my if r ts pa ar gra .hp < p/ ><p> sihT si m y s ce dno

pa ar gra .hp < p/ ><p> dnA here eht s‘ la .eno ts </ >p

sA we ll as ttel ing y uo omit emos c sol i gn tag ,s HTM L all swo y uo ot mo it ats rt tags—

no tub ly no eht th lm , h ae ,d ob dy, a dn obt dy e mel ent .s sihT si ton a rec mo em dn ed

p car t ci e tub , i et s c cinh ally ssop ible.

F ro e pm t y e mel e stn hcus as mi g, XHTML ht( at si ton se devr htiw eht

a lpp i ac ti /no x th m +l xm )l re riuq e s su ot esu eht XM L e pm t y e mel e tn

sy atn x:

e< mel e emantn

att tubir e="att tubir evalue"/>

If se ivr ng eht od c tnemu as a lpp i ac ti /no x th m +l xm ,l it s‘ a osl val di ot c esol e pm t y

e mel e stn gnisu a ts a tr a dn e t dn ag, rof exa pm le eht gmi ele ,tnem as <img <> /i >gm

R ae da ib lity

disnoC erati sno

A br swo er od esn t‘ ca er hw e reht y uo esu a is ng el aps ce ot separa et att bir u ,set net

caps e ro ,s even pmoc le et li en b er a ;sk ti od e t‘ns ettam r, as gnol as emos ps ace si prese .tn

sA ,hcus a ll fo eht exa pm les below a p er erf ce tly ca ce batp le (alt uoh gh eht erom ps a ec s

y uo dulcni e eht , al rger y ruo web page s‘ elif is ze b lliw e— cae h o cc urrence fo psetihw ca e

kat es pu a idd t lanoi by set — eht os if r e ts xa pm le si sti ll tsom eht rp efera elb ):

<img src="/image .jrub/s j "gp al =t "Bur A lA j ra i ,b c toh cino e l

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 9

buD a "i

c ssal ="gal el ry"/>

<im g

rs c="/image .jrub/s jp

"g

alt="Bur lA j Ara ci ,b o toh cin e l i n

buD a "i c ssal ="gallery"

>/

<im crs g ="/image .jrub/s jp "g

alt="Bur lA j Ara ci ,b o toh cin e l i buD n a "i

c ssal ="gallery"/>

In XHTML a ll att etubir va seul tsum eb ,detouq os y ll‘uo n ee d ot write

c ssal ="gallery r " a naht reht c sal s=gallery. I s‘t valid ot mo it eht q setou fr mo y ruo TH ML,

uoht gh ti ma ekam y er a gnid the am rkup erom fid f tluci rof deve epol rs re siv iti dlo gn

am r puk (alt uoh g ht h is reall d y epe sdn no eht deve epol r—it s‘ a jbus ecti ev ht ing .) I s‘t

is mpl y ea reis a wl ays ot a dd ,setouq ra reht naht ot ha ev ot re bmem er ni ihw ch s ec na soir

att etubir va r seul e iuq r TH ni setouq e ML, a eht s f lo l gniwo eip ce fo HTM d L e rtsnom a :set

<a =ferh " th t :p / e/ xa pm le >"gro. n ee eb ot sd ouq ted b ace noc ti esu ta a sni

/

<a ferh = edni x th. m >l ca ce elbatp tuohtiw ni setouq

TH ML

htonA er rea nos wh i y t s‘ a doog aedi always ot etouq y ruo att tubir e ,s even fi y ‘uo re

TH gnisu ML ,10.4 si taht your TH ML e id t ro may eb able ot pr edivo syntax c gnirolo

taht kam e eht s c edo even ae reis ot s ac n orht ug .h Wit tuoh eht ,setouq eht wtfos a er ma y

ton be a elb t itnedi o f t y he fid ference be wt ee n e mel e ,stn att tubir e ,s a dn att etubir va ul e .s

sihT fact i si l sul tra det ni Figure , w hcih swohs a c apmo r si on be wt een detouq a dn

u detouqn synta x c gnirolo ni t eh Mac et x T rotide t ex Mt a .et

6 .snoitacificeps epyt sih nialpxE ?EMIM si tahW . )skraM 40( naJ( - )4102

:noituloS

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 01

beW a morf seviecer ti tnemucod a fo tamrof eht gninimreted fo yaw emos sdeen resworb A

.revres ,ti redner ot elbanu eb dluow resworb eht ,tnemucod eht fo mrof eht gniwonk tuohtiW

eseht fo smrof ehT .sloot gniredner tnereffid eriuqer stamrof tnemucod tnereffid esuaceb

.)EMIM( snoisnetxE liaM tenretnI esoprupitluM htiw deificeps era stnemucod

S epyT snoitacificep

aiv tnes eb ot stnemucod fo sdnik tnereffid fo tamrof eht yficeps ot depoleved saw EMIM

.atad dnuos ro ,atad oediv ,txet fo sdnik suoirav niatnoc dluoc stnemucod esehT .liam tenretnI

iam tenretnI fo esoht ot ralimis sdeen sah beW eht esuaceB yaw eht sa detpoda saw EMIM ,l

tamrof EMIM a sehcatta revres beW A .beW eht revo dettimsnart sepyt tnemucod yficeps ot

nehW .resworb a ot edivorp ot tuoba si ti taht tnemucod eht fo gninnigeb eht ot noitacificeps

eW a morf tnemucod eht seviecer resworb eht tamrof EMIM dedulcni eht sesu ti ,revres b

,elpmaxe rof ,txet si tnetnoc eht fI .tnemucod eht htiw od ot tahw enimreted ot noitacificeps

ti txet fo dnik ralucitrap eht setacidni osla dna txet si ti taht resworb eht sllet edoc EMIM eht

si tnetnoc eht fI .si eht sevig neht dna dnuos si ti taht resworb eht sllet edoc EMIM eht ,dnuos

sah ti hcihw ot margorp a esoohc nac resworb eht taht os dnuos fo noitatneserper ralucitrap

.dnuos dettimsnart eht ecudorp ot ssecca

:mrof gniwollof eht evah snoitacificeps EMIM

t epytbus/epy

sepytbus txet nommoc tsom ehT .oediv dna ,egami ,txet era sepyt EMIM nommoc tsom ehT

oediv nommoc emoS .gepj dna fig era sepytbus egami nommoc emoS .lmth dna nialp era

ni derots si snoitacificeps EMIM fo tsil A .emitkciuq dna gepm era sepytbus eht

yas ew nehw ,koob siht fo redniamer eht nI .revres beW yreve fo selif noitarugifnoc

.epytbus sti dna epyt s’tnemucod eht htob naem ew ,epyt tnemucod

a otni yek eht sa noisnetxe s’emanelif eht gnisu yb tnemucod a fo epyt eht enimreted srevreS

t fo elbat lmth/txet hcatta dluohs ti taht revres eht sllet lmth. noisnetxe eht ,elpmaxe roF .sepy

01.resworb gnitseuqer eht ot ti gnidnes erofeb tnemucod eht ot

elif sti yb tnemucod a fo epyt eht pu gnikool rof elbat noisrevnoc a niatniam osla sresworB

oisnetxe eman EMIM a yficeps ton seod revres eht nehw ylno desu si elbat siht ,revewoH .n

eht steg resworb eht ,sesac rehto lla nI .srevres redlo emos htiw esac eht eb yam hcihw ,epyt

.revres eht yb dedivorp redaeh EMIM eht morf epyt tnemucod

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 11

7 X dradnats eht nialpxE . .erutcurts tnemucod LMTH ( )skraM 80( enuJ - 4102 , naJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

nA X TH ML od c tnemu c stsisno ht fo er e p niam art :s

DO EPYTC

H ae d

Body

ehT ba od cis cume s tn t ur c erut :si

<!D >... EPYTCO

< th m > ... l

<h ae d> ... < h/ ea >d

< ob dy> ... < ob/ dy>

< h/ tml>

ehT <h ae d> area c iatno ns ofni r noitam a tuob eht doc ,tnemu hcus as o nw ers ,pih

copyrig ,th a k dn ey ow r t dna ;sd he < ob dy> a aer c eht sniatno c fo tnetno od eht c tnemu t o

eb psid al ye .d

L si t gni hs 1 o sw y h uo ow ht i s s t ur c erut mig eb th use rp ni d ca t ci e:

itsiL n .1 g HX nA TML examp el

.1 <?xm ev l r =nois " .1 0"?>

.2 <!D lmth EPYTCO P LBU IC "- // W C3 / DTD/ XHTML 0.1

T ar isn t /lanoi / "NE "D /DT x th ml1- rt a isn t dtd.lanoi ">

.3 < th m l xm =snl " th t :p //ww .w w o.3 rg 9991/ /x th ml"

xml:lang="en gnal " = e" n">

.4 <h ae d>

<titl >e My X TH ML aS pm le Page</tit >el

< eh/ a >d

.5 < ob dy bgc rolo =" ihw te >"

ec< tn er><h1>We ocl me HX ot TML <! h/ 1 <> /ce etn r>

< ob/ dy>

.6 < h/ tml>

iL ne :1 S ecni XHTML si TH ML exp er dess ni an XML od c ,tnemu ti m tsu edulcni

ni eht itia X l ML d ce larati no <?xm ev l r =nois " .1 0"?> a t t eh eht fo pot od c nemu t.

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 21

iL ne :2 XHTML od cuments tsum eb ifitnedi ed by eno fo rht ee dnats a dr se st fo

lur e hT .s e es lur es are rots ed ni a separa et doc tnemu ac lled a oD c tnemu Type

D ce larati no (D DT ), a dn a er tu il zi ed ot valida et eht cca urac y of eht XHTML od c tnemu urts c rut e.

Th prup e o es fo a DTD si ot descr ,ebi ni pr ce esi term ,s eht nal guage a dn syntax

all wo ed X ni HTML.

iL ne :3 ehT sec dno tag ni an XHTM d L oc emu nt tsum edulcni eht po eni gn < th m >l ta g

htiw eht XM L na em sp ca e ifitnedi ed by the xml sn =ht pt ://ww .w w ro.3 g 9991/ /x th ml

att tubir e . ehT XM n L a psem ca e tnedi i if e s eht rang e fo tag s desu b y eht XHTM L

od c .tnemu It si desu ot e erusn taht na sem desu b eno y DTD od n't c fno l tci htiw esu r-

de nif e t d ag t ro s ag s de if ne o ni d the r D .sDT

iL n :4 e XHTML od cu stnem tsum a edulcni f llu h ae der area. sihT area c sniatno eht

po e gnin <h ae >d tag a dn eht titl at e gs (<titl <>e /tit el > ,) a dn si neht c mo p tel ed htiw eht

c sol i gn < h/ ea >d tag.

iL ne :5 XHTM d L ocu stnem tsum edulcni po e gnin a dn c sol i gn < ob dy <> ob/ dy> tag .s

Wit nih eseht at gs y uo can alp ce your rt a id t noi al TH M L c gnido tag .s To eb XHTM L

c ofno r eht ,tnam c gnido o ht f e es tag um s s eb t ew ll- of r .dem

iL ne :6 F lani ly eht , XH MT L od cume tn i telpmoc s e htiw d t eh c sol i gn < h/ tml>

at g.

.elpmaxe elbatius a dna erugif htiw ,noisrevnoc eman niamod fo tpecnoc eht nialpxE .8

( )skraM 50( enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

eht no senihcam ,srebmun gnirebmemer dna htiw gnilaed ytluciffid evah elpoep esuaceB

,enihcam tsoh eht fo eman eht htiw nigeb seman esehT .seman lautxet evah osla tenretnI

.sniamod dellac ,senihcam fo snoitcelloc gnisolcne regral ylevissergorp yb dewollof erehT

sraeppa hcihw ,eman niamod tsrif ehT .seman niamod erom ro ,eerht ,owt eb yam

ehT .trap a si tsoh eht hcihw fo niamod eht si ,eman tsoh eht fo thgir eht ot yletaidemmi

tsal ehT .trap a si niamod tsrif eht hcihw fo niamod eht sevig eman niamod dnoces niamod

niamod tsegral eht si hcihw ,sediser tsoh eht hcihw ni noitazinagro fo epyt eht seifitnedi eman

lanoitacude rof noisnetxe eht si ude ,setatS detinU eht ni snoitazinagro roF .eman s’etis eht ni

t rof desu si vog ,ynapmoc a seificeps moc ,snoitutitsni desu si gro dna ,tnemnrevog .S.U eh

na netfo si niamod tsegral eht ,seirtnuoc rehto nI .snoitazinagro fo sdnik rehto ynam rof

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TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 31

yrtnuoc eht rof noitaiverbba — rof desu si zk dna ,nedewS rof desu si es ,elpmaxe rof

.natshkazaK

:sserdda elpmas siht redisnoC

moc.sorbxram.ydemoc.seivom

fo trap a si hcihw ,niamod lacol s’seivom si ydemoc dna emantsoh eht si seivom ,ereH

niamod eht fo lla dna emantsoh ehT .niamod moc eht fo trap a si hcihw ,niamod s’sorbxram

n niamod deifilauq ylluf a dellac rehtegot era seman .ema

deifilauq ylluf eht ,tenretnI eht yb yllanretni desu sesserdda eht era sesserdda PI esuaceB

tsum ,resu resworb a yb nevig si tahw si hcihw ,egassem a rof noitanitsed eht fo eman niamod

ettimsnart eb nac egassem eht erofeb sserdda PI na ot detrevnoc eb eht ot tenretnI eht revo d

hcihw ,srevres eman dellac smetsys erawtfos yb enod era snoisrevnoc esehT .noitanitsed

no senihcam fo noitcelloc a evres srevres emaN .)SND( metsyS emaN niamoD eht tnemelpmi

era taht snoitazinagro yb detarepo era dna tenretnI eht tenretnI eht fo trap eht rof elbisnopser

ot detuor era sresworb morf stseuqer tnemucod llA .detcennoc era senihcam esoht hcihw ot

na ot eman niamod deifilauq ylluf eht trevnoc nac revres eman eht fI .revres eman tseraen eht

c ti fI .os seod ti ,sserdda PI ot eman niamod deifilauq ylluf eht sdnes revres eman eht ,tonna

eb tsum seman niamod deifilauq ylluf ,sesserdda PI ekiL .noisrevnoc rof revres eman rehtona

era resworb a yb detseuqer seman niamod deifilauq ylluf woh swohs 1.1 erugiF .euqinu

otni detalsnart .revres beW etairporppa eht ot detuor era yeht erofeb sPI

noisrevnoc eman niamoD 1.1 erugiF

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 31

yrtnuoc eht rof noitaiverbba — rof desu si zk dna ,nedewS rof desu si es ,elpmaxe rof

.natshkazaK

:sserdda elpmas siht redisnoC

moc.sorbxram.ydemoc.seivom

fo trap a si hcihw ,niamod lacol s’seivom si ydemoc dna emantsoh eht si seivom ,ereH

niamod eht fo lla dna emantsoh ehT .niamod moc eht fo trap a si hcihw ,niamod s’sorbxram

n niamod deifilauq ylluf a dellac rehtegot era seman .ema

deifilauq ylluf eht ,tenretnI eht yb yllanretni desu sesserdda eht era sesserdda PI esuaceB

tsum ,resu resworb a yb nevig si tahw si hcihw ,egassem a rof noitanitsed eht fo eman niamod

ettimsnart eb nac egassem eht erofeb sserdda PI na ot detrevnoc eb eht ot tenretnI eht revo d

hcihw ,srevres eman dellac smetsys erawtfos yb enod era snoisrevnoc esehT .noitanitsed

no senihcam fo noitcelloc a evres srevres emaN .)SND( metsyS emaN niamoD eht tnemelpmi

era taht snoitazinagro yb detarepo era dna tenretnI eht tenretnI eht fo trap eht rof elbisnopser

ot detuor era sresworb morf stseuqer tnemucod llA .detcennoc era senihcam esoht hcihw ot

na ot eman niamod deifilauq ylluf eht trevnoc nac revres eman eht fI .revres eman tseraen eht

c ti fI .os seod ti ,sserdda PI ot eman niamod deifilauq ylluf eht sdnes revres eman eht ,tonna

eb tsum seman niamod deifilauq ylluf ,sesserdda PI ekiL .noisrevnoc rof revres eman rehtona

era resworb a yb detseuqer seman niamod deifilauq ylluf woh swohs 1.1 erugiF .euqinu

otni detalsnart .revres beW etairporppa eht ot detuor era yeht erofeb sPI

noisrevnoc eman niamoD 1.1 erugiF

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 31

yrtnuoc eht rof noitaiverbba — rof desu si zk dna ,nedewS rof desu si es ,elpmaxe rof

.natshkazaK

:sserdda elpmas siht redisnoC

moc.sorbxram.ydemoc.seivom

fo trap a si hcihw ,niamod lacol s’seivom si ydemoc dna emantsoh eht si seivom ,ereH

niamod eht fo lla dna emantsoh ehT .niamod moc eht fo trap a si hcihw ,niamod s’sorbxram

n niamod deifilauq ylluf a dellac rehtegot era seman .ema

deifilauq ylluf eht ,tenretnI eht yb yllanretni desu sesserdda eht era sesserdda PI esuaceB

tsum ,resu resworb a yb nevig si tahw si hcihw ,egassem a rof noitanitsed eht fo eman niamod

ettimsnart eb nac egassem eht erofeb sserdda PI na ot detrevnoc eb eht ot tenretnI eht revo d

hcihw ,srevres eman dellac smetsys erawtfos yb enod era snoisrevnoc esehT .noitanitsed

no senihcam fo noitcelloc a evres srevres emaN .)SND( metsyS emaN niamoD eht tnemelpmi

era taht snoitazinagro yb detarepo era dna tenretnI eht tenretnI eht fo trap eht rof elbisnopser

ot detuor era sresworb morf stseuqer tnemucod llA .detcennoc era senihcam esoht hcihw ot

na ot eman niamod deifilauq ylluf eht trevnoc nac revres eman eht fI .revres eman tseraen eht

c ti fI .os seod ti ,sserdda PI ot eman niamod deifilauq ylluf eht sdnes revres eman eht ,tonna

eb tsum seman niamod deifilauq ylluf ,sesserdda PI ekiL .noisrevnoc rof revres eman rehtona

era resworb a yb detseuqer seman niamod deifilauq ylluf woh swohs 1.1 erugiF .euqinu

otni detalsnart .revres beW etairporppa eht ot detuor era yeht erofeb sPI

noisrevnoc eman niamoD 1.1 erugiF

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 41

:hcae rof elpmaxe na dna xatnys htiw sgat gniwollof eht nialpxE .9

>etouqkcolb< )v >bus< )vi >pus< )iii >erp< )ii >p< )i ( )skraM 01( enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

>p< )i

elpitluM .>p/< htiw sdne dna >p< htiw snigeb tI .gat >p< esu ew shpargarap dda oT

.tnemucod elgnis a ni raeppa yam shpargarap

>p< >p/< 1 hpargaraP >p< >ydob< >daeh/< >eltit/< hpargaraP >eltit< >daeh< >lmth<

>p< >p/< 2 hpargaraP >lmth/< >ydob/< >p/< 3 hpargaraP

>erp< )ii

txet ni ecaps etihw eht evreserp ot elbarised si ti semitemoS — resworb eht tneverp ot ,si taht

deificeps eb nac sihT .skaerb enil deddebme gnirongi dna secaps elpitlum gnitanimile morf

eht htiw >erp< .gat

>lmth< >p< >ydob< >daeh/< >eltit/< gaT erP >eltit< >daeh<

si emaN yM >erp< XXX

tnemtrapeD ESI morf ma I TIBJS ,

erolagnaB

>lmth/< >ydob/< >p/<>erp/<

>bus< & >pus< )iii

tpircsrepus dna tpircsbuS ,sgat >pus< dna >bus< eht yb deificeps eb nac sretcarahc

tnetnoc ton era esehT .ylevitcepser - ,elpmaxe roF .sgat desab

>pus/<2>pus<>bus/<1>bus<y + >pus/<3>pus<>bus/<2>bus<X

>etouqkcolb< )v

eht morf ffo tes eb ot txet fo kcolb a tnaw ew semitemoS .tnemucod a ni txet fo wolf lamron

siht rof dengised si gat >etouqkcolb< ehT .noitatouq gnol a si kcolb a hcus ,sesac ynam nI

kool ot edam eb nac >etouqkcolb< fo tnetnoc eht woh enimreted srengised resworB .noitautis

nI .txet gnidnuorrus eht morf tnereffid eht no rehtie ,detnedni si txet fo kcolb eht ,sesac ynam

eht redisnoC .scilati ni tes si kcolb eht taht si ytilibissop rehtonA .htob ro edis thgir ro tfel

:tnemucod elpmaxe gniwollof

Page 15: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

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:woleb nwohs sa deyalpsid eb lliw tuptuO ehT

tseuqer eht nialpxE .01 .)ptth( locotorp refsnart txetrepyh fo esahp

naJ( )skraM 40( - naJ ,4102 - )6102

.noituloS

sa denifed yllamrof ,1.1 si PTTH fo noisrev tnerruc ehT .)PTTH( locotorP refsnarT txetrepyH

elbaliava si 6162 CFR .9991 enuJ ni devorppa saw hcihw ,6162 CFR eht rof etis beW eht ta

feirb a sedivorp noitces sihT .gro.3w.www//:ptth ,)C3W( muitrosnoC beW ediW dlroW

.PTTH ot noitcudortni

noitacinummoc PTTH hcaE .esnopser eht dna tseuqer eht :sesahp owt fo stsisnoc PTTH

a dna resworb a neewteb )esnopser ro tseuqer( dna redaeh a :strap owt fo stsisnoc revres beW

atad eht sniatnoc ydob eht ;noitacinummoc eht tuoba noitamrofni sniatnoc redaeh ehT .ydob a

.yna si ereht fi noitacinummoc eht fo

esahP tseuqeR ehT

:swollof sa si tseuqer PTTH na fo mrof lareneg ehT

.1 noisrev PTTH LRU eht fo trap niamoD dohtem PTTH

sdleif redaeH .2

enil knalB .3

ydob egasseM .4

Page 16: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 61

TINU – 2

SSC ,LMTHX .1 tta dna gat tahW r .ti tuoba ssucsiD ?knil a enifed ot desu era etubi

( )skraM 40( enuJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

A hype tr ex t l kni i a n XHTML doc tnemu ca st a a s niop te emos ot r re uos r ec .

L skni a eps er c deifi ni a n att etubir fo an anchor tag a< > ihw ch si an ni l eni at g. ehT

anc roh ta si g t eh ruos ce fo a l n i hw kn e er a d eht s oc mu e tn i at eht s rge t o eht f link. L skni

facilita et reade r t o clic l no k i skn ot el a erom nr a tuob p a artic cipotbus ralu ni fo terest a dn

a osl re nrut b ca k ot eht col ati no knil eht fo

If at rge t i ni s t eh emas doc tnemu a ti knil eht s si sp ce deifi ni t eh hre f att ubir te va eul

b p y ecer id ng a htiw di eht p is dnuo gn( .)#

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2 . rof desu era hcihw ,selpmaxe htiw gat >tupni< eht htiw detaerc era taht slortnoc lla nialpxE

.noitcelloc txet ( )skraM 80( naJ - 6102 )

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gnidulcni ,>tupni< gat enilni eht htiw deificeps era slortnoc desu ylnommoc eht fo ynaM

dna ,snottub oidar ,sexobkcehc ,sdrowssap ,txet rof esoht snottub noitca eht teseR , timbuS ,

dna nialp .

xoB txeT

.txet eht sekat hcihw tupni fo epyt a si tI

>tupni< gnisu detaerc eb nac tupni fo epyt ynA

ehT epyt ,xob txet eht rof dedeen si tupni fo epyt tahw setacidni etubirtta eulav eht

.txet sa nevig eb dluohs

gnisu enod si hcihw dedivorp eb ot sah eman a ,tupni fo epyt yna roF eman .etubirtta

gnisu dellortnoc eb nac txet eht fo ezis ehT ezis .etubirtta

tcelloc nac ti sretcarahc fo rebmun eht no timil a sah resworb yrevE si timil siht fI .

,gnippohc siht tneverp oT .ffo deppohc era sretcarahc artxe eht ,dedeecxe htgnelxam

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 71

ynam esoht ylno retne nac sresu ,desu si htgnelxam nehW .desu eb nac etubirtta

.etubirtta eht ot eulav a sa nevig si taht sretcarahc

txet" = epyt tupni< >/ "02" = htgnelxam "02" = ezis "emanym" = eman "

xoB drowssaP

a ,resu eht yb deretne era yeht nehw deyalpsid eb ton dluohs xob txet a fo stnetnoc eht fI �

.desu eb nac lortnoc drowssap

ap eht otni depyt era sretcarahc tahw fo sseldrager ,esac siht nI � stellub ylno ,lortnoc drowss

.resworb eht yb deyalpsid era sksiretsa ro

>/ "02" = htgnelxam "02" = ezis "ssapym" = eman "drowssap" = epyt tupni<

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noitpo laudividni

eht htiw gat tupni eht gnisu detaerc era snottub oidaR epyt eulav eht gnivah etubirtta

.oidar

htiw dedivorp eb tsum seulav ,detaerc era snottub oidar nehW fo pleh eht eulav

.etubirtta

eht esuaceb si sihT .eman emas evah dluow detaerc era hcihw snottub oidar eht llA

.stnemele puorg era snottub oidar

,dedaol si egap bew eht sa noos sa detceles eb ot sah snottub oidar eht fo eno fI

eb dluohs etubirtta dekcehc .dekcehc eb dluow osla eulav ehT .desu

>lebal/<ramukjaR hteenuP>/"eno"=eulav "tca"=eman "oidar"=epyt tupni<>lebal<

xoB kcehC

.detceles eb nac snoitpo elpitlum hcihw gnisu tupni fo epyt a si xob kcehC

gat >tupni< eht gnisu detaerc eb osla nac xob kcehC eht htiw epyt eulav eht gnivah

.”xobkcehc“

eht gnisu dedivorp eb dluohs eulav eht ,xob kcehc fo noitaerc eht gniruD eulav

.etubirtta

era yeht esuaceb eman emas eht evah dluow detaerc era hcihw xobkcehc eht llA

.stnemele puorg

vah xob kcehc eht fo eno fI dekcehc ,dedaol si egap eht sa noos sa detceles eb ot e

.dekcehc eulav eht htiw desu eb dluohs etubirtta

>lebal/<inigaR>/"eno"=eulav "tca"=eman "xobkcehc"=epyt tupni<>lebal<

Page 18: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 81

3 . .stnemucod ni stsil rof desu sgat LMTHX eht nialpxE 80( )skraM ( enuJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

:stsiL deredronU

deificeps si tsil a ni meti hcaE .tsil deredronu na setaerc ,gat kcolb a si hcihw ,gat >lu< ehT

rof mynorca na si il( gat >il< na htiw l tsi i gnidulcni ,meti tsil a ni raeppa nac sgat ynA .)met

hW .stsil detsen .tellub a yb dedecerp ylticilpmi si meti tsil hcae ,deyalpsid ne

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:stsiL deredrO

si tsil a fo ssenderedro sihT .tnatropmi si smeti fo redro eht hcihw ni stsil era stsil deredrO

ticilpmi eht yb tsil eht fo yalpsid eht ni nwohs eht ot eulav laitneuqes a fo tnemhcatta

.1 htiw gninnigeb ,slaremun cibarA era seulav laitneuqes tluafed ehT .meti hcae fo gninnigeb

deyalpsid dna deificeps era smeti ehT .>lo< gat kcolb eht nihtiw detaerc si tsil deredro nA

deredronu ni esoht era sa tsuj yb dedecerp era tsil deredro na ni smeti eht taht tpecxe ,stsil

.stellub fo daetsni seulav laitneuqes

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Page 19: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 91

>il/<alasaM nekcihC ujeT g02 dda ,nekcihc fo gk 1 roF>il<

>il/<nworb nedlog llit lio/eehg psbt3 htiw snoino gib 2 yrF>il<

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>il/<retaw lm001 dna nekcihc dda ,tfos semoceb otamot nehW>il<

ihc eht llit kooc dna sevael rednairoc g52 ddA>il< >il/<kciht snrut yvarg dna tfos si nekc

>il/<evres ot ydaeR>il<

>lo/<

>ydob/<

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:stsiL noitinifeD

sa ,snoitinifed rieht dna smret fo stsil yficeps ot desu era stsil noitinifed ,seilpmi eman eht sA

eht sa nevig si tsil noitinifed A .seirassolg ni hcaE .gat kcolb a si hcihw ,gat >ld< a fo tnetnoc

snoitinifed ehT .gat >td< a fo tnetnoc eht sa nevig si tsil noitinifed eht ni denifed eb ot mret

era tsil noitinifed a fo smret denifed ehT .sgat >dd< fo tnetnoc eht sa deificeps era sevlesmeht

psid yllausu ro enil eht no detnedni nwohs yllausu era snoitinifed eht ;nigram tfel eht ni deyal

.mret eht gniwollof senil

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poT>dd< >dd/<yrtsudnI mliF adannaK ni

>td/< ubaB hsehaM >td<

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>td/< ayiruS >td<

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4 . etxe fo esoprup eht si tahW nr rehto eht htiw ti erapmoC ?teehs elyts level la .slevel owt

.teehs elyts level lanretxe fo tamrof eht etirW ( )skraM 40( enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

Page 20: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 02

Ex et rnal sty el hs ee st a ton er pa tr fo eht od c stnemu ot ihw c ht h ey a pp ly.

hT ey a er ots red separately a dn a er fer erenced ni a ll od c stnemu taht esu .meht hT ey

a w er rit net a et s x lif t e htiw s MI EM ty ep text/c .ss

I ln i en sty el ehs e st a ps er ec deifi a rof eps c o cifi cc urrence fo a tag a dn a pp l no y l ot y eht

c etno nt fo taht at g. sihT a lpp ci ati no fo style ihw , ch def ae st eht prup ose fo sty el sh ee st –

ht at of im gnisop finu o mr sty el no eht tags o f at el a ts eno elohw od c .tnemu htonA er

vdasid a egatn fo ni l eni sty el hs eets si taht ht e r y e tlus ni sty ofni el rmati ,no ihw ch si

exp er ni dess a exp er ni dess al a ngua sid eg t tcni fr X mo HTML am r b ,puk ein g e ddebm e d

lp suoirav ni a ec ni s od c .stnemu

oD c tnemu - vel el style ps ec cifi ati sno appear ni eht od c tnemu head secti no a dn a pp ly ot th e

elohw ob dy fo eht od cu .tnem

:era teehs elyts level lanretxE fo tamroF

< .1 li r kn e = l "style ehs et" type = " et xt/c "ss

h er = f

―th t :p / ww/ w hw. ereve o.r rg/ et pmr ape .r css"> </l >kni

u tropmi@ .2 r ( l filename ;)

5 . .smrof rotceles lla nialpxE ( )skraM 60( enuJ - 6102 , naJ - 5102 , naJ - 4102 )

:noituloS

Simp s el e el c rot form

Sim elp se el c of rot rm a si li ts fo style ur le ,s as ni eht c tnetno fo a <style> tag rof

od c tnemu - vel el style hs ee .st ehT se el c rot si a gat na em ro a li ts fo tag na ,sem separa det

b y c mo ma .s disnoC er the gniwollof exa pm le ,s ni ihw ch eht pr po ert si y font- is ze a dn eht

pr po erty va a si eul mun be niop fo r t : s

{ 3h ,1h f tno - is ze tp42 : ;}

{ 2h f tno - is ze tp02 : };

Se el c srot ac n a osl eps cif t y hat eht sty el dluohs a pp ly no l ot y e mel e stn ni ec tr a ni tisop i sno

ni t eh od c sihT. tnemu i enod s by li ts i gn the e mel e h tn ierarchy ni t eh se el ctor. etnoC x laut

se el c :srot Se el c srot can a osl ps ecify that eht sty el dluohs a pp ly no ly ot e mel e stn i n

ec tr a isop ni ti od eht ni sno c . tnemu In the e s g elec rot ap lp ies its sty el ot eht c tnetno fo

e sisahpm ele stnem taht a d er es ec dn a stn of dlob e mel e stn ni eht ob d y of eht doc .tnemu

ob d b y em f{ ont- is ze: tp42 oslA }; ac lled as des ec ndant se el c .srot It lliw ton appl ot y

e sisahpm eleme tn ton des ec dn a fo tn f dlob ace e mel e .tn

ssalC Se el c ot rs

Page 21: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 12

sU ed ot all wo fid fere tn o cc urrences fo eht same gat ot esu id ffere tn sty el eps c ifi cati A .sno

sty el cla a sah ss na ,em ihw c tta si h ca he ot d t eh tag‘ eman s a htiw pe .doir

n.p arr { wo p por erty-va eul list}

ediw.p p{ r po erty-va l eul ist}

ehT c ssal y uo wa tn no a pa lucitr ar o cc urrence fo a tag si ps eci if ed htiw the c ssal att fo etubir

t eht ag.

F ro exa pm le,

< p c = ssal "narrow">

nO ce a nopu ti ht em e er live a d ik ng ni t eh alp ce calle d Ay do hya.

< >p/

...

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nO ce a nopu ti ht em e er live a d ik ng ni t eh alp ce calle d Ay do hya.

< >p/

Ge en r leS ci ec ot rs

g A ene cir c ssal ca eb n de nif e fi d y w uo a s a tn ty el t o a pp ly ot more tha eno n t fo dnik ag.

A generic c ssal tsum eb na ,dem a dn eht na em tsum beg ni htiw a pe ir od tuohtiw a gat

na i ni em t man s e.

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c ssal

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<title> etulosbA tisop i no i gn </tit >el

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< eh/ a >d

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 22

< ob dy>

< p c = ssal " er g et xt">

elppA si eht c mo m no na em for any rt ee of eht ge sun Ma ,sul fo the af mil casoR y eae elppA .

rt ees grow ni an fo y eht pmet era et ar ae s fo eht ow r .dl S emo a pp le solb s smo ar ,etihw e tub

tsom ha rts ev ipes ro ti stn fo sor e. Som e a elpp solb s smo ar b e rig th re .d lppA e h s a ev a if rm

a dn lf esh s y t ur c erut taht g or ws fr mo eht solb s .mo ehT c srolo of a selpp ran f eg r mo g er en ot

ver d y a kr re .d The doow of a pp le rt ees si nif e-g ar deni a dn ha .dr It eht ,si er of re, g doo rof

fur in ture c urtsno cti .no elppA rt ee s ha ev been gr nwo am rof n y ec irutn e hT .s ey are

orp pagated by g gnitfar b ace use ht ey r ton od epr do uce the vlesm e .s

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< p c ssal = "a sb text"> PA PL A SE R G E O DO F RO YO U < >p/

< ob/ dy>

< h/ tml>

dI Se el c ot rs

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of r fo m a s di n e el c si rot a : swollof s

eps# c ifi c- orp{ di perty-va E }tsil eul xa pm le:

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<h di 2

s―= ce 41noit >ǁ ecilA ni won ed r al dn </h2>

nU iv re las se el ctor

ehT evinu rsal se el c ,rot de deton by an a ets r *(ksi ), ihw ch a lpp ies sty el ot a ll e mel e stn

od eht ni c .tnemu F ro exa pm le:

c{.* :rolo er d };

kam e lla s e mel e stn i eht n od c tnemu er .d

Pse du sessalC o

Pse odu c ssal es a er styles taht a pp ly hw en mos e ht i h gn appe ,sn ra ht er than beca esu eht

at rget e mel e tn is mpl y ex si t .s Na sem fo uesp do c ssal es beg ni htiw c snolo voh er c ssal e s

a pp ly when eht esuom cur ros si vo er eht e mel ent of c su c ssal es a pp ly when an

e mel e h tn as of c su .e.i esuom eht cur si ros vo e eht r e mel e tn a dn el eht ft esuom butt no si

clicke hT .d e es sp owt e odu c ssal e a s r troppus e e d by F 2X b tu I oppus 7E r no st ly oh ve .r

< th m l xm = snl " th t :p / ww/ w o.3w. rg 9991/ /x th ml">

<h ae d> <title> hC ce bk xo e s </tit >el

Page 23: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 32

<sty el ty ep = " et xt/c ss " >

upni t revoh: {c r :rolo e };d

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rg ee n };

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>

6 . .sgat >vid< dna >naps< nialpxE ( )skraM 50( enuJ - 4102 )

:noituloS

fo hpargarap elohw a naht ssel ot seitreporp tnof laiceps ylppa ot tnaw ew ,snoitautis ynam nI

.esoprup siht tsuj rof dengised si gat >naps< ehT .txet

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>ydob/<

>lmth/<

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 42

rehtar tnemucod a fo noitces a ot elyts a ylppa ot elba eb ot ,revewoh ,tneinevnoc erom si tI

on si ereht ,>naps< htiw sA .gat >vid< eht htiw enod eb nac sihT .hpargarap hcae ot naht

si esu yramirp sti os ,gat >vid< eht fo tnetnoc eht rof tuoyal deilpmi noitatneserp yficeps ot

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>"ssc/txet" = epyt elyts<

tnof{ eno. - tnof;tp02:ezis - };teloiv:roloc;'yhpargillac adicul':ylimaf

tnof{ owt. - tnof;tp52:ezis - c;'sm snas cimoc':ylimaf };neerg:rolo

>daeh/< >elyts/<

>ydob<

>"eno" = ssalc vid<

>p/<1 noisivid rednu 1 hgargaraP>p<

>p/<1 noisivid rednu 2 hgargaraP>p<

>p/<1 noisivid rednu 3 hgargaraP>p<

>vid/<

>"owt" = ssalc vid<

>p/<2 noisivid rednu 1 hgargaraP>p<

dnu 2 hgargaraP>p< >p/<2 noisivid re

>p/<2 noisivid rednu 3 hgargaraP>p<

>vid/<

>ydob/<

>lmth/<

7 . .noituloser tcilfnoc no eton a etirW ( )skraM 50( naJ - 5102 )

eht no ytreporp emas eht rof seulav tnereffid owt eb nac ereht ,egap bew a no semitemoS

.tcilfnoc ot gnidael tnemele emas

};eulb :roloc{ 3h

};der :roloc{ 3h ydob

nehw .e.i :tcilfnoc fo epyt erom ro eno eb nac erehT .tcilfnoc siht evloser ot sah resworb ehT

.tnemele emos no ytreporp emas rof eulav tnereffid yficeps slevel erom ro 2 ta steehs elyts

el tnereffid eht ot ytiroirp gnidivorp yb devloser si tcilfnoc sihT .steehs elyts fo slev

.level tnemucod eht revo ytiroirp tsehgih eht steg level enilni ehT

Page 25: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 52

level lanretxe eht revo ytiroirp rehgih eht steg level tnemucod ehT

srif eht ni tcilfnoc eht evloser ot elba eb tsum resworb eht tuB emas gnisu elpmaxe t

euqinhcet . .seulav ytreporp fo noitacificeps eht fo snigiro tnereffid lareves eb nac erehT

yb deificeps eb nac ti ro rohtua eht yb detaerc teehs elyts a morf emoc yam eulav eht fo enO

fid htiw seulav ytreporp ehT .resworb eht yb dedivorp snoitpo eht gnisu resu eht nigiro tneref

sa ti gnikram yb ytreporp a rof tes eb osla nac ecnedecerp ehT .ecnedecerp tnereffid evah

.tnatropmi

tnof{ laiceps.p - tnof ;tnatropmi! cilati :elyts - }41 :ezis

tnof taht snaem sihT - ificeps fo thgiew sa nwonk si siht[ tnatropmi si cilati:elyts ]noitac

itlum a si noituloser tcilfnoc fo ssecorp ehT - .ssecorp gnitros egats

.teehs elyts fo slevel tuoba noitamrofni rehtag ot si pets tsrif ehT

.detros era sthgiew dna snigiro eht lla ,txeN

:deredisnoc era selur gniwollof ehT

oitaralced tnatropmI .1 nigiro resu htiw sn

nigiro rohtua htiw snoitaralced tnatropmI .2

nigiro rohtua htiw snoitaralced lamroN .3

nigiro resu htiw snoitaralced lamroN .4

nigiro )tnega resu rehto ro( resworb htiw snoitaralced ynA .5

os retfa neve stcilfnoc rehto era ereht fI :era seluR .yticificeps yb gnitros si pets txen eht ,gnitr

srotceles di .1

srotceles ssalc oduesp dna ssalC .2

)cificeps erom era yeht taht snaem seman epyt tnemele erom( srotceles lautxetnoC .3

srotceles lasrevinU .4

a yeht ,stcilfnoc llits ereht fI nees yltnecer tsom ot ecnedecerp gnivig yb devloser er

.noitacificeps

.SSC ni elbaliava era steehs elyts fo slevel tnereffid eht nialpxE .8

naJ( )skraM 40( - 4102 , naJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

,enilni era ,level tsehgih ot level tsewol morf redro ni ,steehs elyts fo slevel eerht ehT

.lanretxe dna ,level tnemucod

steehs elyts enilnI .tnemele LMTHX elgnis a fo tnetnoc eht ot ylppa

tnemucoD - steehs elyts level emucod a fo ydob elohw eht ot ylppa .tn

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 62

steehs elyts lanretxE .stnemucod fo rebmun yna fo seidob eht ot ylppa nac

revo ecnedecerp evah hcihw ,steehs elyts tnemucod revo ecnedecerp evah steehs elyts enilnI

.steehs elyts lanretxe

a gat gninepo eht nihtiw raeppa snoitacificeps elyts enilnI taht fo tnetnoc eht ot ylno ylppa dn

.gat

tnemucoD - eht ot ylppa dna noitces daeh tnemucod eht ni raeppa snoitacificeps elyts level

.tnemucod eht fo ydob eritne

.meht esu taht stnemucod lla ni decnerefer era dna yletarapes derots steehs elyts lanretxE

xE .ssc/txet epyt EMIM eht htiw selif txet sa nettirw era steehs elyts lanret

steehs elyts lanretxe sehctef resworb ehT .beW eht no retupmoc yna no derots eb nac yehT

.stnemucod sehctef ti sa tsuj

tiW .steehs elyts lanretxe yficeps ot desu si gat >knil< ehT desu si etubirtta ler eht ,>knil< nih

deknil eht fo pihsnoitaler eht yficeps ot - knil eht hcihw ni tnemucod eht ot tnemucod ot

.tnemucod teehs elyts eht fo LRU eht yficeps ot desu si >knil< fo etubirtta ferh ehT .sraeppa

LANRETXE SESU HCIHW ELPMAXE

ELYTS TEEHS

>eltit/<SSC elpmaS>eltit< >daeh< >lmth<

ferh "ssc/txet" = epyt "teehselyts" = ler knil<

>/ "ssc.1elytS" =

>1h/<ramukjaR hteenuP>1h< >daeh/<

>lmth/<

ssc.1elytS

tnof { 1h - tnof ;'gnitirwdnaH adicuL' :ylimaf -

} ;deR :roloc ;tp05 :ezis

TEEHS ELYTS LEVEL TNEMUCOD SESU HCIHW ELPMAXE

>lmth<

>eltit/<SSC elpmaS>eltit< >daeh<

>"ssc/txet" = epyt elyts<

tnof { 1h - tnof ;'gnitirwdnaH adicuL' :ylimaf - } ;deR :roloc ;tp05 :ezis

>elyts/<

>daeh/<

>1h/<ramukjaR hteenuP>1h<

>lmth/<

TEEHS ELYTS ENILNI SESU HCIHW ELPMAXE

>lmth<

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 72

>eltit/<SSC elpmaS>eltit< >daeh<

>daeh/<

tnof"= elyts 1h< - tnof ;'gnitirwdnaH adicuL' :ylimaf - hteenuP >";deR :roloc ;tp05 :ezis

>1h/< ramukjaR

>lmth/<

9 :elpmaxe htiw ,sgat gniwollof nialpxE .

tceleS )i .viD )vi aeratxeT)iii emarF)ii naJ()skraM 80( - )4102

:noituloS

:gaT >tceles< ehT

.egap eht no detaerc eb nac taht tupni fo epyt rehtona si smeti uneM

.desu si gat >tceles< ,meti unem eht etaerc oT

.desu si gat >noitpo< ,unem eht ni meti eht tresni oT

lmth< >

>daeh/< >eltit/< uneM >eltit< >daeh<

>ydob<

>p< BJS sehcnarB TI - ,lacirtcelE ,scinortcelE ,ecneicS retupmoC ,ecneicS noitamrofnI

>p/< lacinahceM

>"" = noitca mrof<

ed eht( 1 = ezis htiW >p< )tluaf >p/<

>"sehcnarb" = eman tceles<

>noitpo/< ecneicS noitamrofnI >noitpo<

>noitpo/< ecneicS retupmoC >noitpo<

>noitpo/< scinortcelE >noitpo<

>noitpo/< lacirtcelE >noitpo<

>noitpo/< lacinahceM >noitpo<

>tceles/<

>lmth/< >ydob/< >mrof/<

txet< ehT :gaT >aera

.deretne eb nac stnemetats elpitlum hcihw gnisu tupni fo epyt a si aera txeT

.gat >aeratxet< gnisu detaerc si aera txeT

.eman eht evah dluohs aera txeT

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 82

eb nac secnetnes ynam woh denoitnem eb dluohs ti ,aera txet fo noitaerc eht gniruD

gnisu enod si sihT .deretne swor .etubirtta

.enil a ni deretne eb nac sretcarahc ynam woh denoitnem eb osla dluohs ti ,ylralimiS

gnisu enod si sihT sloc .etubirtta

eht fI ,deificeps naht erom secnetnes retne sresu fi .e.i dedeecxe si swor ot nevig eulav

eht rab llorcs .sraeppa yllacitamotua

>daeh/< >eltit/< aera txet >eltit< >daeh< >lmth<

>ydob<

>" "=noitca mrof<

>3h/<stnemmoc ruoy retnE >3h<

bdeef"=eman aeratxet< >p< >p/< >aeratxet/< >"001"=sloc "5"=swor "kca

>lmth/< >ydob/< >mrof/<

SEMARF

wodniw ehT .emit a ta tnemucod eno naht erom yalpsid ot desu eb nac wodniw resworb ehT

a si hcihw fo hcae ,saera ralugnatcer otni dedivid eb nac .emarf fo elbapac si emarf hcaE

id .tnemucod nwo sti gniyalps

:stesemarF

eht htiw deificeps era wodniw resworb eht ni tuoyal rieht dna semarf fo rebmun ehT

.gat >tesemarf<

tnemucod A .tnemucod a ni tnemele ydob eht fo ecalp eht sekat tnemele tesemarf A

tub tesemarf a ro ydob a rehtie sah .htob evah tonnac

a rehtie evah tsum gat >tesemarf< ehT swor a ro sloc )htob ro( .etubirtta

,semarf latnoziroh etaerc oT swor .desu si etubirtta

,semarf lacitrev etaerc oT sloc .desu si etubirtta

.sksiretsa dna segatnecrep ,srebmun eb nac setubirtta eseht rof seulav ehT

.gnirts detouq ni nevig & sammoc yb detarapes era seulav erom ro owT

>lmth<

>daeh/< >eltit/<sloc dna swoR tesemarF>eltit< >daeh<

tesemarf< "*,*,*" = sloc "05,05" = swor >

< >/"lmth.1loCemarF" = crs emarf

Page 29: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 92

>/"lmth.2loCemarF" = crs emarf<

>/"lmth.3loCemarF" = crs emarf<

>/"lmth.4loCemarF" = crs emarf<

>/"lmth.1woRemarF" = crs emarf<

>/"lmth.2woRemarF" = crs emarf<

>lmth/< >tesemarf/<

10 a etaerc ot margorp LMTHX a etirW . llarevo na :lebal nmuloc fo slevel owt htiw elbat

owt eb tsum erehT .rennid dna hcnul ,tsafkaerb ,slebal yradnoces eerht dna slaem ,lebal

niam ,daerb ,slebal yradnoces ruof dna sdoof ,lebal llarevo na :slebal wor fo slevel

sruoc rof smarg fo rebmun a niatnoc tsum elbat eht fo sllec ehT .tressed dna elbategev ,e

.doof eht fo yrogetac hcae ( )skraM 21( enuJ - 4102 )

:noituloS

ftu"=gnidocne "0.1"=noisrev lmx?< - >?"8

EPYTCOD!< " CILBUP lmth lmth - "NE//tcirtS 0.1 LMTHX DTD//C3W//

1lmthx/DTD/1lmthx/RT/gro.3w.www//:ptth" - >"dtd.tcirts

>"lmthx/9991/gro.3w.www//:ptth"=snlmx lmth<

>daeh< >eltit/<21.2 margorP esicrecxE>eltit< >daeh/< >"eulbredwop"=rolocgb ydob< "4"=redrob elbat< > "elprup"=rolocredrob >rt< >dt/<>"2"=napswor dt< >ht/<>ht< >ht/<slaeM>"3"=napsloc ht< >rt/< >rt< >ht/< >ht< >ht/<tsafkaerB>ht< >ht/<hcnuL>ht< >ht/<renniD>ht< >rt/< >rt< >ht/<sdooF>"5"=napswor ht< >rt/< >rt< >ht/<daerB>ht< >dt/<smg001>dt< >dt/<smg002>dt< >dt/<smg571>dt<

Page 30: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 03

>rt/< >rt< >ht/<esruoC niaM>ht< >dt/<smg001>dt< >dt/<smg002>dt< >dt/<smg571>dt< >rt/< >rt< >ht/<elbategeV>ht< >dt/<smg001>dt< < >dt/<smg002>dt >dt/<smg571>dt< >rt/< >rt< >ht/<tresseD>ht< >dt/<smg001>dt< >dt/<smg002>dt< >dt/<smg571>dt< >rt/< >elbat/< >ydob/<

>lmth/<

11 sil detsen gnitartsulli rof edoc LMTHX na ngiseD ?LMTHX ni deldnah era stsil woH . .st

( )skraM 01( naJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

It si desu ot eps cify style fo lub le st ro se uq encing va seul ni li ts ite .sm ehT list-style-

typ fo e onU rdered li sts ac n s eb et ot ,csid c ri c uqs,el a er non ro e. B lu let ac n eb csid a

d( efa lu t ,) auqs a er ro , a circ ti teS .el no eithe eht r < >lu o r <li> nO gat < seilppa ti ,>lu t o

li ts i smet

< >3h S nommoC emo Si gn le-Eng eni A ri cra tf < >3h/

< s lu ty = el "list-style-type :auqs re">

<li> Ce S anss kyha kw </l >i

<li> Be ce hc tfar Bonanza </l >i

<li> P repi hC e eekor </l >i < u/ l>

nO <li> l , ist-sty el -type a lpp ie ot s j tsu tha t i met

< >3h S nommoC emo Si gn le-Eng eni A ri cra tf < >3h/

< >lu

Page 31: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 13

< il style = "list-style-type :disc" C > e S anss kyha kw </l >i < il style = "list-style-type :

auqs re" > Beechcra tf B no anza </li> < il style = "list-style-type :

ric cle" > P repi hC e kor ee </l >i esu dluoC a i n ma eg f ro t eh lub le st i n a onu n rde er d

li E .ts xa pm le s il<: ty = el "list-style-i am ge :ib(lru r j.d pg)">

< th m >l

< h/ ae d>< ob dy>

< >3h Name jbus fo ce st of ef red< >3h/

< s lu ty = el "list-style-type auqs : re">

<li> we rp b og ar mm <gni /li>

<li> Da rts at uc rut es</l >i

<li> pmoC i el r ised s gn </l >i

< u/ l>

< >3h Name jbus fo ce st of ef red< >3h/

< >lu

< il style = "list-style-type d : isc">

we rp b ogramm gni </l >i

< il style = "list-style-type :auqs re" D > a urts at c ut res</l >i

< il style = "list-style-type :ric cle" pmoC > i el r ised s g n </l >i

< u/ l <> ob/ dy> < h/ tml>

Page 32: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 23

When ordered li sts a er ne ,dets ti si be ts ot esu id ffere tn sdnik fo se uq ence va seul rof eht

fid ef re tn el ve sl fo ne ts ing. l ehT ist-style-ty ep ac n desu eb ot cha eht egn se uq enc e

va .seul Be wol bat le li sts eht id ffere tn ssop i ib lit sei de if ned by C SS .1 P por erty va eul

Se uq enc e ty ep fi ruof tsr va seul

D ce ima A l ra mun cib eral ,3 ,2 ,1 sppu 4 re -a pl ha cU ttel e ,A sr B ,C ,wol D re -a pl ha Lc ettel rs a, ,b c d ,

ppu re - mor an cU namoR I, II, III, IV

wol re - mor an Lc namoR i i , i i , i ,i iv

C SS h 2 a rom s e l , i ek wol er-gr ee k a dn hebrew

<?xm ev l r = nois " .1 0"?>

<!D lmth EPYTCO P LBU IC "-// 3w c//DT D XHTML /1.1 /EN "

" th t :p / ww/ w o.3w. rg T/ R/x th m 11l / TD D/x th m .11l d dt "> < th m l xm = snl " th t :p / ww/ w o.3w. rg 9991/ /x th ml">

<h ae d> <title> Se uq ence types </tit >el

<sty el ty ep = " et xt/c ss ">

{ lo l si t-style-type eppu : r- mor a };n

lo lo l{ ist-sty el -type reppu : -a pl ha };

lo lo { lo l si t-sty el -type : d ce imal;} < s/ ty >el < eh/ ad> ob dy> < >3h iA rc tfar Type s </h >3 < >lo <li> Genera p( noitaivA l i ots n-dr nevi eng >il/<)seni < >lo

l< i> S ni g el -Eng eni Aircraf >i/<t < >lo <li> Ta li hw ee l </l >i <li> Tricycle </l >i < o/ l> </l >i <li> uD al-Eng eni riA craft < >lo <li> W ni g- nuom te d engine s </l >i <li> P su h- suf llup elage- nuom te d engine s </l >i < o/ l> </l >i < o/ l> </l >i

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 33

12 eht fo tnemele hcaE .setats ruof fo tsil deredro na ebircsed ot tnemucod LMTHX na etirW .

tsil .etats eht ni seitic owt tsael ta fo tsil deredronu na evah tsum ( )skraM 50( enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

ftu"=gnidocne "0.1"=noisrev lmx?< - >?"8 " CILBUP lmth EPYTCOD!< - "NE//tcirtS 0.1 LMTHX DTD//C3W//

1lmthx/DTD/1lmthx/RT/gro.3w.www//:ptth" - >"dtd.tcirts lmth< >"lmthx/9991/gro.3w.www//:ptth"=snlmx

>daeh< >eltit/<5.2 margorP esicrecxE>eltit< >daeh/< >"eulbredwop"=rolocgb ydob< >1h/<seitic tnatropmi eerhT dna setatS fo tsiL>1h< >/ "der"=roloc rh< >lu< >il/<akatanraK>il< >lu< il/<uroolagneB>il< > >il/<erosyM>il< >il/<ilbuH>il< >lu/< >il/<hsedarP arhdnA>il< >lu< >il/<dabaredyH>il< >il/<dabardnuceS>il< >il/<mantapakahsiV>il< >lu/< >il/<artsarahaM>il< >lu< >il/<iabmuM>il<

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 43

>il/<enuP>il< il/<rupgaN>il< > >lu/< >il/<alareK>il< >lu< >il/<rannuM>il< >il/<marupahtnanavurihT>il< >il/<malloK>il< >lu/< >lu/< >ydob/<

>lmth/<

13 .stnemucod LMTHX ni noitaerc elbat ot tcepser htiw ,gniwollof eht nialpxE .

dna ht ,rt)ii >elbat< )i setubirtta napsloc dna napswor)iii setubirtta dt

txet )vi naJ .>vid< dna >naps<)v noitaro ( )skraM 50( enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

>elbat<)i

A ta elb si a matr xi fo ec lls, cae h op ss ylbi hav gni c tno e .tn T eh ce sll can ni lc edu al om st

a yn element s emo ce h sll ave r ro wo c nmulo labe sl a dn s emo have data. t A able si sp ce ified

a eht s c tno e tn a fo t< able> ta g w ih ch si a b ol c t k ag. A drob er at rt ibu et eht ni <tab el > ta g

sp ce ifies drob a e b r etwee t n he ce ll s. eluR specifies the lines tha t separate the cells.

drob fI er si set ot

― drob er eht, worb se s‘r defa tlu w htdi drob er si use .d The drob er at rt ibu et

ac n be set ot a mun be ,r w ih ch will eb eht drob er w htdi ni p xi els 0( si on b dro er on

rules .) W tuohti eht drob er at rt i tub e, eht ta elb will have on l ni es .! aT ble s a er vig en tit les wit h

ht e<capt >noi tag , w ih c h ca i n mmediate yl f wollo t< a lb e .>

setubirtta dt dna ht ,rt)ii

caE h wor fo a ta elb si sp ce ified as eht c no te tn fo a >rt< tag. T eh wor h ae id gn s a er sp ce ifie d as eht content a fo < >ht tag. T eh c no te stn a fo da at ce si ll specifie d as the co tn e tn

a fo <t t >d ag . T eh e ytpm ec ll si specifie d w hti a tab el h ae de r at g ht a ni t c dul es on c no te tn /< >ht< t .>h

ob< dy>

t< able rob de = r " drob er">

c< apt >noi f ur i j t uice rd inks /< ac pt >noi

>rt<

/< >ht< t >h

>ht< A elpp < >ht/

>ht< Mang /< o t >h

>ht< S rt awber yr >ht/<

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 53

/< t >r

>elbat/<

setubirtta napsloc dna napswor)iii

A ta elb ac n have two leve sl c lo u nm labe sl a dn also wor labels. fI s ,o eht c lo span

a rtt ibut um e s eb t se ni t eht < t >ht ag ot spec yfi ht a eht t labe l mus t spa n s emo nu bm e fo r

c ulo mns.

>rt<

ht< c lo spa = n "3" > F ur i t J iu ce Dr skni /< t >h

/< t >r

>rt<

>ht< Orange /< t >h

>ht< A elpp < >ht/

>ht< Screw rd ive < r / >ht

/< t >r

c< apt >noi f ur i j t uice rd inks /< ac pt >noi

>rt<

wor dt< span="2">< >dt/

ht< c lo span="3">Jui ec s chart</ >ht

/< t >r

>rt<

/< >ht< t >h

noitaroced txet )vi

txet ehT - elbaliava ehT .txet fo serutaef laiceps emos yficeps ot desu si ytreporp noitaroced

enil era seulav - sresworb ynaM .tluafed eht si hcihw ,enon dna ,enilrednu ,enilrevo ,hguorht

nu siht diova ot desu eb nac eulav enon ehT .sknil enilrednu ylticilpmi taht etoN .gninilred

txet - enil eht setartsulli ,lmth.noitaroced ,tnemucod gniwollof ehT .detirehni ton si noitaroced -

:seulav enilrednu dna ,enilrevo ,hguorht

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 63

elbat etartsulli ot elbatemit ssalc elpmas a gnitcurtsnoc rof edoc LMTHX na ngiseD .41

.gnildnah ( )skraM 01( naJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

ftu"=gnidocne "0.1"=noisrev lmx?< - >?"8

" CILBUP lmth EPYTCOD!< - "NE//1.1 LMTHX DTD//C3W//

/11lmthx/RT/gro.3w.www//:ptth" >"dtd.11lmthx/DTD

>"lmthx/9991/gro.3w.www//:ptth"=snlmx lmth<

>eltit/<elbaT emiT>eltit<>daeh<

>"ssc/txet"=epyt elyts<

tnof{md.dt - txet;egnaro:roloc;semiT:ylimaf - };retnec:ngila

tnof{as.dt - txet;der:roloc;lairA:ylimaf - };retnec:ngila

f{wp.dt tno - txet;eulb:roloc;fires:ylimaf - };retnec:ngila

tnof{avaj.dt - txet;laet:roloc;reiruoC:ylimaf - };retnec:ngila

tnof{tenc.dt - txet;nworb:roloc;ahtaL:ylimaf - };retnec:ngila

tnof{dmoo.dt - txet;wolley:roloc;akitraK:ylimaf - };retnec:ngila

{bal.dt tnof - txet;elprup:roloc;evisruc:ylimaf - };retnec:ngila

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 73

tnof{tut.dt - txet;neerg:roloc;amohaT:ylimaf - };retnec:ngila

tnof{aet.dt - txet;agnuT:ylimaf - tnof;retnec:ngila - };redlob:thgiew

tnof{hcnul.dt - txet;agnuT:ylimaf - tnof;retnec:ngila - };redlob:thgiew

>elyts/< >daeh/< >"eulbredwop"=rolocgb ydob< >retnec/<>1h/<elbaT emiT>1h<>retnec< >"01"=gniddapllec "2"=redrob elbat< >rt< >ht/<>ht< >ht/<52.9 ot 03.8>ht< >ht/<02.01 ot 52.9>ht< ht/<53.01 ot 02.01>ht< > >ht/<03.11 ot 53.01>ht< >ht/<52.21 ot 03.11>ht< >ht/<51.1 ot 52.21>ht< >ht/<01.2 ot 51.1>ht< >ht/<50.3 ot 01.2>ht< >ht/<00.4 ot 50.3>ht< >rt/< >rt< >ht/<yadnoM>"1"=napswor ht< =ssalc dt< krowteN/baL beW>"retnec"=ngila "2"=napsloc "bal"

>dt/<baL >dt/<kaerB aeT>"6"=napswor "aet"=ssalc dt< >dt/<baL krowteN/baL beW>"bal"=ssalc dt< >dt/<teN. #C>"tenc"=ssalc dt< >dt/<kaerB hcnuL>"6"=napswor "hcnul"=ssalc dt< < >dt/<EE2J/avaJ>"avaj"=ssalc dt

>dt/<beW ehT gnimmargorP>"wp"=ssalc dt< >dt/<erutcetihcrA erawtfoS>"as"=ssalc dt<

>rt/< >rt< >ht/<yadseuT>ht< >dt/<gniniM ataD>"md"=ssalc dt< >dt/<DMOO>"dmoo"=ssalc dt< salc dt< >dt/<teN. #C>"tenc"=s >dt/<beW ehT gnimmargorP>"wp"=ssalc dt< krowteN/baL beW>"retnec"=ngila "3"=napsloc "bal"=ssalc dt<

>dt/<baL >rt/< >rt< >ht/<yadsendeW>ht< >dt/<EE2J/avaJ>"avaj"=ssalc dt< W ehT gnimmargorP>"wp"=ssalc dt< >dt/<be >dt/<DMOO>"dmoo"=ssalc dt< >dt/<gniniM ataD>"md"=ssalc dt< larutluC/stropS>"retnec"=ngila "3"=napsloc "trops"=ssalc dt<

>dt/<seitivitcA

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 83

>rt/< >rt< >ht/<yadsruhT>ht< >dt/<beW ehT gnimmargorP>"wp"=ssalc dt< oo"=ssalc dt< >dt/<DMOO>"dm >dt/<gniniM ataD>"md"=ssalc dt< >dt/<erutcetihcrA erawtfoS>"as"=ssalc dt< krowteN/baL beW>"retnec"=ngila "3"=napsloc "bal"=ssalc dt<

>dt/<baL >rt/< >rt< >ht/<yadirF>ht< >dt/<DMOO>"dmoo"=ssalc dt< "tenc"=ssalc dt< >dt/<teN.#C> >dt/<erutcetihcrA erawtfoS>"as"=ssalc dt< >dt/<EE2J/avaJ>"avaj"=ssalc dt< >dt/<TUT>"tut"=ssalc dt< >dt/<TUT>"tut"=ssalc dt< >dt/<TUT>"tut"=ssalc dt< >rt/< >rt< >ht/<yadrutaS>ht< >dt/<teN.#C>"tenc"=ssalc dt< >dt/<erutcetihcrA erawtfoS>"as"=ssalc dt< >dt/<EE2J/avaJ>"avaj"=ssalc dt< >dt/<gniniM ataD>"md"=ssalc dt< >dt/<>"3"=napsloc dt< >rt/<

>elbat/< >ydob/< >lmth/<

.srac fo stsil deredro detsen etaerc ot margorp LMTHX a etirW .51 evah tsum tsiL retuO ehT

:seirtne eerht eb tsum ereht stsil eerht eseht fo hcae edisnI .strops dna ,ezisdim ,tcapmoc

tcapmoc ehT .selyts ydob fo stsilbus owt - ezisdim dna - ruof dna rood owt era stsilbus rac

rood strops eht ; - ydob hcaE .elbitrevnoc dna epuoc era stsilbus rac - evah tsum tsilbus elyts

eht stif taht rac ralucitrap a fo ledom dna ekam eht si hcihw fo hcae ,seirtne eerht tsael ta

aremun namoR esacreppu esu tsum tsil retuo ehT .yrogetac esu tsum stsil elddim eht ,sl

rof roloc dnuorgkcab ehT .slaremun cibarA esu tsum stsil renni eht dna ,srettel esacreppu

tcapmoc eht - ezisdim eht rof ;knip eb tsum tsil rac - strops eht rof ;eulb eb tsum ti ,tsil rac -

b tsum ti ,tsil rac .teehs elyts tnemucod a ni eb tsum selyts eht fo llA .der e

( )skraM 01( enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

ftu"=gnidocne "0.1"=noisrev lmx?< - >?"8

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 93

" CILBUP lmth EPYTCOD!< - "NE//1.1 LMTHX DTD//C3W//

>"dtd.11lmthx/DTD/11lmthx/RT/gro.3w.www//:ptth"

mx lmth< >"lmthx/9991/gro.3w.www//:ptth"=snl

>eltit/<margorP 6.3 esicrecxE>eltit<>daeh<

>"ssc/txet"=epyt elyts<

tsil{lo - elyts - reppu:epyt - };namor

tsil{lo lo - elyts - reppu:epyt - };ahpla

tsil{lo lo lo - elyts - };lamiced:epyt

dnuorgkcab{tcapmoc.il - };knip:roloc

dnuorgkcab{ezisdim.il - };eulb:roloc

dnuorgkcab{strops.il - };der:roloc

dnuorgkcab{tcapmoc.lo - };knip:roloc

dnuorgkcab{ezisdim.lo - };eulb:roloc

dnuorgkcab{strops.lo - };der:roloc

>elyts/<

>daeh/< >ydob< >1h/<sraC fo tsiL deredrO detseN>1h< >lo< >il/<tcapmoC>"tcapmoc"=ssalc il< >"tcapmoc"=ssalc lo< >il/<rooD owT>il< >lo< >il/<2102>il< >il/<2102doM>il< >il/<AVER>il< >lo/< >il/<rooD ruoF>il< >lo< >il/<2102>il< >il/<008 ledoM>il< hturaM>il< >il/<tfiwS i >lo/< >lo/< >il/<ezisdiM>"ezisdim"=ssalc il< >"ezisdim"=ssalc lo< >il/<rooD owT>il< >lo< >il/<2102>il< >il/<2102doM>il< >il/<AVER>il< >lo/< >il/<rooD ruoF>il<

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 04

>lo< >il/<2102>il< doM>il< >il/<008 le >il/<tfiwS ihturaM>il< >lo/< >lo/< >il/<stropS>"strops"=ssalc il< >"strops"=ssalc lo< >il/<epuoC>il< >lo< >il/<2102>il< >il/<2102doM>il< >il/<AVER>il< >lo/< >il/<elbitrevnoC>il< >lo< < >il/<2102>il >il/<008 ledoM>il< >il/<tfiwS ihturaM>il< >lo/< >lo/< >lo/< >ydob/<

>lmth/<

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 14

TINU – 3

TPIRCSAVAJ

.tpircs avaJ dna avaJ neewteb secnereffid rojam eerht ebircseD .1

)skraM 30( ( enuJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

JavaSc tpir a avaj dn ylno si re tal e orht d ug h sy atn x . JavaSc rof troppus tpir OOP d si if ef re tn

fr mo that fo Java.

JavaSc si tpir dynami ac lly type .d

Ja av si norts gl y typed language. Types a er a ll kn nwo at c pmo i el ti em a dn po era dn type s

a er checked rof c tapmo i ib lity. B tu va ir a selb ni JavaSc n tpir ee ton d be d ce al re d a dn ar e

dynam ci ally type gnikam ,d co pm i it el me ty ep chec i gnik m ssop i .elb

jbO ce st ni Ja av a citats er - rieht > c lo l ce ti no fo da at rebmun a dn sdohtem si fixed a t

c pmo i it el me.

JavaSc tpir ejbo c st a er dynamic: ehT d fo rebmun a bmem at e sr a dn sdohtem fo an ejbo c t ac n

change irud ng ex ce ut noi

2 .selpmaxe htiw sdohtem yarrA tpircS avaJ nialpxE .

( )skraM 70( enuJ - 6102 , naJ - 5102 , enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

siht ni debircsed era hcihw fo tsom ,sdohtem lufesu fo noitcelloc a evah stcejbo yarrA

.noitces

.a ehT nioj otni meht setanetac dna sgnirts ot yarra na fo stnemele eht fo lla strevnoc dohtem

seulav eht ,nioj ot dedivorp si retemarap on fI .gnirts elgnis a detarapes era gnirts wen eht ni

eht redisnoC .rotarapes tnemele eht sa desu si ti ,dedivorp si retemarap gnirts a fI .sammoc yb

:elpmaxe gniwollof

;]”xaM“ ,”yhpruM“ ,”yarruM“ ,”yraM“[yarrA wen = eman rav

;)” : “(nioj.eman = gnirts_eman rav

fo eulav ehT .”xaM : yhpruM : yarruM : yraM“ won si gnirts_eman

.b ehT esrever ti hcihw hguorht tcejbo yarrA eht fo stnemele eht fo redro eht sesrever dohtem

.dellac si

Page 42: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 24

.c ehT tros ydaerla ton era yeht fi sgnirts emoceb ot yarra eht fo stnemele eht secreoc dohtem

rts yllacitebahpla meht stros dna sgni

.d ehT tacnoc hcihw no tcejbo yarrA eht fo dne eht ot sretemarap lautca sti setanetac dohtem

.dellac si ti

;]”xaM“ ,”yhpruM“ ,”yarruM“ ,”yraM“[yarrA wen = eman rav

;)”woeM“ ,”ooM“(tacnoc.seman = seman_wen rav

eulav ehT = seman_wen fo ”xaM“ ,”yhpruM“ ,”yarruM“ ,”yraM“[ , ”woeM“ ,”ooM“ ;]

.e ehT ecils eht gninruter ,sgnirts rof seod dohtem gnirtsbus eht tahw syarra rof seod dohtem

yarra ehT .stpircsbus sa desu era hcihw ,sretemarap sti yb deificeps tcejbo yarrA eht fo trap

tsrif eht morf ,dellac si ti hcihw hguorht tcejbo yarrA eht fo stnemele eht sah denruter

.retemarap dnoces eht ,gnidulcni ton tub ,ot pu retemarap

denruter si taht yarra eht ,retemarap eno tsuj nevig si ecils fI .]6 ,4[ won si 2tsil fo eulav ehT

.xedni deificeps eht htiw gnitrats ,tcejbo eht fo stnemele eht fo lla sah

.f eht nehW gnirtSot tnemele eht fo hcae ,tcejbo yarrA na hguorht dellac si dohtem eht fo s

yb detarapes ,detanetac era sgnirts esehT .gnirts a ot )yrassecen fi( detrevnoc si tcejbo

.nioj ekil hcum sevaheb dohtem gnirtSot eht ,stcejbo yarrA rof ,oS .sammoc

.g ehT ,tfihsnu ,pop ,hsup dna tfihs itatnemelpmi ysae eht wolla yarrA fo sdohtem fo no

na dda dna evomer ylevitcepser sdohtem hsup dna pop ehT .syarra ni seueuq dna skcats

:edoc gniwollof eht ni sa ,yarra na fo dne hgih eht ot tnemele

na fo gninnigeb eht ot tnemele na dda dna evomer ylevitcepser sdohtem tfihsnu dna tfihs ehT

.yarra stup sihT // ;)”rehsaD“(tfihsnu.tsil ”rehsaD“ won si reed // ;)(tfihs.tsil = reed rav

tsil no kcab ”rehsaD“

3 .tupni draobyek dna tuptuo neercs nialpxE .

( )skraM 01( enuJ - 6102 , naJ - 6102 , enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

.tcejbo tnemucoD eht htiw tnemucod LMTHX eht sledom tpircSavaJ

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 34

eht htiw delledom si tnemucod LMTHX na syalpsid resworb eht hcihw ni wodniw ehT

.tcejbo wodniW

.wodniw dna tnemucod ,seitreporp owt sedulcni tcejbo wodniW ehT

ot srefer ytreporp tnemucod ehT .tcejbo tnemucoD eht

fles si ytreporp wodniw ehT - .tcejbo wodniW eht ot srefer ti ;laitnerefer

eht ni si retemarap sti ni noitautcnup lufesu ylno eht ,edoc LMTHX etaerc ot desu si etirw

sedulcni netfo etirw fo retemarap eht ,eroferehT .sgat LMTHX fo mrof .>/ rb<

“ sdda ylticilpmi dohtem nletirw ehT \ enil erongi sresworb ecnis tub ,retemarap sti ot ”n

.tuptuo eht no tceffe on sah ti ,LMTHX gniyalpsid nehw skaerb

.tnetnoc dna sgat LMTHX yna edulcni nac etirw fo retemarap ehT

nac yllautca dohtem etirw ehT .sretemarap fo rebmun yna ekat

.tuptuo eht ni decalp dna detanetacnoc era sretemarap elpitluM

:elpmaxE ;)”>/ rb<“ ,tluser ,” :si tluser ehT“(etirw.tnemucod

pop fo sepyt 3 era erehT - :sexob pu

trelA

mrifnoC

tpmorP

iw golaid a snepo dohtem trela ehT osla tI .wodniw taht ni retemarap sti syalpsid dna wodn

.nottub KO na syalpsid

gnirts eht ,eroferehT .txet nialp si ti ;edoc LMTHX ton si trela fo retemarap gnirts ehT

edulcni yam trela fo retemarap \ .>/ rb< edulcni dluohs reven tub n

mus ehT“(trela “ + mus + ”:si \ ;)”n

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 44

gnirts sti syalpsid dohtem eht hcihw ni wodniw golaid a snepo dohtem mrifnoc ehT

.lecnaC dna KO :snottub owt htiw gnola ,retemarap

mrifnoc eslaf dna KO rof eurt :tupni nottub s’resu eht setacidni taht eulav naelooB a snruter

.ssecorp emos gniunitnoc fo eciohc eht resu eht reffo ot desu netfo si dohtem sihT .lecnaC rof

;)”?daolnwod siht eunitnoc ot tnaw uoy oD“(mrifnoc = noitseuq rav

retfA eht tset nac tpircs eht ,wodniw golaid mrifnoc eht ni snottub eht fo eno sesserp resu eht

.ylgnidrocca tcaer dna ,noitseuq ,elbairav

gnirts a tcelloc ot desu xob txet a sniatnoc taht wodniw golaid a setaerc dohtem tpmorp ehT

ihw ,resu eht morf tupni fo .eulav sti sa snruter tpmorp hc

.4 .tpircSavaJ ni sepyt evitimirp tnereffid eht nialpxE naJ( )skraM 60( - )4102

.lluN dna ,denifednU ,naelooB ,gnirtS ,rebmuN :sepyt evitimirp evif sah tpircSavaJ

.sepyt eseht fo eno sah eulav evitimirp hcaE

dna ,gnirtS ,rebmuN eht ot detaler ylesolc era taht stcejbo denifederp sedulcni tpircSavaJ

deman ,sepyt naelooB ,gnirtS ,rebmuN dna ,naelooB .ylevitcepser

iatnoc hcaE .stcejbo repparw dellac era stcejbo esehT eht fo eulav a serots taht ytreporp a sn

.epyt evitimirp gnidnopserroc

tneinevnoc era taht sdohtem dna seitreporp edivorp ot si stcejbo repparw eht fo esoprup ehT

.sepyt evitimirp eht fo seulav htiw esu rof

stcejbo dna sevitimirp neewteb ecnereffid ehT .elpmaxe gniwollof eht ni nwohs si

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 54

detneserper era seulav epyt rebmuN ehT .rebmuN epyt fo seulav era slaretil ciremun llA

elbuod ni yllanretni - gnitaolf noisicerp - .mrof tniop

.stigid fo sgnirts era slaretil regetnI

gnitaolF - ed evah nac slaretil tniop .htob ro ,stnenopxe ,stniop lamic

regetni dengis ylbissop a dna e esacrewol ro esacreppu na htiw deificeps era stnenopxE

.laretil

:slaretil ciremun dilav era gniwollof ehT �

E2.7 2e.7 2e7. 2e7 2E7 .27 27. 2.7 27 -2

x0 rehtie htiw tigid tsrif rieht gnidecerp yb mrof lamicedaxeh ni nettirw eb nac slaretil regetnI

.X0 ro

)‘( setouq elgnis rehtie yb detimiled sretcarahc erom ro orez fo ecneuqes a si laretil gnirts A

.)“( setouq elbuod ro

c edulcni nac slaretil gnirtS sa hcus ,secneuqes epacse htiw deificeps sretcarah \ dna n \ fI .t

elgnis lautca na tnaw uoy - ,setouq elgnis yb detimiled si taht laretil gnirts a ni retcarahc etouq

:hsalskcab a yb dedecerp eb tsum etouq elgnis deddebme eht

uoY„ \ I nosrep ylevol tsom eht er \‟ tem reve ev ‟

elbuod a ni deddebme eb nac etouq elbuod A - a htiw ti gnidecerp yb laretil gnirts detouq

kcab flesti eb tsum laretil gnirts yna ni retcarahc hsalskcab lautca nA .hsalskcab - ni sa ,dehsals

:elpmaxe gniwollof eht

:D“ \\ ”selifkoob

d on si erehT elgnis neewteb ecnereffi - elbuod dna detouq - .sgnirts laretil detouq

.“ ro‘‘ rehtie htiw detoned eb nac )sretcarahc on htiw gnirts a( gnirts llun ehT

.eulav on setacidni hcihw ,llun drow devreser eht si lluN epyt fo eulav ylno ehT

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 64

epyt fo eulav ylno ehT .denifednu si denifednU

.eslaf dna eurt era naelooB epyt fo seulav ylno ehT

.steppins edoc htiw dessecca dna ,deifidom ,detaerc era tpircsavaJ ni stcejbo woh nialpxE .5

( )skraM 80( enuJ - 4102 , naJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

rotcurtsnoc a ot llac a edulcni tsum hcihw ,noisserpxe wen a htiw detaerc netfo era stcejbO

taht seitreporp eht setaerc noisserpxe wen eht ni dellac si taht rotcurtsnoc ehT .dohtem

aerc rotarepo wen eht ,revewoh ,tpircSavaJ nI .tcejbo wen eht eziretcarahc knalb a set

tcejbo — .seitreporp on htiw eno ,si taht

:seitreporp on sah taht tcejbo na setaerc tnemetats gniwollof ehT

;)(tcejbO wen = tcejbo_ym rav

on htiw tcejbo wen eht swodne hcihw ,tcejbO fo taht si dellac rotcurtsnoc eht ,esac siht nI

,seitreporp .sdohtem detirehni emos ot ssecca evah seod ti hguohtla

edulcni tsum srotcurtsnoc ot sllaC .tcejbo wen eht secnerefer tcejbo_ym elbairav ehT

.sretemarap on era ereht fi neve ,sesehtnerap

eht si drow tsrif eht hcihw ni ,noitaton tod htiw dessecca eb nac tcejbo na fo seitreporp ehT

yeht ,selbairav ton era seitreporp esuaceB .eman ytreporp eht si dnoces eht dna eman tcejbo

.deralced reven era

bo lacipyt a ni ssalc a fo srebmem fo rebmun ehT tcej - elipmoc ta dexif si egaugnal detneiro

.cimanyd si tcejbo tpircSavaJ a ni seitreporp fo rebmun ehT .emit

A .tcejbo na morf deteled ro ot dedda eb nac seitreporp ,noitaterpretni gnirud emit yna tA

eulav a gningissa yb detaerc si tcejbo na rof ytreporp eht redisnoC .eman s’ytreporp taht ot

:elpmaxe gniwollof

;}”TVS ruotnoC“ :ledom ,”droF“ :ekam{ = rac_ym rav

.syaw owt ni dessecca eb nac seitreporP

;]”ekam“[rac_ym = 2porp rav ;ekam.rac_ym = 1porp rav 2porp dna 1porp selbairav eht

eulav eht evah htob .”droF“

:elpmaxe gniwollof eht ni sa ,eteled htiw deteled eb nac ytreporp A

;ledom.rac_ym eteled

rof ,tnemetats pool a sah tpircSavaJ - .tcejbo na fo seitreporp eht gnitsil rof tcefrep si taht ,ni

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 74

erp sretcarahcatem eht nialpxE .6 - .selpmaxe htiw ,tpircsavaJ ni sessalc retcarahc denifed

( )skraM 80( enuJ - 4102 )

:noituloS

.snrettap ni stxetnoc emos ni sgninaem laiceps evah taht sretcarahc era sretcarahcateM

retcarahcatem nrettap eht era gniwollof ehT :s

\ . ? + * $ ^ } { ] [ ) ( |

.hsalskcab a yb dedecerp yletaidemmi gnieb yb dehctam eb sevlesmeht nac sretcarahcateM

.enilwen tpecxe retcarahc yna sehctam doirep A

:elpmaxE /.wons/ ”dwons“ dna ,”ewons“ ,”ywons“ sehctam

:elpmaxE 3/ \ /4. .4.3 sehctam tub /4.3/ .srehto gnoma ,473 dna 4.3 hctam dluow

:elpmaxE ]cba[ ’c‘ & ’b‘ , ’a‘ sehctam

:elpmaxE a[ - ]h ’h‘ ot ’a‘ morf rettel esacrewol yna sehctam

:elpmaxE ]uoiea^[ ’u‘ & ’o‘ ,’i‘ ,’e‘ ,’a‘ tpecxe rettel esacrewol yna sehctam

a fo esrever tnirp dna etupmoc ot noitcnuf tpircSavaJ dna tnemucod LMTHX na etirW .7

.rebmun nevig ( )skraM 50( enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

ftu"=gnidocne "0.1"=noisrev lmx?< - >?"8

< " CILBUP lmth EPYTCOD! - "NE//1.1 LMTHX DTD//C3W//

>"dtd.11lmthx/DTD/11lmthx/RT/gro.3w.www//:ptth"

>"lmthx/9991/gro.3w.www//:ptth"=snlmx lmth<

>eltit/<b3 margorP baL>eltit< >daeh<

>"tpircsavaj/txet"=epyt tpircs<

{ )mun(psid noitcnuf

0[^/ = pxEahpla rav -9 ;/$+]

{ ))pxEahpla(hctam.eulav.mun!(fi

Page 48: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 84

;)"ciremun evitisop eb dluohs tupnI"(trela

;eslaf nruter

}

;)eulav.mun(rebmuN =n ,0=nr rav

{ )0=!n(elihw

;01%n = r

;)01/n(roolf.htaM = n

;r + 01*nr = nr

}

;)nr + " si esrever ni " + eulav.mun + " ehT"(trela

}

>tpircs/<

>daeh/<

>ydob<

>mrof<

>/'rebmun'=di txet=epyt tupni< : rebmun a retnE

kcilC"=eulav "))'rebmun'(dIyBtnemelEteg.tnemucod(psid"=kcilcno "nottub"=epyt tupni<

>lmth/< >ydob/< >mrof/< >/ "!em

.sroloc tnereffid evif dellebal snottub evif sah hcihw tpircs tpircsavaJ dna LMTHX etirW .8

etiruovaf nesoohc eht gnitrats egassem a ecudorp tsum snottub eseht rof reldnah tneve ehT

sohW .noitcnuf a sa detnemelpmi eb tsum reldnah tneve ehT .roloc tsum eman e ot dengissa

eb tsum roloc nesoohc ehT .tnemele nottub oidar eht fo etubirtta kcilcno eht eht ot tnes

hcihw ,trela ot llac a reggirt ot tneve kcilcno a esu retemarap a sa reldnah tneve

s eht fo noitpircsed feirb yalpsid dluohs .roloc detcele naJ( )skraM 80( - ,4102 enuJ - 4102 )

:noituloS

ftu" = gnidocne "0.1" = noisrev lmx?< - >?"8 " CILBUP lmth EPYTCOD!< - "NE//tcirtS 0.1 LMTHX DTD//C3W//

1lmthx/DTD/1lmthx/RT/gro.3w.www//:ptth" - >"dtd.tcirts !< -- 1.5 esicrexE ot noitulos A ltmh.15e - snottub oidar htiw stneve -- >

>"lmthx/9991/gro.3w.www//:ptth" = snlmx lmth< >eltit/< 1.5 esicrexE >eltit< >daeh<

>daeh/< >tpircs/< > "sj.15e" = crs "tpircsavaj/txet" = epyt tpircs< >ydob<

>4h/< roloc etirovaf ruoy esoohC >4h< >mrof<

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 94

< >lebal< = kcilCno "der" = eulav "nottuBroloc" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni >/ ")'der'(eciohCroloc"

>/ rb< >lebal/< deR = kcilCno "eulb" = eulav "nottuBroloc" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni< >lebal<

>/ ")'eulb'(eciohCroloc" >/ rb< >lebal/< eulB

epyt tupni< >lebal< = kcilCno "neerg" = eulav "nottuBroloc" = eman "oidar" = >/ rb< >lebal/< neerG >/ ")'neerg'(eciohCroloc"

= kcilCno "wolley" = eulav "nottuBroloc" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni< >lebal< >/ rb< >lebal/< wolleY >/ ")'wolley'(eciohCroloc"

= epyt tupni< >lebal< = kcilCno "egnaro" = eulav "nottuBroloc" = eman "oidar" >lebal/< egnarO >/ ")'egnaro'(eciohCroloc"

>lmth/< >ydob/< >mrof/< sj.15e // - // 1.5 esicrexE rof noitulos tpircSavaJ ehT

ehT // roloc nesohc eht tuoba egassem trela na ecudorp ot noitcnuf reldnah tneve { )roloc( eciohCroloc noitcnuf

{ )roloc( hctiws ;)"der si roloc etirovaf ruoY"(trela :"der" esac

;kaerb ;)"eulb si roloc etirovaf ruoY"(trela :"eulb" esac

;kaerb "neerg" esac ;)"neerg si roloc etirovaf ruoY"(trela :

;kaerb ;)"wolley si roloc etirovaf ruoY"(trela :"wolley" esac

;kaerb ;)"egnaro si roloc etirovaf ruoY"(trela :"egnaro" esac

;kaerb ;)"eciohCroloc noitcnuf tpircSavaJ ni rorrE"(trela :tluafed

;kaerb } }

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 05

TINU – 4

TPIRCSAVAJ gnisU MOD ,LMTHX & TPIRCSAVAJ

.tpircsavaJ ni ssecca tnemele LMTHX fo sehcaorppa tnereffid eht ssucsiD .1

)skraM 60( ( enuJ - 6102 3102 , , enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

Javasc tpir pr sedivo eht a ib lity for gett eht gni value fo an e mel e tn no a webpa eg as we ll a s

dynam ci ally changing the c htiw tnetno i n a n e el me .tn

Gett gni eht va fo eul an ele tnem

oT get eht va eul fo an e mel e ,tn eht ge lEt e em n dIyBt dohtem eht fo docu em nt jbo ect si

.desu F ro ht is dohtem ot get th v e a eul fo an e mel e ,tn taht e mel e tn has ot ha ev an di g ot nevi

i t thr uo g eht h di att tubir e.

Exa pm le:

<sc tpir type="text/ vaj asc tpir " >

uf ncti no ge eTt x (t ) {

//ac ec ss eht e el me tn htiw eht di ' et x nOt e' a dn get its va eul

//a ss ign ht is va eul to eht va ir a elb ht eTex t

var Teht ext od = c g.tnemu e melEt e tn ById(' et x nOt e') v. a ;eul

a el rt(" ehT et xt ni eht tex bt ox is " + Teht ex ;)t

}

< cs/ r pi t>

< tupni type=" et x "t di =" et x nOt e" >/

< tupni type=" tub ton" va eul ="Get et x no "t click="ge eTt x (t )" />

hC anging eht c no te iw tn t na nih e mel e tn

oT cha egn eht c tnetno htiw in an e mel e ,tn esu eht enni r TH M p L r po erty. isU ng ht i s

pr po erty, y uo co dlu re lp ac eht e et xt ni par ga ra ,shp h ae nid gs a dn hto er e el me stn based no

several ht ings such as a va eul eht user e etn rs ni a et x bt ox. F ro ht is pr po ert ot y chan eg eht

c tnetno htiw in an e mel e ,tn taht e mel e tn has h ot a ev an ' 'di g nevi ot ti uorht gh eht di

att tubir e.

Exa pm le:

Page 51: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 15

<sc tpir type="text/ vaj asc tpir " >

uf ncti no change hT eTex (t ){

//cha enni eht egn r TH M p L r po ert fo y eht e mel e tn esohw di si ' et x 't ot 'So si TH ML! '

od c g.tnemu e melEt e tn ById(' et xt' nni.) er TH M = L 'S si o TH ML!';

}

< cs/ r pi t>

< =di p " et xt >" Javasc tpir si c !loo < >p/

< tupni type=' tub t no 'no click='cha gn e hT eTex (t ) v ' a eul =' hC ange the et x 't >/

uoY ac n a osl change eht et x fo t e mel e sab stn e su no d e :tupni r

Exa pm le:

<sc tpir typ =e " et xt/ vaj asc tpir ">

nuf cti no changeIn Ttup ex (t ){

*/ change eht enni r TH M p L r po erty of the e mel e tn esohw di si ' Teht ex 't ot eht va eul

fr mo eht va ir a elb esu r Ts ex ihw t ch lliw ekat eht value fr mo eht e mel e tn hw o es di si

' su e Tsr ex 't /*

var esu r Ts ext od = c g.tnemu e melEt e tn ById(' esu rsText' v.) a ;eul

od c g.tnemu e melEt e tn ById(' Teht ext' ni.) nerHTML = esu rsTex ;t

}

< cs/ r pi t>

< =di p " eht Text >" tnE e r so em et x t ni t o eht textb xo a dn clic k eht tub tt no < >p/

< tupni type="tex "t =di " su e eTsr x "t >/ < rb >/

< tupni type=" tub ton" no click="changeI Ttupn ex (t ) v " a eul =" hC ange eht tex "t >/

2 .etubirtta daolno gnisu stnemele ydob morf stneve gnildnah ,elpmaxe na htiw ,nialpxE .

)skraM 40( ( enuJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

.daolnu dna daol era stnemele ydob yb detaerc netfo tsom stneve ehT fo elpmaxe tsrif ruo sA

fo ydob eht nehw egassem trela na gnicudorp fo esac elpmis eht redisnoc ew ,gnildnah tneve

yficeps ot >ydob< fo etubirtta daolno eht esu ew ,esac siht nI .dedaol neeb sah tnemucod eht

:reldnah tneve eht

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 25

aborp si tneve daolnu ehT punaelc emos od ot desu si tI .tneve daol eht naht lufesu erom ylb

roF .tnemucod wen emos ot no seog resu resworb eht nehw sa ,dedaolnu si tnemucod a erofeb

yb desolc eb dluoc wodniw taht ,wodniw resworb dnoces a denepo tnemucod eht fi ,elpmaxe

e daolnu na .reldnah tnev

3 .ledom tneve 2MOD rof noitcennoc reldnah tneve nialpxE . )skraM 01( ( enuJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

hcihw ,stnevE si seludom 2 MOD eht fo enO .ecafretni deziraludom a si ledom 2 MOD ehT

bus lareves sedulcni - desu ylnommoc tsom seno ehT .seludom dna stnevELMTH era

:swollof sa era seludom eseht yb denifed stneve dna secafretni ehT .stnevEesuoM

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 35

:NOITAGAPORP TNEVE

eht morf tnemucod LMTHX eht gniviecer no ,MOD sdnatsrednu hcihw resworb A

.eert tnemucod sa nwonk eert a setaerc ,revres

LMTH eht tpecxe tnemucod eht fo stnemele fo stsisnoc detcurtsnoc eert ehT

flesti tcejbo tnemucod si eert tnemucod eht fo toor ehT

eert eht fo edon eht mrof lliw stnemele rehto ehT

don tegrat sa nwonk si tneve na setareneg hcihw edon eht ,2MOD fo esac nI e

edon toor morf noitagaporp eht strats ti ,detareneg si tneve eht ecnO

si ti fi dna edon yna no sreldnah tneve yna era ereht fi ,noitagaporp eht gniruD

detucexe si reldnah tneve neht delbane

.edon tegrat eht sehcaer dna setagaporp rehtruf tneve ehT

hW detucexe steg reldnah tneve eht ,edon tegrat eht sehcaer reldnah tneve eht ne

er niaga si tneve eht ,noitucexe siht retfA - noitcerid drawkcab ni detagaporp

eb lliw ,delbane era hcihw sreldnah tneve yna era ereht fi ,noitagaporp siht gniruD

.detucexe

ehT tegrat eht ro edon fael eht sdrawot edon toor eht morf neve eht fo noitagaporp

sa nwonk si edon .esahp gnirutpac

sa nwonk si edon tegrat eht no reldnah tneve eht fo noitucexe ehT .esahp noitucexe

MOD ni msinahcem gnildnah tneve ot ralimis si esahp sihT – 0

sa nwonk si edon tegrat eht morf ro fael eht morf tneve eht fo noitagaporp ehT

esahp gnilbbub

tneve daolnu dna daol :xe rof delbbub eb tonnac stneve llA

eb ot sah noitagaporp pots neht ,tneve na fo noitagaporp eht pots ot stnaw resu fI

.detucexe

VE :NOITARTSIGER TNE

sa nwonk IPA na gnisu deretsiger teg stneve eht ,2MOD fo esac nI renetsiLtnevEdda

sucof ,rulb ,egnahc ,kcilc :xE .emaNtneve eht si gra tsrif ehT

na si ereht nehw detucexe eb ot sah taht noitcnuf reldnah tneve eht si gra dnoces ehT

neve t

eulav eslaf ro eurt a ekat rehtie nac taht tnemugra naelooB a si gra driht ehT

esahp gnirutpac ni delbane si reldnah tneve snaem ti ,eurt si eulav eht fI

edon tegrat ta delbane si reldnah tneve neht ,)eslaf( ffo fi eulav tneve eht fI

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 45

ehT .noitcnuf reldnahtneve ot tcejbo tneve nruter lliw dohtem renetsiLtnevEdda ehT

”tnevE“ drowyek eht gnisu dessecca eb nac tcejbo tneve

ni derots eb lliw tneve detareneg taht edon eht fo sserdda ehT tegrat tnerruc hcihw ,

fo ytreporp si tcejbo tneve

NA LEDOM TNEVE 2 MOD EHT FO ELPMAXE

morf tpircs sj.rotadilav dna tnemucod lmth.rotadilav eht fo noisiver a si elpmaxe txen ehT

2 MOD eht sesu noisrev siht esuaceB .ledom tneve 0 MOD eht desu hcihw ,elpmaxe suoiverp

.8EI htiw krow ton seod ti ,ledom tneve

/ lmth.2rotadilav/

>lmth<

>eltit/<2 MOD htiw noitadilav tupni mrof etartsullI>eltit< >daeh<

>daeh/< >tpircs/< >"sj.2rotadilav" = crs "tpircsavaj/txet" = epyt tpircs<

>""=noitca mrof< >3h/<sliated ruoy retne>3h< >ydob<

c"=di "txet"=epyt tupni<>lebal< >p< >/"emaNtsu

>rb<>/rb<>lebal/<)laitini elddim ,eman tsrif ,eman tsal(emaN

ddd( enohP>/"enohPtsuc"=di "txet"=epyt tupni<>lebal< - >lebal/<)dddddddd

>/"nottuBtimbus"=di "timbus"=epyt tupni< >/ "teser"=epyt tupni< >rb<>/rb<

>mrof/< >p/<

aj/txet" = epyt tpircs< >/"sj.r2rotadilav" = crs "tpircsav

>lmth/< >ydob/<

sj.2rotadilav//

{ )tneve(emaNkhc noitcnuf

;tegraTtnerruc.tneve = emaNym rav

A[^/(hcraes.eulav.emaNym = sop rav - a[]Z - A[? ,+]z - a[]Z - A[? ,+]z - ]Z \ ;)/$?.

{ )0 =! sop(fi

m + "( deretne uoy eman ehT"(trela .mrof tcerroc eht ni ton si )" + eulav.emaNy \ ehT" + "n

tsal" + " :si mrof tcerroc - tsrif ,eman - elddim ,eman - laitini \ ruoy xif dna og esaelP" + "n

;)"eman

;)(sucof.emaNym

;)(tceles.emaNym

}

}

{ )tneve(enohPkhc noitcnuf

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 55

rav ;tegraTtnerruc.tneve = enohPym

^/(hcraes.eulav.enohPym = sop rav \ }3{d -\ ;)/$}8{d

{ )0 =! sop(fi

.mrof tcerroc eht ni ton si )" + eulav.enohPym + "( deretne uoy enohp ehT"(trela \ ehT" + "n

ddd" + " :si mrof tcerroc - dddddddd \ p ruoy xif dna og esaelP" + "n ;)"rebmun enoh

;)(sucof.enohPym

;)(tceles.enohPym

}

}

sj.r2rotadilav//

;)"emaNtsuc"(dIyBtnemelEteg.tnemucod = c rav

;)"enohPtsuc"(dIyBtnemelEteg.tnemucod = p rav

;)eslaf,emaNkhc,"egnahc"(renetsiLtnevEdda.c

(renetsiLtnevEdda.p ;)eslaf,enohPkhc,"egnahc"

4 .ytreporp noitisop eht fo seulav elbissop eerht eht neewteb secnereffid eht lla ebircseD .

( )skraM 70( naJ - ,4102 enuJ - 6102 , naJ - 6102 , enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

teehS elytS gnidacsaC – SSC( gninoitisoP - .3XF dna 8EI yb detroppus yletelpmoc si )P

a fo yalpsid eht ni erehwyna tnemele yna noitisop ot ylno ton snaem eht sedivorp tI

,yllacimanyd yalpsid eht ni noitisop wen a ot tnemele na evom ot osla tub ,tnemucod

isu .tnemele eht fo seitreporp elyts gninoitisop eht egnahc ot tpircSavaJ gn

eht etatcid ,pot dna tfel deman yletairporppa era hcihw ,seitreporp elyts esehT

ot si tnemele eht erehw ot tniop ecnerefer emos fo pot dna tfel eht morf ecnatsid

.raeppa

fo level rehgih a edivorp ot pot dna tfel htiw stcaretni ,noitisop ,ytreporp elyts rehtonA

.stnemele fo tnemevom dna tnemecalp fo lortnoc

.citats dna ,evitaler ,etulosba :seulav elbissop eerht sah ytreporp noitisop ehT

GNINOITISOP ETULOSBA

etulosba ehT a ta decalp eb ot si tnemele eht nehw noitisop rof deificeps si eulav

rehto fo snoitisop eht ot drager tuohtiw yalpsid tnemucod eht ni ecalp cificeps

.stnemele

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 65

fo hpargarap a revo txet laiceps esopmirepus ot si gninoitisop etulosba fo esu enO

xet yranidro .repap no kramretaw a ot ralimis tceffe na etaerc ot t

thgil a ni ,tnof dezicilati regral A - dluoc ,srettel eht neewteb ecaps htiw dna roloc yarg

eb ot txet laiceps eht dna txet yranidro eht htob gniwolla ,txet laiceps eht rof desu eb

.elbigel

h.soPsba// lmt

>lmth<

>eltit/<gninoitisoP etulosbA>eltit<

>"ssc/txet" = epyt elyts<

tnof { txetger. - tnof ;airbmaC :ylimaf - } ;xp009 :htdiw ;tp02:ezis

tnof ;xp001:tfel ;xp52:pot ;etulosba:noitisop { txetsba. - tnof ;namrekoj :ylimaf - ;tp03:ezis

0#:roloc ;xp005 :htdiw rettel ;dc000 - } ;me1 :gnicaps

>daeh/< >elyts/<

>ydob<

yb detsoh wohs ziuq emitemirp adannaK a si ihtapihdaytoK adadannaK >"txetger"=ssalc p<

reve wohs emag tseggib eht si sihT .ramukjaR teenuP .rM amenic adannaK fo rats rewop eht

.noisiveleT adannaK no eht sevig wohs sihT .VT anravuS no deria eb lliw wohs sihT

adannaK a si ihtapidaytoK adadannaK .erorc 1 sR niw ot ytinutroppo na nam nommoc

no ramukjaR hteenuP lodi eenitam yb detsoh wohs amard namuh dna ziuq emitemirp

i etapicitrap stnatsetnoC .VT anravuS .erorc 1 .sR ot pu niw ot meht swolla taht emag a n

trohS - morF .emag niam eht ot ti ekam ot dnuor ’tsriF regniF tsetsaF‘ a yalp stnatsetnoc detsil

fo stnuoma rehgih gninniw dna ,ytluciffid fo slevel gnisaercni htiw sdnuor yalp yeht ,no ereht

animluc ,yenom deweiv gnivah emit yna ta pots nac stnatsetnoC .ezirp erorc 1 .sR eht ni gnit

hgih fo dlrow eht ot emocleW .no yalp dna 'enilefiL' a fo liava nac yeht rO .noitseuq txen eht

>p/< !itaperorc eht fo dlrow eht ot emocleW !sllirht dna sllihc sekats

a"=ssalc p< >p/< RAMUKJAR HTEENUP RATS REWOP >"txetsb

>lmth/< >ydob/<

GNINOITISOP EVITALER

dna pot yficeps ton seod tub ,evitaler ot tes ytreporp noitisop eht sah taht tnemele nA

ton erew etubirtta noitisop eht fi sa tnemucod eht ni decalp si ,seulav ytreporp tfel tes

.lla ta

.retal devom eb nac tnemele na hcus ,revewoH

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 75

eht yb tnemele eht ecalpsid yeht ,seulav nevig era seitreporp tfel dna pot eht fI

.decalp neeb evah dluow ti erehw noitisop eht morf tnuoma deificeps

eht dna tnemele rehtona edisni tnemele denoitisop yletulosba na fo esac eht htob nI

eht ecalpsid tfel dna pot fo seulav evitagen ,tnemele denoitisop ylevitaler a fo esac

.ylevitcepser ,tfel eht ot dna drawpu tnemele

a rof desu eb nac gninoitisop evitaleR .stnemele gnicalp ni stceffe laiceps fo yteirav

lmth.soPler//

>lmth<

>daeh/<>eltit/<gninoitisoP evitaleR>eltit<>daeh<

>ydob<

tnof ;xp01:pot ;evitaler :noitisop" = elyts naps< eht ma I >p< - tnof ;airbmaC :ylimaf -

tnof ;xp52:ezis - up :roloc ;cilati :elyts TISNR fo >naps/< YRATERCES LARUTLUC >";elpr

>lmth/< >ydob/< >p/<

GNINOITISOP CITATS

decalp si tnemele denoitisop yllacitats A .citats si ytreporp noitisop eht rof eulav tluafed ehT

erew tfel ro pot rof seulav on tub evitaler fo eulav noitisop eht dah ti fi sa tnemucod eht ni

ac tnemele denoitisop yllacitats a taht si ecnereffid ehT .nevig tfel ro pot sti evah tonn

eb tonnac tnemele decalp yllacitats a ,eroferehT .retal degnahc ro tes yllaitini seitreporp

.retal noitisop taht morf devom eb tonnac dna noitisop lamron sti morf decalpsid

5 ytilibisiv tnemele nialpxE . )skraM 30( ( enuJ - 6102 , naJ - 6102 , enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

ytilibisiv rieht fo eulav eht htiw neddih ro elbisiv eb ot deificeps eb nac stnemele tnemucoD

.ytreporp

.neddih dna elbisiv ,yllarutan etiuq ,era ytilibisiv rof seulav elbissop owt ehT

hguorht resu eht yb dellortnoc eb nac tnemele na fo ecnaraeppasid ro ecnaraeppa ehT

.tegdiw a

lmth.ediHwohs//

>lmth<

>eltit/<lortnoC ytilibisiV>eltit< >daeh<

>"sj.ediHwohs"=crs "tpircsavaj/txet"=epyt tpircs<

>daeh/< >tpircs/<

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 85

>ydob<

>""=noitca mrof<

>";elbisiv :ytilibisiv ;evitaler:noitisop"=elyts "tisnr"=di vid<

9002 ESI TISNR" = tla "gpj.OTOHP SSALC" = crs gmi< - >vid/< >/ "3102

>p/<>/ ")(gamIpilf" = kcilcno "tisnR elggoT"=eulav "nottub"=epyt tupni<>rb<>p<

>mrof/<

>ydob/<

>lmth/<

sj.ediHwohs//

{ )(gamIpilf noitcnuf

;elyts.)"tisnr"(dIyBtnemelEteg.tnemucod=mod

)"elbisiv" == ytilibisiv.mod(fi

;"neddih" = ytilibisiv.mod

esle

;"elbisiv" = ytilibisiv.mod

}

6 tnetnoc cimanyd nialpxe ,tpircs avaj htiw cod LMTHX fo elpmaxe na htiW .

)skraM 01( ( enuJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

TNETNOC CIMANYD

.tnetnoc cimanyd fo esu eno setartsulli taht elpmaxe na poleved won eW

txet detaicossa na htiw dedivorp eb nac mrof a tuo gnillif resu resworb a ot ecnatsissA

.xob pleh a dellac netfo ,aera

esuom eht fo tnemecalp eht no gnidneped ,egnahc nac xob pleh eht fo tnetnoc ehT

.rosruc

yalpsid nac xob pleh eht ,dleif tupni ralucitrap a revo decalp si rosruc eht nehW

.ni dellif eb ot si dleif eht woh no ecivda

i na morf yawa devom si rosruc eht nehW ot degnahc eb nac tnetnoc xob pleh eht ,dleif tupn

.elbaliava si ecnatsissa taht etacidni ylpmis

si xob pleh eht ni deyalpsid eb nac taht segassem fo yarra na ,elpmaxe txen eht nI

.tpircSavaJ ni denifed

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 95

dleif tupni na revo decalp si rosruc esuom eht nehW ot desu si tneve revoesuom eht ,

eulav etairporppa eht ot tnetnoc xob pleh eht segnahc taht noitcnuf reldnah a llac

.noitcnuf reldnah eht ot tnes retemarap a htiw deificeps si eulav etairporppa ehT

eht fo egnahc eht reggirt ot desu si tneve tuoesuom ehT kcab xob pleh eht fo tnetnoc

.eulav ”dradnats“ eht ot

lmth.eulaVnyd//

>lmth<

>eltit/<seulaV cimanyD>eltit< >daeh<

>tpircs/< >"sj.eulaVnyd" = crs "tpircsavaj/txet" = epyt tpircs<

>daeh/<

>ydob<

>""=noitca mrof<

tnof" = elyts p< - >"dlob :thgiew

< tnof" = elyts naps - >rb< >naps/< noitamrofnI remotsuC >"cilati :elyts

")4(segassem"=tuoesuomno ")0(segassem"=revoesuomno "txet"=epyt tupni< :emaN>lebal<

>rb< >lebal/< >/

")4(segassem"=tuoesuomno ")1(segassem"=revoesuomno "txet"=epyt tupni< :liamE>lebal<

/ >rb<>rb<>rb< >lebal/< >

tnof" = elyts naps< - :noitamrofni gniwollof eht edivorp ,tnuocca na etaerc oT >"cilati:elyts

>rb<>rb< >naps/<

")2(segassem"=revoesuomno "txet"=epyt tupni< :DI resU>lebal<

>rb< >lebal/< >/ ")4(segassem"=tuoesuomno

:drowssaP>lebal< ")3(segassem"=revoesuomno "txet"=epyt tupni<

>rb< >lebal/< >/ ")4(segassem"=tuoesuomno

;xp052:tfel ;etulosba:noitisop"=elyts "05"=sloc "3"=swor "xoBecivda"=di aeratxet<

esuom eht tuP .egap siht no mrof eht tuo gnillif no ecivda sedivorp xob sihT >"xp0:pot rosruc

>aeratxet/< .ecivda teg ot dleif tupni yna revo

>rb<>rb<

>/ "timbuS"=eulav "timbus"=epyt tupni<

>/ "teseR"=eulav "teser"=epyt tupni<

>lmth/< >ydob/< >mrof/< >p/<

sj.eulaVnyd//

rav :mrof eht ni eb tsum eman ruoY"[ = srepleh \ ,"eman tsal ,.laitini elddim ,eman tsrif n

:mrof eht evah tsum sserdda liame ruoY" \ tsael ta evah tsum DI resu ruoY" ,"niamod@resu

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 06

lif no ecivda sedivorp xob sihT" ,"tigid eno edulcni tsum ti dna sretcarahc xis eht tuo gnil

]"ecivda teg ot dleif tupni yna revo rosruc esuom eht tuP .egap siht no mrof

)rebmuNecivda(segassem noitcnuf

{

;]rebmuNecivda[srepleh=eulav.)"xoBecivda"(dIyBtnemelEteg.tnemucod

}

.elpmaxe na htiw ,tcejbo rotagivaN nialpxE .7 naJ( )skraM 40( - )4102

:noituloS

.tnemucod LMTHX eht weiv ot desu gnieb si resworb hcihw setacidni tcejbo rotagivan ehT

eht fo noisrev ehT .tcejbo eht fo ytreporp emaNppa eht ni derots si eman s’resworb ehT

wolla seitreporp esehT .tcejbo eht fo ytreporp noisreVppa eht ni derots si resworb tpircs eht

.resworb taht ot etairporppa sessecorp esu ot dna desu gnieb si resworb hcihw enimreted ot

resworb eht yalpsid ot tsuj esac siht ni ,rotagivan fo esu eht setartsulli elpmaxe gniwollof ehT

:rebmun noisrev dna eman

elif lmth.etagivan//

>lmth<

>eltit/<rotagivaN>eltit< >daeh<

>tpircs/< >"sj.etagivan" = crs "tpircsavaj/txet" = epyt tpircs<

>daeh/<

>")(seitreporPvan" = daolno ydob<

>lmth/< >ydob/<

elif sj.etagivan//

{ )(seitreporPvan noitcnuf

" + emaNppa.rotagivan + " :si resworb eht"(trela \ + " :si rebmun noisrev eht" + "n

" + noisreVppa.rotagivan \ ;)"n

}

wolley ,neerg ,eulb ,der dellebal ,snottub oidar evif etaerc ot LMTHX ni margorp a etirW .8

nesohc eht gnitats egassem ecudorp tsum snottub eseht rof sreldnah tneve ehT .egnaro dna

tneve eht ngissA .noitcnuf a sa detnemelpmi eb tsum reldnah tnevE ehT .roloc etiruovaf

.tnemele nottub eht fo ytreporp tneve eht ot reldnah ( )skraM 01( enuJ - 4102 )

:noituloS

ftu" = gnidocne "0.1" = noisrev lmx?< - >?"8

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 16

< " CILBUP lmth EPYTCOD! - "NE//tcirtS 0.1 LMTHX DTD//C3W//

1lmthx/DTD/1lmthx/RT/gro.3w.www//:ptth" - >"dtd.tcirts

!< -- 1.5 esicrexE ot noitulos A ltmh.15e - snottub oidar htiw stneve -- >

>"lmthx/9991/gro.3w.www//:ptth" = snlmx lmth<

5 esicrexE >eltit< >daeh< >eltit/< 1.

>daeh/< >tpircs/< > "sj.15e" = crs "tpircsavaj/txet" = epyt tpircs<

>ydob<

>4h/< roloc etirovaf ruoy esoohC >4h<

>mrof<

= kcilCno "der" = eulav "nottuBroloc" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni< >lebal<

>/ ")'der'(eciohCroloc"

>/ rb< >lebal/< deR

= kcilCno "eulb" = eulav "nottuBroloc" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni< >lebal<

>/ ")'eulb'(eciohCroloc"

>/ rb< >lebal/< eulB

= kcilCno "neerg" = eulav "nottuBroloc" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni< >lebal<

>/ rb< >lebal/< neerG >/ ")'neerg'(eciohCroloc"

ebal< = kcilCno "wolley" = eulav "nottuBroloc" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni< >l

>/ rb< >lebal/< wolleY >/ ")'wolley'(eciohCroloc"

= kcilCno "egnaro" = eulav "nottuBroloc" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni< >lebal<

>lebal/< egnarO >/ ")'egnaro'(eciohCroloc"

/< >mrof/< >lmth/< >ydob

sj.15e // - // 1.5 esicrexE rof noitulos tpircSavaJ ehT

roloc nesohc eht tuoba egassem trela na ecudorp ot noitcnuf reldnah tneve ehT //

{ )roloc( eciohCroloc noitcnuf

{ )roloc( hctiws

;)"der si roloc etirovaf ruoY"(trela :"der" esac

rb ;kae

;)"eulb si roloc etirovaf ruoY"(trela :"eulb" esac

;kaerb

;)"neerg si roloc etirovaf ruoY"(trela :"neerg" esac

;kaerb

;)"wolley si roloc etirovaf ruoY"(trela :"wolley" esac

;kaerb

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 26

;)"egnaro si roloc etirovaf ruoY"(trela :"egnaro" esac

;kaerb

;)"eciohCroloc noitcnuf tpircSavaJ ni rorrE"(trela :tluafed

;kaerb

}

}

.setubirtta gat rieht dna stneve desu ylnommoc tsom eht tsiL ?tneve na si tahW .9

( )skraM 01( naJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

tie ,derrucco sah cificeps gnihtemos taht noitacifiton a si tneve nA hcus ,resworb eht htiw reh

a sa hcus ,noitca resu resworb a fo esuaceb ro ,tnemucod a fo gnidaol eht fo noitelpmoc eht sa

.nottub mrof a no kcilc esuom

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 36

nottub dna stnemele nottub dna stnemele ydob morf gnildnah tneve eht ssucsid ylfeirB .01

.tpircS avaJ ni stnemele ( )skraM 01( naJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

fo elpmaxe tsrif ruo sA .daolnu dna daol era stnemele ydob yb detaerc netfo tsom stneve ehT

c elpmis eht redisnoc ew ,gnildnah tneve fo ydob eht nehw egassem trela na gnicudorp fo esa

yficeps ot >ydob< fo etubirtta daolno eht esu ew ,esac siht nI .dedaol neeb sah tnemucod eht

:reldnah tneve eht

emos od ot desu si tI .tneve daol eht naht lufesu erom ylbaborp si tneve daolnu ehT punaelc

roF .tnemucod wen emos ot no seog resu resworb eht nehw sa ,dedaolnu si tnemucod a erofeb

yb desolc eb dluoc wodniw taht ,wodniw resworb dnoces a denepo tnemucod eht fi ,elpmaxe

.reldnah tneve daolnu na

STNEMELE NOTTUB MORF STNEVE GNILDNAH

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 46

snottuB eht morf tupni elpmis tcelloc ot yaw evitceffe na edivorp tnemucod beW a ni

lmth.kcilc_oidar// :elpmaxE .resu resworb

>eltit/<lmth.kcilc_oidar >eltit< >daeh< >lmth<

>daeh/< >tpircs/< >"sj.kcilc_oidar" = crs "tpircsavaj/txet" = epyt tpircs<

>4h< >ydob< >4h/<yrtsudnI mliF adannaK ni rotceriD etiruovaf ruoy esoohC

>" " = noitca "mroFym" = di mrof<

>lebal< >p<

jaragoY >/")1(eciohCd" = kcilcno "1" = eulav "nottuBd" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni<

>/rb<>lebal/<tahB

nottuBd" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni<>lebal< >/")2(eciohCd" = kcilcno "2" = eulav "

>/rb<>lebal/<iruS

uruG >/")3(eciohCd" = kcilcno "3" = eulav "nottuBd" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni<>lebal<

>/rb<>lebal/<dasarP

>/")4(eciohCd" = kcilcno "4" = eulav "nottuBd" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni<>lebal<

hsakarP >p/< >lebal/<

>lmth/< >ydob/< >mrof/<

sj.kcilc_oidar//

{ )hc(eciohCd noitcnuf

{ )hc(hctiws

;)"elaM uraagnuM"(trela :1 esac

;kaerb

;)"ayinuD"(trela :2 esac

;kaerb

;)"ahtanujnaM uleddE"(trela :3 esac

;kaerb

;)"analiM"(trela :4 esac

;kaerb

luafed ;)"O: eciohc dilavnI..spooO"(trela :t

;kaerb

}

}

,lmth.kcilc_oidar fo taht sa emas eht si esoprup esohw ,lmth.2kcilc_oidar ,elpmaxe txen ehT

eht fo seitreporp tneve eht ot reldnah eht fo eman eht gningissa yb reldnah tneve eht sretsiger

selif eerht sesu elpmaxe gniwollof ehT .stcejbo nottub oidar — rof eno rof eno ,LMTHX eht

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 56

:sreldnah eht retsiger ot tpircs eht rof eno dna ,sreldnah tneve eht rof tpircs eht

lmth.2kcilc_oidar//

>lmth<

>daeh<

>eltit/<lmth.2kcilc_oidar >eltit<

>daeh/< >tpircs/< >"sj.2kcilc_oidar" = crs "tpircsavaj/txet" = epyt tpircs<

< >4h/<yrtsudnI mliF adannaK ni rotceriD etiruovaf ruoy esoohC >4h< >ydob

>" " = noitca "mroFym" = di mrof<

>p<

jaragoY >/"1" = di "1" = eulav "nottuBd" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni<>lebal<

>/rb<>lebal/<tahB

v "nottuBd" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni<>lebal< >/rb<>lebal/<iruS >/"2" = di "2" = eula

uruG >/"3" = di "3" = eulav "nottuBd" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni<>lebal<

>/rb<>lebal/<dasarP

>p/< >lebal/<hsakarP >/"4" = di "4" = eulav "nottuBd" = eman "oidar" = epyt tupni<>lebal<

>mrof/<

j/txet" = epyt tpircs< >lmth/< >ydob/< >tpircs/< >"sj.r2kcilc_oidar" = crs "tpircsava

sj.2kcilc_oidar//

{ )hc(eciohCd noitcnuf

;)"mroFym"(dIyBtnemelEteg.tnemucod = mod rav

{ )++xedni ;htgnel.nottuBd.mod < xedni ;0 = xedni rav(rof

{ )dekcehc.]xedni[nottuBd.mod(fi

Bd.mod = hc ;eulav.]xedni[nottu

;kaerb

}

}

{ )hc(hctiws

;)"elaM uraagnuM"(trela :1 esac

;kaerb

;)"ayinuD"(trela :2 esac

;kaerb

;)"ahtanujnaM uleddE"(trela :3 esac

;kaerb

;)"analiM"(trela :4 esac

Page 66: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 66

;kaerb

;)"O: eciohc dilavnI..spooO"(trela :tluafed

;kaerb

}

}

sj.r2kcilc_oidar//

;)"mroFym"(dIyBtnemelEteg.tnemucod = mod rav

;eciohCd = kcilcno.)"2"(dIyBtnemelEteg.mod ;eciohCd = kcilcno.)"1"(dIyBtnemelEteg.mod

;eciohCd = kcilcno.)"4"(dIyBtnemelEteg.mod ;eciohCd = kcilcno.)"3"(dIyBtnemelEteg.mod

wt era erehT ni meht gniretsiger revo seitreporp sa sreldnah gniretsiger ot segatnavda o

.setubirtta LMTHX

o avaJ dna LMTHX peek ot doog si ti ,tsriF - sihT .tnemucod eht ni detarapes tpircS

ngised renaelc a ni gnitluser ,stnemucod LMTHX fo noitaziraludom fo dnik a swolla taht

.niatniam ot reisae eb lliw

o rof swolla ytreporp a fo eulav eht sa deretsiger noitcnuf reldnah eht gnivah ,dnoceS

.esu gnirud noitcnuf eht gnignahc fo ytilibissop eht

etartsulli ot margorp a etirW ?LMTHX/tpircSavaJ ni enod stnemele fo gnikcats woH .11

.segami fo gnikcats cimanyd ( )skraM 80( naJ - 6102 , enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

STNEMELE GNIKCATS

t wolla seitreporp tfel dna pot ehT owt eht ni erehwyna tnemele na fo tnemecalp eh

.tnemucod a fo yalpsid eht fo snoisnemid

driht a fo tceffe eht ,snoisnemid lacisyhp owt ot detcirtser si yalpsid eht hguohtlA

taht sa hcus ,stnemele dekcats fo tpecnoc elpmis eht hguorht elbissop si noisnemid

.secafretni resu lacihparg ni swodniw kcats ot desu

si eno ,tnemucod eht ni ecaps emas eht ypucco nac stnemele elpitlum hguohtlA

.deyalpsid si dna pot no eb ot deredisnoc

.desopmirepus si ti hcihw no stnemele rewol eht fo strap eht sedih tnemele pot ehT

z eht yb dellortnoc si noisnemid driht siht ni stnemele fo tnemecalp ehT - xedni

.tnemele eht fo etubirtta

z esohw tnemele nA - eb lliw ecaps emas eht ni tnemele na fo taht naht retaerg si xedni

emele eht gnidih ylevitceffe ,tnemele rehto eht revo deyalpsid z rellams eht htiw tn -

.eulav xedni

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 76

z eht htiw detaicossa ytreporp elyts tpircSavaJ ehT - .xednIz si etubirtta xedni

lmth.kcats//

> lmth<

>eltit/<shpargaraP gnikcatS>eltit<>daeh<

>"ssc/txet"=epyt elyts<

redrob { 1arap. dnuorgkcab ;xp081:htdiw ;ni1 :gniddap ;0C0C0C# kciht dilos : -

z ;ni4:tfel ;xp07:pot ;etulosba:noitisop ;etihw:roloc ;0D0000#:roloc - } ;1:xedni

dnuorgkcab ;xp081:htdiw ;ni1 :gniddap ;000808# kciht dilos :redrob { 2arap. - ;der:roloc

losba:noitisop ;etihw:roloc z ;ni5:tfel ;xp501:pot ;etu - } ;2:xedni

dnuorgkcab ;xp081:htdiw ;ni1 :gniddap ;ffff00# kciht dilos :redrob { 3arap. - ;neerg:roloc

z ;ni6:tfel ;xp041:pot ;etulosba:noitisop ;etihw:roloc - } ;3:xedni

tnof { yalpsid. - txet ;eulb:roloc ;tp52:ezis - } ;retnec:ngila

dnuorgkcab{revoh:p - tnof;)051,002,052(bgr:roloc - ;};etihw:roloc;xp52:ezis

>elyts/<

>"tpircsavaj/txet"=epyt tpircs<

;"1kcats"=1kcats rav

{ )kcatSruc(evom noitcnuf

;elyts.)1kcats(dIyBtnemelEteg.tnemucod=kcatSdlo rav

;"0"=xednIz.kcatSdlo

od=kcatSwen rav ;elyts.)kcatSruc(dIyBtnemelEteg.tnemuc

;"01"=xednIz.kcatSwen

;di.)kcatSruc(dIyBtnemelEteg.tnemucod=1kcats

}

>tpircs/<

>daeh/<

>ydob<

>2h/<rehto hcae fo pot no shpargaraP fo gnikcatS>"yalpsid"=ssalc 2h<

evom"=revoesuomno "1kcats"=di "1arap"=ssalc p< >")'1kcats'( eno hpargaraP >p/<

>")'2kcats'(evom"=revoesuomno "2kcats"=di "2arap"=ssalc p< owT hpargaraP >p/<

>")'3kcats'(evom"=revoesuomno "3kcats"=di "3arap"=ssalc p< eerhT hpargaraP >p/<

>lmth/< >ydob/<

Page 68: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 86

TINU – 5

LMX OT NOITCUDORTNI

1 DTD ni sdrowyek elbissop ruof era tahW ?DTD fo esoprup eht si tahW . naJ etirW ?noitaral

.tamrof rieht )skraM 50( ( naJ - ,4102 enuJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

A DTD si a set fo ts ruc rut al lur e s ac lled dec al ar ti .sno hT e es lur es sp ce ify a set

fo e mel e ola ,stn ng htiw woh a hw dn e er ht ey ac n app ae a ni r doc tnemu

• Pur :esop pr edivo a sta dn a dr of rm rof a c lo el cti no fo XML od c emu n st an de enif

am a r al puk nguage rof ht e .m

D • T p D r edivo e tn ity def ni iti .no

• Wit D h T ,D a lpp i ac ti d no eve pol me s eb dluow tn i pm le .r

toN • a ll XML docu nem t ah s ve en ro e a d D DT

<!key ow rd > …

hT e er a ruof er ssop i elb d ce al rati k no ey ow r :sd

EL ME E ,TN ATTLIS ,T NE TI ,YT a dn NO AT TION

<!EL EME NT e mel e _tn na em (li ts o f c ih l n d a sem )>

<!ATTLIST e mel e n_tn a em att tubir e n_ a em att ir b _etu ty ep [defa tlu

v_ a eul ] eroM > eno naht att etubir

< ! TA TLIST e mel e n_tn a em att tubir e n_ a 1em attri _etub ty ep

defa lu t v_ alue_ 1 att tubir e n_ a 2 em att ubir te_type defa lu t v_ a 2_eul

>…

<!ENTIT Y [%] e tn ity_na em "e tn ity v_ a ul e >"

2 esoprup eht si tahW . .elpmaxe na htiw nialpxE ?noitces atad retcarahc fo

)skraM 50( ( enuJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

sa sraeppa ot sretimiled pukram sa desu sretcarahc wolla ot si seititne fo esu eht fo enO

sevlesmeht

noitces ATADC ni decalp yllamron era secnerefer ytitne ehT

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 96

:xatnyS [ATADC[ !< tnetnoc > ] ]

fo daetsni ,elpmaxe roF

:desu eb dluoc gniwollof eht .;tl&;tl&;tl& ereh ;tg&;tg&;tg& si enil eht fo drow tsal ehT

>]]<<< ereh >>> si enil eht fo drow tsal ehT[ATADC[!<

3 .sepyt atad amehcs LMX denifed resu fo seirogetac owt eht nialpxE .

)skraM 40( ( enuJ - ,6102 naJ - 5102 enuJ , - 4102 )

:noituloS

resu fo seirogetac owt era erehT - .xelpmoc dna elpmis :sepyt atad amehcs denifed

.1 si tnetnoc esohw epyt atad a si epyt atad elpmis A epyt elpmis A .sgnirts ot detcirtser

.stnemele detsen edulcni ro setubirtta evah tonnac

.2 .stnemele dlihc sa sepyt atad rehto edulcni dna setubirtta evah nac epyt xelpmoc A

SEPYT ELPMIS

.gat tnemele eht htiw amehcs LMX na ni denifed era stnemelE

dsx< >/ ”gnirts:dsx“ = epyt ”enigne“ = eman tnemele:

SEPYT XELPMOC

na fo tnetnoc eht era taht stnemele ehT .gat epyTxelpmoc eht htiw denifed era sepyt xelpmoC

tnemele - ,eciohc a ,puorg deredronu na ,puorg deredro na ni deniatnoc eb tsum tnemele ylno

deman a ro .stnemele fo puorg deredro na niatnoc ot desu si tnemele ecneuqes ehT .puorg

:elpmaxE

4 .s'DTD revo amehcs LMX fo segatnavda eht noitneM . )skraM 60( ( enuJ - 6102 naJ , - 4102 )

:noituloS

si samehcs LMX tnemucod eht fo erutcurts eht enifed ot desu era samehcs .e.i DTD ot ralimis

:segatnavdasid lareves dah sDTD

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 07

nu saw DTD eht fo xatnys ehT - desylana eb tonnac yeht erofereht ,LMX ot detaler

rossecorp LMX na htiw

t sremmargorp eht rof tluciffid yrev saw tI sexatnys fo sepyt tnereffid 2 htiw laed o

sa deificeps era meht fo llA .gat eht fo tnetnoc fo epytatad eht troppus ton seod sDTD

txet

a morf ,yralubacov a ro ,sgat fo noitcelloc a fo esu eht htiw nettirw era sevlesmeht samehcS

ceffe ni ,si taht ecapseman si ecapseman siht fo eman ehT .samehcs fo amehcs a ,t

.amehcSLMX/1002/gro.3w.www//:ptth

sraeppa noitacificeps ecapseman sihT .tnemele toor sti sa amehcs sah amehcs yrevE

:swollof sa

”amehcSLMX/1002/gro.3w.www//:ptth“ = dsx:snlmx

eht htiw deificeps eb tsum amehcs a yb denifed ecapseman eht fo eman ehT

.tnemele amehcs eht fo etubirtta ecapsemaNtegrat

”amehcSenalp/ude.sccu.sc//:ptth“ = ecapsemaNtegrat

nemele amehcs eht ni yltcerid denifed ton era taht setubirtta dna stnemele eht fI ot era t

ot tes eb tsum tluafeDmroFtnemele s’amehcs ,ecapseman tegrat eht ni dedulcni eb

:swollof sa ,deifilauq

”deifilauq“ = tluafeDmroFtnemele

si ,amehcs eht ni seman dexiferpnu eht fo ecruos eht si hcihw ,ecapseman tluafed ehT

snlmx rehtona htiw nevig :xiferp eht tuohtiw emit siht tub ,noitacificeps

”amehcSenalp/ude.sccu.sc//:ptth“ = snlmx

tnemele na ni atad ebircsed ot desu eb nac taht sepyt eerht eht nialpxE .5 naJ na htiw ,noitaral

.hcae elpmaxe naJ()skraM 90( - )4102

:noituloS

tnemucod eht fo erutcurts eht enifed ot desu era samehcs .e.i DTD ot ralimis si samehcs LMX

:segatnavdasid lareves dah sDTD

w DTD eht fo xatnys ehT nu sa - desylana eb tonnac yeht erofereht ,LMX ot detaler

rossecorp LMX na htiw

sexatnys fo sepyt tnereffid 2 htiw laed ot sremmargorp eht rof tluciffid yrev saw tI

sa deificeps era meht fo llA .gat eht fo tnetnoc fo epytatad eht troppus ton seod sDTD

txet

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 17

a morf ,yralubacov a ro ,sgat fo noitcelloc a fo esu eht htiw nettirw era sevlesmeht samehcS

si ecapseman siht fo eman ehT .samehcs fo amehcs a ,tceffe ni ,si taht ecapseman

.amehcSLMX/1002/gro.3w.www//:ptth

sraeppa noitacificeps ecapseman sihT .tnemele toor sti sa amehcs sah amehcs yrevE

:swollof sa

”amehcSLMX/1002/gro.3w.www//:ptth“ = dsx:snlmx

eht htiw deificeps eb tsum amehcs a yb denifed ecapseman eht fo eman ehT

amehcs eht fo etubirtta ecapsemaNtegrat .tnemele

”amehcSenalp/ude.sccu.sc//:ptth“ = ecapsemaNtegrat

ot era tnemele amehcs eht ni yltcerid denifed ton era taht setubirtta dna stnemele eht fI

ot tes eb tsum tluafeDmroFtnemele s’amehcs ,ecapseman tegrat eht ni dedulcni eb

:swollof sa ,deifilauq

”deifilauq“ = tluafeDmroFtnemele

si ,amehcs eht ni seman dexiferpnu eht fo ecruos eht si hcihw ,ecapseman tluafed ehT

:xiferp eht tuohtiw emit siht tub ,noitacificeps snlmx rehtona htiw nevig

”amehcSenalp/ude.sccu.sc//:ptth“ = snlmx

rp TLSX seod woH .6 ?tnemucod LMX na htiw teehselyts TLSX na esu rosseco

()skraM 50( enuJ - naJ ,6102 - ,5102 naJ - )4102

:noituloS

a edulcni tsum teehs elyts TLSX na ot atad sa desu eb ot si taht tnemucod LMX nA

elyts eht taht rossecorp TLSX eht mrofni ot noitcurtsni gnissecorp ehT .desu eb ot si teehs

:swollof sa si noitcurtsni siht fo mrof

ftu"=gnidocne "0.1"=noisrev lmx?< - >?"8

>"mrofsnarT/LSX/9991/gro.3w.www//:ptth"=lsx:snlmx "0.1"=noisrev teehselyts:lsx<

>"/"=hctam etalpmet:lsx<

>lmth<

>ydob<

noitamrofnI tnedutS UTV>2h< >2h/<

Page 72: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 27

>"1"=redrob elbat<

>"23dc99#"=rolocgb rt<

>ht/<eman>ht<

>ht/<nsu>ht<

>ht/<emaNegelloc>ht<

>ht/<hcnarb>ht<

>ht/<raey>ht<

>ht/<liame>ht<

>rt/<

rof:lsx< - >"tneduts/utv"=tceles hcae

>esoohc:lsx<

>"'S B hsohtnaS' = eman"=tset nehw:lsx<

cgb rt< >"wolley"=rolo

eulav:lsx<>dt< - >dt/<>/"eman"=tceles fo

eulav:lsx<>dt< - >dt/<>/"nsu"=tceles fo

eulav:lsx<>dt< - >dt/<>/"emaNegelloc"=tceles fo

eulav:lsx<>dt< - >dt/<>/"hcnarb"=tceles fo

eulav:lsx<>dt< - >dt/<>/"raey"=tceles fo

eulav:lsx<>dt< - "liame"=tceles fo >dt/<>/

>rt/<

>nehw:lsx/<

>esiwrehto:lsx<

> rt<

eulav:lsx<>dt< - >dt/<>/"eman"=tceles fo

eulav:lsx<>dt< - >dt/<>/"nsu"=tceles fo

eulav:lsx<>dt< - >dt/<>/"emaNegelloc"=tceles fo

eulav:lsx<>dt< - >dt/<>/"hcnarb"=tceles fo

eulav:lsx<>dt< - <>/"raey"=tceles fo >dt/

eulav:lsx<>dt< - >dt/<>/"liame"=tceles fo

>rt/<

>esiwrehto:lsx/<

>esoohc:lsx/<

rof:lsx/< - >hcae

>elbat/<

Page 73: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 37

>2h/<dethgilhgih si tneduts detceles>2h<

>lmth/< >ydob/<

>etalpmet:lsx/<

>teehselyts:lsx/<

LSX na yb ssecorp noitamrofsnart eht nialpxE .7 .rossecorp T ( )skraM 50( enuJ - 4102 )

,ledom ,ekam stnemele dlihc eht sah rac hcae erehw ,srac fo golatac a rof DTD a etaerC .8

enigne ehT .seirossecca dna ,epyt_noissimsnart ,srood_fo_rebmun ,enigne ,roloc ,raey

dlihc eht sah tnemele rebmun stnemele - fo - seirossecca ehT .metsys_leuf dna srednilyc

dna ,gnireetS_rewop ,swodniw_rewop ,gninoitidnoc_ria ,oidar setubirtta eht sah tnemele

seititnE .on dna sey seulav elbissop eht sah dna deriuqer si hcihw fo hcae ,sekarb_rewop

eb tsum naJ si taht tnemucod LMX na etaerc ,sekam rac ralupop fo seman eht rof deral

.DTD siht rof dilav ( )skraM 70( enuJ - 4102 )

:noituloS

lanoitcnuf elpmis a yllautca si TLSX - .egaugnal gnimmargorp elyts

,dnuob eb nac seulav hcihw ot seman ,sretemarap ,snoitcnuf era TLSX ni dedulcnI

.noitceles elpitlum rof snoisserpxe lanoitidnoc dna ,stcurtsnoc noitceles

.tupni sa tnemucod TLSX na dna tnemucod LMX na htob ekat srossecorp TLSX

tupni eht si tnemucod LMX eht ;detucexe eb ot margorp eht si tnemucod TLSX ehT

.margorp eht ot atad

strap htiw degrem dna ,deifidom ylbissop ,detceles era tnemucod LMX eht fo straP fo

LSX na dellac semitemos si hcihw ,tnemucod wen a mrof ot tnemucod TLSX eht

.tnemucod

erugiF ni nwohs si rossecorp TLSX na yb desu ssecorp noitamrofsnart ehT

.setalpmet erom ro eno fo yliramirp stsisnoc tnemucod TLSX nA

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 47

uf a sebircsed etalpmet hcaE rossecorp TLSX eht revenehw detucexe si taht noitcn

.nrettap s’etalpmet eht ot hctam a sdnif

etalpmet eht dellac si atad LMX gnissecorp fo ledom TLSX enO - hcihw ,ledom nevird

atad raluger ylhgih fo secnatsni elpitlum fo stsisnoc atad eht nehw llew skrow

oc .sdrocer gniniatnoc selif htiw sa ,snoitcell

ni stnemgarf etalpmet gnisu ,atad evisrucer dna ralugerri htiw laed osla nac TLSX

atad eht dellac si tahw - .ledom nevird

etalpmet eht htob rof smsinahcem eht edulcni nac teehs elyts TLSX elgnis A - dna

atad - vird .sledom ne

ot hcaorppa eht ebircseD ?DTD si tahW .9 naJ .setubirtta dna seititne tnemele eral

( )skraM 01( enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

ftu" = gnidocne "0.1" = noisrev lmx?< - >?"8

!< -- dtd.srac - esicrexE ot noitulos A tnemucod lmx.srac eht rof noitinifed epyt tnemucod a

1.7 -- >

>)+rac( golatac_rac TNEMELE!<

,epyt_noissimsnart ,srood_fo_rebmun ,enigne ,roloc ,raey ,ledom ,ekam( rac TNEMELE!<

>)seirossecca

>)ATADCP#( ekam TNEMELE!<

< >)ATADCP#( ledom TNEMELE!

>)ATADCP#( raey TNEMELE!<

>)ATADCP#( roloc TNEMELE!<

>)metsys_leuf ,srednilyc_fo_rebmun( enigne TNEMELE!<

>)ATADCP#( srood_fo_rebmun TNEMELE!<

>)ATADCP#( epyt_noissimsnart TNEMELE!<

>)ATADCP#( seirossecca TNEMELE!<

< >DERIUQER# ATADC oidar seirossecca TSILTTA!

>DERIUQER# ATADC gninoitidnoc_ria seirossecca TSILTTA!<

>DERIUQER# ATADC swodniw_rewop seirossecca TSILTTA!<

>DERIUQER# ATADC gnireets_rewop seirossecca TSILTTA!<

QER# ATADC sekarb_rewop seirossecca TSILTTA!< >DERIU

>"telorvehC" c YTITNE!<

>"droF" f YTITNE!<

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 57

>"egdoD" d YTITNE!<

>"adnoH" h YTITNE!<

>"nossiN" n YTITNE!<

>"atoyoT" t YTITNE!<

.ecapseman LMX ebircseD ylfeirB .01 ( )skraM 40( naJ - ,5102 enuJ - 102 4)

:noituloS

taht si tnemucod emas eht ni seiralubacov pukram tnereffid gnisu htiw melborp enO

.tluser dluoc stes gat esoht fo erom ro owt ni denifed era taht seman neewteb snoisilloc

dna erutinruf fo yrogetac a rof gat >elbat< a gnivah si noitautis siht fo elpmaxe nA a

.selbat noitamrofni rof LMTHX morf gat >elbat<

fo elbapac eb tsum stnemucod LMX ssecorp taht smetsys erawtfos ,ylraelC

.stnemucod esoht ni seman tnemele eht gnizingocer ylsuougibmanu

LMX rof dradnats a depoleved sah C3W eht ,melborp siht htiw laed oT secapseman

CER/RT/gro.3w.www//:ptth ta( - lmx - .)seman

LMX ni desu seman etubirtta dna tnemele fo noitcelloc a si ecapseman LMX nA

ecruoser mrofinu a fo mrof eht sah yllausu ecapseman a fo eman ehT .stnemucod

.)IRU( reifitnedi

ralucitrap a ta detoor yhcrareih eht fo setubirtta dna stnemele eht rof ecapseman A

.snlmx etubirtta eht fo eulav eht sa deralced si tnemele

si tnemele na rof noitaralced ecapseman a fo mrof ehT

< eman_tnemele :[snlmx xiferp >IRU = ]

i stekcarb erauqs ehT fi ,xiferp ehT .lanoitpo si meht nihtiw si tahw taht etacidn

.ecapseman deralced eht ni seman eht ot dehcatta eb tsum taht eman eht si ,dedulcni

.tnemucod eht rof tluafed eht si ecapseman eht ,dedulcni ton si xiferp eht fI

nosaer owt rof desu si xiferp A yreve no depyt eb ot gnol oot era sIRU tsom ,tsriF .s

sretcarahc sedulcni IRU a ,dnoceS .ecapseman eht morf eman yreve fo ecnerrucco

.LMX ni dilavni era taht

a fo toor eht yllausu si deralced si ecapseman a hcihw rof tnemele eht taht etoN

.tnemucod

e roF toor eht no ecapseman snlmx eht eralced seton siht ni stnemucod LMTHX lla :x

:lmth ,tnemele

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 67

>”lmthx/9991/gro.3w.www//:ptth“ = snlmx lmth<

.rossecorp LMX fo sesoprup eht nialpxE .11 ( )skraM 60( naJ - 5102 4102 enuJ , )

:noituloS

SROSSECORP LMX FO SESOPRUP EHT

llew rof tnemucod eht fo xatnys cisab eht kcehc tsum rossecorp eht ,tsriF - .ssendemrof

tnemucod LMX na ni seititne ot secnerefer lla ecalper tsum rossecorp eht ,dnoceS

.snoitinifed rieht htiw

e dna sDTD ni setubirtta ,drihT seulav rieht taht yficeps nac samehcs LMX ni stnemel

LMX eht otni deipoc eb tsum hcihw ,seulav tluafed evah tnemucod LMX na ni

.gnissecorp gnirud tnemucod

a sedulcni rossecorp eht dna deificeps si amehcs LMX na ro DTD a nehw ,htruoF

eht ,resrap gnitadilav taht erusne ot dekcehc eb tsum tnemucod LMX eht fo erutcurts

.etamitigel si ti

Page 77: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 77

TINU – 6

LREP

lrep ni snoitca sti dna sretemarap sti ,snoitcnuf gnirts eht nialpxE .1 .

)skraM 60( ( enuJ - 6102 , enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

emaN )s(retemaraP snoitcA

pmohc gnirtS A sti morf *sretcarahc enilwen gnitanimret yna sevomeR

.sretcarahc devomer fo rebmun eht snruter ;retemarap

htgnel gnirtS A retemarap sti ni sretcarahc fo rebmun eht snruteR

.gnirts

cl gnirtS A esacreppu lla htiw gnirts retemarap sti snruteR srettel

.esacrewol ot detrevnoc

cu gnirtS A srettel esacrewol lla htiw gnirts retemarap sti snruteR

.esacreppu ot detrevnoc

xeh gnirtS A rebmun lamicedaxeh eht fo eulav lamiced eht snurteR

gnirts retemarap sti ni

nioj eht dna retcarahC A

sgnirts detanetac

tsil a htiw rehtegot

sgnirts fo

fo sgnirts eht gnitanetac yb detcurtsnoc gnirts a snruteR

eht htiw ,rehtegot sgnirts tneuqesbus dna dnoces eht

.meht neewteb detresni retcarahc retemarap

moc nialpxE .2 .egaknil sti dna ecafretni yawetag nom )skraM 40( ( naJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

ehT Co mm no Ga et w ya Interface (CGI) si a ts a dn a dr (see RF :5783C CG I Ve noisr

.1 1 taht ) de nif e s woh we esb rve r wtfos ar e ac n delega eht et generati no fo we pb age s

ot a c elosno a lpp i ac tion. Such a lpp i ac ti sno a er nwonk as CG s I c tpir s; ht ey can eb

writ net ni an y programming al nguage, alt uoh gh sc gnitpir al nguages are of net .desu In

is m elp ow r C eht sd GI p divor e etni na s rface be wt ee eht n ew bserve sr a eht dn clie .stn

ehT ksat fo a we esb rver si ot re dnops ot re uq e sts rof webpages si sued b y clie stn

usu( ally web br wo se )sr b y analyz gni eht c no te tn fo eht re uq e ts ( hw ich si som t yl ni its

Page 78: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 87

URL) d , e et rmi gnin a n a orpp p ir a od et c s ot tnemu e r ni dn e ,esnops a r dn e inrut ng ti t eht o

clie .tn

If eht re uq e ts ifitnedi es no elif a ,ksid eht serve r can tsuj re nrut eht elif 's con .stnet

etlA rnatively, eht od cume tn 's c tnetno can eb c sopmo ed no eht fly. One wa fo y gniod

ht i si s ot tel a c elosno a lpp i ac ti no c upmo t od eht e c tnemu 's c ,stnetno a dn llet w eht eb

se revr esu ot taht c elosno a lpp i ac t .noi CG ps I ec seifi ihw ch ofni r noitam si

c mo m cinu a det be wt ee eht n ew esb rve r a dn hcus a c elosno a lpp i ac ti ,no a dn .woh

ehT we sb e vr er tfos wa er lliw ekovni eht c elosno a lpp i ac ti no as a c mo man .d CG d I e nif e s

woh ofni r noitam a tuob eht re uq e ts s( uch as eht URL si ) passed ot eht c mo ma dn ni eht

of rm fo argume stn a dn e emnorivn nt va ir a .selb ehT a lpp ci ati no si ppus osed ot w etir

tuptuo eht od c tnemu ot dnats a dr uptuo t; CG I de nif es woh ti ac n pa ss b ca k ex art

ofni r noitam a tuob eht tuptuo us( c h as eht MI EM ty ,ep hw ich de nif es eht ty ep fo

od c tnemu be r gni e nrut e )d by prepe gnidn i iw t th h ae de .sr

IGC nil kage

CGI progra netfo sm are rots e id a ni d rec ot ry named cgi-

nib

- S emo CG p I rog ar sm are ni am c enih c do e, tub Pe lr progra sm a er lausu ly ke tp ni

ruos c of e r os ,m pe tsum lr eb r nu meht no

- A ruos ce elif ac n be edam ot eb

―ex ce lbatu eǁ by a idd n a g li en at rieht beg nni in taht g

eps c ht seifi a a t al nguage pro ec ss ing rp ogra eb m ru meht no n if r ts

F ro Pe p lr rog ar ,sm i eht f pe lr sy s si mets to er d

ni

/rsu/ lo ac l/ nib /pe ,lr a si s tfo e si n i n

UNIX

sy ,smets t sih

#! /rsu/ lo ac l/ nib /pe lr -

w

- nA TH ML doc tnemu eps c seifi a CGI prog ar m w hti eht hypertext reference

att tubir e h , er fo ,f a n ancho t r ag , a< > , a ni s

<a = ferh

" th t :p / ww/ w.c u.s cc de.s u/cgi-

nib r/ eply lp. > lC " ic h k e er eht nur ot CG I

pr rgo a r ,m eply lp.

Page 79: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 97

< >a/

!< -- reply th. ml - ac ll t a s r vi ia c l g rp i og ar m

-- >

< th m >l

<h ae d>

<title>

TH ML ot ac ll C eht GI-Pe p lr rogram reply lp.

</tit >el

< eh/ a >d

< ob dy>

sihT i ruo s f tsri CGI- eP lr exa pm le

<a = ferh

" th t :p / ww/ w.c cu.s p.e /ud cgi- nib /reply p. l" >lC ic h k e er eht nur ot CG p I r rgo a ,m

reply lp. < >a/

< ob/ dy>

< h/ tml>

- ehT c no n ce ti no fr mo a CGI program b ca k ot t eh re uq e ts ing br wo ser si uorht gh

nats da uptuo dr t lausu , ly th or ug s eht h e revr

- ehT TH TP h ae der nee sd no ly eht c tnetno type, wollof ed by a knalb line, as si

create :htiw d

pr tni " tnetnoC -type : text/ th ml \n\n";

#!/ /rsu lo ac l/ nib /pe lr

r # eply lp. – a CGI rp ogram taht er a snrut

# gr ee ting ot t eh resu

pr tni " tnetnoC -type : text/ th ml \n\n" , "< th m >l <h ae d> \n", "<title> reply e lp. xa pm le </tit el >", " < h/ ea >d \n", "< ob dy> \n",

"<h1> Gr ee ting f s r mo yo ru We bes rve !r " " , < >1h/ \n < ob/ dy> < h/ tml>

\n";

Page 80: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 08

3 .lrep ni syarra fo slatnemadnuf eht nialpxE . )skraM 50( ( enuJ - 4102 )

:noituloS

nA array ots res an orde er d li ts fo va .seul While a s ac ral va ir a elb can no ly store eno va ,eul an

array can erots nam y. Pe lr arra y na sem a er p er if xed htiw an @-s gi .n Here si a n exa pm le:

my @c srolo = ("red","gr ee n"," lb ue ;)"

E ca h dni i laudiv item (or e mel e )tn of an array may eb referred ot by its xedni

ebmun r A . rray dni i ec s ts a tr htiw ,0 os ot ac ec ss the if r ts e mel e tn fo the array

@c ,srolo y uo esu

$c srolo [0]. ecitoN taht hw en you' er referring ot a nis g el e mel e tn fo an array, y uo

pre eht xif na em htiw $ sni t ae d fo .@ ehT $- is gn aga ni i cidn a set taht it's a is ng el s( ac la )r

va eht ;eul @- is g m n ea sn you're gniklat a tuob t eh e tn i er array.

If y uo wa tn ot pool uorht gh an array, pr ni tin o g ut a ll fo eht va ,seul y uo c dluo pr tni cae h

e mel e eno tn a it a t me:

my @c srolo = ("red","gr ee n" lb", ue ;)"

pr tni "$c srolo [0]\n"; stnirp # "red "

pr tni "$c srolo [1]\n"; stnirp #

"g er en p " r tni "$c srolo [2]\n"; stnirp # " ulb e"

um A c h ae is e r way od ot ht i si s esu ot a of caer h

lo :po

my @c srolo = ("red","gr ee n"," lb ue ;)"

of er ac h my @( i$ c )srolo {

pr tni "$i\n";

}

F ro cae h iterati no o eht f of er ach ,pool i$ si set ot an e mel e tn eht fo @c olo rs array. In

ht i s exa pm le, i$ si "re "d eht if r ts ti orht em ugh ol eht o .p b ehT races }{ de enif hw e er eht

b pool eg sni a dn e ,sdn os rof any c edo a pp ea ir ng betw ee n eht brace ,s i$ si set ot eht

curre pool tn i et ar .rot

4 meht trevnoc ,seman eht daer ot syarra fo esu htiw margorp lrep elpmis a etirW . reppu ot

.deyalpsid dna detros eb ot yarra eht dna srettel esac

)skraM 50( ( enuJ - 6102 , enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

;0 = xedni$

Page 81: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 18

meht ssecorp dna seman eht daer ot pooL >>>#

{ )> < = eman$(elihw

eht ni ti tup dna esacreppu ot srettel s’eman eht trevnoC >>># .yarra seman

;)eman$(cu = ]++xedni$[seman$

}

seman fo tsil detros eht yalpsiD >>>#

“ tnirp \ :si seman fo tsil detroS ehTn \n\n\ ;”n

{ )seman@ tros( eman$ hcaerof

eman$“( tnirp \ ;)”n

}

na htiw gnola lreP ni elbairav a fo seirogetac tnereffid eht nialpxE .5 .elpmaxe

naJ()skraM 90( - 4102 , enuJ - 4102 , naJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

:era elbairav lrep fo seirogetaC

elbairaV ralacS .i

elbairaV yarrA .ii

elbairaV hsaH .iii

S ac al rs are va ir a selb that ac n erots either nu ebm r ,s nirts g ,s ro fer e er n ec s sid( cu dess

tal e )r

- bmuN e sr a er rots e ni d d elbuo for ;tam i tn ege sr are rarely desu

- muN e cir li et ra evah sl the emas form a rehto ni s c mo m nal no guages

Pe lr has owt sdnik fo rts i gn li et ar ,sl esoht delimi det b elbuod y setouq a dn t esoh

delimi det by is ng touq el es

- S ni g el - detouq il tera sl ca tonn inc edul esca ep sequen ec s

- lbuoD e- il detouq tera c sl a edulcni n meht

- I c htob n ase t ,s he delimiti gn etouq ac n be e ebm dde d by prece id ng ti b a htiw ca hsalsk

- If y uo wa tn a gnirts li et ar l htiw is ngle- etouq characte tsir ic ,s tub od n t‘ wa tn delimit

nis htiw ti g touq el e esu ,s xq hw , e er x n a si e d w elimi ret

- F ro ouq elbuod te esu ,s qq

- If eht new delimi ret si a pare ,sisehtn a br eca , a b car ke ,t ro a niop ted b ar cke ,t eht

ir g d th elimi ret tsum eb hto eht e m r e rebm o eht f pa ri

- gnirts llun A ac n be '' ro ""

S ac ral ty ep si sp ce i if e d by pr ece id ng eht na em with a $

Page 82: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 28

- Na em tsum beg ni htiw a ettel r; any rebmun fo ettel r ,s id git ,s ro dnu erscore

cha ar c et r s ac wollof n

- Na sem a er ca es tisnes ive

- By c no ve tn i n ,no a sem fo va ir a u selb se no ly ol wercas ettel e rs

- Na sem embe dd e d ni d o elbu - gnirts detouq literals a er

ni te lopr ate d e.g ,. I eht f va fo eul as$ lary v eht ,00574 si a eul of

"J ca kam k e as$ s lary lod la p sr er year si " "J ca m k ake allod 00574 s r rep s y ae "r

- Va ir able a s re im lp icitly d ce al red

- A s ac ral va ir a elb taht has ton b ee n a ss igned a va eul has eht va eul dnu ef mun( e cir

va ;0 si eul gnirts va si eul t eh n llu nirts g)

- Pe h lr a am s ny im lp ic ti va ir a oc tsom eht ,selb m nom

- fo ihw c _$ si h (L koo a t pe codlr pe vlr a )r

nA array ots res an orde er d li ts fo va .seul While a s ac ral va ir a elb can no ly store eno

va ,eul an array can erots nam y. Pe lr arra y na sem a er p er if xed htiw an @-s gi .n Here si

a n exa pm le:

my @c srolo = ("red","gr ee n"," lb ue ;)"

E ca h dni i laudiv item (or e mel e )tn of an array may eb referred ot by its xedni

ebmun r A . rray dni i ec s ts a tr htiw ,0 os ot ac ec ss the if r ts e mel e tn fo the array

@c ,srolo y uo esu

$c srolo [0]. ecitoN taht hw en you' er referring ot a nis g el e mel e tn fo an array, y uo

pre eht xif na em htiw $ sni t ae d fo .@ ehT $- is gn aga ni i cidn a set taht it's a is ng el s( ac la )r

va eht ;eul @- is g m n ea sn you're gniklat a tuob t eh e tn i er array.

If y uo wa tn ot pool uorht gh an array, pr ni tin o g ut a ll fo eht va ,seul y uo c dluo pr tni cae h

e mel e eno tn a it a t me:

my @c srolo = ("red","gr ee n" lb", ue ;)"

pr tni "$c srolo [0]\n"; stnirp # "red "

pr tni "$c srolo [1]\n"; stnirp #

"g er en p " r tni "$c srolo [2]\n"; stnirp # " ulb e"

um A c h ae is e r way od ot ht i si s esu ot a of caer h

lo :po my @c srolo = ("red","gr ee n"," lb ue ;)"

of er ac h my @( i$ c )srolo {

pr tni "$i\n";

}

Page 83: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 38

A ha hs si a eps c lai dnik fo arra y — an a icoss ative array, ro pa ri ed li ts fo e mel e .stn E ca h

pa ri c stsisno a fo irts ng key a a dn da v at a .eul

Pe h lr a n hs a sem a er pref xi e p a htiw d erce s tn ig n (% .) He er ' ht woh s ey're

de nif e H :d a N hs a em key va eul

my = sroloc% ( "red" ,

"#f 000f 0" " , gr ee n",

"#00f 00f " , " ulb e" ,

" 0# 0 f00 f" , " alb ck",

"#0 00000 " , " tihw e",

"#ffffff" );

sihT pa lucitr ar exa pm le crea set a ha hs named c% o srol ihw ch rots es eht XEH BGR

va rof seul eht na dem c .srolo The c rolo na sem a eht er ha hs key ;s eht hex c do es a eht er

ha v hs a .seul

Re bmem er taht eht re's erom naht eno way ot od ht ings ni Pe ,lr a dn her 'e s the rehto way

d ot e enif s eht ame ha :hs

Ha N hs a em key va eul

my = sroloc% ( re d =>

"#f 000f 0" , gr ee n =>

"# f00 f 00 ",

eulb => "#0 f000 f" ,

alb c k =>

"#0 00000 " etihw ,

=> "#fffff ;) "f

ehT => opera rot a otu am ti ac ll ouq y tes eht el ft is de fo eht arg ,tnemu os enc sol i gn ouq te s

a dnuor k eht ey na sem are en ton ede .d

oT er eht ot ref dni i laudiv e mel e h eht fo stn a ,hs you' ll

:od

$c '{srolo er d'}

Here, r" ed" si eht key, a dn $c srolo {'red'} si eht va eul a coss ia det htiw that key. In

ht i s ac se eht , va si eul "#ff 00 00".

Page 84: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 48

uoY od n't lausu ly need t eh enc sol ing ouq tes a or u dn eht va ,eul eithe ;r $co {srol er }d

a ow osl r sk fi eht key na em doe ns 't c niatno char ca et rs taht a er a osl Pe lr po era srot

niht( gs li ek

+ , - , = * , a .)/ dn

p oT r tni lla tuo t eh va a ni seul ah ,hs y uo ac u n se a fo er ac :pool h

of er ac h my $c rolo (keys c% )srolo {

pr tni "$c {srolo $c }rolo =$c olo r\n";

}

sihT exa pm le eht sesu keys uf ncti ,no ihw ch re ut r sn a li ts fo eht keys fo the na dem ha .hs

d enO ra bw ack si taht keys %ha emanhs lliw re ut rn eht keys ni pnu re tcid a elb order — ni

ht i s exa pm le, key s c% o srol c dluo re ( nrut "red", " eulb ", "g er en" , " lb ack" , " tihw e ro )"

("red", ihw" te", rg" ee n", " alb ck", " ulb e") or an y c bmo inati no eht er of. If you wa tn ot

pr tuo tni t eh ha ni hs ex ca dro t e ,r y h uo a ev ot sp ce ify the key ni s t eh for cae ol h o :p

of er ac h my $c rolo ("red ," "gr ee n"," ulb e","bl ca k", ihw" te" { )

pr tni "$c {srolo $c }rolo =$c olo r\n";

}

.rehtona ot elif eno morf stnetnoc ypoc ot margorp lrep a etirW .6 naJ( )skraM 40( - )4102

:noituloS

;tcirts esu

esu ;sgninraw

;)latot$ tnetnocelif$(wq srav esu

;"txt.1elif" = 1elif$ ym

;"!elif eht nepo t'ndluoc" eid || )1elif$ ,1ELIF(nepo

;"!elif eht nepo t'ndluoc" eid || )'txt.2elif>>' ,2ELIF(nepo

{)>1ELIF< = tnetnocelif$(elihw

;)tnetnocelif$(pmohc

tnirp ".tnetnocelif$ 2ELIF \ ;"n

}

;)1ELIF(esolc

;)2ELIF(esolc

Page 85: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 58

.elpmaxe na htiw ,eludom mp IGC nialpxE ?IGC si tahW .7

naJ()skraM 70( - 5102 , enuJ - 4102 )

:noituloS

ehT Co mm no Ga et w ya Interface (CGI) si a ts a dn a dr (see RF :5783C CG I Ve noisr

.1 1 taht ) de nif e s woh we esb rve r wtfos ar e ac n delega eht et generati no fo we pb age s

ot a c elosno a lpp i ac tion. Such a lpp i ac ti sno a er nwonk as CG s I c tpir s; ht ey can eb

writ net ni an y programming al nguage, alt uoh gh sc gnitpir al nguages are of net .desu In

is m elp ow r C eht sd GI p divor e etni na s rface be wt ee eht n ew bserve sr a eht dn clie .stn

ehT ksat fo a we esb rver si ot re dnops ot re uq e sts rof webpages si sued b y clie stn

usu( ally web br wo se )sr b y analyz gni eht c no te tn fo eht re uq e ts ( hw ich si som t yl ni its

URL) d , e et rmi gnin a n a orpp p ir a od et c s ot tnemu e r ni dn e ,esnops a r dn e inrut ng ti t eht o

clie .tn

If eht re uq e ts ifitnedi es no elif a ,ksid eht serve r can tsuj re nrut eht elif 's con .stnet

etlA rnatively, eht od cume tn 's c tnetno can eb c sopmo ed no eht fly. One wa fo y gniod

ht i si s ot tel a c elosno a lpp i ac ti no c upmo t od eht e c tnemu 's c ,stnetno a dn llet w eht eb

se revr esu ot taht c elosno a lpp i ac t .noi CG ps I ec seifi ihw ch ofni r noitam si

c mo m cinu a det be wt ee eht n ew esb rve r a dn hcus a c elosno a lpp i ac ti ,no a dn .woh

ehT we sb e vr er tfos wa er lliw ekovni eht c elosno a lpp i ac ti no as a c mo man .d CG d I e nif e s

woh ofni r noitam a tuob eht re uq e ts s( uch as eht URL si ) passed ot eht c mo ma dn ni eht

of rm fo argume stn a dn e emnorivn nt va ir a .selb ehT a lpp ci ati no si ppus osed ot w etir

tuptuo eht od c tnemu ot dnats a dr uptuo t; CG I de nif es woh ti ac n pa ss b ca k ex art

ofni r noitam a tuob eht tuptuo us( c h as eht MI EM ty ,ep hw ich de nif es eht ty ep fo

od c tnemu be r gni e nrut e )d by prepe gnidn i iw t th h ae de .sr

CG .I pm si a al r eg a dn diw el desu y Pe lr udom le rof pr rgo amming moC m no Ga et way

I tn erface C( GI) web a pp l ci ati ,sno pr divo i gn a con is s tnet IPA for rece vi i gn resu tupni

a p dn r udo cing TH ML or XHTML uptuo t. The udom le si writ net a dn iatniam ned by

L nlocni S .D tein.

aS A mp el CGI P ega

He er a si is m C elp GI page w , rit ni net Pe gnisu lr CGI ni( mp. ejbo c iro t e detn style :) #! b/rsu/ i ep/n rl -w

#

esu ;tcirts

esu wa inr ng ;s

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 68

esu CGI;

my $cgi = CGI->new(); pr tni $cgi->heade (r ' et xt/htm 'l );

pr tni $cgi-> ats r h_t tml('A Sim C elp GI aP ge'),

$cgi-> 1h (' S A i pm le CGI Page'),

$cgi-> ats r f_t o ,mr

'Na :em ',

$cgi-> et x dleift ('name') , $cgi->br,

'Age : ',

$cgi-> et x dleift ('age') $ , cgi-> ,p

$cgi-> imbus t('S mbu it!'),

$cgi- e> dn _ of rm $ , cgi->p,

$cgi->hr;

fi ( $cgi->param('name') ) {

pr tni ' ruoY na si em ' , $cgi->param('name') $ , cgi-> ;rb

}

fi ( $cgi->param('age )' ) {

pr tni ' uoY a er ' , $cgi->param('age'), ' yea dlo sr .';

} pr tni $cgi-

e> th_dn lm ;

sihT dluow pr tni a ver y sim elp webfor ,m a gniks f ro y ruo name a dn age, a dn a tf er

ha iv n b g ee n imbus t ,det re psid al ying eht fo mr htiw eht na em a dn age psid layed

be wol it. s sihT a pm le kam es use fo CGI mp. 's bo j ce t-orie detn a ib lit ;sei ti ac n a osl eb

enod by call nuf gni cti rid sno ectly tuohtiw , eht $cgi->.

toN e: ni am ny exa pm les ,q$ trohs rof uq ery, si used ot erots a CGI ejbo ct. sA eht

a evob exa pm le il sul tra siht ,set mig v eb th ery mi ls ea .gnid

He er tona si he s r c tpir tha udorp t ec s eht s a tuo em p su tu i gn CGI p. m's pro ec rud al ni terfa ec :

#! b/rsu/ i ep/n r esu l ;tcirts esu wa inr ng ;s

esu CG I ' s: ta dn ard';

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TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 78

pr tni h ae d re ,

ats r h_t tml(' S A i pm le CGI aP ge') 1h , ( S A' i pm le CGI aP ge') , ats r of_t r ,m

'Na :em ' et , x dleift ('name') , br, 'Age : ' et , x dleift ('age') imbus ,p , t('S mbu i !t ') , e f_dn o ,p ,mr hr;

pr tni ' ruoY na si em ' p , aram( n' ame') , b fi r param n' ame';

pr tni ' uoY a er ' , param('ag 'e ), ' yea dlo sr .' fi param 'age'; pr tni e th_dn lm ;

.gninaem rieht dna snoitacificepS esU eliF tsiL ?lrep ni deldnah era selif woH .8

( )skraM 50( naJ - 6102 , enuJ - 5102 )

:noituloS

R ae gnid a dn writ gni lif es si enod b po y e in ng a file a dn a icoss ating ti htiw a helif a .eldn

sihT i enod s htiw t eh tats e :tnem

po en( helif a dn le,filename ;)

ehT nelif a em ma y be pre if xed htiw a >, ihw ch em a sn ot vo erw etir anyt gnih taht 's ni eht

elif ,won ro htiw a >> , w hcih em a sn ot a pp e dn ot eht tob t mo fo eht ex si tin .elif g If htob

> a dn >> a er mo itte eht ,d fi po si el ene rof d rea id ng only H . e er a er emos exa pm le :s

po en(INF," tuo .txt" ;) po # e sn myda t.at x rof t aer id n g

po en(OUTF,"> .tuo txt" ;) po # e t.tuo sn x rof t

overw itir n po g en(OUTF," >> .tuo txt");

rof txt.tuo snepo # a pp e idn ng

po en(F " ,H <+ .tuo txt" ;) po # e e sn x si t gni file .tuo t rof tx aer id ng AND writi gn

hT e er are owt ways y uo ac n ha eldn rea id ng da at f mor a :elif y uo ac n either read eno

li en a it a t me ro , rea eht d e tn i er file ni t o a n array. He er ' na s exa pm le:

po en(F ",H gue t.koobts xt" ro ) &die cin e("Can' o t pe n gue t.koobts x :t !$ " ;)

my a$ = <FH>; # r ae d eno s li en f eht mor file in ot

s eht # ac ral a$

my = b@ <FH>; r # ae eht sd NE TI ER FIL otni E array b@

c esol (FH); # c t sesol he file

If y uo we ot er esu ht is c edo ni y ruo prog ar ,m you'd e dn pu htiw eht if r ts li en fo

gue t.koobts xt be gni rots ed ni $a, a dn eht re dniam er fo eht elif ni array b@ (with

cae h e mel e tn fo b@ c gniniatno eno li en fo da at from eht elif ). ehT ca laut read

o cc urs htiw

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 88

< helif a ldn e>; eht a tnuom d fo a at r ae d d epe no sdn eht ty ep o v f aria elb y uo sa ev ti

ni t .o

ehT iwollof n s g ce ti no of c edo swohs how ot er ad eht e tn i er elif ni to an array, neht pool

uorht g h e ca h e mel e fo tn t eh array e tuo tnirp ot ca h line:

po en(F ",H gue t.koobts xt" ro ) &die cin e("Can" po t e n gue t.koobts x :t !$ " ;)

my @ary = <FH>;

c esol (FH);

of er ac h my l$ i en (@ary) {

pr tni l$ ine;

}

TSOP dna TEG eht htiw revres eht ot dettimsnart ti si woH ?gnirts yreuq a si tahW .9

?sdohtem ( )skraM 60( naJ - 6102 )

:noituloS

In Wor dl W edi Web, a uq re y ts ring si eht pa tr fo a finU o mr Re ruos ce Locat ro

(URL)

taht c d sniatno a eb ot at pa w ot dess e b a lpp ci ati hcus sno as CGI

progra .sm

ehT oM zil al col LRU ati no bar gniwohs an UR htiw L eht uq er irts y n g

titl =e p_niaM age& ca tion=raw

When a web pa eg si reque dets aiv eht Hype tr ext T ar fsn er P otor col, eht se vr er lo ac set

elif a ni its elif sy mets based no eht re uq e dets URL. sihT elif may eb a er g ralu elif

ro p a r rgo a .m In eht sec dno ac se, eht se revr ma ( y depe idn ng no its c ifno gurati )no nur

p eht r rgo a ,m se dn ing its uo t tup as eht re riuq ed page. ehT uq er irts y ng si a pa tr fo eht

UR ihw L ch si pa ot dess th e p gor ar .m I st us p e e stimr da ot at eb pa dess fr mo t TH eh TP

clie o( tn f a net we rb b owse )r ot p eht r rgo a hcihw m genera eht set we b page.

Struc erut

A ty ip ca U l RL c iniatno ng a query irts ng sa si

f lo l :swo

th t :p / es/ rve p/r a ht /pr argo m? uq ery irts_ n

g

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 98

When a se vr er rece sevi a re uq e ts hcus rof a page, ti snur a program fi( c ifno gured ot od

,)os pa ss i gn the uq ery gnirts_ unchanged ot eht progra .m q ehT ue ts i no ma kr si desu as a

separa rot a ap ton si dn rt fo uq eht ery irts ng.

A li kn ni a web page may have a URL taht c no ta sni a query irts ng. oH weve ,r the

esu niam fo uq er irts y ngs si ot c niatno eht c tnetno fo an TH M of L r ,m a osl nwonk as

web of rm . In pa lucitr a ,r hw en a fo mr c gniniatno eht if e sdl if eld1, if eld2, if eld3 si

imbus t ,det eht c fo tnetno eht f e si sdlei nc do e d a q a s uery irts ng a :swollof s

if e dl 1=va eul 1& if eld2=value2& if e dl 3=va eul 3 ...

ehT uq ery irts ng moc si p deso fo a se ir e fo s field-va p eul a .sri

ehT f dlei -value pa sri a er cae es h para det by an equa s l ig .n

ehT es r fo sei pa s si sri epara det by eht a epm rsand, '&' s ro emic olo n, ';'.

F ro cae h if e dl fo eht f ro ,m eht uq er irts y ng c no ta sni a pa ri if e =dl va .eul Web of r sm ma y

edulcni if e sdl taht a er ton siv i elb ot eht esu r; eht se if e sdl a er dulcni ed ni t eh uq er y

irts n hw g e eht n for m i bus s mit det

sihT c vno e tn i si no a W C3 rec mo me dn ati .no W C3 rec mo me sdn taht a ll we s b e vr e sr

s troppus emic nolo sepa ni srotar t eh alp ce fo a epm rsa dn separa .srot

T ce cinh ally , th e fo mr c tnetno si no l y enc do e d a s a uq er irts y n g whe n eht of r m

simbus s noi dohtem si .TEG ehT sa em enc ido ng si desu b d y efa tlu when eht simbus s noi

dohtem si P ,TSO tub eht re tlus si ton se tn as a uq er irts y ng, taht ,si si n to a dd ed ot th e

ca ti U no RL o eht f for .m Ra eht r irts eht , ng si se eht sa tn body eht fo re uq es .t

UR L encoding

niaM a lcitr e U : RL encod gni

S emo cha ar c et rs ca tonn eb pa tr fo a UR L ( rof exa pm le, eht aps ce) a dn emos rehto

cha ar c et rs have a ps ec lai em a ni gnin a URL: rof exa pm le, eht character # ac n eb desu ot

uf r reht eps cif a y esbus cti no ro( frag )tnem fo a od c ;tnemu eht cha ar c ret = si desu ot

separate a na em fr mo a va .eul A quer irts y ng may n ee d ot eb c vno erted ot satisf t y he es

c rtsno a ni t sihT .s ac eb n d eno a gnisu hcs e am kno nw as URL enc ido ng.

I n pa lucitr a ,r enc ido ng the uq ery irts ng eht sesu foll gniwo

r :selu

Let et sr A( - Z a dn a-z ,) nu ebm rs 0( - )9 a dn eht char ca et rs '.', '-', '~ ' a dn '_ ' are el ft

as- si

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 09

PS si ECA enc do e d a ' s +'

llA rehto characte sr a er enc do ed as F% F hex rep er se noitatn htiw any on n- SA CII

cha ar c et rs if r ne ts code d a TU s F- ( 8 o hto r e s r p ce fi ie d enc ido ng)

ehT enc ido n fo g PS ECA as '+' a dn eht se el ction fo "as-is " cha ar c et rs d si t ni g sehsiu ht i s

enc ido ng f R mor F 71 C 38.

Exa pm le

If a fo mr bme si e dd e ni d an TH ML pa eg a ollof s w :s

< of r m acti no ="cgi- nib /te c.ts gi" dohtem ="get">

< tupni type="tex "t na em =" if rst">

< tupni type="tex "t na em ="s ce no d">

< tupni type=" imbus t">

< of/ r >m

a dn eht resu sni e str eht nirts gs

―ht is si a if eldǁ a dn

―was ti clear (a rl ae dy)?ǁ ni eht

owt et xt if e sdl a dn p er t sess h timbus e tub t ,no p eht rogram .tset cgi lliw er ec iv eht e

iwollof n uq g ery irts ng:

if r siht=ts + +si a+ if e dl &sec dno =was+it c+ lea +r %28a rl ae dy% %92 3F

If eht of rm si p cor e dess no eht se vr er by a CG I sc pir t, eht sc tpir may typi ac ll er y ec evi

uq eht ery irts ng a na s e rivn o v tnemn a ir a n elb ame d Q TS_YREU RI .GN

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 19

TINU – 7

PHP OT NOITCUDORTNI

.PHP ni snoitcnuf gnirts xis yna nialpxE .1 )skraM 60( ( enuJ - ,6102 naJ – )4102

:noituloS

2 .PHP ni yarra fo erutcurts lanretni lacigol nialpxe ,margaid taen na htiW .

)skraM 40( ( naJ - enuJ ,6102 - ,5102 naJ – )4102

:noituloS

sedulcni llec hcae erehw ,sllec fo tsil deknil a ni derots era yarra na fo stnemele eht ,yllanretnI

hguorht yromem ni derots era sevlesmeht sllec ehT .tnemele eht fo eulav eht dna yek eht htob

yek a - lmodnar era yeht taht os noitcnuf gnihsah .egarots fo kcolb devreser a ni detubirtsid y

etnemelpmi era syek gnirts hguorht stnemele ot sesseccA gnihsah eht hguorht d

.noitcnuf fo redro eht ni dna sgnirts era syek eht fi redro taht ni dessecca eb ot meht gniwolla

srebmun era syek eht fi syek rieht

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 29

. erew yeht hcihw ni redro eht ni meht tcennoc taht sknil evah lla stnemele eht ,revewoH

fo redro eht ni dna sgnirts era syek eht fi redro taht ni dessecca eb ot meht gniwolla ,detaerc

srebmun era syek eht fi syek rieht

3 sdaer taht snoitcnuf PHP a etirW . .elif a otni etirw dna elif a morf stnetnoc

)skraM 60( ( enuJ - ,5102 naJ – )4102

:noituloS

eliF a morf gnidaeR

a otni elif eht fo stnetnoc eht daer ot si PHP ni elif txet a tupni ot yaw nommoc tsom ehT

noitalupinam gnirts PHP fo noitcelloc evisserpmi eht nehT .gnirts a sa elbairav ralacs

aer noitcnuf daerf ehT .gnirts a sa elif eht ssecorp ot desu eb nac snoitcnuf a fo lla ro trap sd

elbairav elif a :sretemarap owt sekat noitcnuf sihT .daer saw tahw fo gnirts a snruter dna elif

dne eht rehtie nehw spots noitarepo gnidaer ehT .daer eb ot setyb fo rebmun eht dna - fo - elif

setyb fo rebmun deificeps eht ro daer si rekram .daer neeb sah

atad rellams ylno yllausu os ,smetsys esabatad ni derots netfo era atad fo snoitcelloc egraL

ot llac elgnis a htiw yteritne rieht ni daer netfo era selif ,eroferehT .selif ni derots era stes

ht ,ecno ta daer eb ot si elif elohw eht fI .daerf retemarap dnoces eht sa nevig si htgnel s’elif e

ot llac a os ,noitcnuf eziselif eht htiw si htgnel elif tcerroc eht teg ot yaw tseb ehT .daerf ot

elgnis a sekat noitcnuf eziselif ehT .daerf ot retemarap dnoces eht sa desu netfo si eziselif

eht ,retemarap stnetnoc eritne eht daer ot ,elpmaxe roF .)elbairav elif eht ton( elif eht fo eman

dluoc tnemetats gniwollof eht ,gnirts_elif$ elbairav eht otni gnirts a sa tad.atadtset elif eht fo

:desu eb

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 39

ti sa eman elif a sekat hcihw ,elif si daerf ot evitanretla enO yarra na snruter dna retemarap s

non fo gnirts a si enil A( .elif eht fo senil eht fo lla fo - a yb dewollof ,sretcarahc enilwen

.yrassecen ton era snoitarepo esolc dna nepo elif eht taht si elif fo egatnavda enO ).enilwen

nemetats gniwollof eht ,elpmaxe roF deman yarra na otni tad.atadtset fo senil eht secalp t

:senil_elif@

;)”tad.atadtset“(elif = senil_elif$

noitcnuf ehT :nepof gnillac eriuqer ton seod taht noitcnuf tupni elif rehtona sah PHP

sihT .retemarap sti sa eman s’elif eht sekat stnetnoc_teg_elif eritne eht sdaer noitcnuf

:llac gniwollof eht ni deifilpmexe sa ,elif eht fo stnetnoc

;)”tad.atadtset“(stnetnoc_teg_elif = gnirts_elif$

elbairav elif eht :sretemarap owt sekat hcihw ,stegf htiw daer eb nac elif a fo enil elgnis A

gnel eht no timil a dna tnemetats eht ,elpmaxe na sA .daer eb ot enil eht fo ht

;)001 ,rav_elif$(stegf = enil$

enilwen a sdnif ti litnu rav_elif$ si elbairav elif esohw elif eht morf sretcarahc sdaer

dne eht sretnuocne ,retcarahc - fo - etoN .sretcarahc 99 daer sah ro ,rekram elif eht taht

dnoces sti sa nevig timil eht naht rewef eno si sdaer stegf sretcarahc fo rebmun mumixam

.retemarap

elif eht si retemarap ylno esohw ,ctegf htiw elif a morf daer eb nac retcarahc elgnis A

eht ,sretcarahc yb ro senil yb elif a gnidaer nI .elbairav yb dellortnoc eb tsum noitarepo daer

elif a sekat hcihw ,noitcnuf foef eht htiw enod eb nac sihT .elif eht fo dne eht fo noitceted eht

tsal eht fi EURT :eulav naelooB a snruter tI .retemarap ylno sti sa elbairav - fo retcarahc daer

dne eht saw elif eht - fo -f .esiwrehto ESLAF ,retcarahc eli

eliF a ot gnitirW

eht ot nettirw eb ot gnirts eht dna elbairav elif a :sretemarap owt sekat noitcnuf 7etirwf ehT

fo elpmaxe na si gniwollof ehT .nettirw setyb fo rebmun eht snruter noitcnuf etirwf ehT .elif

:etirwf ot llac a

;)atad_tuo$ ,rav_elif$(etirwf = nettirw_setyb$

dna rav_elif$ htiw decnerefer elif eht ot atad_tuo$ ni eulav gnirts eht setirw tnemetats sihT

elif eht fi ylno krow lliw siht ,esruoc fO .nettirw_setyb$ ni nettirw setyb fo rebmun eht secalp

.gnitirw rof denepo neeb sah

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 49

si noitcnuf stnetnoc_tup_elif ehT stnetnoc_teg_elif fo trapretnuoc eht — fo eulav eht setirw ti

,elpmaxe roF .retemarap tsrif sti ni deificeps elif eht ot ,gnirts a ,retemarap dnoces sti

:llac gniwollof eht redisnoc

;)rts$ ,”tad.atadevas“(stnetnoc_tup_elif

4 o sepyt tnereffid eht nialpxE . .PHP ni elbaliava era sepyt ralacs f )skraM 40( naJ( – )4102

:noituloS

sepyt ralacs ruof sah PHP — ;gnirts dna ,elbuod ,regetni ,naelooB

epyT regetnI

C fo epyt gnol eht ot sdnopserroc epyt sihT .regetni deman ,epyt regetni elgnis a sah PHP

eht hcihw no enihcam eht fo ezis drow eht fo taht si ezis sti snaem hcihw ,srosseccus sti dna

ewef ton( ssel tib a ro ,stib 23 si siht ,sesac tsom nI .nur si margorp .stigid lamiced 01 naht )r

epyT elbuoD

slaretil elbuoD .srosseccus sti dna C fo epyt elbuod eht ot sdnopserroc epyt elbuod s’PHP

ro E na fo mrof lausu eht sah tnenopxe ehT .htob ro ,tnenopxe na ,tniop lamiced a edulcni nac

s ylbissop a yb dewollof ,e na retfa ro erofeb stigid yna eb ton deen erehT .laretil regetni dengi

.slaretil elbuod lagel era .543 dna 543. htob os ,tniop lamiced eht

epyT gnirtS

.epyt retcarahc on si erehT .detroppus ton si EDOCINU ;setyb elgnis era PHP ni sretcarahC

carahc elgnis A .1 htgnel fo gnirts a sa detneserper si eulav atad ret

elgnis rehtie htiw denifed era slaretil gnirtS - elbuod ro )‘( etouq - nI .sretimiled )“( etouq

elgnis - sa hcus ,secneuqes epacse ,slaretil gnirts detouq \ gnihtyna sa dezingocer ton era ,n

v eht dna laiceps hcuS( .seman rieht rof detutitsbus ton era selbairav deddebme fo seula

elbuod nI ).noitalopretni dellac si noitutitsbus - era secneuqes epacse ,slaretil gnirts detouq

eht ,elpmaxe roF .seulav tnerruc rieht yb decalper era selbairav deddebme dna dezingocer

av fo eul

’mus$ :si mus ehT‘

fo eulav eht neht ,2.01 si mus$ fo eulav tnerruc eht fi ,revewoH .depyt si ti sa yltcaxe si

”mus$ :si mus ehT“

si

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TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 59

2.01 :si mus ehT

elbuod a fI - pretni ti tnaw ton od uoy tub ,eman elbairav a sedulcni laretil gnirts detouq ,detalo

( hsalskcab a htiw )ngis rallod eht( eman eht fo retcarahc tsrif eht edecerp \ a fo eman eht fI .)

elbuod a ni deddebme si eulav a ot tes ton si taht elbairav - si eman eht ,laretil gnirts detouq

.gnirts ytpme eht yb decalper

elbuoD - nac sgnirts detouq eht htiw detaerc era taht sretcarahc enilwen deddebme edulcni

gnipyt morf tluser taht esoht ekil yltcaxe era sretcarahc hcuS .yek retnE \ .gnirts eht ni n

.retupmoc eht no elbaliava yromem eht yb ylno detimil si gnirts a fo htgnel ehT

epyT naelooB

era hcihw fo htob ,ESLAF dna EURT era epyt naelooB eht rof seulav elbissop owt ylno ehT

fo snoisserpxe ,regetni sa esnes emas eht ni epyt atad a si naelooB hguohtlA .evitisnesni esac

non a fI .txetnoc naelooB a ni desu eb nac sepyt rehto - oisserpxe naelooB a ni sraeppa n

na fI .deterpretni eb lliw ti woh wonk tsum ylsuoivbo remmargorp eht ,txetnoc naelooB

,esiwrehto ;orez si ti fi ESLAF ot setaulave ti ,txetnoc naelooB a ni desu si noisserpxe regetni

oc naelooB a ni desu si noisserpxe gnirts a fI .EURT si ti si ti fi ESLAF ot setulave ti ,txetn

gnirts eht taht seilpmi sihT .EURT si ti ,esiwrehto ;”0“ gnirts eht ro gnirts ytpme eht rehtie

.EURT ot setaulave ”0.0“

gnidnuor fo esuaceB .0.0 yltcaxe si ESLAF sa deterpretni si taht eulav elbuod ylno ehT

w sa ,srorre esu ot aedi doog a ton si ti ,EURT ot setaulave ”0.0“ gnirts eht taht tcaf eht sa lle

tub ,orez ot esolc yrev eb nac eulav A .txetnoc naelooB a ni elbuod epyt fo snoisserpxe

.EURT ot etaulave lliw ti ,orez yltcaxe ton si ti esuaceb

.5 tni lacigol ebircseD PHP ni yarra na fo erutcurts lanre

50( )skraM ( enuJ - naJ ,6102 - enuJ ,6102 - )5102

.noituloS

my loc% o sr = ( der => "# ,"0000ff rg e >=ne 00#" ff ,"00

eulb >= 0000#" f ,"f lb a kc => "# 00000 0 ,"

etihw >= f#" f ff f "f ;)

my k@ e ilsy ce = ke sy ;sroloc%

# ilsyek@ ce won qe u sla a ar n od mly dro e er d il ts of

# eht hsah ke :sy

# er"( d ," rg" e ,"ne ulb" e", calb" k ," tihw" e )"

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TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 69

my ilseulav@ ce = va ul es ;sroloc%

# @ ecilseulav won auqe ls a ar n od mly dro e er d il ts fo

# eht hsah av l :seu

# 000ff"( 0 ," 0#" 0 0ff 0 ," ,"ff0000#" 00#" 0 00 0 ," "#f fff ff")

sA htiw ke ,sy v seula ter u snr ht e val seu ni erpnu dict ba le dro e .r

.6 ton ro nigol lufsseccus rof ti kcehc ot mrof nigol rof PHP ni gnildnah mrof eht nialpxE

01( )skraM naJ( - )4102 enuJ ,5102

.noituloS

( `srebmem` ELBAT ETAERC

LLUN TON )4(tni `di` ,tnemercni_otua

,'' tluafed LLUN TON )56(rahcrav `emanresu`

,'' tluafed LLUN TON )56(rahcrav `drowssap`

)`di`( YEK YRAMIRP

; 2=TNEMERCNI_OTUA MASIyM=EPYT )

--

-- `srebmem` elbat rof atad gnipmuD

--

;)'4321' ,'nhoj' ,1( SEULAV `srebmem` OTNI TRESNI

.7 .selpmaxe htiw PHP ni snoitcnuf yarra trosk dna trossa ,tros nialpxE

80( )skraM enuJ( - naJ ,6102 - )5102

.noituloS

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TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 79

siht nehw tsehgih ot tsewol morf degnarra eb lliw stnemelE .yarra na stros noitcnuf sihT

.detelpmoc sah noitcnuf

,.g.e

tros ;)stiurf$(

:tuptuo lliw elpmaxe evoba ehT

elppa = ]0[stiurf

ananab = ]1[stiurf

nomel = ]2[stiurf

egnaro = ]3[stiurf

2 )(trosra .

yarra eht htiw noitalerroc rieht niatniam secidni yarra taht hcus yarra na stros noitcnuf sihT

yeht stnemele erehw syarra evitaicossa gnitros nehw ylniam desu si sihT .htiw detaicossa era

.tnacifingis si redro tnemele lautca eht

,.g.e

trosra ( stiurf$ ;)

:tuptuo lliw elpmaxe evoba ehT

egnaro = a

nomel = d

ananab = b

elppa = c

3 )(trosk .

na stroS rof ylniam lufesu si sihT .snoitalerroc atad ot yek gniniatniam ,yek yb yarra

.syarra evitaicossa

,.g.e

;)stiurf$(trosk

:tuptuo lliw elpmaxe evoba ehT

egnaro = a

ananab = b

elppa = c

nomel = d

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 89

.8 edolpmi eht fo snoitca eht nialpxE .snoitcnuf edolpxe dna 50( )skraM naJ( - )6102

.noituloS

noitcnuF )(edolpmI

ot desu si noitcnuf edolpmi ehT nioj" yarra na fo stnemele ."gnirts a htiw

(edolpmi ehT sgnirts fo yarra na sekat tI .yarra na fo stnemele morf gnirts a snruter noitcnuf )

eht neewteb desu eb ot gnirts( retimiled a gnisu gnirts eno otni rehtegot meht snioj dna

.eciohc ruoy fo )seceip

sa derebmemer ylisae si PHP ni noitcnuf edolpmi ehT arra" "gnirts ot y ylpmis hcihw ,

eht snruter dna stnemele yarra yna sniojer tI .gnirts a snruter dna yarra na sekat ti taht snaem

.elbairav a ni tup eb yam hcihw ,gnirts gnitluser

;)"U","O","I","E","A"( yarrA = rra$ siht ekil yarra na evah uoy esoppuS

iw uoy dna ' rotarapes eht gnittup yb ,gnirts a otni ti enibmoc ot hs - fo tnemele hcae neewteb '

.yarra eht

noitcnuF )(edolpxE

" ot desu si noitcnuf edolpxe ehT a tilpS gnirts a skaerb ti .e.i seceip otni gnirts deificeps a yb

."yarra na otni gnirts

itcnuf edolpxe ehT kaerb hcae htiw txet rellams otni gnirts a kaerb ot su swolla PHP ni no

eht gnisU .retimiled eht sa nwonk si lobmys sihT .lobmys emas eht ta gnirrucco edolpxe

na otni gnirts a skaerb noitcnuf )(edolpxe ehT .gnirts a morf yarra na etaerc lliw ew dnammoc

.yarra na fo stnemele eht morf gnirts a snruter noitcnuf edolpmi eht tub ,yarra

gnirts a evah uoy elpmaxe roF

;"U O I E A"=rts$

tahw os yllaudividni ti ssecca dna yarra na fo tnemele na sa eman hcae ekam ot tnaw uoy won

:od uoy

;)rts$ ,","(edolpxe = rra$

',' rotarapes no desab txet$ gnirts fo seceip edam evah ew : snaem

rra$ elbairav ni yarra gnitluser eht tup dna

.9 atad tegdiw elpitlum sah taht gnirts yreuq a fo tamrof eht si tahW ?gnirts yreuq a si tahW

pircs PHP a ni detaerc eb nac ti woh ?seulav .t 80( )skraM

.noituloS

:LRU a evah uoy enigamI

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TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 99

php=eman&5=di?php.egap/moc.etisbewym.www//:ptth

:si gnirts yreuq eht nehT php=eman&5=di?

yek a :strap owt fo stsisnoc yreuq eht ,esac siht nI di eulav htiw 5 yek a dna , eman eulav htiw

php .

ssecca nac uoY :edoc siht gnisu syek gnirts yreuq eht fo eulav eht ;]'di'[TEG_$ = di$

fo eulav eht steg edoc evoba ehT di si hcihw , 5 .esac siht ni

.01 PHP ni noitarepo elif nialpxE )skraM 60( naJ( - enuJ ,6102 - )5102

.noituloS

PHP ehT )(nepof elif eht tsrif gnitats stnemugra owt seriuqer tI .elif a nepo ot desu si noitcnuf

.etarepo ot hcihw ni edom neht dna eman

.elbat siht ni snoitpo xis eht fo eno sa deificeps eb nac sedom seliF

edoM esopruP

r elif eht secalP.ylno gnidaer rof elif eht snepO gninnigeb eht ta retniop

.elif eht fo

+r eht ta retniop elif eht secalP.gnitirw dna gnidaer rof elif eht snepO

.elif eht fo gninnigeb

w

gninnigeb eht ta retniop elif eht secalP.ylno gnitirw rof elif eht snepO

tsixeton seod selif fI .htgnel orez ot elif eht setacnurt dna.elif eht fo

.elif a etaerc ot stpmetta ti neht

+w

ta retniop elif eht secalP.ylno gnitirw dna gnidaer rof elif eht snepO

selif fI .htgnel orez ot elif eht setacnurt dna.elif eht fo gninnigeb eht

.elif a etaerc ot stpmetta ti neht tsixeton seod

a eht fo dne eht ta retniop elif eht secalP.ylno gnitirw rof elif eht snepO

etaerc ot stpmetta ti neht tsixe ton seod selif fI.elif .elif a

+a

ta retniop elif eht secalP.ylno gnitirw dna gnidaer rof elif eht snepO

a etaerc ot stpmetta ti neht tsixe ton seod selif fI.elif eht fo dne eht

.elif

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TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 001

TINU – 8

YBUR OT NOITCUDORTNI

1 .hcae elpmaxe htiw ybur ni elbaliava era snoitarepo gnihctam nrettap tnereffid eht ssucsiD .

)skraM 90( naJ( – 5102 )

:noituloS

nrettap eht ,ybuR nI - rof ,~= srotarepo gnihctam eht htiw deificeps si noitarepo gnihctam

evitagen rof ,~! dna ,sehctam evitisop roF .)/( sehsals neewteb decalp era snrettaP .sehctam

tfel eht tsniaga dehctam si nrettap dnarepo thgir eht snoitcaretni gniwollof eht ni ,elpmaxe

:gnirts dnarepo

nrettap a gnitaulave fo tluser ehT - erehw gnirts eht ni noitisop eht si noisserpxe gnihctam eht

.dehctam nrettap

,retemarap sti sesu dohtem ehT .gnissecorp gnirts ni desu yltneuqerf si dohtem tilps ehT

otni tnes si ti hcihw ot tcejbo gnirts eht tilps ot woh enimreted ot ,nrettap a si hcihw

snoitcaretni eht ,elpmaxe roF .sgnirtsbus

stup eb ot denifed era rts ni sdrow eht erehw ,yarra sdrow eht otni rts morf sdrow eht

yb dewollof eb dluoc hcihw fo yna ,ammoc a ro ,doirep a ,ecaps a rehtie htiw detanimret

etihw erom - .sretcarahc ecaps

sehctaM gnirebmemeR

ehctam taht gnirts eht fo trap ehT elbairav ticilpmi na ni devas eb nac nrettap eht fo trap a d

.sesehtnerap ni decalp si evas ot tnaw uoy hctam esohw nrettap eht fo trap ehT .esu retal rof

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TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 101

eht ,1$ ni devas si nrettap eht fo trap dezisehtnerap tsrif eht dehctam taht gnirtsbus ehT

ni dnoces :enod si siht woh wohs snoitcaretni gniwollof ehT .htrof os dna ,2$

dedecerp taht gnirts eht fo trap eht ecnerefer ot elba eb ot tneinevnoc si ti ,snoitautis emos nI

nirts eerht esehT .hctam eht dewollof taht trap eht ro ,dehctam taht trap eht ,hctam eht era sg

.ylevitcepser ,’$ dna ,&$ ,`$ selbairav ticilpmi eht hguorht hctam a retfa elbaliava

snoitutitsbuS

rehtona yb decalper eb tsum nrettap a dehctam taht gnirts a fo gnirtsbus eht semitemoS

xe od ot dengised sdohtem ruof sah ssalc gnirtS s’ybuR .gnirts fo cisab tsom ehT .taht yltca

na ro( gnirts a dna nrettap a :sretemarap owt sekat ,bus ,dohtem etutitsbus eht ,eseht

eht tsniaga nrettap eht sehctam dohtem bus ehT .)eulav gnirts a ot setaulave taht noisserpxe

dnif bus fI .tnes si ti hcihw ot tcejbo gnirts sti yb decalper si gnirtsbus dehctam eht ,hctam a s

:snoitcaretni gniwollof eht ni sa ,retemarap dnoces

lla secalper dna sehctam gnirtsbus lla sdnif ti taht tpecxe ,bus ot ralimis si dohtem busg ehT

:retemarap dnoces sti htiw meht fo

al eht morf ecitoN ehT .dellac si ti hcihw no tcejbo gnirts eht retla ton seod busg taht enil ts

.!busg dna !bus deman ,snoisrev rotatum evah busg dna bus ,revewoH .bus rof eurt si emas

:skrow !busg woh etartsulli snoitcaretni gniwollof ehT

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 201

eht sllet hcihw ,reifidom i ehT desu eb osla nac ,srettel fo esac eht erongi ot rehctam nrettap

eht ni nwohs sa ,nrettap eht fo dne thgir eht ot ti gnihcatta yb dohtem etutitsbus eht htiw

:edoc gniwollof

2 .ybur ni tuptuo neercs dna tupni draobyek nialpxE . )skraM 40( ( enuJ - ,6102 naJ – )4102

:noituloS

tuptuO neercS

na sa ti taert ot referp eW .)rotarepo ro( dohtem stup eht htiw neercs eht ot detcerid si tuptuO

enilwen A .laretil gnirts a si stup rof dnarepo ehT .rotarepo dedneppa ylticilpmi si retcarahc

ht fI .dnarepo gnirts eht ot }...{# eht ,tuptuo fo enil a fo trap eb ot si elbairav a fo eulav e

elbuod a otni ti tresni ot desu eb nac noitaton - gniwollof eht ni sa ,laretil gnirts detouq

:snoitcaretni

”ygduF“ = eman >>

”ygduF“ >=

”}eman{# si eman yM“ stup >>

ygduF si eman yM

lin >=

neeb sah gnirts eht retfa denruter eulav eht si taht dna ,lin si stup yb denruter eulav ehT

.deyalpsid

fo dne eht ot sdda stup taht enilwen deilpmi eht tnaw ton od uoy fi desu si dohtem tnirp ehT

.gnirts laretil ruoy

gnitaolf a trevnoc ot yaw ehT - lav tniop C eht fo noitairav a htiw si gnirts dettamrof a ot eu

retemarap gnirts a sekat ,ftnirps deman si osla hcihw ,noitcnuf sihT .ftnirps noitcnuf egaugnal

gnirts ehT .detrevnoc eb ot elbairav a fo eman eht yb dewollof edoc tamrof a sniatnoc taht

uter si noisrev ehT .d dna f era desu ylnommoc tsom sedoc tamrof ehT .noitcnuf eht yb denr

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TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 301

edoc eht yb dewollof ,htdiw dleif a yb dewollof ,)%( ngis tnecrep a si edoc tamrof a fo mrof

ced a yb detarapes ,strap owt ni sraeppa edoc f eht rof htdiw dleif ehT .)d ro f( rettel lami

eht ot stigid owt htiw ,secaps neves fo htdiw dleif latot a snaem 2.7f% ,elpmaxe roF .tniop

tniop lamiced eht fo thgir — a tsuj si htdiw dleif edoc d ehT .yenom rof tamrof tcefrep a

secaps fo rebmun — gnitaolf a trevnoc ot ,oS .d5% ,elpmaxe rof - ulav tniop eht yb decnerefer e

gniwollof eht ,tniop lamiced eht fo thgir eht ot stigid owt htiw gnirts a ot latot elbairav

:desu eb dluoc tnemetats

)latot ,”f2.5%“(ftnirps = rts

tupnI draobyeK

.tupni draobyek rof deen elttil si ereht ,koob siht ni sliaR rof yliramirp desu si ybuR esuaceB

decudortni ylfeirb si ti os ,snoitacilppa rehto rof lufesu ylniatrec si tupni draobyek ,revewoH

.ereh

T .draobyek eht morf tupni fo enil a steg dohtem steg ehT eht sedulcni enil deveirter eh

:pmohc htiw dedracsid eb nac ti ,dedeen ton si enilwen eht fI .retcarahc enilwen

steg = eman >>

selppa

selppa“ >= \ ”n

pmohc.eman = eman >>

”selppa“ >=

nruter eulav eht ot yltcerid pmohc gniylppa yb denetrohs eb dluoc edoc sihT :steg yb de

pmohc.steg = eman >>

selppa

”selppa“ >=

na ot detrevnoc eb tsum steg morf gnirts eht ,draobyek eht morf tupni eb ot si rebmun a fI

:snoitcaretni gniwollof eht ni sa ,dohtem i_ot eht htiw regetni

i_ot.steg = ega >>

72

72 >=

a si rebmun eht fI gnitaolf - :f_ot si dohtem noisrevnoc eht ,eulav tniop

f_ot.steg = ega >>

5.72

5.72 >=

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TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 401

3 .noitacilppa 1 sliar fo erutcurts yrotcerid ,margaid taen a htiw nialpxE .

)skraM 70( naJ( – 5102 )

:noituloS

sdnopser sliaR eht fo trap si sihT .seirotcerid 03 naht erom ni selif 54 naht erom gnitaerc yb

noitacilppa cificeps eht rednu yltceriD .noitacilppa sliaR a stroppus taht krowemarf

yrotcerid — teerg ,esac siht ni — hcihw fo gnitseretni tsom eht ,detaerc era seirotceridbus 11 ta

srellortnoc dna ,sweiv ,sledom :seirotceridbus ruof sah yrotcerid ppa ehT .ppa si tniop siht —

noitacilppa sliaR a fo erutcetihcra CVM eht ot yltcerid dnopserroc hcihw — ehT .srepleh dna

sliaR sniatnoc yrotceridbus srepleh - snoc ni dia taht sdohtem dedivorp .snoitacilppa gnitcurt

ro ,srellortnoc ro ,sweiv ,sledom ni ediser lliw noitacilppa na troppus ot edoc resu eht fo tsoM

.seirotcerid esoht fo seirotceridbus ni

tnatropmi lareves sah hcihw ,tpircs si dnammoc sliar eht yb detaerc seirotcerid eht fo enO

ybuR na fo trap etaerc ot desu si ,etareneg ,tpircs hcus enO .secivres mrofrep taht stpircs

,yrotcerid srellortnoc eht ni ssalc a gniniatnoc elif a setaerc tpircs sihT .rellortnoc noitacilppa

stnemucod sweiv erehw yrotcerid sweiv eht fo yrotceridbus a osla dna ruo roF .derots eb lliw

hcihw ,rellortnoc si hcihw fo tsrif eht ,etareneg ot sretemarap owt ssap ew ,noitacilppa

esohc ew eman eht si retemarap dnoces ehT .tliub ssalc rellortnoc eht tnaw ew taht setacidni

sliaR woh fo trap tnatropmi nA .rellortnoc eht rof tsrif ruO .seman fo esu desucof sti si skrow

eman elif eht fo trap eb osla lliw hcihw ,rellortnoc eht fo eman eht si erutaef siht fo elpmaxe

eb lliw ti ,noitidda nI .flesti ssalc rellortnoc eht fo eman eht fo trap dna ssalc rellortnoc eht fo

t fo eman eht .noitacilppa eht fo LRU eht fo trap a dna yrotcerid sweiv eht fo yrotceridbus eh

eht etaerc ot yrotcerid teerg eht ni nevig si dnammoc gniwollof eht ,elpmaxe ruo roF

:rellortnoc

yas rellortnoc etareneg/tpircs ybur>

ehT .noitacilppa ruo rof rellortnoc eht rof yas eman eht nesohc evah ew ,dnammoc siht htiW

:swollof sa si dnammoc eht fo noitucexe eht yb decudorp esnopser

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 501

ixe ydaerla ot dnuof sliaR taht seirotcerid dna selif etacidni esnopser siht ni senil stsixe ehT .ts

eht ni selif owt won era erehT .selif dna seirotcerid detaerc ylwen eht wohs senil etaerc ehT

yrotcerid srellortnoc — br.rellortnoc_yas dna br.noitacilppa — eht niatnoc hcihw

rellortnoCyaS ehT .ylevitcepser ,sessalc rellortnoCyaS dna rellortnoCnoitacilppA a si ssalc

noitacilppA ,ssalc tnerap eht sA .ssalc rellortnoCnoitacilppA eht fo ssalcbus - rellortnoC

.ssalc noitacilppa eht fo ssalc rellortnoc eht ,rellortnoCyaS rof roivaheb tluafed eht sedivorp

rtnoc gnidnopserroc rieht dna srellortnoc rehto eb yam erehT .noitacilppa na ni sessalc rello

sliar laitini eht yb tliub saw hcihw ,rellortnoCnoitacilppA fo sessalcbus era sessalc hcuS

:br.rellortnoc_yas fo gnitsil a si gniwollof ehT .dnammoc

.4 .elpmaxe htiw ybur ni tuptuo dna tupni elpmis ebircseD

60( ( )skraM enuJ - naJ ,6102 - naJ ,5102 - 4102 )

:noituloS

txeT tuptuO

txet eht taht eciton( dnammoc ohce eht htiw txet tuptuo ot woh swohs elpmaxe gniwollof ehT

:)pukram LMTH niatnoc nac

elpmaxE

php?<

;">2h/<!nuF si PHP>2h<" ohce

;">rb<!dlrow olleH" ohce

m'I" ohce ;">rb<!PHP nrael ot tuoba

;".sretemarap elpitlum htiw" ," edam" ," saw" ," gnirts" ," sihT" ohce

>?

txeT tupnI

txet eht taht eciton( dnammoc ohce eht htiw txet tuptuo ot woh swohs elpmaxe gniwollof ehT

:)pukram LMTH niatnoc nac

elpmaxE

php?<

= 1txt$ ;"PHP nraeL"

;"moc.sloohcS3W" = 2txt$

;5 = x$

;4 = y$

Page 106: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 601

;">2h/<1txt$>2h<" tnirp

;">rb<2txt$ ta PHP ydutS" tnirp

;y$ + x$ tnirp

>?

.noitacilppa sliar fo erutcurts yrotcerid eht nialpxE .5 enuJ( )skraM 60( - naJ ,6102 - )5102

:noituloS

< rellortnoCyaS ssalc rellortnoCnoitacilppA dne

yrotceridbus sweiv eht fo yrotceridbus yas eht ni sediser noitacilppa ruo rof elif etalpmet ehT

.yrotcerid teerg eht fo yrotceridbus ppa eht fo

sliar fo weivrevo eht nialpxE .6 ( )skraM 50( naJ - enuJ ,6102 - )4102

:noituloS

ehT .llew sa eporuE dna SU ni ytiralupop gniniag si ti won dna napaJ ni detanigiro ybuR

ytiralupop sti sdrawot etubirtnoc srotcaf gniwollof

nrael ot ysaE

)esnecil larebil yrev( ecruos nepO

seirarbil hciR

dnetxe ot ysae yreV

ylurT tcejbo - detneiro

sgub rewef htiw gnidoc sseL

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 701

ytinummoc lufpleH

yam uoy taht llew sa skcabward wef a era ereht ,ybuR esu ot snosaer ynam evah ew hguohtlA

ybuR gnitnemelpmi erofeb redisnoc ot evah

seussI ecnamrofreP

ti ,nohtyP dna lreP slavir ti hguohtlA − deterpretni na llits si

hgih htiw ti erapmoc tonnac ew dna egaugnal - ro C ekil segaugnal gnimmargorp level

.++C

ledom gnidaerhT

ni detalumis era sdaerht ybuR .sdaerht evitan esu ton seod ybuR −

sdaerht SO evitan sa gninnur naht rehtar MV eht

cca ssucsiD .7 .ybur ni lortnoc sse enuJ( )skraM 60( - naJ ,6102 - )4102

:noituloS

ssalc a edisni ton ,"level pot" eht ni dohtem a enifed ew nehw sneppah tahw redisnoC

a ot suogolana sa dohtem a hcus fo kniht nac eW .noitinifed noitcnuf lanoitidart erom a ni

ugnal .C ekil ega

>ybur )n(erauqs fed

| n * n

| dne

lin

>ybur )5(erauqs

52

eht ot ti sevig ybur tcaf ni tub ,ssalc yna ot gnoleb ot ton raeppa dluow dohtem wen ruO

tcejbO won dluohs tcejbo yna ,tluser a sA .ssalc rehto yreve fo ssalcrepus a si hcihw ,ssalc

a si ti :hctac llams a s'ereht tub ,eurt eb ot tuo snrut tahT .dohtem taht esu ot elba eb etavirp

tub ,woleb snaem siht tahw fo emos ssucsid ll'eW .ssalc yreve fo dohtem si ecneuqesnoc eno

:ereh sa ,elyts noitcnuf ni ylno dekovni eb yam ti taht

>ybur ooF ssalc

| )x(fo_rewop_htruof fed

| )x(erauqs * )x(erauqs

| dne

| dne

lin

>ybur 01 fo_rewop_htruof.wen.ooF

00001

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 801

.ybur ni tsil dna syarra rof sdohtem ni tliub ruof yna elpmaxe na htiw nialpxE .8

enuJ( )skraM 60( - 6102 )

:noituloS

rotcurtsnoc laretil eht gnisu yb detaerc eb nac yarra wen A ][ tnereffid niatnoc nac syarrA .

na sniatnoc woleb yarra eht ,elpmaxe roF .stcejbo fo sepyt regetnI a , gnirtS :taolF a dna

yra [ = 1 , "owt" , 0.3 ] ]0.3 ,"owt" ,1[ >=#

fo ezis laitini eht( eno ,orez htiw wen:: gnillac ylticilpxe yb detaerc eb osla nac yarra nA eht

.)tcejbo tluafed a dna ezis laitini eht( stnemugra owt ro )yarrA

yra = yarrA . wen ][ >=#

yarrA . wen (3 ) ]lin ,lin ,lin[ >=#

yarrA . wen (3 , eurt ) ]eurt ,eurt ,eurt[ >=#

emas eht ot secnerefer htiw yarra eht setalupop tnemugra dnoces eht taht etoN .tcejbo

ylevitan htiw syarra etaitnatsni ot deen uoy nehw sesac ni dednemmocer ylno si ti ,eroferehT

.eslaf ro eurt ,srebmun ,slobmyS sa hcus stcejbo elbatummi

ot efas si dohtem sihT .daetsni dessap eb nac kcolb a stcejbo etarapes htiw yarra na etaerc oT

u :syarra rehto ro sgnirts ,sehsah sa hcus stcejbo elbatum htiw es

yarrA . wen (4 { ) hsaH . wen } ]}{ ,}{ ,}{ ,}{[ >=#

itlum pu dliub ot yaw kciuq a osla si sihT - :syarra lanoisnemid

elbat_ytpme = yarrA . wen (3 { ) yarrA . wen (3 } )

,lin ,lin[ ,]lin ,lin ,lin[[ >=# ]]lin ,lin ,lin[ ,]lin

yarrA :{( a => "a" : , b => "b" )} ]]"b" ,b:[ ,]"a" ,a:[[ >=#

noitisop htiw gnola ,tsil eht ni rebmun tsellams dnoces eht yalpsid ot margorp ybur a etirW .9

.tsil eht ni naJ( )skraM 01( - enuJ ,6102 - )4102

:noituloS

)ezis_rra tni ,][rra tni(tsellamS2tnirp diov

{

;dnoces ,tsrif ,i tni

/* stnemele owt tsaelta eb dluohs erehT */

)2 < ezis_rra( fi

{

;)" tupnI dilavnI "(ftnirp

;nruter

Page 109: VTU Ques t ion B an k UNIT – 1 In t roduc t ion to WWW ... · The form at of a he ader field is th e field na me fo llow e d b y a c olon a nd th e valu e of th e f iel d. Th e

beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 901

}

;XAM_TNI = dnoces = tsrif

rof )++ i ; ezis_rra < i ;0 = i(

{

tsrif naht rellams si tnemele tnerruc fI */

/* dnoces dna tsrif htob etadpu neht

)tsrif < ]i[rra( fi

{

;tsrif = dnoces

;]i[rra = tsrif

}

fI */ dnoces dna tsrif neewteb ni si ]i[rra

dnoces etadpu neht /*

)tsrif =! ]i[rra && dnoces < ]i[rra( fi esle

;]i[rra = dnoces

}

)XAM_TNI == dnoces( fi

tnemele tsellams dnoces on si erehT"(ftnirp \ ;)"n

esle

" dnoces dna d% si tnemele tsellams ehT"(ftnirp

d% si tnemele tsellamS" \ ;)dnoces ,tsrif ,"n

}

01 no seton trohs etirW . naJ( )skraM 02( - )6102

)a ybuR

)b sliaR

)c ledom tcejbo tnemucoD

)d gnihctam nrettaP

.noituloS

ybuR )a

na si ybuR nepo - a ot tcejbus si ti tub ,beW eht no elbaliava yleerf si dna ecruos

.esnecil

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 011

lareneg a si ybuR - .egaugnal gnimmargorp deterpretni ,esoprup

tcejbo eurt a si ybuR - .egaugnal gnimmargorp detneiro

revres a si ybuR - dna nohtyP ot ralimis egaugnal gnitpircs edis .LREP

.stpircs )IGC( ecafretnI yawetaG nommoC etirw ot desu eb nac ybuR

.)LMTH( egaugnaL pukraM txetrepyH otni deddebme eb nac ybuR

yrev ybuR nrael ot repoleved wen a swolla taht xatnys ysae dna naelc a sah ybuR

.ylisae dna ylkciuq

xatnys ralimis sah ybuR dna ++C sa hcus segaugnal gnimmargorp ynam fo taht ot

.lreP

.elbaniatniam ylisae era ybuR ni nettirw smargorp gib dna elbalacs hcum yrev si ybuR

.snoitacilppa tenartni dna tenretnI gnipoleved rof desu eb nac ybuR

XISOP dna swodniW ni dellatsni eb nac ybuR .stnemnorivne

.LGnepO dna ,KTG ,kT/lcT sa hcus sloot IUG ynam troppus ybuR

.esabyS dna ,elcarO ,LQSyM ,2BD ot detcennoc eb ylisae nac ybuR

tliub fo tes hcir a sah ybuR - .stpircs ybuR otni yltcerid desu eb nac hcihw ,snoitcnuf ni

sliaR )b

ylemertxe nA bew evitcudorp - .krowemarf noitacilppa

.nossnaH reiemenieH divaD yb ybuR ni nettirW

uoy naht sliaR htiw retsaf semit net tsael ta noitacilppa bew a poleved dluoc uoY

.krowemarf avaJ lacipyt a htiw dluoc

esabatad gnipoleved rof krowemarf ybuR ecruos nepo nA - .snoitacilppa bew dekcab

.amehcS esabataD htiw edoc ruoy erugifnoC

.deriuqer esahp noitalipmoc oN

ledom tcejbo tnemucoD )c

LMX dna LMTH rof IPA gnimmargorp a si )MOD( ledoM tcejbO tnemucoD ehT

dna stnemucod fo erutcurts lacigol eht senifed tI .stnemucod dessecca si tnemucod a yaw eht

esnes daorb eht ni desu si "tnemucod" mret eht ,noitacificeps MOD eht nI .detalupinam dna -

fo sdnik tnereffid ynam gnitneserper fo yaw a sa desu gnieb si LMX ,ylgnisaercni

a ,smetsys esrevid ni derots eb yam taht noitamrofni eb yllanoitidart dluow siht fo hcum dn

,stnemucod sa atad siht stneserp LMX ,sselehtreveN .stnemucod sa naht rehtar atad sa nees

.atad siht eganam ot desu eb yam MOD eht dna

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beW eht gnimmargorP 37SC01

TIBJS ,ESI fo ,tpeD egaP 111

agivan ,stnemucod dliub dna etaerc nac sremmargorp ,ledoM tcejbO tnemucoD eht htiW et

LMTH na ni dnuof gnihtynA .tnetnoc dna stnemele eteled ro ,yfidom ,dda dna ,erutcurts rieht

tcejbO tnemucoD eht gnisu dedda ro ,deteled ,degnahc ,dessecca eb nac tnemucod LMX ro

snoitpecxe wef a htiw ,ledoM - ni eht rof secafretni MOD eht ,ralucitrap ni dna tesbus lanret

.deificeps neeb tey ton evah tesbus lanretxe

gnihctam nrettaP )d

tsrif a htiw atad fo tros yna no hctam ot swolla tI .msinahcem gnihctam nrettap lareneg - hctam

v regetni na tsniaga hctam ot woh swohs hcihw elpmaxe llams a si ereH .ycilop :eula

.1 { ppA sdnetxe 1tseThctaM tcejbo

.2 { hctam x = gnirtS :)tnI :x(tseThctam fed

.3 "eno" >= 1 esac

.4 "owt" >= 2 esac

.5 "ynam" >= _ esac

.6 }

.7 ))3(tseThctam(nltnirp

.8 }

eht htiw kcolb ehT esac ehT .sgnirts ot sregetni spam hcihw noitcnuf a senifed stnemetats

hctam gnihctam nrettap eht ekil( noitcnuf a gniylppa fo yaw tneinevnoc a sedivorp drowyek

.tcejbo na ot )evoba noitcnuf